Chim mt na trong danh sch nhng v ph sn nh m nht chnh l nn nhn ca cuc khng hong ti chnh hin nay, m gn y l trng

hp ca i gia ngnh xe hi M General Motors. 1. Ngn hng Lehman Brothers y l v ph sn ln nht trong cuc khng hong ti chnh hin ti v cng l ln nht trong lch s nc M. Tng l i gia u t ti chnh Ph Wall, Lehman Brothers b buc phi np h s xin bo h ph sn vo thng 9 nm ngoi. Phn ln ti sn ca Lehman l b Ngn hng Barclays ca Anh thn tnh, trong khi mt s cng ty nh hn tip tc hot ng di danh ngha cng ty c lp hoc b xa s. V ph sn ca Lehman Brothers y 80 chi nhnh trn ton th gii ca ngn hng ny lm vo cnh ng ca. 2. Washington Mutual Do tin n Washington Mutual sp b v n, ch trong 10 ngy hng lot khch hng t i rt 16 t USD tin gi, y ngn hng ny ri vo thm cnh. Chnh ph M phi ng Washington Mutual v quyt nh bn n cho JPMorgan Chase vi gi 1,9 t USD. Mt ngy sau quyt nh ca chnh ph, Washington Mutual np n xin bo h ph sn, nh du v sp ca ngn hng ln th 6 nc M, ng thi l nh cho vay ln nht. Hin Washington Mutual i kin li chnh quyn M, c th l FDIC - C quan Bo him tin gi Lin bang. Washington Mutual cho rng FDIC thiu trch nhim khi ra lnh phong ta ti sn v bn cho JP Morgan vi ci gi "r mt". Trong n trnh ln ta n lin bang, Washington Mutual i FDIC phi bi thng thit hi 13 t USD. 3. WorldCom L cng ty in thoi vin thng ng di ln th hai nc M sau AT&T, WorldCom np n ph sn vo ngy 21/7/2002 sau scandal gian ln k ton tr gi 11 t USD. Nm 2003, WorldCom i tn thnh MCI, v hon tt th tc ph sn mt nm sau . V ph sn ca WorldCom tr gi 103,9 t USD. Ti 2005, MCI b Cng ty vin thng Verizon Communications thn tnh vi ci gi 7,6 t USD. V thn phn cu CEO Bernie Ebbers, ng b tuyn n 25 nm t giam vi ti danh la o chng khon, gian ln s sch. Hin ng ny ang thi hnh n ti nh t lin bang Oakdale thuc Louisiana. 4. General Motors Thnh lp t bui bnh minh ca ngnh cng nghip xe hi th gii v sut nhiu nm lin gi v tr nh sn xut hng u, General c mt s nghip ly lng cho n 1/6 va qua. y l v ph sn ln th 4 ca M v ln nht trong ngnh cng nghip nc ny, vi tr gi 91 t USD. Tnh ti thi im np n xin bo h ph sn, tng ti sn ca GM l 91 t USD, trong khi s n ln ti 172,81 t. Chnh ph M s tip tc bm tin cho GM v chuyn 50 t USD tin n thnh 60% c phn ti hng xe mi hnh thnh sau ph sn. Sau khi ti cu trc, GM s c quy m nh hn nhiu, nhng nhng nhn hiu ni ting nh Chevy, Cadillac, Buick v GMC vn c gi li. GM ang ln k hoch bn chi nhnh Opel ti c cho mt nh sn xut ph tng t t Canada. Nhng chi nhnh hot ng km hiu qu khc s b bn i hoc xa s. Theo nh tha thun. chnh ph M nm gn 72,5% v Hip hi Cng on ngnh t M nm 17,5% c phn ca cng ty mi. 5. Enron

