3.1.

M hnh lp trnh capsule Mt mng ANTS bao gm: cc ng dng s dng mng bng cch gi v nhn nhng gi tin c bit c gi l cc capsule qua mt active node cc b (hay cn gi l mt router c kh nng lp trnh). Mi active node c kt ni vi vi cc node ln cn vi n. Cc ng dng c th la chn cc loi capcule khc nhau ty thuc vo phn mm. Code s c thc thi ti mi active node khi n i qua. Do , to ra mt dch v mi th n ch cn xy dng mt tp cc loi capsule mi vi cc code lp trnh tng ng. V vy, m hnh ny cho php qu trnh x l ty bin dc theo mng, v cho php cc ng dng mi c trin khai ch bng mt bc m khng cn yu cu vic trin khai thm hay xy dng th nghim. V cc ng dng mi c la chn mt cch r rng bng cch la chn loi capsule hn l vic nng cp router. 3.2. Forward packet m rng M hnh lp trnh capsule d hiu v linh hot nhng li kh thc thi. c th thc thi hiu sut cao cn c gii hn theo 2 cch: Vic forward mt capsule c chia lm cc phn nh: truyn code v thc thi code. Vic phn chia vic thc thi nhng forwarding thnh nhng phn trn cho php mi phn c thc thi vi cc k thut ph hp v cho php code c cache nhng active node tng hiu sut. Nhiu k thut c th c s dng truyn code ph thuc vo kch thc v tn sut ca vic truyn M hnh capsule c sa i ph hp vi 1 mng m trong ch nhng node xc nh mi l active node. nhng node bnh thng th cc capsule s c forward nh nhng gi tin IP bnh thng. ANTS xem nhng active node nh nhng node c bit c nhng vo mng.

Hnh 3. 1 Cc trng trong gi capsule 3.3. Cc thnh phn kin trc Gm mt m hnh lp trnh capsule, mt giao thc demand pull code v h iu hnh ca node 3.4. Capsule programing module Gm 3 phn: nh dng ca capsule; lut forward; v API ca node 3.4.1. nh dng ca capsule Mi capuslemang theo nhng trng sau: a ch ngun, ch; resource limit (tng t nh TTL ca IPv4 v hopcount ca IPv6); version( xc nh version ca ANTS); type(xc nh loi forwarding routine tng ng); previous address (c s dng truyn code trong mng); cc trng header khc (ph thuc vo loi capsule c xc nh trng type);

payload. Trong nhng trng ny th trng type l quan trong nht v n xc nh forwarding routine; code group v protocol m capsule thuc v. Mi bit u c s dng x l capsule mi node. Yu cu l type phi l duy nht d dng kim tra v phn phi. Code group v protocol c xc nh bi cc cu trc phn cp v vy cho php n c s dng an ton trong mng m trong cc code khng phi lc no cng c. nh ngha cc capsule type bng cch s cung cp 2 c tnh quan trng: - Cc type mi c th c phn phi mt cch nhanh chng. V cc du hiu ca n l duy nht v type ph thuc vo code tng ng, do ch cn chn mt hm du hiu vi mt tm ln lm cho kh nng ng l nh nht. Vi s hash 128 bit ngu nhin nh MD5 th ng xy ra khi c 264 du hiu ng thi. Do , cc dch v mi c th c h tr bng s ng tng h gia nhng phn xc nh. - Cc type s xc lp mt secure binding gia capsule v code tng ng. V hash l mt chiu nn s xa c nguy c gi code v mi node c th nhanh chng xc minh (m khng cn thm nhng thng tin bn ngoni) rng mt tp cc code xc nh s tng ng vi mt capsule tng ng. 3.4.2. Active node API Trong thc t, mt loi routine c th c xc nh ph thuc vo active node API sn c. V d: nu khng th lu v truy cp cc trng thi node th cc chng trnh capsule s khng th giao tip vi nhau. Ngoi ra vic thc thi code ph thuc vo API. V d: cc hng xm ca mt node xc nh c th c tm thy bng cch i qua tonn b bng nh tuyn hi nhng node k cn hay hi trc tip node l ph thuc vo hm API no c h tr. V d: Cc hm API cho capsule forwarding routine: Bng 3.1: Cc phng thc ca Node

