Ma Min Phyu Mhan Mhan Pyaw

You might also like

You are on page 1of 122

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

qm;ykvif;ESif;armif
ESifh

rrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

rif;odcF

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

yHkEdSyfrSwfwrf;
pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf
832^8^2004
rsufESmzHk;cGifhjyKcsuftrSwf
5002610602
yHkEdSyfjcif;
pwkwtBudrf? tkyfa& (500)
2006 ckESpf? rwfv
rsufESmzHk;'DZdkif;
cdkifvif; (openeyes)
wefzdk;
1800 usyf
jzefYcsDa&;
r&rf;wvif;pmtkyfwdkuf
trSwf (14)? ausmufa&wGif;vrf;
ausmufajrmif;? wmarG
zkef; - 543297
rsufyGifhpmay
trSwf (367)? AdkvfcsKyfvrf;
AdkvfqGefyufvrf;xdyf? &efukef
zkef; - 700579
openeyes@mail4u.com.mm

610 bD(1) Anm;'vvrf;? wmarG? &efukef


uGefjyLwmpmdkuf ESifh PDF - nnnaing ( www.myanmarcupidclub.net )

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

aus;NrD; vufzuf&nfqdkifuav;
wpfaeYo
touftm;jzifh
ig;q,fausmfcefY&SdNyD;?
t&yfvGefpGmjrifh
udk,fvHk;udk,fxnfvnf;
vGefpGmwkwfcdkifvSonfh vlBuD;wpfOD;onf vG,ftdwfBuD;wpfvHk;udk vG,fvsuf Munfhjrifwdkifqdyfurf;teD; ]aus;NrD;} trnf&Sd
vufzuf&nfqdkiftwGif;odkY 0ifa&mufvmNyD;vQif qdkifwGif;&Sdaom vlrsm;tm; tenf;i,f tuJcwfvdkufNyD;aemuf
vufzuf&nfazsmfolbufodkYvSnfhum . . .
]]vufzuf&nfcsKdcsKdBuD; ESpfcGufazsmfyg}} [k rSmBum; jrpfbuftusqHk;pm;yGJcHk oGm;a&muf xdkifav\/
qdkifwGif;rSvlrsm;uvnf; xdkvlBuD;tm; txl;tqef;ozG,f MunfhIMu xifjrifcsuftrsKd;rsKd;udk tcsif;csif;
ajymqdkvsuf&SdMuavonf/
vufzuf&nfESpfcGuf oGm;a&mufcsay;aomtcgvnf; ]csKd&JUvm;} [k ar;jref; vufzuf&nfazsmfolu
csKdcsKdazsmfxm;aMumif;? tu,f tcsKdayghonf[k qdkvQifvnf; oMum;xyf xnfhay;OD;rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymav\/
xdkvlBuD;onf vufzuf&nfazsmform;\ ajymqdkonfh pum;udk *krxm;bJ vufzuf&nfcGufudk aumuf,l
a*:&if*sDukvm;rsm;
t&ufaomufbdouJhodkY
wpfusKdufwnf;eSifh
armhcsvdkufavawmh\/
usefaomcGufudkrl
udkifwG,fjcif;rjyKawmhbJ vGefpGmteHjyif;aom aq;jyif;vdyfudkzGmvsuf jrpftwGif; oGm;vmvsuf&SdMuukefaom
avSormefwdkYudkomvQif ai;pdkuf Munfhaeav\/
xdkvlxGm;BuD;onf
wpfcsufwpfavrQyif
qdkifbufodkY
vSnfMunfhjcif;rjyKbJ
jrpfbufodkYomvQif
ai;armMunfhIaeav\/ ae&maTUjcif;? a&aEG;Murf;aomufjcif;? vIyfvIyfGGvkyfjcif; ponfwdkYudk vHk;0jyKvkyfjcif;r&SdbJ
ausmufqpfkyfuJhodkY NidrfoufpGmxdkifaeonfrSm ig;em&DcefYMumanmif;av\/ eHeufq,fem&DavmufrSp xdkifaeonfrSm
naeoHk;em&Dxdk;onfhwdkifatmifjzpf\/ tcsKdUaom vufzuf&nfaomufolwdkYonf naeydkif;wGif wpfausmhjyef vmMu&m
xdkvlBuD;xdkifaeonfudkawGUvQif qdkif&Siftm; ]b,fvdkvJAs [dkvlBuD; ckxdrxao;ygvm;} [k ar;jref;Muav\/
vlBuD;vnf; ukef*dka'gifrS ig;em&DoHacsmif;acgufoHudk Mum;&vQif usefaomvufzuf&nfcGufudk armhcs
vufzuf&nfzdk;ydkufqHtm; pm;yGJay: csxm;NyD;vQif rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufudkrQ rMunfhbJ xGufoGm;avawmh\/
aemufwpfaeYq,fem&DavmufwGifvnf; xdkvlBuD;a&muf&Sdvmjyef vufzuf&nfcsKdcsKdBuD; ESpfcGufrSm,lum
yxraeYuJhodkYyif wpfcGufudk aumuf,larmhcsvdkufNyD;aemuf xdkxdkifcHkyif ig;em&DcefY xdkifaeNyD;vQif jyefoGm;av\/
xdkvlBuD;onf aeYpOfaeYwdkif; vm xdkifav\/ odkYxdkifvmcJh&m udk;&ufajrmufaomaeY xdkvlBuD;ra&mufrD
xdkvlBuD;xdkifavh&Sdaom pm;yGJ toufoHk;q,fcefY&Sdvli,fwpfOD;u apmpD;pGm ae&mOD;vQuf&Sdav\/ xdkvli,fonf
jrpfbufodkY ai;armvsuf&SdHkrQru wa,mjym;uav;udkvnf; wdk;wdk;nifnif xdk;vsuf&Sdav\/
xdkvli,fonf wa,moHudk wpfa,mufwnf;Mum;Edkif,HkrQ xdk;vQuf&Sdav\/ vufzuf&nfqdkiftwGif;odkY
0ifvmaomolrsm;onf
if;vli,fteD;odkYoGm;a&mufum
vufzuf&nfaomufygOD;[lvnf;aumif;?
pD;u&ufaomufygOD;[lvnf;aumif; avmuGwfjyKMuaomfvnf; xdkvli,furl vSnfhrQrMunfh? acgif;udkom ,rf;jyav\/
qdkifwGif;&Sdvlrsm;ESifh qdkif&Sifonf xdkvli,fESifh aeYpOf&ufquf vma&muf xdkifavh&Sdaom vlxGm;BuD;wdkYonf
ae&mvkMuvdrfhrnf? ae&mudk taMumif;jyK &efjzpfMuvdrfhrnf[k wD;wdk;ajymqdkvQuf &SdMuav\/ xdkodkYajymqdkaeMupOfyif
vlxGm;BuD;onf qdkifwGif;odkY 0ifvmNyD;vQif ]vufzuf&nf csKdcsKdBuD;ESpfcGuf} rSmMum;NyD;aemuf xdkifaeMuae&modkY
oGm;&mat;csrf;pGmxdkifvQuf wa,mxdk;aeaom vli,fudkawGUvQif . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]'DrSm . . . armif&if ae&mz,fay;yg? 'Dae&m[m aewdkif; usKyfxdkifwJhae&m}} [kajymav\/


