Nhm 11

B CNG THNG
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP H NI
KHOA : IN T

N MN HC
TI: O TC NG C HIN TH LCD .

Gio vin hng dn:

C V Th Thu Hng
Sinh vin thc hin:
1.Nguyn Xun Ha
2.o Hu Sc
3.Nguyn Thnh Lun

in t 2 K4
1

Nhm 11

LI NI U

K thut vi iu khin hin nay rt pht trin, n c ng dng vo rt

nhiu lnh vc sn xut cng nghip, t ng ha, trong i sng v cn nhiu lnh
vc khc na. So vi k thut s th k thut vi iu khin nh gn hn rt nhiu do
n c tch hp li v c kh nng lp trnh c iu khin. Nn rt tin dng
v c ng. Vi tnh u vit ca vi iu khin th trong phm vi n nh ny, em
ch dng vdk o v khng ch nhit , ng thi cho hin th ln LCD.
Mc ch ca ti hng n: to ra bc u cho sinh vin th nghim
nhng ng dng ca vdk trong thc tin ri t tm ti, pht trin nhiu ng
dng khc trong i sng hng ngy cn n.
Vic thc hin xong n mn hc bng cc kin thc hc, mt s sch
tham kho v mt s ngun ti liu khc nn khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. V
vy nhm rt mong c s gp ca thy c v cc bn.

in t 2 K4
2

Nhm 11

Mc lc
trang
Li ni u.
..................................................................................................................................
2
Mc lc.
..................................................................................................................................
3
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
Chng I>Tng quan thit k phn cng cho n.
......................................4
I. s khi tng qut .
4
II. Cc vi mch chnh s dng trong tng khi v nguyn l hot
ng tng khi..........................................
....................................................................5
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................nguyn l hot ng tng
khi............................................................
Chng II >Lp trnh cho vi iu khin.
.................................................................................................................................
14
1. s gii thut.................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
14
2. code lp trnh.......................................................................................

in t 2 K4
3

Nhm 11

CHNG 1:TNG QUAN THIT K PHN CNG CHO N

2> s nguyn l.

II. CC VI MCH CHNH S DNG TRONG N

1.trong khi cm bin: c LM35;

2.Trong khi iu ch v khuch i: LM358;
3.Trong khi chuyn i: ADC 0804;
4.Trong khi x l trung tm: AT89C52;
5.khi hin th: LCD ;
6.Khi iu khin (khng ch): h thng cc phm nhn.
in t 2 K4
4

Nhm 11

7.u ra ng dng: (n gin) l cc led hin th.

III. CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG C BN CA TNG VI MCH.

1> Cm bin nhit LM35.
1.1 Nguyn l hot ng chung ca IC o nhit .

IC o nhit l mt mch tch hp nhn tn hiu nhit chuyn thnh tn

hiu in di dng dng in hay in p. Da vo c tnh rt nhy ca cc bn
dn vi nhit , to ra in p hoc dng in t l thun vi nhit tuyt i.
o tn hiu in ta bit c gi tr ca nhit cn o. S tc ng ca nhit
to ra in tch t do v cc l trng trong cht bn dn. Bng s ph v cc phn
t, bt cc electron thnh dng t do di chuyn qua vng cu trc mng tinh th to
s xut hin cc l trng. Lm cho t l in t t do v l trng tng ln theo quy
lut hm m vi nhit .
+LM135, LM35
Ng ra l in p.
nhy 10mv/10C
Sai s cc i 1,50C khi nhit ln hn 1000C.
Phm vi s dng :00 C=>1000 C

