THUYT MINH TI CP C S Phn 1: Thng tin chung v ti

1. Tn ti: Nghin cu, thit k v xy dng tuyn pht siu cao tn ng dng

trong thng tin v tinh c qu o thp

2. Hng khoa hc cng ngh: h thng thng tin v tuyn 3. Thi gian thc hin: T 01 thng 04 nm 2012 n 31 thng 12 nm 2012

4. Cp qun l: ti c s cp vin 5. Kinh ph: Tng s: 35.000.000 ( ba mi lm triu ng) Trong , t ngn sch SNKH 6.
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Ch nhim ti: H tn: Nguyn nh Dng Hc hm, hc v: Thc s Chc v: nghin cu vin in thoi: 0988646941 Email:

nddung1983@gmail.com
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a ch c quan cng tc: Phng vt l nng lng ti to

v cng ngh mi trng, Vin VLUD & TBKH

7.

n v ch tr ti: Vin Vt l ng dng & Thit b khoa hc in thoi: 04.38316893

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a ch: Nh A26 Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit

Nam, 18 Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H Ni. Phn 2: Ni dung KHCN ca ti 8.

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Mc tiu ca ti: Lm ch cng ngh thit k, ch to m un cng sut

pht siu cao tn bng tn VHF cng sut 1-5 W.

Nghin cu, thit k, ch to cc b to dao ng hot

ng trong di tn VHF, c tn s ph thuc vo in p (VCO), kt hp vi mch vng bm pha (PLL) tc cao to ra cc dao ng c n nh ngang vi thch anh v c kh nng chuyn tn mm do linh hot.
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Lm ch cng ngh, to tin xy dng cc h thng

pht cng sut hot ng ti bng tn VHF, UHF, C, Kudng cho thng tin lin lc. 9. Tng quan tnh hnh nghin cu, lun gii v mc tiu v nhng ni dung nghin cu ca ti: 9.1 Tng quan tnh hnh nghin cu: Trong nhiu nm tr li y, truyn thng v tuyn tr thnh lnh vc nghin cu ca nhiu nh khoa hc v nhiu t chc trn th gii. Hn th na, s ra i ca cc v tinh m thm nhiu hng nghin cu mi nh ng dng trong thng tin vin thng, quan st bin i kh hu, thng tin thi tit Vit Nam, vic phng thnh cng hai v tinh VINASAT-1 v VINASAT-2 l minh chng th hin s quan tm c bit ca ng v Nh nc v pht trin cng ngh v tr ni chung v ca thng tin lin lc v tinh ni ring. Theo chin lc nghin cu v ng dng cng ngh v tr ca chnh ph ra, n nm 2017 Vit Nam s phng v tinh quan st trc a vi Nht Bn, v ti nm 2020 th s hon ton lm ch phng ln qu o v tinh nh quan st tri t. Nh ng ti trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng, va qua v tinh con u tin ca Vit Nam c phng thnh cng ln qu o, chnh iu ny l bc mnh m cho vic pht trin khoa hc cng ngh v tr ni chung v pht trin nghin cu thit k ch to cc v tinh con (kch thc nh, trng lng < 50Kg) ni ring. C th ni vic pht trin cng ngh v tr theo hng nghin cu thit k ch to lm ch cng ngh v tinh con cho php quan st bin i tri t hay cnh bo sm tm thp (<300Km) thc s l bc i chin lc khng ch ca cc n v dn s nh FPT m cn phc v cho cc mc ch qun s, iu ny m ra nhng c hi tim nng v khoa hoc k thut cng nh kinh t cho t nc. Trn th gii hin nay, tro lu pht trin v tinh nh nhm phc v cc nhu cu kinh t, qun s, nghin cu khoa hc.. vi gi thnh r hn v tinh a tnh rt nhiu ang din ra rt mnh m. Vit Nam, FPT ang trin cc d n v tinh F-1 v mi nht l F-2, trong h thng ny v tinh hot ng trong di tn sng radio l VHF v UHF thc hin truyn thng gia trm mt t v v tinh. Chnh v yu cu cp bch ny, ti tp trung xy dng tuyn pht dng cho v tinh con qu o thp quan st tri t bin i kh hu hay cnh bo sm hot ng trong di tn VHF. M t h thng thng tin giao tip vi v tinh con:

Cu trc trm mt t iu khin v tinh c m t chi tit nh trong hnh 1. Hin ti, i vi v tinh F-1 ang s dng di tn VHF ( 145.980MHz ) v UHF (437.485MHz) nn trm mt t cng c thit k tng t. Vic la chn s dng sng radio pht s gip trnh c suy hao trn ng truyn i vi cc di bng tn cao hn nhng vn chng nhiu phi c quan tm.