vli,fonf xdkvlBuD;tm; vSnfhrMunfhbJ wa,mxdk;NrJ xdk;ae&mrS . . .
]]rz,fEdkifbl;}}
]]rz,f&ifawmh cg;uaeudkifNyD; jrpfxJudk ypfcsvdkufr,f}}
]]usKyfvJ a&csKd;csifaewmeJY tawmfaygh}}
]]'Dtwdkif; ypfcsr,f rSwfvdkYvm;? cg;udk *RwfceJaeatmif csKd;NyD;rS ypfvdkufrSm}}
]]usKyfvJ cg;csKd;cHcsifaewmeJY tawmfygyJ? ratarG;uwnf;u 'Dcg;[m bmrSrjzpfao;bl;? cg;usKd;w,fqdkwm
b,fvdkvJ odcsifaew,f}}
]]w,fvJ vmwJhvlyJ? odMua&mayghuGm}} [k qdkum vlxGm;BuD;onf vli,ftm; wpfpHkwpf&m jyKvkyf&eftwGuf
vufBuD;ESpfzuftm; a&SUodkYqefYwef; teD;odkY kwfw&uf uyfvdkuf&m vli,fonf wa,mxdk;ae&mrS wa,mxdk;wHESifh
xdkvlBuD;\ nmzufrsufvHk;tdrfteD;odkY qwfueJ axmufvdkufav\/ vli,fonf xdktcsdefxd vlBuD;tm; jzLonf rnf;onf
rodao;ay/ wa,mxdk;wHESifh rsufvHk;tdrfteD;odkY axmufvdkufonf qdk&mvnf; aemufjyeftaetxm;rS
axmufvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
]]tbdk;BuD; . . . toufBuD;rS rsufpda[mufyufBuD;eJY ae&OD;r,f? rsufpdrSmtqHk;? em;rSmtHI;wJh?
rsufvHk;uav;wpfvHk;[m b,favmufwefzdk;&Sdw,fqdkwm 'Dtouft&G,ftxd em;rvnfao;bl;vm;}} [k vli,fu
cyfaigufaiguguv; ajymvdkufvQif vlxGm;BuD;onf [uf[ufyufyuf&,farmNyD;vQif . . .
]][J ... [J ... 'gaMumifhvnf; 'Dae&mrSm AdkvfvkyfaeEkdifwmudk;? uJ ... uJ usKyfuyJ tHI;ay;ygw,fAsm?
bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh ratarG;uwnf;u rsufvHk;ruef;bl;ao;bl;? rsufvHk;uef;w,fqdkwm b,fvdkrsm;aeygvdrfhqdkNyD;
rsufvHk;wpfvHk; tuef;cHNyD; rpl;prf;0Hhbl;? 'Dawmh armif&ifu usKyfxuf pGefY0Hhw,f? usKyfxufvnf; ydkNyD;rdkufygw,f? usKyfu
[dkzufcHkrSm xdkifr,f ? auseyfygawmh}} [k qdkum vlBuD;onf vli,f\ rsufESmcsif;qdkifwGif&Sdaom acG;ajc 0ifxdkifav\/
xdktcsdef vlBuD;rSmxm;aom vufzuf&nfESpfcGuf a&mufvmojzifh vlBuD;u wpfcGufudkaomuf usefwpfcGufudk
vli,fzufodkY xdk;ay;NyD;vQif . . .
]]armif&if vufzuf&nfav;aomufygOD;}} [k qdkav\/ vli,fvnf; wa,mudk pm;yGJay:csvdkuf
vufzuf&nfcGufudk
,l
aomufav\/
vufzuf&nf
ukefoGm;aomtcg
vlxGm;BuD;onf
[uf[ufyufyuf&,farmjyef\/
]]rdkufwJhvlrsm; 'Denf;eJYao&wmyJ? [J . . . [J armif&ifaomufwJh vufzuf&nfxJudk usKyftqdyfawG cyfvdkufNyD?
[m; . . . [m;? rMumcifrSmyJ tlawGjywfNyD; rIrvS'kucHpm;NyD;ao&awmhr,f? [D. . .[d}}
vlxGm;BuD;\pum;aMumifh
wpfqdkifvHk;
vIyfvIyf&G&GjzpfoGm;avawmh\/
wpfcsKdUu
'DvlBuD;udk
zrf;*gwfwJydkYrnf[kvnf;aumif;? wcsKdUu ykvdyfoGm;ac:rnf[k vnf;aumif; qlqlnHnH jzpfukefav\/ wpfqdkifvHk;
vIyfvIyf&G&G jzpfaeaomfvnf; vIyfvIyf&G&GrjzpfolrSm vli,fyifjzpf\/ vli,fonf at;at;aq;aq;xdkif aeHkrQru
tqdyfcyfxm;onfqdkaom
vufzuf&nfyef;ueftwGif;odkY
a&aEG;Murf;rsm;
iSJYxnfhNyD;vQif
yef;uefudkusif;
armhcsvdkufjyef\/ vli,f\ tjyKtrludkMunfh vlBuD;onf rsufvHk;jyL;oGm;avawmh\/
]]ratarG;uwnf;u wpfcgrQ tlrjywfzl;ao;bl;? tljywfw,fqdkwm b,fvdkvJ od&wmayghAsm}} [k a`Erysuf
ajymvdkufNyD;aemuf pD;u&ufwpfvdyfudk xkwfvsufaomufNyD;vQif wa,mudk qufvufxdk;aeavawmh\/
vlBuD;onf vli,f\ rxDw&DEdkifvSaom trlt&mudk Munfhvsuf rcsifhr&Jjzpfum . . .
]]'DrSmarmif&if? ao&rSmudk enf;enf;av;rS taMumufbl;vm;}} [k ar;vdkufonf/
]]ratarG;uwnf;u wpfcgrS raoao;vdkY aow,fqdkwm b,fvdkygvdrfhvdkY odcsifaeygw,f}}
]]aMomf}}
vlxGm;BuD;onf ]]aMomf}} [k wpfcGef;wnf;om a&&GwfEdkifav\/ xdkYaemuf tcsdeftawmfMumonftxd vli,fudk
ai;pdkufMunfhaeNyD;aemuf vG,ftdwfBuD;twGif;odkY vufEdIuf wpfpHkwpfckudk xkwf,lvdkufav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]armif&if w,fvJ owdaumif;wmudk; a&mh . . . 'gav; pm;vdkufygOD;}} [k qdkum vG,ftdwftwGif;rS


