Introduction

Ad-hoc is a latin phrase meaning For This. They use WiFi IEEE 802.11 and WiMAX IEEE 802.16 for Vehicle 2 Vehicle(V2V) & vehicle to infrastructure communication(V2I). No dependence on access points or routers. Data transfer takes place through all the nodes.

VANETS
Vehicular ad-hoc networks are wireless products. Some applications are vehicle safety, traffic management, location-based services such as finding the closest fuel station, restaurant & providing access to the Internet.

INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSYEM

Intelligent Vehicular Ad-hoc networks Vehicle acts as sender, reciever & router to broadcast information. Vehicle must have radio interface or Onboard units. It must also have GPS or radio network equipped in it.

INTER VEHICLE COMMUNICATION

They are of two types: Natural & Intelligent Broadcasting. NB-vehicles send messages periodically . Vehicle behind ignores it, vehicle in front sends its own message. IB-allows limited number of messages.

VEHICLE TO ROAD-SIDE COMMUNICATION

Single broadcast to all occupied vehicles in vicinity. The units are placed every km or less. Maintained data rate at heavy traffic . Provides periodic information of speed & directional limit .

ROUTING BASED COMMUNICATON

Message is sent in multiple paths until it reach the destination. After reaching the destination, sends uni cast message to the vehicle it received request from.

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES

Wireless communication: 802.11wireless LAN works even when cars moves at high speeds &V2V communication. Dedicated short range communication(DSRC)-Uses 802.11a & aims to provide high data rates. IEEE1609(WAVE)-Wireless Access In vehicular Environment uses 802.11p.It has two devices-RSUs & OnUs.

RESEARCH CHALLENGES

Routing Protocol

Secure Frameworks-Secure message exchange are required for communication. Broadcasting-Strong research area ,research have recently begun but not up to mark.

In US accidents resulted in 40,000deaths, 3,000,000 injuries & $150 billion financial loss. Safe travelling is a big issue in transportation system. Failure to detect Emergency service vehicle(ESVs). Implementation of automated collision avoidance system, inter vehicle communication.