Khi kt hp vi cc kh nng c cung cp bi m hnh forward m rng; nhng loi API ny h tr cc loi dch v mi mt cch hiu qu: Cc c tnh ca mng c th c khm ph v nhng ng mi c tnh ton bng cch s dng cc hm truy nhp mi trng kt hp vi cc header v vic truyn c kim sot. Cc dch v nh tuyn mi c cung cp bng cch s dng soft-store duy tr nhng ng va c tnh v forwarding s i theo nhng ng ny. Multicast c th c cung cp bng cch to ra cc capsule mi trong mng v chng s i theo nhng ng c duy tr trong soft-store. 3.4.3. Capsule forwarding: Qu trnh forward ph thuc vo loi capsule tr khi nhng node khng phi active th qu trnh forward IP mc nh s c s dng. mi active node th trng type s c s dng xc nh loi forward tng ng (c truyn ring). Sau khi xc nh th

routine tng ng s c thc thi forward capsule. Vic ny xy ra bng mt m hnh thc thi. Trc ht, cc forarding routine c cho php chy trong mt thi gian ngn (ph thuc vo tc truyn ch ca capsule). Cc active node s p buc qu trnh x l ny bng cch kim sot capsule runtime. Nu tc vt qu, th node s b forwarding v s s dng qu trnh forward mc nh. Th 2, ch mt lng nh cc trng thi c xc nh mt cch r rng l c mang theo cng vi capsule.Cc trng thi khc phi c lu node x l sau, hay s c phc hi bi active node runtime. ANTS cho php cc nh pht trin dch v nh ngha nhng trng cho capsule n c th c truy cp t bn trong mng. Nhng trng ny c nh ngha cng vi capsule forwarding routine. Th 3, routine c th c chy m khng b delay mi active node trong mng. Cc forwarding routine c th thc hin cc li gi thng qua API mi node. V d: mt capsule theo mt route xc nh c th to v forward mt capsule lin quan gip ti thit lp route nu n thy route khng cn tn ti trong mng na. li gi ny thnh cng th code ca c 2 loi capsule phi c truyn cng nhau tt c nhng code c yu cu c sn, iu ny dn n vic nh ngha mt code group (mt tp bao ng cc forwarding code c gi t forwarding code) c truyn bi giao thc phn pht code. Th 4, active node runtime bo m rng di gc nhn ca cc nh pht tirn ng dng th cc capsule c truyn mt cch tun t. cui cng, vic x l li trong qu trnh truyn. Cc li c th l khng resource truyn, thiu mt ng mc nh, v mt s diu kin khc. hiu qu th qu trnh x l li nn c thc hin cc b. 3.5. Vic truyn code Khi mt ng dng mi c biu din trong mt capsule th n phi c thc thi trong h tng mng trc khi c s dng. ANTS cung cp mt giao thc phn phi code theo yu cu cho php ng dng bt u c th s dng mt ng dng mi. Vic phn phi code trong ANTS c thit k cho nhng mu traffic m trong vic caching l hiu qu. H thng demand pull truyn code thc thi mt dch v mi cho nhng node dc theo ng m mt capsule s dng dch v i theo. Code s c cache nhng node ny cho nhng capsule sau s dng. K thut ny c ch li l kch thc nh ca code cung cp vic truyn khng tin cy: vic phn phi code s thnh cng mt cch nhanh chng hay i khi fail. 3.5.1. Cc mc ch thit k D thch ng vi vic thay i route v node failure; c th thch hp cho nhng mng ln, ti thiu ha lng code c lu ti nhng node v khang cch m code c truyn. L tng l: mt forward routine xc nh ch nn c truyn mt ln trn mi lin kt mng