EdIuf,lcJhaomt&mudk vli,fa&SUcsay;NyD;vQif vufzuf&nfzdk;udkyg&Sif; qdkifwGif;rS xGufoGm;avawmh\/
qdkifwGif;&Sd vlrsm;onf vlxGm;BuD;ESifh vli,fwdkY\ tjyKtrludk vGefpGmpdwf0ifpm;vQuf&SdMuonfhtavQmuf
wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; xifjrifcsufrsm;udk ajymqdkaeMuavonf/
vlxGm;BuD; xGufoGm;onfhtcg vlxGm;BuD;ay;cJhaomt&mudk Munfhvdkuf&m rkefYzufxkyfjzpfaMumif; od&av\/
vli,fonf wa,mudk auseyfavmufatmif xdk;aeNyD;aemuf vlxGm;BuD;ay;cJhaom rkefYzufxkyfudk aumuf,l
xGufoGm;av\/
qdkifa&SUodkYa&mufvQif
cg;ukef;aom
olawmif;pm;BuD;wpfOD;udk
tqifoifhawGUvdkufonfESifh
olawmif;pm;BuD;\ cGufxJodkY rkefYzufxkyfukdxnfh ormefqdyfbufodkY xGufoGm;avawmh\/ qdkifwGif;rSvlrsm;vnf;
vli,fESifh vlxGm;BuD; taMumif;udk a0zefajymqdkvsuf usef&pfcJhavawmh\/
xdkvli,f\ trnfum; armifaus;NrD;[l jzpf\/ if;vli,fonf ae&mwpf0dkuf txl;ojzifh
vufzuf&nfqdkif vma&muf xdkifcJhonfrSm ESpfESpfausmf oHk;ESpfeD;yg;yif &SdcJhNyDjzpf\/ ,cifu ae&mwpf0dkufwGif
]]r&m&rfoD}} [laom ukvm;vlrdkufwpfOD; BuD;pdk;av\/ ArmvlrsKd;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;tm; aps;a&SUvlpHk&myif if;ukvm;vlrdkuf
r&m&rfoDu yg;udkdkuf vufpGrf;jycJhzl;av\/ if;r&m&rfoDtm; xdka'owpf0dkufrS vlrsm;u r&rf;oD;[k ac:a0:avh&Sd\/
tcsKdUaomvlrsm;onf tcsif;csif; rauseyfaom udprsm;&Sdygu r&rf;oD;xH oGm;a&muf wdkifMum;av\/ xdktcg
ukvm;vlrdkuf r&rf;oD;onf if;\wynfh tDprdkif ac: at;armifudk apvTwfavh&Sd\/ ukvm;at;armifonf
vma&mufwdkifMum;olESifh twdkifcH&olESpfOD; awGUqHkapNyD;vQif wdkifMum;ola&SUarSmufyif twdkifcH&oltm; yg;ESpfbufudk
b,fjyefnmjyefdkufESufav\/ tu,f tdkufcH&olu rcHEdkif jyefvnfckcHcJhygrl rsm;rMumrDyif xkdolonf
"m;jzifhaomfvnf;aumif;
txdk;cH&wwf\/
Zm0Dwkwfjzifhaomfvnf;aumif;
acgif;udk
tdkufcH&wwfNrJjzpf\/
odkYwnf;r[kwfvQif nOfhOD;ydkif;avmufwGif tdrfwGif;odkY tkwfcJydkif;usKd;rsm; ypfoGif;cH&wwfav\/ rauseyf ykvdyfudk
wdkifygvQifvnf; ykvdyfonf tcif;jzpfyGm;aomtdrfodkY a&S;OD;pGmrvmbJ r&rf;oD;tdrfodkY t&if0if\/ r&rf;oD;tm;
tusKd;taMumif;ar;NyD;rS tcif;jzpfyGm;aomtdrfodkY vma&mufum ypfoGif;cH&aom tkwfcJusKd;rsm;udk aumuf,loGm;NyD;vQif
rnfodkYrQvnf; ta&;,ljcif;r&Sdawmhay/ wpfenf;tm;jzifhqdkvQif r&rf;oD;\wynfhrsm;ypfoGif;cJhonfh tkwfcJydkif;usKd;
oufaocHypnf;rsm;udk ykvdyfrsm;u vma&mufazsmufzsufjcif;yifjzpfay\/
xdkYaMumifh Munfhjrifwdkifqdyfurf; wpf0dkufwGif r&rf;oD;udk armfMunfh0Hholyif r&Sdoavmuf &Sm;av\/
r&rf;oD;onf tustjzL?vHkcsnftjzL 0wfavh&Sd\/ [dkem;onfem;oGm;vQif vefcsm;pD;avh&Sd\/ r&rf;oD;vefcsm;udkjrifvQif
aqmifh<um;<um;EdkifvSaom jrif;vSnf;orm;wkdYyifvQif jrif;vSnf;udk vrf;ab;odkYcs a&Smifay;avh&Sd\/ wpfcgwpf&H
0efpnfpvG,frsm;udk xrf;ydk; vefcsm;a&SUwGif udkY,dk;um;&m;jzpfaeaom tzdk;BuD;rsm;udk r&rf;oD;onf qif; ajcaxmufjzifh
uefwwfav\/ rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufurQ rawmfygbl;[l ajym0Hhjcif;r&SdMuay/
Munfhjrifwdkif wpfzufurf;odkY ul;onfh ormeful;wdkYqdyfteD; ukvm;vufzuf&nfqdkif wpfqdkifESifh
jrefrmvufzuf&nfqdkif wpfqdkif ,SOfNydKif zGifhxm;\/ ukvm;vufzuf&nfqdkifrSm ]]em&DwHqdyfvufzuf&nfqdkif}} [k
qdkif;bkwfwifxm;\/ jrefrmvufzuf&nfqdkifrSm ]]rsKd;cspfvufzuf&nfqdkif}} [k qdkif;bkwfwif xm;\/
xdkodkY
vufzuf&nfqdkifESpfqdkif
,SOf
a&mif;cs&m
ukvm;vufzuf&nfqdkif
vlt0ifenf;
jrefrmrsKd;cspfvufzuf&nfqdkif vlt0ifrsm;onf jzpf&m ukvm;vufzuf&nfqdkifydkif&Sif &muGwfqdkolonf ukvm;vlrdkuf
r&rf;oD;xHodkY oGm;a&mufoHawmfOD;wifvdkuf&m r&rf;oD;onf ol\wynfh ukvm;at;armiftm; rsKd;cspfvufzuf&nfqdkifudk
taESmifht,SufjyK&ef cdkif;apvdkufavawmh\/
xdkaeYrSp
ukvm;at;armifonf
ukvm;'defav;ig;ajcmufa,mufESifhtwl
rsKd;cspfvufzuf&nfqdkifodkY
oGm;a&mufum vufzuf&nfESifhrkefrsm; rSm,lpm;aomufNyD;vQif ydkufqHray;bJ xGufvmjcif;? ydkufqHvdkufawmif;vQifvnf;
vdkufawmif;oltm; xdk;BudwfvTwfjcif;? uefausmufvTwfjcif;jyKav\/
odkY aESmufh,Sufaomfvnf; rsKd;cspfvufzuf&nfqdkifrSm rsm;pGmxdcdkufepfemjcif; r&Sdonfhtavsmuf
a&mif;aumif;NrJ a&mif;aumif;av\/ rsKd;cspfvufzuf&nfqdkif tNrJrjywfaomufavh&Sdaomol ESpfOD;&Sdavonf/
xdkESpfOD;onf jrefrmjynftm; uRefb0rS vGwfajrmufatmifvkyf&rnf [lvnf;aumif;? wdkif;jynfESifh vlrsKd;udk cspf&rnf?
wkdif;jynfESifh vlrsKd;twGuf toufudkyifpGefY&rnf[k vnf;aumif;? tmaygiftm&if;oefpGmjzifh ajymqdkNrJ jzpfav\/
wpfaeYo ukvm;at;armifESifh if;\aemufvdkufrsm; a&mufvmNyD;vQif vufzuf&nfqdkif xHk;pHtwdkif;
vufzuf&nfESifh rkefYrsm;rSm,lpm;aomufav\/ xdktcsdef wpfqdkifvHk;wGif &SdorQaom cHkwdkY vltjynfhjzpf aeav\/

rif;odcF

xdkodkYqdkif vlpnfum;aeonfh
a&mufvmav\/

tcsdefwGif

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

ukvm;vlrdkufBuD;onf

vefcsm;pD;

rsKd;cspfvufzuf&nfqdkifa&SUodkY

r&rf;oD;onf vefcsm;ay:rS qif;NyD; qdkifwGif;odkY r0ifao;bJ qdkifwGif;&Sd vlrsm;tm;vHk;tm;


tuJcwfMunfhIvdkufNyD;aemuf xdkolESpfOD;\ cHkodkY a&mufoGm;av\/ teD;odkYa&mufvQif yg;pyfjzifhyif rajymawmhyJ
vufndK;&rf;jcif;jzifh xdkifcHkrSxay;&ef tcsufjyav\/ xdkolESpfOD;rSm r&rf;oD;udk Munfh tlaMumifaMumifjzpfaepOfyif
qdkifwGif;odkYa&mufESifhum
pm;aomufaeMuNyDjzpfaom
r&rf;oD;\wynfh
ukvm;at;armifwdkYvlpkonf
xdkolESpfOD;xHodkYa&mufvm ]]q&mBuD;<uvmwmawmif ae&mz,fay;&aumif;rSef;rodwJhaumifawG}} [k qdkum xdkolESpfOD;udk
yifeDtusukyfrsm;rS aqmifhqGJ ae&mrS z,fypfavawmh\/
ukvm;at;armifESifh ol\vlrsm;onfxdkolESpfOD;tm; ukyfrSudkifvsuf qdkifwGif;rS wGef;ypfHkrQru ]]aemufwpfcg
'DqdkifrSm vufzuf&nfaomufaewmawGU&if yg;uGJNyDrSwf}} [k Budrf; vTwfvdkuf&m vlrsKd;twGuf toufudkpGefY&efvdku
pGefYvTwf&rnf[k a<u;aMumfcJhaom xdkolESpfOD;rSm uRefESpfOD;yrm acgif;rQyif raxmif0HawmhyJ cyfiHkiHkuav;
avQmufoGm;Muavawmh\/
xdktcg r&rf;oD;onf rsKd;cspfvufzuf&nfqdkifydkif&Sif udkoef;aX;qdkoltm; ac:,l . . .
]]a[haumif . . . rif;qdkifudk (7)&uftcsdefay;r,f? wpfcgwnf; ydwfypfvdkufyg? 'gyJ}} [k qdkum
vefcsm;ay:odkYjyefwufoGm;av\/
odkYjzpfNyD;aemuf
oGm;avawmh\/

(7)&ufMumaomtcg

rsKd;cspfvufzuf&nfqdkifonf

* * * * *

xdkae&mrS

vHk;0aysmufuG,f

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

txufazmfjyyg
tjzpftysufrsm;
jzpfyGm;NyD;
wpfESpfeD;yg;cefYMumaomtcg
yvufazmif;ay: c&rf;oD;? bl;oD; ponfwdkYudk pkyHka&mif;csvsuf&Sdaom ykyk00aps;onf
awGYjrifMu&avawmh\/

