)
( +, - (.*& ( ' &  #
"  
+, " 3
  +, (Photovolaic Conversion) ( 0-.1 B 0 .
 GB  +, E B 0
  +-C (. - Q B 1MN  I1J #-
 (T" B  ER 
  Y C0 (. X * N WN  V  U .
  \[ 
  #C  (   B 'Y  
" E )  (. (Becquerel
1839 " [g hQf  I" #-  + , e WJ 
" (  . Y i Y +J
   1' (Adams & Smith) jQ  -B Y
"  \ f '  1877 E
 q ' ' & -J Y- ) +B ' (Se   (Fritts) r. E 1883  GB jM
  u ' J R 0  Q C. '


Quantum) E
 (. E 
" ' C
1 #- (Mechanics
' zR   r1 y J "
 " 0 . (. f
 Y[z \" Y ' C  ( ,{  } 1 E ' Y  Q , f 
-
  ,Y   y   z 1941 E  +XQ B  GYW & -J
1
" 
-Q X N ) , E[ (%1{  X ' " +\'
 )GYW (. (Bell Lab
 0  ) WY' (. (Solar Battery Y "
1 " (%6) - 'Q (.
 C0  .  1  1 (. E1  q ' ' & -J  
   ,Y
" . - -  \.  {- " . (Thin Film Solar) CB1
 ",  (. 0-   r1  &N QYy ) (Semiconductors ' y J
 " Q N 
"  0 #-  Q ' f  
 ,  X "  YC
1 . 1-
 I1J B {  # '   
 "C  " (-
 #
- .' 1  '  -
 C (. [M C.  Y  Y z y J
" 0 -  q  X  &\ CBy B  
 g" TYM
M 0  -  M0
" (. W X  . B 0-  Q B #- q-0
Q ' X  
 jM 1-
  f1 W" u ' C +y u#
  X .
'\ -z EQN'  

 : f1  \ B . YW
 :,* *&  f*&  r u .y
N WN \ 0,' : N WN CQN.
  M : " q 1Y  ' (0 +(.
 : uz  (. -CY  Y 1,  Y\ \.
 -,  V - : r .  YW
  , \' :\r u  , 
 (.* "  .

  

  
www.kutub.info
  ()*+
 '&
01 2  ,-.
+56 )*4-