2> Khuch i LM358;

a, cu to
LM358 gm c 2 con khuch i thut ton:
Con th 1: chn 2 ,3 vo, chn 1ra;
Con th 2: chn 5,6 vo, chn 7 ra;
Cng dng: khuch i in p v dng in nhn c t LM35 sau chuyn tip
n u vo IN ca ADC 0804;
LM358
S mch nh sau:

in t 2 K4
5

Nhm 11
b, tnh ton v cn chnh
+ti OA2:
0 Un Un Ur
Xt ti: N2:
=
R3
R4
R3 + R 4
=>Ur=Un .
.
R3
Uv Up Up
Xt ti P2:
=
.
R1
R2
R2
=> Up=Uv .
R1 + R 2
M coi nh OA l tng.
Uv=Up;
R3 + R 4
R2
Ur=Uv.
.
;
R3
R1 + R 2
Do in p u ra ca b khuch i ch gii hn trong khong t 0-5V khi dng
ngun n. Nn chn gi tr R2= R4=3,9 K
R1=R3= 1 K ;
Khi Ur=Vin 4Uv;
3> b chuyn i tng t-s: ADC 0804;
a, cu to
ADC 0804 l mt b chuyn i tng t s. Gm c 20 chn.
DB0-DB7: l 8 chn ra d liu.
RD: li vo c
WR :li vo ghi.
INTR: li ra ngt.
CLKR/CLKIN: cc li vo iu khin xung nhp.
VIN: li vo analog dng
b, s

c, tnh ton v cn chnh.

Chn in tr R11 v t C4 cho b dao ng ca ADC0804.
R11=10k v C=15pf.
in t 2 K4
6

Nhm 11
256
xVin.;
5
Vin.100
T0 cn o=
vi K l h s khuch i qua IC LM358.
K
d, nguyn l hot ng
C u ra s: N=

DB0- DB7: cc li ra s, d liu chuyn i xut hin trn 8bit ny. B bin i c
phn gii l 5/256=19,53 mV.
RD :l chn iu khin c d liu. RD=0: c d liu li ra.
RD=1: khng c d liu li ra.
WR: bnh thng mc logic cao, v li vo ny s c ko xung mc thp, sau
li tr v mc cao bt u qu trnh chuyn i.
INTR: l li ra ngt ca b bin i A/D. 1 sn xung m c to ln chn ny
khi qu trnh chuyn i kt thc. Li ra ny thng c s dng to ra mt
ngt trong vi iu khin sao cho d liu chuyn i c th c c.
ADC 0804 cha mt b dao ng bn trong v cn c 1 t in v 1in tr bn
ngoi ni chn CLKR v CLKIN khi ng b dao ng.
VIN l chn li vo ca in p tng t.
Bt 0 v 1 ca ADC phi c in tr ko ln, do li ra b iu khin ti nhng chn
ny khng c sn in tr ko ln.
CC BC CA QU TRNH CHUYN I.
t WR =RD=1;
Bt u bin i. t WR=0, tr( )ms.
t li WR=1;
Pht hin im kt thc ca qu trnh bin i khi INTR xung mc thp.
(c s dng bi ngt)
t RD=0 v c d liu t DB0=>DB7.
t RD=1. => kt thc chu trnh.
4> vi iu khin AT89C52;
a, cu to v chc nng cc khi ca AT89S52.
CPU( CPU centralprocessing unit) bao gm:
Thanh ghi tch ly A;
Thanh ghi tch ly ph B;
n v logic hc (ALU);
Thanh ghi t trng thi chng trnh;
Bn bng thanh ghi;
Con tr ngn xp
B nh chng trnh( ROM) gm 8Kbyte Flash.
B nh d liu( RAM) gm 256 byte.
B UART, c chc nng truyn nhn ni tip.
3 b Timer/Counter 16 bit thc hin chc nng nh thi v m s kin.
Khi iu khin ngt vi 2 ngun ngt ngoi v 4 ngun ngt trong.
in t 2 K4
7

Nhm 11

B lp trnh( ghi chng trnh ln Flash ROM) cho php ngi s dng c th np
cc chng trnh cho chp m khng cn cc b np chuyn dng.
B chia tn s vi h s chia l 12.
4 cng xut nhp vi 32 chn.
b, chc nng cc chn ca AT89C52
Port 0( P0.0=>P0.7)
Port 0 gm 8 chn, ngoi chc nng xut nhp, port 0 cn l bus a hp d liu v a
ch( AD0-AD7), chc nng ny s c s dng khi 89c52 giao tip vi cc thit b
ngoi c kin trc Bus nh cc vi mch nh, mch PIO
Port 1( P1.0=>P1.7)
Chc nng duy nht ca Port 1 l chc nng xut nhp cng nh cc Port khc. Port1
c th xut nhp theo bit v theo byte.
Port 2( P2.0=>P2.7)
Port 2 ngoi chc nng l cng vo/ra nh Port 0 v 1 cn l byte cao ca bus a ch
khi s dng b nh ngoi.
Port 3
Mi chn trn Port 3 ngoi chc nng xut nhp cn c mt chc nng ring, c th
nh sau:

Bit
Tn
Chc nng
P3.0
RXD
D liu nhn cho Port ni tip
P3.1
TXD
D liu truyn cho Port ni tip
P3.2
INT0
Ngt bn ngoi 0
P3.3
INT1
Ngt ngoi 1
P3.4
TO
Ng vo ca Timer/counter0
P3.5
T1
Ng vo ca Timer/counter1
P3.6
/WR
Xung ghi b nh d liu ngoi.
P3.7
/RD
Xung c b nh d liu ngoi.
Chn /PSEN : l chn iu khin c chng trnh b nh ngoi.
Chn ALE.
ALE l tn hiu iu khin cht a ch c tn s bng 1/6 tn s dao ng ca vi iu
khin. Tn hiu ALE c dng cho php vi mch cht bn ngoi nh 7473.
Chn /EA.
Tn hiu /EA cho php chn b nh chng trnh l b nh trong hay ngoi. EA=1 th thc
hin chng trnh trong RAM ni. EA=0 thc hin RAM ngoi.
RST( reset)
Ng vo reset trn chn s 9. khi RST=1 th b vi iu khin s c khi ng li
thit lp ban u.
XTAL1, XTAL2
2 chn ny c ni song song vi thch anh tn s max=33 Mhz. to dao ng
cho b vi iu khin.
Vcc, GND : cung cp ngun nui cho b vi iu khin. cp qua chn 20 v 40.
c, s AT89C52 trong mch
in t 2 K4
8

Nhm 11

d, nguyn l hot ng
+Chn 9 c ni vi mch reset. Khi nhn SW1 th b vi iu khin s c khi ng
li t u.
+in tr bng U5: c tc dng lm in tr ko ln ngun.
+ chn 18-19 c ni // vi thch anh 12Mhz. mch c nhim v to dao ng cho vi
iu khin.
+t chn P0.0=>P0.2 ln lt c ni vi Vee, RS, RW ca LCD. C nhim v iu
khin hot ng ca LCD.
+chn P0.3=>P0.5 iu khin led. Khi nhit o c vt qua khong nhit khng
ch th 1 trong 3 n led ny s sng.
+ chn P1.0=>P1.7. giao tip vi ADC0804. Cng P1 ny c nhim v c nhit thu
c t b chuyn i.
+P2.0=>P2.7. Ln lt c ni vi u vo d liu t DB0=> DB7 ca LCD. C chc
nng iu khin hin th LCD theo thao tc khng ch v nhit o c.
+P3.0, P3.1 ln lt ni vi /RD v /WR ca ADC0804. Nhim v iu khin hot ng
ca b chuyn i s - tng t.
+P3.2=> P3.4 dng ni vi cc phm nhn. C tc dng thc hin cc thao tc khng
ch nhit cn o.

in t 2 K4
9

Nhm 11

5> hin th( LCD 16x2)

a, cu to
Chc nng cc chn ca Module LCD 16x2;
Chn s K hiu Mc logic I/O
1
Vss
2
Vdd
3
Vee
I
4
RS
0/1
I
5

R/W

0/1

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

E
DB1
DB2
DB3
DB4
DB5
DB6
DB7
DB8
Vcc
GND

1,1=>0
0/1
0/1
0/1
0/1
0/1
0/1
0/1
0/1
-

I
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
-

Chc nng
Ngun cung cp(GND)
Ngun cung cp(+5V)
in p iu chnh tng phn
La chn thanh ghi
0= thanh ghi lnh
1=thanh ghi d liu
0=ghi vo LCD module
1=c t LCD module
Tn hiu cho php
Data bus line 0(LSB)
Data bus line1
Data bus line2
Data bus line3
Data bus line4
Data bus line5
Data bus line6
Data bus line7(MSB)
Ngun cung cp
mass

b, mch trong n

c, nguyn tc hin th k t trn LCD

mt chng trnh hin th k t trn LCD s i theo bn bc sau:
1) Xa ton b mn hnh.
2) t ch hin th.
3) t v tr con tr (ni bt u ca k t hin th).
in t 2 K4
10