Munfhjrifwdkifaps;teD;
a,mufsm;BuD;wpfOD;udk

xdkaps;onfBuD;rSm ukvm;vlrdkuf r&rf;oD;\ &efudkaMumuf&GHUojzifh vufzuf&nfqdkif jzKwfypfvdkuf&&Smaom


udkoef;aX;qdkoljzpf\/ xdkol\ teD; tausmf? u&ruf? *VKefvufonf;? usm;qD? awmifqdwfcsKd? awmqdwfcGm?
pyg;BuD;onf;ajc
ponfh
aq;zuf0ifaom
ypnf;rsm;udk
cif;usif;a&mif;csonfh
touftpdwft&G,f
vli,fuav;wpfOD;&Sdav\/ xdkvli,fuav;onf tnma'orSjzpfNyD;vQif NrdKU&GmtESHYtjym; vSnfhvnfa&mif;csaom
aps;onfuav;jzpfav\/ aps;0,folyg;aomtcg ol\ wa,muav;udkxdk;vsuf tysif;ajzav\/ &uftwefMumrQ
twlwuG yl;uyf aps;a&mif;cJhMuonfjzpf&m ukefpdrf;a&mif;onfh udkoef;aX;ESifh xdkvli,fuav;onf cifrif&if;ESD;
oGm;Muav\/
wpfaeYo aps;teD; ukvm;vlrdkufr&rf;oD;onf vefcsm;pD; jzwfoGm;av\/ xdktcsdef vrf;ay:wGif
tbdk;BuD;wpfOD;onf vuf pdwfykwD;udkywfvsuf ydwfjzLpifMu,f0wfum awmifa0S;udkaxmufvsufoGm;ae\/xdkaeYrSm
OykofaeYjzpf Oykofapmifh&eftwGuf bkefBuD;ausmif;odkYoGm;jcif;jzpfonf[k ,lqzG,f&mjzpfav\/ r&rf;oD;\
vefcsm;udkqGJ&aom vefcsm;orm;u ab;odkYz,f&eftwGuf ukvm;pum;jzifh ]]cyfwdk;. . . cyfwdk;}} [k atmf[pfaomfvnf;
ydwfjzLpifMu,fESifh tzdk;BuD;rSm Mum;[efrwlay/ oGm;NrJtwdkif;omvQif oGm;ae\/ xdkYaMumifh vefcsm;ukvm;uyif
tbdk;BuD;tm; auGUa&Smifum ausmfwufav\/ xdktcg vefcsm;ay:rSae r&rf;oD;u tzdk;BuD;tm; aqmifh uefvdkuf&m
tzdk;BuD;onf ab;odkY xdk;vJusoGm;av\/ odkYjzpfysufonfudk vlwdkif;vdkvdk jrifMuaomfvnf; r&rf;oD;tm;
aMumuf&GHUMuonfjzpf&m wkwfwkwfrQyif rvIyf0HhbJ MunfhHkomMunfh aeMu&av\/
ukefpdrf;onfeHab; aq;zuf0ifypnf;rsm;a&mif;csonfh vli,fuomvQif
r&rf;oD;aemufodkYvdkufawmhrnfvkyfojzifh ukefpdrf;onf udkoef;aX;u qGJxm;&av\/

xdkifae&mrS

jzKef;ueJx

]]rvkyfeJY
ighnD?
'De,frSm
r&rf;oD;[m
bk&ifcHyJuG,fh?
usKyfawmifrS
olY&efaMumufvdkY
vufzuf&nfqdkifuav;ydwfNyD; vrf;ab;rS ukefpdrf;vma&mif;ae&wmaygh}} [k tpcsDum ukvm;vlrdkuf r&rf;oD;wdkU\
bkef;awmufvsuf&SdyHkudk ca&aphwGif;us ajymjyavawmh\/ vli,fonf udkoef;aX;ajymjyonfudk pdwf0ifpm;pGm
em;axmifvsuf&Sd&mrS . . .
]]'D r&rf;oD;qdkwJhaumifudk jzKwfr,fhvl wpfa,mufwpfavrS r&Sdao;bl;vm; udkoef;aX;&,f}} [k ar;av\/
]]r&rf;oD;rajymeJY? r&rf;oD;wynfh ukvm;at;armifudkawmif armhNyD; rMunfh0HhMubl;uG,fh}}
]]'Dvdkawmh rjzpfbl;As? r&rf;oD;udk jzKwfrSjzpfr,f}}
]]AdkufxJudk "m;0ifoGm;vdrfhr,f}}
]]ratarG;uwnf;u
odcsifygbdAsm}}

AkdufxJudk

"m;wpfcgrS

r0ifzl;ao;bl;As?

[k ajymvdkuf&m udkoef;aX;qdkaomolonf tajymBuD;aom


rajymvdkawmhonfhtavQmuf a&iHkEIwfydwf omaeavawmh\/
_____

AdkufxJudk
xdkvli,fESifh

"m;0ifwm
qufvuf

b,fvdkvJqdkwm
avukefcHum

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

aemufwpfaeY vli,fonff aps;qdkifrxGufawmhbJ r&rf;oD;\ wynfhrsm; pwnf;cs&m


vufzuf&nfqdkifodkY oGm;a&muf? vufzuf&nfwpfcGufrSm,l wpfqdkifvHk;udk tuJcwfMunfhIavawmh\/

em&DwHqdyf

xdkYaemuf vufzuf&nfudk tenf;i,f aomufNyD;vQif ]]tcsKdayghw,f? oMum;vmxnfh}} [k


cyfaigufaigufajymvdkuf&m vufzuf&nfazsmfaom ukvm;u oMum;cGufESifh aMu;ZGef;uav;udk ,lvmNyD;vQif
vufzuf&nfcGufxJodkY
oMum;tenf;i,fxnfh
acgufay;um
ae&modkY
jyefoGm;avvQif
vli,fonf
tenf;i,faomufMunfhNyD;aemuf ]]odyfcsKdoGm;NyD? tus&nfvmxnfhOD;}} [k ac:jyefvQif ukvm;vnf; tus&nfu&m;udk
,lvm tenf;i,f xnfhay;jyef\/
vli,fvnf; vufzuf&nfudk tenf;i,faomufMunfhNyD;aemuf ]]a[haumif . . . odyfcg;oGm;NyDuG? EdkYvmxnfhOD;}}
[k qdkjyef&m qdkjyef&m ukvm;onf tHudk Budwf EdkYcGufudk ,lvm xnfhay;NyD;vQifjyefvmcJh&m ae&modkYra&mufrDyif
vli,fu ]]a[haumif . . . vHk;vHk; aomufvdkYr&awmhbl;? topfazsmfay;}} [k ajymvdkufjyef&m ukvm;vnf; oHrD;nyfudk,l
vli,f\ OD;acgif;tm; aemufrSae wtm;vTJum dkufcsvdkuf\/
odkY&mwGif vli,fonf aemufjyeftaetxm;rS aevufzuf&nfjzifhyufvdkuf&m rD;nyfESifhdkufrnfh ukvm;\
rsufESmodkY vufzuf&nfylrsm; a&mufoGm;av\/ xdkYaemufxdkifae&mrS vSnfh ukvm;\eHyg;tm; 'l;jzifh wkdufvdkufojzifh
ukvm;onf tkyfBudK;ysuf vJusoGm;av\/ xdktcg tcef;wGif;rS tjcm;wpfa,mufxGuf vmjyef&m vufwGif;rS
yef;uefvHk;jzifh ypfaygufvdkuf&m ezl;wnfhwnfhxdrSef xdkvlvnf;vJoGm;jyefav\/
xdktcsdefwGif tjcm;aom ukvm;wpfa,mufonf qdkifwGif;rS ajy;xGufoGm;av\/ xdkukvm; ajy;xGufoGm;NyD;
rMumrDyif r&rf;oD;\wynfh ukvm;at;armifESifh tazmfoHk;a,mufonf Zm0Dwkwfrsm;? oHydkufvHk;rsm;udk udkifvsuf
a&mufvmcJhav\/ vli,fonf qdkifa&SUuGufvyfodkY xGuf &yfvdkufNyD;vQif olYxHodkY a&SUIvsufvmaeaom
ukvm;at;armifESifh tzGJUtm; rsufESmcsif;qdkif . . .
]]atmifrav; . . . rif;wdkYvmrS vmyghrvm;vdkY? rif;wdkYq&mBuD; r&rf;oD; qdkwJh acG;aumifaum rygcJhbl;vm;?
vm . . .vm? ukvm;at;armifqdkwm rif;r[kwfvm;? a&SUqHk;uvmcJh}} [k vuf,yf ac:vdkufav\/ qdkifwGif;rS
vufzuf&nf aomufvsuf&Sdolrsm;onf pwif &efjzpfuwnf;u xGufajy;rnf[k BuHpnfcJhMuaomfvnf; vli,f\
tpGrf;owdudk awGU&aomtcg if;wdkYonf xGufajy;&ef owdr&awmh rnfodkYrnfyHk qufvufjzpfyGm;rnfudk odvdkrSojzifh
MunfhIaeMuavawmh\/
ukvm;at;armif\
wynfhwpfOD;onf
oHydkufjzifh
vli,ftm;
0ifdkufav\/
vli,fonf
xdkoHydkufvHk;orm;tm; *kpdkufjcif;rjyKbJ ukvm;at;armifxHodkY pGwf0ifav\/ ukvm;at;armifonf vli,ftm;
Zm0Dwkwfjzifh dkuf\/ odkY&mwGif vli,fu Zm0Dwkwfcsufudk vGwfonfqdkkHrQuav; a&Smifay;vdkufNyD;aemuf
ukvm;at;armif\ 'l;acgufcGuftm;aqmifh eif;vdkuf&m ukvm;at;armifonf acGoGm;av\/ xdkodkYvJonfESifh
wpfjydKifeuf Zm0Dwkwfjzifh vnfyif;udk uvefY npfvdkufav\/ odkYjyKvkyfonfrSm wpfckNyD;wpfck jyKvkyfaomfvnf;
vsifjrefvGef;vSonfjzpf&m
awGUjrif&oltzdkYukvm;at;armifu
dkufvdkufjcif;ESifh
,if;wkwfjzifhyif
vnfyif;udk
uvefYnpfvdkufjcif;rSm wpfcsdefwnf; jzpfoGm;ouJhodkY awGUjrif&av\/
]][dkaumifawG . . . rif;wdkYvufxJu vufeufawG csvdkuf rcs&if 'Daumifudk npfypfvdkufr,f? at;armif
rif;aumifawGudk ajymvdkuf}}
ukvm;at;armifrSm vnfyif;tpf aeonfjzpf yg;pyfjzifh rajymEdkifawmhbJ ol\ vlrsm;tm;
vufwGifudkifxm;aom vufeufrsm;udk csypf&ef vufESifhyif jy&&Smav\/ xdkolrsm;u ajymonfhtwdkif;
csufcsif;rvdkufemojzifh vl&G,f . . .
]]ajymaewm r&bl;vm;? 'DrSmMunfh}} [k qdkum wkwfudkydkuvefYvdkuf&m ukvm;at;armifonf
vQmxGufvmav\/ xdktcgusrSyif xdkolwdkYonf vufwGif;rS vufeufrsm;udk ypfcsMuavawmh\/
]]b,f&rvJuGm? rif;wdkYudk NzdKrvdkY a&mufvmwm rif;q&mr&rf;oD;tdrfudkjyayawmh}} [k qdkum
ukvm;at;armiftm; vnfyif;Spfvsuf ac:oGm;aavawmh\/ vrf;wavQmufvHk;&Sd vlrsm;onf ukvm;at;armiftm;
vnfyif;SpfqGJoGm;onfudk vdkufMunfhMu&if; vli,ftm; trsKd;rsKd;tzHkzHk csD;usK;Muav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