Hnh 1: S h thng trm mt t iu khin v tinh qu o tm thp i vi h thng thng tin v tinh ni chung bao gm thnh phn chnh l: trm iu khin mt t (ground station), v thnh phn iu khin ngoi khng gian (space station). Thnh phn trm mt t c m t nh trn hnh 1, u tin l h thng angten n cc Yagi hot ng ti hai di bng tn VHF/UHF, ngoi ra cn c my thu VHF/UHF kt hp cng vi h thng mng my tnh cho php phn tch d liu thu c t v tinh. Ngoi cc thnh phn trn th mt h thng thng tin v tinh cn bao gm h thng thng tin lin lc c thit k hot ng ti di tn VHF/UHF theo tiu chun quy nh ca t chc Ground Station Network and Frequency Allocation Working Group. Tham s k thut ca h thng ny nh sau: 1. H thng lin lc s cp (COM1) My b m cm tay Yaesu VX-3R Di tn hot ng: VHF Cng sut pht: 1W Modem: Byonics Tiny Trachk4 (modulation: AFSK 1200kbps), halfduplex Downlink: Beacon, Science data Anten: Dipole

2. H thng lin lc th cp (COM2) My b m cm tay Yaesu VX-3R Di tn hot ng: UHF Cng sut pht: 1W Downlink: Science data, smartphone sensor data Uplink: TBD Anten: Dipole 9.2 Lun gii v mc tiu v ni dung nghin cu: Mc tiu nghin cu:

Th nht, trong xu th pht trin rt nhanh v mnh ca cc h thng thng tin v tinh cng nh nhu cu thng tin lin lc c ly ngn c cho dn s hay qun s v c bit l c hi tim nng cho cc h thng thng tin v tinh qu o thp, trong khi vic thit k ch to trong nc vn cn ph thuc nhiu vo cng ngh ca nc ngoi. Do , vic cp bch l cn nghin cu, nm bt lm ch k thut cng ngh trong lnh vc ny. Trong khun kh ti ny, nhm nghin cu tp trung xy dng tuyn pht cao tn, y l phn rt phc tp trong cc h thng thng tin lin lc. Th hai, vic lm ch cng ngh s gip ch to tuyn pht theo cu hnh m, cho php ci tin hiu nng ca h thng, nng cao cng sut h thng bng cc phng php t hp cng sut trn my hoc ngoi khng gian. Cui cng, tuyn pht cao tn c xy dng trn c ch nhy tn linh hot cho php thun tin mm do thay i tn s pht p ng cc nh cu bo mt thng tin. Hn na, cng c th a vo mt loi m tng tnh bo mt cho cc h thng thng tin lin lc m hin nay c nhiu n v quan tm. Ni dung nghin cu: L thuyt mch vng bm pha: 1. Vng bm pha PLL 1.1 PLL) Vng kho pha PLL l h thng vng kn hi tip, trong tn hiu hi tip dng kho tn s v pha ca tn hiu ra theo tn s v pha tn hiu vo. Tn hiu vo c th c dng tng t hnh sine hoc dng s. ng dng u tin ca PLL vo nm 1932 trong vic tch sng ng b. Ngy nay, nh cng ngh tch hp cao lm cho PLL c kch thc nh, tin cy cao, gi thnh r, d s dng. k thut PLL c ng dng rng ri trong cc mch lc, tng hp tn s, iu ch v gii iu ch, iu khin t ng v.v... C hng chc kiu vi mch PLL khc nhau, mt s c ch to ph thng a Tng quan v Vng kho pha (Phase Locked Loop -

dng, mt s c ng dng c bit nh tch m (Tone), gii m Stereo, tng hp tn s. Trc y a phn PLL bao gm c mch s ln tng t. Hin nay PLL s tr nn ph bin. 1.2 S khi

Hnh 2: S khi ca vng bm pha PLL + Tch sng pha: so snh pha gia tn hiu vo v tn hiu ra ca VCO to ra tn hiu sai lch Vd(t) + Lc thng thp: lc gn ca in p Vd(t) tr thnh in p bin i chm v a vo mch khuch i mt chiu + Khuch i mt chiu: khuch i in p mt chiu Vdk(t) a vo iu khin tn s ca mch VCO + VCO (Voltage Controled Oscillator): b dao ng m tn s ra c iu khin bng in p a vo. 1.3 Hot ng ca mch Nguyn l hot ng Vng kho pha hot ng theo nguyn tc vng iu khin m i lng vo v ra l tn s v chng c so snh vi nhau v pha. Vng iu khin pha c nhim v pht hin v iu chnh nhng sai s nh v tn s gia tn hiu vo v ra. Ngha l PLL lm cho tn s f o ca tn hiu VCO bm theo tn s f i ca tn hiu vo. Khi khng c tn hiu vi ng vo, in p ng ra b khuch i Vdc(t) =0, b dao ng VCO hot ng tn s t nhin fN c ci t bi in tr, t in ngoi. Khi c tn hiu vo vi , b tch sng pha so snh pha v tn s ca tn hiu vo vi tn hiu ra

.1

ca VCO. Ng ra b tch sng pha l in p sai lch Vd(t) , ch s sai bit v pha v tn s ca hai tn hiu. in p sai lch Vd(t) c lc ly thnh phn bin i chm Vdc(t) nh b lc thng thp LPF, khuch i thnh tn hiu Vdk(t) a n ng vo VCO, iu khin tn s VCO bm theo tn s tn hiu vo. n khi tn s f 0 ca VCO bng tn s fi ca tn hiu vo, ta ni b VCO bt kp tn hiu vo. Lc by gi s sai lch gia 2 tn hiu ny ch cn l s sai lch v pha m thi. B tch sng pha s tip tc so snh pha gia 2 tn hiu iu khin cho VCO hot ng sao cho s sai lch pha gia chng gim n gi tr b nht.
BL = fmax fmin BC = f2 f1 fN f1 f2 fmin f1 BC = f2 f1 fN f2 fmax

a/ Di bt

b/ Di kha Hnh 3: Di bt v Di kha

Di bt BC (Capture range): k hiu BC=f2- f1, l di tn s m tn hiu vo thay i nhng PLL vn t c s kho pha, ngha l b VCO vn bt kp tn s tn hiu vo. Ni cch khc, l di tn s m tn hiu vo ban u phi lt vo PLL c th thit lp ch ng b (ch kha). BC ph thuc vo bng thng LPF. PLL t c s kha pha th sai lch tn s (fi fN) phi nm trong bng thng LPF. Nu n nm ngoi bng thng th PLL s khng t c kha pha v bin in p sau LPF gim nhanh.