v ch cho nhng active node yu cu n; ti thiu ha khang thi gian k t khi mt capsule n mt node cho n lc code tng ng c ly, chng vic gi code, khng gy nghn. Chin lc ca ANTS l s dng pull code dc theo ng m capsule i theo vi mt giao thc connectionless v code cc active node. khi to qu trnh ny th ng dng ra ca mng phi ly code thc thi mt ng dng mi trc khi chng c th s dng dch v, v sau s dng k thut: duy tr trng thi ca code dc theo ng khi chng ang c s dng v c xem nh l mt loi kt ni mm. C th thch ng vi vic thay i ng i v khng ph thuc vo cc k thut truyn tin cy cng nh pha thit lp. 3.5.2. Phn phi code cc h thng u cui Vic phn phi code cho mt dch v mi xy ra cc h thng u cui ni m cc ng dng c th truy cp vo mng ANTS. Mt ng dng phi ly code thc thi mt ng dng mi trc khi c th thc thi n. Ngha l tt c cc capsule forwarding routine thc thi giao thc tng ng vi dch v. thc hin vic ny th mt ng dng phi tham kho mt th mc nh x tn dch v cho code tng ng. Trong ANTS toolkit th th mc ny l file system cc b. Vic nh x ny c s dng tch bit giao din vi vic thc thi. Cc ng dng s dng cc tn cp cao biu th mt giao din vi mng v con ngi c th c c. Trong network layer th cc dch v c thc thi da trn cc capsule type. Khi mt ng dng ly c code cn thit, n s ng k code vi active node cc b ca n. Node sau s c th tnh ton loi ca capsule s dng dch v khi n vo mng, v s c code cn thit khi to vic thc thi dch v trong mng. Lc ng dng c th t do gi cc capsule thuc v ng dng mi vo mng thng qua node cc b. Nhng capsule ny s khi to qu trnh phn phi code trong mng. Cui cng khi ng dng honn tt vic s dng dch v mi, n s unregister code. 3.5.3. Vic phn phi code trong mng cc node trong mng ANTS, vic phn phi code s c thc thi khi node nhn c mt loi capsule m n khng bit. K thut demand load s c s dng ly code t node trc m capsule i qua sau s cache code ti node hin ti s dng sau. Code c truyn phi tun theo mt s yu cu sau: n phi thng tin forward capsule khi load n ln v phi nn c kch thc nh khng tn resource. Cui cng, n phi cho php cc loi capsule da trn du hiu c xc minh code khng th b gi.

Hnh 3. 2 Qu trnh demand load Cc bc trong giao thc demand load: Mt capsule c forward bi mt active node (c gi l previous node) c s hu

mt code group tng ng. Trc khi n c gi th trng previuos address s c thit lp. Khi capsule n active node tip theo (loading node) v nu code trng vi type ca n b thiu th mt capsule yu cu load s c sinh ra v c gi cho node c xc nh bi trng previous address. Khi yu cu load n previous node th mt nhm cc capsule load response s c sinh ra, chng s cha code group c yu cu v nhng th khc load code. Khi load response n loading node th chng s c ti to li xy dng code group tng ng v kt qu s c kim tra v sau qu trnh load s honn tt, code group sau s c s dng forward capsule v quay li bc 1. Trong ANTS, code c truyn thnh nhng n v forwarding routine thuc v code group cn thit cng vi cc loi code group. V mt giao thc c nh ngha bi code group type nn thng tin ny tnh capsule type v ngn vic gi code. Mt vn thc t na trong vic truyn cc code group l vic m ha cc li gi gia nhng forwarding routine to nn mt code group. Cc li gi s c biu din bi nhng tn cc b c nhng thng trong code ca forwarding routine. Nhng tn cc b ny ch c lin kt trong code group c truyn ngn vic gi code. V d: Mt routine xy dng cc route c th c tn l producer, cn routine khc i theo nhng route c th c tn l consumer. Cc producer routine c th c kt vi mt code group vi bt c consumer routine, v vy cho php cc li gi ch xy ra mt cch bo mt gia nhng routine c chn.