ukvm;at;armifu ,ufuef ,ufuefjzifh kef;vdkufonfhtcg vli,fonf uvefYxm;aom wkwfudk


tenf;i,fydk qGJvdkufvQif ukvm;at;armifonf vnfyif;tpfavawmh\/ xdktcg vli,fu ukvm;at;armif\yg;udk
oHk;av;csuf qufdkufNyD;vQif . . .
]]r&rf;oD;tdrf b,frSmvJ? rjy&ifowfypfr,f}} [k atmf[pf ajymavawmh\/ xdktcg ukvm;at;armifonf
emusifvGef;ojzifh a&SUodkYTefjyvQif vli,fonf aqmifqGJ a&SUodkY oGm;jyef\/
vli,f\ aemufrS vdkufvHMunfhIaom vlrsm;rSmvnf; wpfpwpfp rsm;jym; vmavawmh\/ tcsKdUvlrsm;rSm
vdkufMunfhHkrQ r[kwfawmhbJ awGUorQwkwfrsm;? tkwfcJrsm;udkyif qGJudkif if;wdkYuyg atmf[pfum 'Daumifhudkygowfypfyg?
'Daumif vlawGudk EdSyfpufwmrsm;NyD[k qdkMuukef\/
vli,f\aemufwGif vdkufcJhaom vltkyfBuD;rSm wpfpwpfp rsm;onfxufrsm;vmavawmh\/ aemufydkif;wGif
vli,fonf r&rf;oD;\tdrfudk ukvm;at;armiftm; ar;&efrvdkawmhay/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf wcsKdUaomvlrsm;u
a&SUrSBudK oGm;um 'Dvrf;udk csKd;yg? [dkvrf;udk 0ifygESifh vrf;jyay;vsuf&SdaomaMumifhjzpf\/ aemufqHk;
r&rf;oD;aexdkifaom vrf;wGif;odkYa&muf&SdoGm;&m r&rf;oD;tdrfa&SUodkY vltcsKdUu BudKajy;oGm;NyD;vQif ]]'D[m r&rf;oD;tdrf}}
[k jyav\/ xdktcg vli,fonf r&rf;oD; tdrfodkY arQmf . . .
]]a[haumif . . . r&rf;oD;? xGufcJh? rxGuf&if rif;wynfhudk owfypfr,f}} [k atmf[pfavawmh\/
r&rf;oD;onf tdrftay:xyf 0&HwmrS xGuf MunfhI&mvnfyif;tSpfcHae&aom ol\wynfh
ukvm;at;armifudkvnf;aumif;? atmf[pfaeaom vli,fudkvnf;aumif;? aemufrSvltkyfBuD;udkaomfvnf;aumif;?
jrifawGU&avvQif tHhtm;oifhpGm MunfhIaeav\/
]]tJ'g r&rf;oD;aygh}} [k vltkyftwGif;rS wpfa,mufu vli,ftm; ajymvdkuf&m vli,fonf . . .
]]a[haumif . . .r&rf;oD;? qif;cJh}} [k atmf[pfav\/ vli,fatmf[pfvdkufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
vltkyfBuD;uvnf; ]]qif;cJh? a[h . . . r&rf;oD;? rdkufw,fqdk qif;cJhygvm;}} [k atmf[pfMu&m r&rf;oD;vnf; xdwfvefY
aemufaygufrS xGufajy;avawmh\/
r&rf;oD; qif;rvmonfhtcg vli,fonf r&rf;oD;\tdrfwGif;odkY 0ifa&muf &SmazG&m rawGUojzifh
wpftdrfvHk;&Sd
tdrfaxmify&dabm*rsm;udk
zsufqD;ypfavawmhonf/
auseyfavmufatmif
zsufqD;NyD;
vli,fjyefxGufvmonfhtcg ukvm;at;armiftm; 0dkif; dkufESufxm;Mu&m ajrmhajrmhomvQif &Sdavawmh\/
]]'Dae&mrSm r&rf;oD;vnf; rvdkcsifbl;? o&ufoD;vnf; rvdkcsifbl;? Akdvfvmus&if usKyfuawmh jzKwf&rSmyJ}} [k
vltkyfBuD;bufodkYvSnfh ajymvdkuf&m vltkyfBuD;onf vli,f\pum;udktm;&vGef;ojzifh ]]a[;}} [k atmf[pfum vli,ftm;
&Sifavmif;vSnfhouJhodkY 0dkif;0ef; xrf;ydk;NyD;vQif em&DwHqdyfvufzuf&nfqdkifodkY o,faqmifvmMuav\/ vltkyftwGif;rS
tcsKdUaomolrsm;u vli,ftm; AsKdU . . . q&m? emrnf b,fvdkac:ovJ[k atmf[pf ar;Mu&m vli,fu . . .
]]usKyfemrnf aus;NrD;}} [k ajzvdkuf&m vltkyfBuD;onf a[;ueJ nmoHay;vdkufNyD;aemuf q&maus;NrD;uG?
q&maus;NrD; [k atmf[pfMuavawmh\/
em&DwHqdyf vufzuf&nfqdkifodkY a&muf&Sdonfhtcg vli,fu vufzuf&nfqdkifrS qdkif;bkwfudk
jzKwfcsypfvdkufNyD;aemuf 'Dqdkif;bkwfudk zsufypfyg? aus;NrD; vufzuf&nfqdkifvdkYa&;&r,f[k trdefYay;vdkuf&m vltkyfBuD;onf
em&DwHqdyfvufzuf&nfqdkifqdkaom qdkif;bkwfudk zsufypfMuNyD;aemuf uGef;NcHaps;teD; armfawmfum;eHygwfa&;aomoltm;
ac:,lcJh qdkif;bkwfay: aus;NrD; vufzuf&nfqdkif[k a&;apNyD;vQif qdkif;bkwftopfwifvdkufavawmh\/
xdktcsdefrSp ,if;ukvm;vufzuf&nfqdkifuav;onf aus;NrD;vufzuf&nfqdkif[k wGif&pfav\/ ukvm;vlrdkuf
r&rf;oD;ESifh if;\wynfhrsm;vnf; vHk;0aysmufuG,foGm;avawmh\/ rsm;rMumrD xdk]]aus;NrD;vufzuf&nfqdkif}} tm;
ukefpdrf;a&mif;aom udkoef;aX;qdkolu ukvm;rsm;xHrS 0,f,lvdkufonf [l\/
vlxGm;BuD;onf aeYpOfaeYwdkif; tcsdefrSefrSef vufzuf&nfqdkifodkYvma&muf aus;NrD;tm; vufzuf&nf
wpfcGufwdkufNyD;vQif rkefYzufxkyf wpfxkyfay;um pum;wpfcGef;rS rajymbJ jyef oGm;av\/
vlxGm;BuD; tcsdefrSefouJhodkY cg;ukef;olawmif;pm;BuD;onfvnf; tcsdefrSefav\/ aus;NrD;uvnf;
vlxGm;MuD;xHrS &&Sdaom rkefYzufxkyftm; olawmif;pm;BuD;\ cGufxJodkY xnfhNrJtwdkif;xnfhoGm;onfcsnf;jzpf\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