Hnh 4: in p sau b lc thng thp Gi s mch PLL t c ch kho, VCO ng b vi tn hiu vo. By gi ta thay i tn s tn hiu vo theo hng ln hn tn s VCO th VCO s bm theo. Tuy nhin khi tng n mt gi tr no th VCO s khng bm theo c na v quay

v tn s t nhin ban u ca n. Ta lm tng t nh trn nhng thay i tn s tn hiu vo theo hng nh hn tn s VCO. n mt gi tr no ca tn s tn hiu vo th VCO s khng bm theo c na v cng tr v tn s t nhin ca n. Di gi tr tn s t thp nht n cao nht ca tn hiu vo c gi l di kho. T ta nh ngha: Di kha BL (Lock range): k hiu BL=fmax- fmin, l di tn s m PLL ng nht c tn s f0 vi fi. Di ny cn gi l ng chnh (Tracking range). Cc tn s fmax, fmin tn s cc i v cc tiu m PLL thc hin c kha pha (ng b). Di kha ph thuc hm truyn t ( li) ca b tch sng pha, khuch i, VCO. N khng ph thuc vo p tuyn b lc LPF v khi PLL kha pha th fi- f0 = 0. Khi PLL cha kha pha: fi f0. Khi PLL kha pha: fi = f0. ch kha pha, dao ng f0 ca VCO bm ng b theo fi trong di tn kha BL rng hn di tn bt BC. V d: VCO ca mt vng kho pha PLL c tn s t nhin bng 12MHz. Khi tn s tn hiu vo tng ln t gi tr 0Hz th vng PLL kho ti gi tr 10MHz. Sau tip tc tng th n s b mt kho pha ti 16MHz. 1. Hy tm di bt v di kho. 2. Ta lp li cc bc trn nhng bt u vi tn s tn hiu vo c gi tr rt cao, sau gim dn. Hy tnh cc tn s m PLL thc hin kho pha v mt kho pha.
BL = fmax fmin BC = f2 f1 fN fmin f1 f2 fmax MHz

10

12

14

16

Hnh 5 : Di bt v di kha ca PLL 1. Di bt: Di kho: BC = f2 f1=2(12-10)=4MHz BL = fmax fmin=2(16-12)=8MHz

2. p ng ca vng PLL c tnh i xng, ngha l tn s t nhin ti trung tm ca di kho v di bt. Do , khi gim tn s tn hiu vo n 14MHz th PLL s bt u thc hin kho pha (VCO bm ui tn hiu vo). Tip tc gim tn s tn hiu vo

th n gi tr 8MHz PLL bt u mt kho pha (VCO khng bm cn bm ui tn hiu vo c na). Cc thnh phn ca PLL
a. B tch sng pha (Phase Detector):

Phase Detector cn gi l b so snh pha. C ba loi tch sng pha: 1. Loi tng t dng mch nhn c tn hiu ra t l vi bin tn hiu vo. 2. Loi s thc hin bi mch s EX-OR, RS Flip Flop v.v... c tn hiu ra bin i chm ph thuc rng xung ng ra tc l ph thuc sai lch v pha gia hai tn hiu vo. 3. Loi tch sng pha ly mu. 1/ B tch sng pha tng t:
vi = Asin( it + i)

Vd(t)

LPF

Vdc(t)

vi = 2cos( 0t + 0)

Hnh 6: Nguyn l hot ng ca b tch sng pha tng t

B i tn hay mch nhn thc hin nhn hai tn hiu. Ng ra ca n c in p:

Vd ( t ) = A sin[( i 0 )t + ( i 0 )] + A sin[( i + 0 )t + ( i + 0 )]

Qua b lc thng thp LPF, ch cn thnh phn tn s thp. Khi kha pha ( i= 0) c Vd = Asin ( i- 0). in p ny t l vi bin in p vo A v sai pha e= I-

0. Nu e nh, hm truyn t ca b tch sng pha coi nh tuyn tnh. Di kha gii
hn trong | e| </2. Ta c li tch sng pha k tnh c theo cng thc:
Vd k = A (V/radian) A

Asin( e)

-/2 /2

e (Radian)

-A

Hnh 7: Hm truyn t ca b tch sng pha tng t

2/ B tch sng pha s: Dng mch s EX-OR, R-S Flip Flop v.v... c p tuyn so snh pha dng:

Vd A -/2 /2 -A

e (radian)

Hnh 8: Hm truyn t ca b tch sng pha s p tuyn tuyn tnh trong khong | e| /2. li tch sng pha: k = A/(/2) = 2A/ Tch sng pha s EX-OR v p tuyn:
Vd Vd