Scandal l th phm nhn chm cng ty nng lng, in nng v kh gaz t nhin ln nht nc M vo 12/2/2001. V ph sn phc tp tr gi 65,5 try USD ca Enron ko di ti 3 nm tri, thu ht s quan tm ln nht ca d lun t trc n nay. Nhiu lnh o ca Enron sau b kt ti gian ln k ton v chng khon. Enron ph sn cng lm lin ly ti cng ty k ton Arthur Andersen, khin hng ny phi ng ca sau . Khng nhng th, gii chuyn gia tin rng Enron chnh l "ngun cm hng" Tng thng George Bush ban hnh o lut Sarbanes-Oxley vo nm 2002, thit lp nhiu tiu chun v gii hn cho cc cng ty cng. Gn y gii phn tch cho rng o lut Sarbanes-Oxley cn tr tnh cnh tranh trn trng quc t ca cc doanh nghip M. 6. Conseco Sau nhiu nm o ut di ng li lnh o km ci, cng ty ti chnh v bo him Conseco phi gnh khon n khng l ln ti 8 t USD v b buc phi np h sn xin ph sn vo thng 12/2002. Sau khi ti c cu, Conseco thnh cng trong vic gim s n xung cn 1,4 t USD v dn phc hi nh vic bn cc mn ti sn. Hin nay, Conseco hot ng kinh doanh nh bn bo him nhn th v bo him sc khe cho hn 4 triu khch hng. Chnh quyn bt u mt n hot ng kinh doanh hp ng hon i ri ro tn dng (CDS) ca Conseco sau khi mt s sai st trong h thng. Gn y, B trng Ti chnh M Timothy Geithner cho rng dch v chng khon phi sinh OTC nn c giao dch ti sn v chnh quyn phi kim sot c hot ng ca gii u t tham gia mua bn. 7. Chrysler Khi Tng thng M Barack Obama buc Chrysler np n xin ph sn hi thng 4, i th ca Chrysler l GM vn ang vt ln vi nhng i hi ca chnh ph M c nhn tin cu tr. Sau khi ti c cu, nh sn xut xe hi ang thit lp mi hp tc vi hng xe Fiat n t Italy. Hip hi Cng on ngnh t M (UAW) s nm quyn kim sot lng hu ca hng, trong khi chnh quyn M c nhim v bm 12 t USD cho Chrysler. Lt li lch s, s phn ca Chrysler cng kh ln n. Hai nm trc y, Chrysler b bn cho hng chng khon t nhn Cerberus Capital Management sau gn mt thp k nm di quyn s hu ca i gia xe hi ngi c Daimler-Benz. Nm 1979, Chrysler sut na b ph sn, nu khng nh vo 1,5 t USD do chnh ph M cho vay. 8. Thornburg Mortgage Nh cho vay th chp kim bt ng sn khng l t thnh ph Santa Fe (New Mexico) b ging mt n mnh sau cuc khng hong th chp di chun . Nhm trnh thm ha sp , cng ty tm ngng nhn khon vay mi, ng thi tng huy ng vn thng qua vic pht hnh chng khon. Nm 2008, mi vic c v d th hn khi cc ch n ng cho Thornburg thm thi gian khi cng ty ang bn rn huy ng vn. Tuy nhin, n 1/5 nm nay, nhng n lc ca Thornburg dng li khi cng ty tuyn b h s np n theo Chng 11 v bn tt c s ti sn cn li tr gi 36,5 t USD. 9. Pacific Gas and Electric Sau khi chnh quyn bang California bi b nhiu quy nh trn th trng nng lng, hng lot v khng hong thuc ngnh ny lin tc xy ra trong hai nm 2001 v 2002. y l thi k kh khn cho Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E), nh cung cp nng lng cho h gia nh v doanh nghip chnh ti min nam California. Vi nng sut hot ng c hn v gi c sn xut in nng cao, PG&E phi np n xin bo h ph sn vo thng 6/4/2001.

Thng c bang Caliifornia lc , ng Gray Davis dng ngn sch ca bang cu nh sn xut iin nng, gy ra mt cuc tranh ci ln m kt cc tip theo l ng ny phi ra i. PG&E, vi tr gi ti sn 36 t USD, hon tt th tc ph sn vo thng 4/2004 sau khi tr khon n 10,2 t USD cho cc ch n. Ngy nay, PG&E ch yu bn gaz t nhin v in nng cho 15 triu khch hng. 10. Texaco Nm 1984, Cng ty Pennzoil gn nh hon tt th tc mua li Cng ty du m Getty Oil. Tuy nhin, Texaco "thc gy bnh xe", ph hng thng v kinh doanh ny bng cch cho gi mua cao hn. Pennzoil m n kin Texaco v ta n phn quyt Penzoil c bi thng 10 t USD. Tuy nhin, khon tin ny nm ngoi kh nng ca Texaco, y cng ty n kt cc phi np n xin ph sn vo 12/4/1987. H ly ca v vic ny cha dng li . Hng lot c ng ca Texaco kin chnh cng ty ca h v cho rng vic mua li Getty Oil l hon ton ng ngn. Sau mt thi gian Texaco mi thuyt phc c Penzoil gim s tin bi thng xung cn 3 t USD. Texaco hon tt th tc ph sn vo nm 1988 v b Chevron mua li vi gi 39 t USD. Thanh Bnh (theo CNN