vlxGm;BuD;vma&mufum aus;NrD;tm; vufzuf&nfwdkuf rkefYzufxkyfay;cJhonfrSm udk;&ufajrmufaomaeY


jzpfav\/ vlxGm;BuD;onf xHk;pHtwdkif; aus;NrD;tm; rkefYzufxkyfwpfxkyfay; xGufoGm;av\/ vlxGm;BuD;
xGufoGm;NyD;aemuf aus;NrD;onf rkefYzufxkyfudk aumuf,l 'Dtbdk;BuD; aeYwdkif;vmNyD; ay;oGm;wm t"dym,fawmh &Sdrnf?
t"dy,fod&atmif pm;MunfhOD;rSyJ[k pdwfawG;xifrdonfhtavsmuf rkefYtay:rSzufrsm;udk cGmypfvdkufNyD;vQif udkufpm;vdkuf&m
rkefYtwGif;rS rmausmaom t&m0wKwpfckudk a'gufceJ udkufvdkufrdav\/ xdkYaMumifh xdkt&m0wKtm; rkefYwGif;rS
qGJxkwfvdkuf&m a&S;a[mif;wkwfa&T'*Fg;jym;wpfjym; jzpfaeonfudk tHhMozG,f&m awGUjrif&avawmh\/
vli,fonf a&T'*Fg;jym;tm; tdwfwGif;odkYxnfhum qdkifrSxGufvdkufonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf
olawmif;pm;BuD;onf vli,f\a&SUodkY cGufxdk; cHav\/ vli,fonf olawmif;pm;BuD;tm; Munfh . . .

cg;ukef;aom

]]&Spfjym;awmif&aerS awmfa&ma&mayghAsm}} [k ajymvdkufNyD;vQif ormefqdyfbufodkY xGufoGm;avawmh\/


cg;ukef;olawmif;pm;BuD;onf
vli,f\aemufrS
awmifa0S;udk
wa'gufa'gufaxmufum
vdkufoGm;NyD;
vlol&Sif;aomae&modkYa&mufvQif cg;ukef;olawmif;pm;BuD;u vli,ftm; . . .
]]usKyf&xm;wJh &Spfjym;xJu av;jym;udk cifAsm;udk jyefay;rvdkYyg}} [k ajymavonf/
]]rvdkygbl;? cifAsm;&Nyd;om;[m cifAsm;ypnf;ayghAsm? ,loGm;yg}}
]]aumif;NyDav? cifAsm;twGuf vdktyfwJhtcgrSm tcsdefra&G;jyefNyD;awmif;yg? usKyfjyefay;yghr,f}}
]]rvdkygbl;? usKyfb,fawmhrS jyefNyD;rawmif;ygbl;}}
vli,fonf olawmif;pm;BuD;ESifh pum;qufrajymawmhbJ ormefqdyfodkY qif;oGm;avawmh\/
olawmif;pm;BuD;onf vli,ftm;Munfh usef&pfcJhNyD;vQif &&Sdxm;aom a&S;a[mif; '*Fg;&Spfjym;tm; xkwf
MunfhIum wpfpHkwpfcktm; av;av;eufeufpOf;pm;&if; usef&pfcJhavawmhownf;/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

S.O.S
wpfaeYo uREkfyf\ rdwfaqGBuD;qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifh uREkfyfwdkYonf tif;pdefpDtdkif'D&Sd uREkfyf\ Hk;cef;twGif;
tcsdefMumjrifhpGm pum;ajymcJhMuNyD;aemuf vufzuf&nfaomuf&eftwGuf Hk;BuD;zufodkY xGufvmcJhMuav\/
Hk;BuD;twGif;&Sd umumvufzuf&nfqdkifodkY a&mufvQif vufzuf&nfESpfcGufrSm,lvdkuf&m umumukvm;u
vufzuf&nfrcsao;rD prlqmyef;uefudk vma&muf csay;ojzifh uREkfyfvnf; prlqmwpfckudk aumuf,l a&aEG;Murf;ESifh
jrnf;avawmh\/ prlqmrSm qdwfom;prlqm jzpfonfhtjyif ylylaEG;aEG;vnf; jzpfaomaMumifh pm; aumif;onfjzpf&m
wpfckukefoGm;onfESifh aemufwpfckaumuf,lrdjyef\/
uREkfyfuom prlqmudk wpfckNyD;wpfck aumuf,lpm;aomufvsuf&Sdaomfvnf; udkESif;armifurl wpfckwpfavrQyif
pm;aomufjcif;r&Sdojzifh uREkfyfu . . .
]tdkifaq; . . . udkESif;armif? qdwfom;prlqmuav;pm;vdkufprf;ygOD;}} [k ajymaomfvnf; udkESif;armifu
rpm;vdkaMumif; acgif;,rf;jyav\/ tvdkufrodaom uREkfyfu prlqmwpfckudk aumuf,l udkESif;armiftm; pm;prf;ygAs[k
qdkum twif;xdk; ay;av&m udkESif;armifonf ol\xHk;pHtwdkif; rcdkYwdkYuav;NyHK;vdkufNyD;aemuf . . .
]]'Dukvm;awG vkyfwJh qdwfom;rkefYqdkwmawG[m rsm;aomtm;jzifh trJom;awG jzpfaewwfw,f tdkifyD}} [k
qdkav\/
]]cifAsm; trJom;rpm;bl;vm;? bmjzpfvdkYvJ}} [k uREkfyfu ar;av&m . . .
]]rsKd&ufayh olcHwGif;? wdkYvkyfonfhxrif;udk? wdkY[if;vsm tom;ESifh pm;Muonf jzpfeJudk wdkYtonf;emvdkufwm}}
qdkwJh EGm;arwmpmudk zwfNyD;uwnf;u trJom;pm;csifpdwf wpf0ufukefoGm;w,f? EGm;owfHkudk oGm;Munfhawmh
usefwJhpm;csifpdwf wpf0ufyg ukefoGm;w,f? wu,fawmh xrif;jzpfatmifvkyfay;wJh ow0g&JU tom;udk
xrif;eJYwGJNyD;pm;&rSmudk rpm;&ufawmhvdkYygyJ tdkifyD}} [k udkESif;armifu jyef ajymvdkufav\/
uREkfyfonf udkESif;armifajymrSyif trJom;ESifh yufouf av;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;rdawmh\/ EGm;udk vlwdkYonf
EGm;ycHk; tom;rmBuD;rsm; xonftxd xrf;ydk;wif cdkif;apcJhMu\/ EGm;ESifhyif qefpyg;udk &atmifvkyfcJhMu\/ qefonf
vl\vHkv oHk;yHkwpfyHkESifh EGm;\pGrf;tm; oHk;yHkESpfyHkcefYaygif;pyf &vmaom t&mjzpfay&m xdkqefudkcsuf&aom xrif;ESifh
xdkEGm;\tom;udk [if;tjzpfwGJpyf pm;aomufjcif;onf aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;Munfhygu vlom;\ r,Ofaus;aom
odkYwnf;r[kwf &SufzG,faumif;aom tjyKtrlyifjzpfayonf/
]]'Dvdk pOf;pm;Munfhygvm; tdkifyD}}
]]b,fvdkvJ? vkyfprf;ygOD;}}
]]vleJYEGm;eJY twlwlvkyfNyD;&vmwJh xrif;udk wu,fvdkYrsm; EGm;u tJ'Dxrif;eJY pm;zdkY&mtwGuf vludk
[if;vsmtjzpf pD&ifNyD; pm;wwfwJh ow0gqdkygpdkYAsm? usKyfwdkY vlawG[m EGm;udkb,fvdk oabmxm;MurvJ}} [k
udkESif;armifu ar;jref;av\/
]]cifAsm;ajymovdk EGm;u xrif;eJYpm;zdkY vludk [if;vsmtjzpf pD&ifwwfwJh ow0gqdk&ifawmh usKyfwdkY vlawG[m
xrif;udk rpm;bJ aecsifae&vdrfhr,f? EGm;udkawmh a0;a0;ua&Smif&awmhrSmayghAsm}} [k uREkfyfu ajymvQif . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]'gayr,fh EGm;crsm xrif;vJpm;wJh ow0gr[kwfbJeJY xrif;jzpfatmif vlawGudk vkyfay;aew,f? NyD;awmh


