TRNG CAO NG IN T - IN LNH H NI

KHOA: KHOA HC C BN

GIO N MN: PHNG PHP TNH

TN BI DY:

PHNG PHP NEWTN

GING VIN : CAO TH THANH L

 5. PHNG PHP NEWTON

(PHNG PHP TIP TUYN)
I. M t phng php:
th hm s y = f(x) l cung AB ct trc honh
ti M c honh chnh l nghim .
y
B

tnh gn ng ta
thay mt cch gn ng
cung AB bi tip tuyn
ti B c honh x0

B1
M
x2

0
A

x1

x0

Tip tuyn ny ct trc honh ti P1 c honh x1

cng l honh ca im B1 ca th
Tip tuyn ti B1 ct trc honh ti P2 c honh
x2
y

C nh vy tip
tuyn ct trc honh
ti im c honh
xn c th coi l gi tr
gn ng ca .

B1
M
x2

0
A

x1

x0

2. S TM TT PHNG PHP TIP TUYN

1. Cho phng trnh f(x) = 0

2. n nh sai s cho php

3. Tm khong phn li nghim [a;b] trong f(x) v

f(x) khng i du.

4. Chn im u x0
5.Tnh theo s :

f(x 0 )
Tnh x1 x 0
f' (x 0 )

Tnh e x1 x 0

e<

Thay x0=x1

Kt qu x1

f ( x1 )
x1
m
(trong 0 < m f(x) vi
Vi sai s:

Bi ton 1: Dng phng php tip tuyn gii

gn ng phng trnh: f(x) = x3-x-1 = 0
(1)
Bi gii:
1.Tm khong phn li nghim:
Phng trnh (1) c nghim phn li trong
khong [1;2]
(kt qu bi ton 2-Bi 2.2 hc)

2. p dng phng php tip tuyn:

f(x) =3.x2 1 2 > 0, x [1,2]
f(x) = 6x 6 > 0, x [1,2]
Chn x0: f(1) = -1 <0 tri du vi f(x)
f(2) = 5 > 0 cng du vi f(x)
Suy ra chn x0= 2 (p dng nh l 2.6)

 Tnh xn:

f ( xn )
xn1 xn
f ' ( xn )

f ( x0 )
5
x1 x0
2 1,5454545
f ' ( x0 )
11
f ( x1 )
x2 x1
1,359614916;....
f ' ( x1 )

n
0
1
2
3
4
5

xn
2
1,545454545
1,359614916
1,325801345
1,324719049
1,324717950

xn-xn-1
0,454545455
0,185839629
0,033813571
0,001082296
0,000001099

Ta c: f(x) 2, x[1;2] m 2
* Kt qu: nghim x5 1,32471795 vi sai s:
| f ( x5 ) | f (1,32471795)
x5

m
2

0,00000001545 2.10

Ch : trong thc t ngi ta thng dng qu

trnh khi: |xn-xn-1| < (sai s cho php).