/2

Tch sng pha s dng R-S Flip Flop v p tuyn:

S R e
0 2

Vd Vce

Vd

in p sai lch bin i chm Vd ti ng ra b tch sng pha s t l vi rng xung ng ra tc l t l sai lch v pha e (hay tn s tc thi) ca hai tn hiu vo. b. Lc thng thp LPF

LPF thng l mch lc bc 1, tuy nhin cng dng bc cao hn trit thnh phn AC theo yu cu. LPF c th dng mch th ng hay tch cc.
C R R1 Rf

Ng ra b tch sng pha C gm nhiu thnh phn f0, fi, fi-f0, fi+f0, v.v... Sau LPF ch cn thnh phn tn s rt thp (fi-f0) n b khuch i iu khin tn s VCO bm theo fi. Sau vi vng iu khin hi tip PLL c ng b (kha pha) fi=f0, tn s phch (fi-f0)=0. Vng kha pha hot ng chnh xc khi tn s vo fi, f0 thp khong vi trm KHz tr li. c. Khuch i mt chiu Khuch i tn hiu bin i chm (DC) sau b lc thng thp LPF. li khuch i kA.
Rf
Rc

Vd

R1 Vd V0 R1 kA = -Rf/R1 Rf

Re

kA = -RC / (RE + re)

kA = 1 + Rf/R1

Hnh 9: Khuch i mt chiu d. VCO (Voltage controlled oscillator) L mch dao ng c tn s c kim sot bng in p . Yu cu chung ca mch VCO l quan h gia In p iu khin Vdk(t) v tn s ra fo(t) phi tuyn tnh. Ngoi ra mch cn c n nh tn s cao, di bin i ca tn s theo in p vo rng, n gin, d iu chnh v thun li cho vic t hp thnh vi mch (khng c in cm). V nguyn tc c th dng mi mch dao ng l tn s dao ng c th bin thin c trong phm vi 10% 50% xung quanh tn s dao ng t do. Tuy nhin cc b dao ng to xung ch nht c s dng rng ri v loi ny c th lm vic trong phm vi tn s kh rng (t 1MHz n khong 100MHz). Trong phm vi t 1MHz n 50MHz thng dng cc mch dao ng a hi.

+Vcc

Rc

Rc Vo, fo

R Vdk

-Vcc

Hnh 10: Mch VCO tiu biu Hnh 10 biu din mt mch VCO dao ng a hi tiu biu. Khi ni u Iu khin Vdk vi Vcc th y l mt mch dao ng a hi thng thng, khi tch ra v t in p Iu khin Vdk vo u th tn s dy xung ra bin thin theo in p Vdk. C th nu Vdk tng th thi gian phng np ca t gim do tn s ra tng v ngc li. Ta c c tuyn truyn t fo(Vdk) c biu din nh hnh 11

Hnh 11: c trng truyn t fo (Vdk) ca VCO NG DNG CA VNG KHO PHA PLL

B tng hp tn s n Nh cp trong cc chng trc, trong cc my pht hoc cc my thu i tn cn c cc mch dao ng c th thay i tn s pht hoc thu cc knh khc nhau. Trc y, ngi ta thc hin thay i tn s mch dao ng LC bng cch thay i gi tr ca L hoc C. Lc chng c gi l cc mch dao ng c th thay i tn s VFO (Variable-frequency Oscillators). Tuy nhin, mch dao ng thng khng c n nh cao trong mt di tn s rng do gi tr ca L v C thng thay i theo nhit , m v cc tc nhn khc. ng thi chng thng cng knh v gi thnh cao. Vic s dng thch anh trong mch dao ng c th tng n nh tn s dao ng ln rt cao, di tn tng i c th gim n vi phn triu trong khong thi gian di. Tuy nhin, tn s ca chng ch c th thay i rt nh bng cch thay i cc t ni tip hoc song song. Ngha l n khng to ra c cc tn s khc bit nhau. Nhiu nm gn y ngi ta kt hp cc mch dao ng thch anh c tn s n nh vi cc chuyn mch to ra cc tn s khc nhau cho cc knh. Tuy nhin, gii php ny cng tn nhiu linh kin v gi thnh cao. Gn y, ngi ta thit k v a vo s dng cc b tng hp tn s da trn nguyn l vng kho pha PLL. N cng ngy cng ph bin v c dng trong hu ht cc my thu pht hin i do tnh gn nh, khng yu cu chnh xc c kh cao, ng dng cc thnh qu ca cng ngh sn xut vi mch nng cao tc v tnh chnh xc ca cc IC ch to nn PLL. ng thi khi kt hp vi thch anh, n c kh nng to ra di tn rng, chnh xc cao, gi thnh thp
fref
B so snh pha

f0 = Nfref
LPF VCO

f0/N N

Hnh 12: B tng hp tn s n B tng hp tn s n c thit k bng cch a tn hiu chun t dao ng thch anh vo so pha mt mch PLL c b chia lp trnh c nh hnh 12. Khi PLL thc

hin kho pha, th ta c f ref = 74192.