vlawGu olYudk [if;vsmtjzpf oabmxm;Muw,f? 'gayr,fh vlawGudk a&SmifroGm;bl;? tusKd;jyKNrJ jyKaew,f? b,favmuf
oem;p&maumif;wJh ow0grsKd;vJ tdkifyD}} [k udkESif;armifu jyef ajymvdkuf\/
]]awmfygawmh udkESif;armif? usKyfvJ 'Dtcsdefu pNyD; ygPkaywH toufxufqHk; trJom;udk rpm;awmhygbl;Asm?
wpfcgwnf; a&SmifvdkufygNyDvdkY cifAsm;udk uwday;ygw,f}} [k uREkfyfu ajymvQif udkESif;armifu . . .
]]om"kAsm . . . om"k . . . om"k}} [k qdkavawmh\/
udkESif;armifonf uREkfyfu trJom;udk ygPkaywH toufxufqHk; rpm;awmhygbl;[l uwday;vdkufjcif;aMumifh
vGefpGm0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;om jzpfoGm;onfhtavsmuf ausauseyfeyfBuD; om"k oHk;Budrf ac:vdkufjcif;jzpf\/
wdkufqdkifonfrSm udkESif;armif om"kac: NyD;onfESifhwNydKifeuf Hk;BuD;rS udkom"kqdkonfh bDvpfpma&;BuD;onf
usKyfwdkYteD;odkY a&mufvmojzifh uREkfyfwdkYonf pdwfwGif;rS usdwf NyHK;rdao;awmh\/
]]a[mh'DrSm qm;ykvif;ESif;armif? Hk;a&SUrSm uGrf;,moGm;0,fpm;wkef; vlwpfa,mufu ay;oGm;wm?
qm;ykvif;ESif;armifeJY tdkifyD OD;atmifoif; 'DqdkifrSm vufzuf&nfaomufaeMuw,fwJh? 'Dpmav; aus;Zl;NyKNyD;
oGm;ay;prf;ygqdkvdkY}} [k qdkum pma&;BuD; udkom"konf pmay;NyD;aemuf txufygtwdkif; ajymjyum xGufoGm;avonf/
pmtdwfay: ]]odkY qm;ykvif; ESif;armif}} [k a&;xm;onfudk awGU&av\/ pmtdwfudkazmufvdkufonfh tcg
twGif;rS pm&Gufacgufuav; xGufvmojzifh udkESif;armifu jzefY Munfhvdkuf&m atmufyg pmvHk;oHk;vHk;udk awGU&jyefav\/

S.O.S
]]udkESif;armif . . . tuf(pf) tdk tuf(pf) qdkygvm;? odyfNyD; ta&;BuD;wJh oabmyJ}} [k uREkfyfuajym&m
udkESif;armifu . . .
]][kwfw,f tdkifyD? tuf(pf) tdk tuf(pf) qdkwm
ajymvdkufav\/

'Save Our Souls'

u,fawmfrlygvdkY t"dym,f&wmyJ}} [k

]]b,fvdkvkyfrvJ udkESif;armif}} [k uREkfyfu ar;&m . . .


]]usKyfvJ 'gudkyJ pOf;pm;aewmyJ? u,fawmfrlygqdkwmawmh od&NyD? b,folUudk u,f&r,f? b,fae&mrSm
bmjzpfaevdkY u,f&r,fqdkwm awmfawmf ta&;BuD;aew,f? pmxJrSmuvJ bmrS jynfhjynfhpHkpHk ygwmvJ r[kwfbl;}} [k
udkESif;armifu ajymvdkufav\/
]]aeOD;Asm? pma&;BuD; udkom"kudk usKyfoGm;ac:cJhr,f? olYudk pmvmay;wJhvl[m b,fvdkyHko@mefrsKd;
qdkwmavmufawmh ajymjyEdkifygvdrfhr,f? 'DawmhrS cifAsm;vJ pOf;pm;EdkifrSmaygh}} [k qdkum uREkfyfvnf; udkESif;armifudk
xm;cJh Hk;BuD;ay:odkY wufcJhav\/ uREkfyfonf ta&;ydkifrif;\ Hk;cef;ab;&Sd 0&Hwmvrf;usOf;uav;rS ae
tajy;uav;oGm;a&muf&av\/
atmufydkif;eH&HwpfckvHk;
uGrf;wHawG;rsm;jzifh
tvSjc,fxm;onfh
bD;vpfpma&;BuD;
udkom"k\
Hk;cef;odkYa&mufvQif pmtkyfyHkBuD;rsm; twGif; acgif;udk iHkvsuf pm&if;rsm; a&;oGif;vsuf&Sdaom pma&;BuD;udkom"kudk
awGU&onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf . . .
]]pma&;BuD; cPav;vdkufcJhygOD;}} [k uREkfyfu tavmwBuD; ajymqdkaomfvnf; pma&;BuD;onf
uREkfyftm;csufcsif;armh rMunfhao;bJ a&;oGif;vufp *Pef;rsm;udk NyD;qHk;atmif a&;oGif;NyD; aemufrS armfMunfhum . . .
]][m . . . tdkifyD OD;atmifoif; ygvm;? usKyfu a&SUzufpma&; OD;tkef;ausmfrSwfvdkY}} [k qdkav\/
pma&;BuD; udkom"k ajymonfh a&SUzufpma&; tHk;ausmfqdkoludkvnf; uREkfyfaumif;pGm odayonf/ xdkolonf
ydefydefyg;yg; jzLjzLEGJUEGJU jzpf\/ uREkfyfuJhodkY wkwfwkwfcdkifcdkif vlwpfOD;ESifh rSm;,Gif;zG,f&mr&Sdyg/ toHrSmvnf; uREkfyfu
us,fus,favmifavmif ajymwwf\/ olajymonfh a&SUzwfpma&; tHk;ausmfrSm wdk;wdk;oufom ajymwwfoljzpf\/
pma&;BuD; udkom"konf 'D*&D av;&mcefY&Sdaom rsufrSefxlxlBuD;udk jzKwfvdkufNyD;aemuf rsufpdrsm;udk yGwfoyfum
rsufrSefudk jyef wyfav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]cPvdkufcJhygOD;}} [k uREkfyfu xyfajymrSyif pma&;BuD;u . . .


]]b,fudk vdkuf&rSmwHk;}} [k ol\em; vuf0g;av;udkum
pma&;BuD;um; rsufpdvGefpGm rIefHkru vGefpGmrSvnf; em;av;oljzpfayonf/

jyefvnfar;av\/

trSefpifppftm;jzifh

uREkfyfu vuf[efajc[efrsm;udkyg toHk;jyKum pum;ajym pma&;BuD;tm; udkESif;armifxHodkY ac:vmcJhav\/


vrf;vnf;
pmay;oGm;ol\
yHkyef;o@mefudk
ar;jref;Bunfh&m
rsufpdrIef
em;av;aeaom
pma&;BuD;
udkom"konfa&a&&m&m ajzqdkEdkifjcif; r&SdonfhtwGuf pdwfysufrdao;\/
pma&;BuD;xH pmoGm;ay;ol\ yHkyef;o@mefudkrQ rod&vQif uREkfyfwdkY&&Sdxm;aom ]]u,fawmfrlyg}} qdkonfhpmonf
oJvGefp &&Sd&ef rvG,fulawmhay/ odkY&mwGif uREkfyfonf pma&;BuD;tm; udkESif;armifxHodkY ta&muf ac:oGm;cJhav\/
]]pma&;BuD;ygvm;? vufzuf&nfaomufygOD;}} [k udkESif;armifu ajymav\/
udkESif;armifonf vufzuf&nfwpfcGufudk pma&;BuD;xdkifrnfh cHkzufodkY xdk; ay;av\/ pma&;BuD;vnf;
xdkifvdkufNyD;aemuf udkESif;armifay;aom vufzuf&nfcGufudk udkifvdkufav\/ xdktcg udkESif;armifu . . .
]]tdkifyD . . . vmAsKdU? tcsdefodyfr&Sdbl;? oGm;Mu&atmif}} [k qdkum vufzuf&nfqdkifrS cyfokwfokwf
xGufoGm;avonf/ uREkfyfvnf; bkrod brodESifhyif ol\aemufodkY vdkufygoGm;cJhav\/ em;av; rsufpdrIefaom
bD;vpfpma&;BuD; udkom"krSmrl vufzuf&nfaomuf&if; uREkfyfwdkYESpfOD;tm; tlaMumifaMumifESifh orifvnfjyefMunfhum
usef&pfcJhavawmh\/
Hk;BuD;a&SUodkYa&mufvQif udkESif;armifu uREkfyf\ armfawmfum;udk xkwfcJh&efajymojzifh uREkfyfonf
armfawmfum;ukd pDtdkif'D0if;twGif;rS armif;,lcJh&avonf/ udkESif;armifonf um;ay:odkY wufvdkufNyD;aemuf
]]vSnf;ul;bufudk armif;Asm}} [k qdkojzifh vSnf;ul;bufodkY OD;wnf armif;ESifcJh&avawmh\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