Nhm 11

Lnh

4) Hin th k t.
Ch :
+Cc bc 3, 4 c th lp li nhiu ln nu cn hin th nhiu k t.
+ Mi khi thc hin ghi lnh hoc ghi d liu hin th ln LCD cn phi kim tra c bn
trc. V vy, cn phi ch ng phn phi thi gian khi ra lnh cho LCD( v d sau khi
xa mn hnh sau khong 2ms mi ra lnh khc v thi gian LCD xa mn hnh l
1,64ms).+ch hin th mc nh s l hin th dch, v tr con tr mc nh s l u
dng th nht.
d. m lnh ca LCD HD4480
M lnh
M t
RS R/ DB0 DB1 DB2 DB3 DB4 DB5 DB6 DB7
W

Xa mn
hnh
a con tr
v v tr u

Thit lp
ch

I/D

Bt tt hin
th

Dch con tr
hin th

S/C

R/L

Thit lp
chc nng

DL

Thit lp a 0
ch CGRAM

Thit lp a
ch DDRAM
c c bo
bn v a
ch
CGRAM/
DDRAM
Ghi
CGRAM/
DDRAM
c
CGRAM/
DDRAM

BF

Write data

Read data

CGRAM address
DDRAM address
CGRAM/ DDRAM address

Thi
gian
thi
hnh
1.64ms

Xa mn hnh a
con tr v v tr u
a con tr v v tr 1.64ms
u
Thit lp hng
dch chuyn con
tr(I/D), dch hin
th(S)
Bt tt hin th, con
tr; bt tt ch
nhp nhy con tr
Thit lp chiu dch
chuyn ca con tr
v hin th
Thit lp di ca
d liu, s dng v
font ch
Thit lp a ch
CGRAM

40us

Thit lp a ch
DDRAM
c c bo bn v
a ch ca
CGRAM hoc
DDRAM( ty vo
lnh trc )
Ghi d liu vo
CGRAM hoc
DDRAM.
c d liu t
CGRAM hoc
DDRAM

40us

in t 2 K4
11

40us
40us
40us
40us

40us

40us
40us

Nhm 11
e> cc bit vit tt trong m lnh.
Tn bit
M t
I/D
0=khng dch chuyn v tr
1=dch chuyn v tr con tr
con tr
S
=0 khng dch chuyn hin
=1 dch chuyn hin th
th
D
0=tt hin th
=1 bt hin th
C
0=tt con tr
=1 bt con tr
B
0=con tr khng nhp nhy =1 con tr nhp nhy
S/C
0=di chuyn con tr
=1 dch chuyn hin th
R/L
0= dch tri
=1 dch phi
DL
0=ch 4bit d liu
=1 ch 8bit d liu
N
0=1 dng
1= 2 dng
F
0= font 5x7
1= font 5x10
BF
0= khng bn
1= ang bn

7> ng dng iu khin

a, s mch
b, chc nng:

CHNG II>LP TRNH CHO VI IU KHIN

I>s gii thut
Chng trnh chnh.

START

NP GI TR U

MODE
in t 2 K4

Tng t0 t

T0 o > t0 max
12

HinADC
c
Khi
th
x tlo c

Nhm 11

Hin th
cnh bo
Gim t0 t

T0 o <t0 min

Hin th t0 t

GII THUT CHNG TRNH KHNG CH

START

Phm mode c
nhn khng?

in t 2 K4

Phm
tng
c
nhn?

No

13

Nhm 11

Tng thng s ln
mt n v

Yes

No
Gim thng s i
mt i v

Yes

Phm
gim
c
nhn?
No

Gi chng trnh
hin th

II> code chng trnh.

in t 2 K4
14