f VCO Suy ra f VCO = Nf ref = f o . V d b m lp trnh N

iu ny c ngha l khi ta thay i N t b chia s nhn c cc tn s ra khc nhau. H s N c th c chn gi tr khc nhau bng cch thay i in p mt vi chn ca IC chia. Do b tng hp tn s ny c th c iu khin d dng nh my tnh hoc iu khin t xa. ng thi, gim c gi thnh v phc tp so vi cc b tng hp tn s s dng L,C trc y. Khuyt im duy nht ca mch ny l n ch to ra cc tn s bng bi s ca tn s chun f o = Nf ref . Chng hn, khi fref=100KHz th mch s to ra c cc tn s bng bi s ca 100KHz. iu ny ph hp vi chng trnh pht qung b FM trong khong cch gia cc knh bng 200KHz. Trong khi , n khng ph hp vi chng trnh pht qung b AM trong khong cch knh l 10KHz (thch anh khng th dao ng di tn s 100 KHz). Bc thay i tn s ti thiu gi l phn gii ca b tng hp tn s. khc phc, ngi ta s dng mt b chia c nh chia nh tn s chun trc khi a vo b tch sng pha nh hnh v.

Hnh 13: B tng hp tn s c tn s ra thp L thuyt mch khuch i cao tn:

Hnh 14 S mch khuch i siu cao tn in hnh i vi cao tn, th l thuyt thit k khuch i hon ton khc vi cc thit k tn s thp hn, i hi ngi thit k ngoi vic nm vng cc phng php thit k cn phi

nm vng bn cht vt l ca l thuyt ng truyn, hn na trong cc thit k li i hi phi c s sng to da trn nn tng l thuyt vng chc. o L thuyt ng truyn ng dy truyn sng l ng truyn dn nng lng sng in t, l hnh thc qu gia mch in gm cc phn t tp trung tn s thp (L, C, R) v ng dn sng siu cao tn. ng dy truyn sng c coi l mch in c phn t phn b nhng n c th c biu din theo s ca mch in vi cc phn t tp trung. i vi mch c cc phn t tp trung, ta c th phn tch bng l thuyt mch kinh in, vi gi thit rng khi c mt in p t vo, lp tc tc dng ca n s c th hin ng thi ti mi im trong mch. Trong mt mch vng kn, khi c mt dng in chy th mi im trong mch vng y, bin v pha ca dng u nh nhau. Thc ra, trong mt mch in, nng lng in t truyn lan vn c mt tc nht nh. Thnh ra, khi kch thc ca mch, ngha l chiu di cc dy ni, c gi tr so snh c vi bc sng, th ti cc im khc nhau trong mch, dng in (v in p) s c pha khc nhau. l do c hin tng tr theo thi gian. Khi y, dng l thuyt mch thng thng s khng cho kt qu chnh xc v cc khi nim cm khng, dung khng cng khng ng na. Khi vic truyn nng lng trong mt mch in phi mt mt thi gian ng k no th mch in c xp vo loi mch c phn t phn b. Ta c th hiu rng khi trong mch in cao tn c ng dy truyn sng m chiu di ca dy c gi tr bng mt phn s ng k ca bc sng th mch c coi l mt h c phn t phn b. Th hin chnh ca khi nim ny l trn ng dy xut hin sng ng ca in p (v dng in), ng thi tr khng vo ca ng dy thay i theo tn s. CCH BIU DIN MT H C PHN T PHN B THEO S CA H C PHN T TP TRUNG Thng thng, mt ng dy truyn sng c th c m t nh mt h gm h gm 2 dy dn song song. l v khi truyn dn sng TEM ta phi c t nht 2 vt dn. Mt phn t rt ngn ca ng dy c di z (hnh15a) c th c biu din bi mt mng 4 cm n gin gm cc phn t tp trung (hnh 15b)

HNH 15 Biu din mch tng ng ca mt on ng truyn sng siu cao tn Trong : R - in tr ni tip trn mt n v di ca c hai dy, m L - in cm ni tip trn mt n v di ca c hai dy, H m G - in dn song song trn mt n v di, S m C - in dung song song trn mt n v di, F m Cch biu din ny l c th chp nhn c v nh trn ta gi thit, on dy c chiu di rt ngn nn thi gian sng truyn qua l khng ng k, ging nh khi truyn qua mng c phn t tp trung. Tuy nhin, khng th dng 1 mng 4 cm n gin i din cho c dy truyn sng v thi gian cn thit nng lng truyn theo ng dy ln hn nhiu so vi thi gian truyn qua mng n gin. Khi , biu din mt h c phn t phn b (ng dy truyn sng) ta c th dng mt chui lin tip cc mng 4 cm n gin hnh hay T i xng nh hnh 16.

HNH 16

Mng n gin hnh T hay i xng ca ng truyn sng siu cao tn

PHNG TRNH VI PHN CA NG DY Xt mt on rt ngn z ca ng dy truyn sng. S tng ng ca on dy vi cc gi tr in p v dng in c hin th nh hnh 1.1b. p dng nh lut Kirchhoff, ta c th vit cc h thc sau y i vi in p v dng in trn on mch, ti cc thi im t: i vi in p ta c:
V ( z, t ) RzI ( z , t ) Lz

I ( z , t ) V ( z + z, t ) = 0 t V ( z, t ) I ( z + z , t ) = 0 t

(1.1)

i vi dng in:
I ( z , t ) GzV ( z, t ) Cz

(1.2)

K hiu:

V ( z + z , t ) V ( z, t ) = V I ( z + z , t ) I ( z, t ) = I

Chia (1.1) v (1.2) cho z v cho z dz , ta nhn c: V ( z , t ) I ( z, t ) = RI ( z, t ) L z t I ( z , t ) V ( z, t ) = GV ( z, t ) C z t i vi tn hiu hnh sin, tn s ta c th vit: I V = iI ; = iV t t Thay vo (1.3) v (1.4) ta nhn c:
V ( z ) = ( R + iL) I ( z ) z I ( z ) = (G + iC )V ( z ) z

(1.3) (1.4)

(1.5) (1.6)

Thay

Z = R + iL Y = G + iC

(1.7)

ta c th vit li (1.5) v (1.6):

V = IZ Z I = VY Z

(1.8)

 tch ring bin s, ta em vi phn (1.8) theo vt liu v bin i n gin s nhn c z phng trnh ring bit i vi V v I:
2V ( z ) = ( ZY )V ( z ) 2 z 2 I ( z) = ( ZY ) I ( z ) 2 z

(1.9)

Phng trnh (1.8) h phng trnh vi phn bc 2 ca V v I cho php tnh V, I ti cc im bt k trn ng dy khi bit cc thng s Z, Y ca ng dy v cc iu kin bin. o L thuyt phi hp tr khng Phi hp tr khng l mt vn rt quan trng ca k thut vi ba, l mt phn ca qu trnh thit k mch lin h thng siu cao tn da trn c s p dng nhng kin thc v l thuyt ng dy truyn sng. Ni dung ca phi hp tr khng c minh ho hnh 4.1, trong s dng mt mch phi hp t gia ti v ng truyn dn sng. Mch phi hp thng l mt mch khng tn hao trnh lm gim cng sut v c thit k sao cho tr khng vo nhn t ng truyn c gi tr bng tr khng sng Zo ca ng truyn. Khi y s phn x sng pha tri ca mch phi hp v pha ng truyn dn s khng cn na, ch cn trong phm vi gii hn gia ti v mch phi hp, cng c th l phn x qua li nhiu ln. Qu trnh phi hp cng c coi l qu trnh iu chnh.
Z0 Mch phi hp Ti ZL

Hnh 17 Mch phi hp tr khng khng tn hao gia tr khng ti bt k v ng truyn dn sng S phi hp tr khng hay iu chnh l quan trng v nhng l do sau : Khi thc hin phi hp tr khng cng sut truyn cho ti s t c cc i cn tn tht trn ng truyn l cc tiu. Phi hp tr khng s gip ci thin t s tn hiu/tp nhiu ca h thng khc trong h thng s dng cc phn t nhy cm nh anten, b khuch i tp m thp

i vi mng phn phi cng sut siu cao tn (v d mng tip in cho dn anten gm nhiu phn t), phi hp tr khng s lm gim sai s v bin v pha khi phn chia cng sut.

Phi hp tr khng dng phn t tp trung

Hnh 18 S phi hp tr khng in hnh dng phn t tp trung

Hnh 19 Cc kiu phi hp tr khng dng phn t tp trung L thuyt mch lc cao tn: Lc Thng Thp Kiu lc hnh ch T hng s k Lc Thng Cao Kiu lc hnh ch T hng s k

C = 2 / cR 0 c = 2 / LC Kiu lc hnh ch T theo h s m

R0 = L / C

L = 2R0 / c

C = 1/ 2cR 0 c = 1 / 2 LC Kiu lc hnh ch T theo h s m

R0 = L / C

L = R0 / 2c

Gi tr L,C ging nh trng hp trn vi sharp-cutoff vi ) 1 (c / sharp-cutoff m= vi phi hp tr khng vi 0.6 phi hp tr khng B lc hnh i xng

Gi tr L,C ging nh trng hp trn 1 ( / c ) m= 0.6 B lc hnh i xng

Bng 1 Tng hp cc kiu thit k b lc

1. Phng php nghin cu v k thut s dng:

Phng php nghin cu, k thut s dng: Nh trnh by trn mc ch ca ti l lm ch cng ngh li, t cng ngh li ny, chng ta c th pht trin xy dng mt h thng hon chnh khng ch cho thu pht thng tin v tuyn hot ng ti di tn VHF m c th xy dng h thng thng tin hot ng ti bng tn cao hn. Chnh v l do ny, nhm nghin cu la chn i theo phng php thit k h thng truyn thng theo cc bc thit k m phng ch to trn c s thc hin cc gii php thit k siu cao tn s dng cng c tnh ton l th Smith, thit k mch phi hp tr khng cho b khuch i hot ng ti di tn UHF dng L-network hoc dng mch di (microstrip).

Hnh 20: Cc s phi hp tr khng dng LC

Hnh 21: Phi hp tr khng dng mch di Sau phn thit k, nhm nghin cu s dng cng c m phng cao tn chuyn dng, khng ch cho php ngi thit k nh gi cc phng n phi hp tr khng v mt nguyn l m cn cho php m phng cc tham s nh hng bc x trn s mch in cao tn. Cch thc ny khng ch gip cho cc thit k mang tnh chuyn nghip m cn gip ngi k s ti u ha gim thiu thi gian v gi thnh thit k l iu m nhm nghin cu c bit quan tm.

V _DC SRC2 V dc =2.5 V

V _DC S RC1 V dc=48 V

M S ub MS U B MS ub1 H =1.6 mm E r=4.34 Mur=1 C ond=1.0E +50 H u=3.9e+034 mil T=0.025 mm TanD =0 R ough=0 mil

S -P A R A M E TE R S S _ P aram SP1 S tart=0.01 G H z S top=1 G H z S tep=0.01 G H z

Var Eqn

VAR VAR1 X =4.7 O hm {t}

C C C C C 20 C 19 C 18 17 C C =100=1 C =10=1 uF C pF nF C nF

L L2 L=10 nH R= R R 16 R =100 O hm

L L1 L =10 nH R=

C C 25 C =430 pF { t} Term Term1 N um=1 Z=50 O hm

M L IN M LIN TL10 TL 11 S ubs t="M SSub1" t="M S ub1" ubs W =3 mm W =3 mm L =6 mm L=6 mm C C3 C =10 pF M LIN M LIN TL 9 TL 8 S ubs t="MS ubs t="M S ub1" S ub1" W =3 mm W =3 mm L=6 mm L=6 mm

C C1 C =200 pF

TL IN P 4 TL 1 Z=50.0 O hm L=130 mm K =2.1 A =0.0001 F=0.2 G H z C TanD =0.002 C2 Mur=1 C =200 TanM =0 pF S igma=0

TLIN P 4 TL20 Z=37.5 O hm L =103 mm K =2.1 A =0.0001 F=0.2 G H z TanD =0.002 M ur=1 TanM =0 S igma=0

R R 11 R =X O hm R R 10 M LIN M LIN M L IN R =X O hm TL2 TL6 TL4 C S ubs t="M S ub1" R R S ubs t="M S ub1" S ubs t="M S ub1" L R9 W =11 mm R 7 L 3 W =6 mm C 4 C W =9 mm C =47 pF L =10 mm R =330 O hm R R =X L =6 mm C 5 L=4 mm L =2 nH { t} R8 R= C =47 pF R =X R R3 R =X R M L IN R2 TL5 R S ubs t="M S ub1" =X R W =9 mm R5 L=4 mm R =X R R4 R =X

TL IN P 4 TL 22 Z=37.5 O hm L=103 mm TL=2.1 4 K IN P TL=0.0001 A 24 Z=37.5 O hm F=0.2 mm L=103G H z TanD =0.002 K =2.1 Mur=1 A =0.0001 TanM =0 F=0.2 G H z S igma=0 TanD =0.002 Mur=1 TanM =0 S igma=0 M LIN TL16 S ubs t="M S ub1" C C W =8 mm C 6 C 7 L =13.5 mm C =4.7C =4.7 pF { pF {t} t}

M LIN M LIN TL 12 TL 14 S ubs t="M S ub1" ubs t="M S ub1" S W =14 mm W =8 mm L=7.5 mm L=3 mm

C C 11 C =1.0 nF

R RC R 12 R C 10 13 R =10 R =10 O hm O hm C =1.0 nF

C C 24 C =470 pF { t} C C 23 C =470 pF { t}

TLIN P 4 TL21 Z=37.5 O hm L =103 mm K =2.1 A =0.0001 F=0.2 G H z TanD =0.002 M ur=1 TanM =0 S igma=0

M LIN TL7 S ubs t="MS ub1" W =6 mm L =6 mm

M LIN TL3 S ubs t="M S ub1" W =11 mm L =10 mm

N X P _ B LF578_ v0p3 X1 M LIN M LIN TL 13 TL 15 S ubs t="M S ub1" ubs t="M S ub1" S W =14 mm W =8 mm L=7.5 mm L=3 mm R R 19 R =100 O hm TL IN P 4 TL 23 Z=37.5 O hm L=103 4 TL IN P mm K =2.1 TL 25 A =0.0001 Z=37.5 O hm F=0.2 G H z L=103 mm TanD =0.002 K =2.1 Mur=1 A =0.0001 TanM =0 F=0.2 G H z S igma=0 TanD =0.002 Mur=1 TanM =0 S igma=0

M LIN TL17 S ubs t="M S ub1" W =8 mm L =13.5 mm

TL IN P 4 TL 26 Z=50 O hm L =65 mm K =2.1 A =0.0001 F=0.2 G H z TanD =0.002 M ur=1 TanM =0 S igma=0

C C C9 C8 C =6.8CpF pF =6.8

C C 21 C =150 pF {t} Term Term2 N um=2 Z=50 O hm

C C 13 C =100 pF

C C 14 C =1 nF

C C C 15 C 16 C =10 nF C =1 uF

Hnh 22: M phng mch khuch i siu cao tn dng phn mm thit k
m 1 fre = 2 0 M z q 0 .0 H d (S(2 ))= 5 3 B ,1 1 .8 6
2 0

m 1

dB(S(2,1))

0 -2 0 -4 0 -6 0 -8 0 0 .0 0 .2 0 .4 0 .6 0 .8 1 .0

fre , G z q H

Hnh 23: Kt qu m phng nguyn l Khi p ng yu cu t ra cho cc thit k cng nh ti u ha thit k th nhm nghin cu thc hin bc tip theo l ch to cc m un dng my phay mch in cao tn c lp trnh sn cho php cc thit k c ch to chnh xc theo n v %mm (mi phay 0.8mm). Khu cui cng nhng cng mang tnh quan trng l kim nghim m un thnh phn xem chng c p ng yu cu v bng thng, im nn 1dB, vng hot ng tuyn tnh..., trc khi ghp ni thnh h thng hon chnh. Trong phn ny, nhm nghin cu s thc hin o c cc tham s ca h thng theo ng cc tham s khuyn

co ca cc m un pht thng tin v tuyn trn th trng Tnh mi, tnh c o, tnh sng to: C nhiu phng n thit k h thng pht siu cao tn, tuy nhin so vi cc cng ngh c dng n in t lm cho thit k tr nn cng knh v hiu sut khng cao, th trong ti ny nhm nghin cu xut la chn thit k dng bng bn dn cho php t cng sut tng i ln cng nh nh gn trong thit k, cng sut tiu tn thp, gi thnh r hn. Ci mi c o sng to trong ti ny khng ch nm trong cc thit k cao tn di rng (tng i phc tp i vi nh thit k v phi tnh ton n nh hng ca nhiu ln b khuch i), b to dao ng nhy tn linh hot m n cn nm vic thit k m un theo cu hnh m cho php t hp thnh h thng pht cng sut ln hn bng cc phng php t hp cng sut trong my hoc trong khng gian dng angten mng pha.. Ngoi ra vic xy dng quy trnh thit k cn cho php nhm nghin cu lm ch cng ngh ch to mt cch bi bn nhng cng khng km phn chuyn nghip. 2. Hp tc quc t thc hin ti: khng c
3. Tin thc hin ti

Ni dung Sn phm phi t Thi gian 1 m un to dao ng 4 thng cao tn kt hp vng kha pha chuyn tn 2 linh hot 01 b lc cng sut 2 thng 20W hot ng trong 3 di tn VHF m un khuch i 4 thng cng sut hot ng trong di tn VHF

Cn b thc hin

Phn 3: Kt qu, sn phm ca ti 4. Sn phm ti

TT Tn sn phm 1 m un to dao ng cao tn kt hp vng kha pha chuyn 2 tn linh hot 01 b lc cng sut 20W 3 hot ng trong di tn VHF m un khuch i cng sut hot ng trong di tn VHF

S lng 01

Ch tiu khoa hc, ch Thi tiu k thut

gian

hon thnh 4 thng

01

2 thng

02

6 thng

5. Kh nng v phng thc ng dng kt qu ti Thit b c th ng dng trong lnh vc thng tin v tuyn ni chung, thng tin v tinh con ni ring. Phn 4: Cc t chc v c nhn tham gia thc hin ti 6. Danh sch nhng cn b thc hin ti ( h v tn, trch nhim trong ti, c quan cng tc, s thng lm vic cho ti)
a.

Nguyn nh Dng, ch nhim ti

- n v: Phng nng lng ti to, Vin VLUD & TBKH - Thi gian lm vic cho ti: 6 thng
b.

V Quc Tun, cn b chuyn mn

- n v: Phng o lng tin hc, Vin VLUD & TBKH - Thi gian lm vic cho ti: 6 thng Phn 5: Kinh ph thc hin ti
2. Tng kinh ph cho ti: 35.000.000 ( ba mi lm triu ng)

D TON KINH PH THEO MC LC NGN SCH

Mc

Ni dung

Tng kinh ph

KP 2011

A B

Kinh ph c khon 35.000.000 35.000.000 Kinh ph khng c khon 0 0 Tng cng 35.000.000 35.000.000 Chi ph mua vt t, thit b Chi ph thu khon chuyn mn thu gia cng c kh.

GII TRNH KINH PH TT 1 2 3 Mc 7001 7012 7049 Ni dung Chi ph mua vt t, thit b Chi ph thu khon chuyn mn Thu gia cng c kh Tng cng Tng kinh ph 10.000.000 5.000.000 5.000.000 20.000.000 KP 2012 10.000.000 5.000.000 5.000.000 20.000.000

Ngy 03 thng 04 nm 2012 Th trng n v ch tr Ch nhim ti

Nguyn nh Dng

TI LIU THAM KHO Ting Vit: [1] GS.TSKH Phan Anh. Gio trnh l thuyt v k thut siu cao tn, B mn Thng tin v tuyn, Khoa in t - Vin thng, Trng i Hc Cng Ngh. [2] GS.TSKH Phan Anh. Trng in t v truyn sng, NXB i Hc Quc Gia H Ni, H Ni. [3] Ths V Tun Anh. Lun vn cao hc, Trung tm nghin cu in t - Vin thng, Trng i Hc Cng Ngh. [4] TS Trung Kin, lun n tin s, b mn Vt l v tuyn HKHTN - HQGHN [5] Gio trnh cng ngh thng tin v tinh, Tp on bu chnh vin thng. [6] PGS.TS Hong Th Tu, C s xy dng i ra a cnh gii, NXB qun i nhn dn, H ni 2002. [7] Phm Minh Vit. K thut siu cao tn, NXB Khoa hc k thut, H Ni. [8] PGS.TS Trn Quang Vinh Ths. Ch Vn An, Nguyn l k thut in t, NXB gio dc, H Ni.

Ting Anh: [9] David M.Pozar, Microwave engineering, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [10] Guillermo Gonzalez, Microwave transistor amplifiers, Prentice Hall. [11] W. Alan Davis, Radio Frequency Circuit Design, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [12] Kai chang, Encyclopedia of RF and Microwave Enginneering, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. V mt s ti liu, bo , tp ch khc trn mng.