r,foDv&Sifavm
uREkfyfonf um;udk t&Sdefjyif;pGm armif;ESifcJh&m 'nif;ukef;&GmteD;odkYa&mufonfhtcg vrf;Murf;ojzifh
puf&SdefudkavQmh&av\/ puf&SdefavQmh armif;onfhtcg udkESif;armifESifh pum;ajym&av\/
]]tdkifaq; . . . pmtdwfay:rSmvJ odkY . . .qm;ykvif; ESif;armifqdkwJh pmyJygw,f? txJrSmuvJ tuf(pf) tdk
tuf(pf) qdkwJh pmvHk;oHk;vHk;ygw,f? tJ'gudk cifAsm;u b,fvdkrsm; pOf;pm;rdvdkY vSnf;ul;bufudk armifcdkif;&wmvJ}} [k
uREkfyfu ar;vdkufav\/
xdktcg ukdESif;armifonf if;taeESifh vGefpGmpGJvef;ESpfoufonfh *avpD,mac: a&cJawmifwHqdyfpD;u&ufudk
xkwf,lrD;dSNyD;aemuf . . .
]]'DvdkAs . . . pmay;wJhvl[m e*dkuwnf;u usKyfwdkYem;rSm &Sdaew,f? bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh a[m'Dpmuav;
oGm;ay;prf;yg?
qm;ykvif;ESif;armifeJY
tdkifyDOD;atmifoif;wdkY[m
Hk;0if;BuD;xJu
vufzuf&nfqdkifrSm
vufzuf&nfaomufaeMuw,fvdkY pma&;BuD;udkom"kudk aoaocsmcsmajymNyD;rS ay;cdkif;vdkufwmAs? NyD;awmh usKyfwdkYudk
pmvmay;wJh tcsdefrSm &Gmrbuf(vSnf;ul;bufrSvmaom um;vrf;) u um;wpfpD;rS rvmao;bl;? &efukefbufuvmwJh
um;wpfpD;om
&Gmrbufudk
armif;oGm;wmawGU&w,f?
'gaMumifh
tJ'Dum;udk
rDvdkrDjim;
cifAsm;udk
vSnf;ul;bufarmif;cdkif;&wm}} [k at;aq;pGm ajymav\/
]]vSnf;ul;bufudk armif;oGm;wJh um;wpfpD; jrifvdkufw,fqdkwmu bmum;vJAs}} [k uREkfyfu ajymvdkuf&m . . .
]]bwfpfum;As? vSnf;ul;eJY &efukefudk qGJwJhum;As}} [k qm;ykvif;ESif;armifu ajymav\/
]]um;udkawGUNyDxm;ygOD;? um;ay:rSmu c&D;onfawGu trsm;BuD; ygvmrSm? 'Dpmay;wJhvl[m b,folb,f0g
jzpfw,fqdkwmudk cGJjcm;zdkYu rcufaybl;vm; udkESif;armif}} [k uREkfyfu jyef ar;vdkufav\/
]]r[kwfbl; tdkifyD? tckusKyfwdkY vSnf;ul;bwfpfum;udk vdkufayr,fvdkY pmay;wJhvludkawmh awGUrSmr[kwfbl;As?
tJ'Dvlu vrf;rSmwifbJ qif;aecJhr,fhvlyg}} [k udkESif;armifu jyefajymav\/
]]'gjzifh&if bmjzpfvdkY tJ'Dbwfpfum;aemufudk vdkufrSmvJ udkESif;armif}} [k uREkfyfu ar;vdkufjyef\/
]]usKyf&JU tpDtpOfuawmh vSnf;ul;bwfpfum;udk trDvdkufr,f? tJ'DusawmhrS py,ff,mudk tif;pdefHk;em;u
wufwJh c&D;onf[m b,fvdkyHko@mef&Sdw,fqdkwmudk ar;&r,f? NyD;awmh b,frSmqif;oGm;w,fqdkwmudkvJar;&r,f}} [k
qm;ykvif;ESif;aarmifu ajymvdkufav\/
udkESif;armifonf txufygtwdkif; uREkfyf\ ar;cGef;rsm;udk &Sif;vif;ajzMum;NyD;aemuf pD;u&ufudk EIwfcrf;zsm;
awhHkrQawhum rsufpdudk arS; aeav\/
uREkfyfonf udkESif;armifESifh twlwGJzuf trIaygif;rsm;pGm vdkufvmcJhzl;onfjzpf&m udkESif;armif\ tusifhudk
odae\/ wpfenf;qdk&ygrl udkESif;armif\"mwfudk odae\/
udkESif;armifonf ta&;BuD;aom awG;vHk;rsm;udk awG;ac:&m uJhodkY rsufpdrsm;udkarS;xm;wwfav\/
odkYpuKtmHkudk csKyfwnf;vdkufNyD;aemuf OD;aESmufudk raerem; tvkyfvkyfapwwfavonf/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

uREkfyfvnf; vrf;Murf;aomae&mudk ausmfvGefonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf puf&Sdefudkjrifh armif;ESifcJh&m ca&yifvrf;cGJ[k


ac:qdkaom ae&modkYa&mufvQif usKduvdkYbufodkY OD;wnf armif;av\/ xdktcg rsufpdarS; pOf;pm;aeaom
udkESif;armif\ EIwfcrf; awh xm;aom pD;u&ufonf wdkaeNyDjzpfojzifh EIwfcrf;rS jzKwfum ypfvdkufNyD;vQif
topfwpfvdyfrD;dS . . .
]]a[m'DtrI[m awmfawmfudk IyfaxG;r,fh trIyJ tdkifyD? tckusKyfwdkYqDudk ay;wJhpm[mvnf; wu,fawmh
usKyfwdkYudk ydwfwJh ydwfuGufwpfckom jzpfw,fAs}} [k qdkav\/ uREkfyfonf udkESif;armifajymonfh t"dym,fudk
aumif;pGmem;rvnfojzifh . . .
]]b,fvdk ydwfuGufvJ? &Sif;prf;ygOD; udkESif;armif}} [k ar;&av\/
]]'DvdkavAsm? ppfwk&ifxdk;wJhtcgrSm tifrweftm;aumif;wJh ppfuJvdkaumifBuD;udk ra&TUEdkifatmif]e,f} vdkYac:wJh
bmr[kwfwJh aumifav;eJY ydwfxm;avh&Sdw,fr[kwfvm;? tJ'Dvdk ydwfuGufuav; a&TUNyD;rS wpfzufu rif;BuD;udk
0ifNyD;acGavh&Sdwmudk;}} [k qm;ykvif;ESif;armifu ajymav\/
]]tif; . . . [kwfw,fAsKdU}} [k uREkfyfu ajym&m qm;ykvif;ESif;armifu . . .
]]tckvJ usKyfudk vdyfpmryg? emrnfrygwJh tuf(p) tdk tuf(p) qdkwJh bmr[kwfwJh pmuav;wpfapmifay;NyD;
tvkyfIyfatmif vkyfxm;r,f? usKyfwdkY[m tJ'DpmtwGuf tvkyfIyfaewkef; olwdkY[m trIBuD;wpfckudk usL;vGefMuvdrfhr,f
xifw,f? 'gaMumifh a[m'Dpm[m ppfwk&ifpum;eJY ajym&&if e,feJYydwfwJh ydwfuGufuav;wpfckyJAs? NyD;rS rif;BuD;udk
acGvdrfhr,f xifw,f}}
udkESif;armifonf txufygtwdkif; ppfwk&ifpum;ESifh Oyrmxm; uREkfyftm;&Sif;jyvdkufrSyif uREkfyfvnf;
t"dym,faygufavawmh\/ odkY&mwGif uREkfyftzdkY ar;p&mwpfck usefaeayonf/ xdkpmonf vkyfBuHvDq,f uREkfyfwdkYtm;
tvkyfrsm;ap&efjyKvkyfrSef; odygvsufESifh udkESif;armifonf xdkpmaemufodkY tb,faMumifh ajc&mcH&ef vdkufae&ygoenf;/
xdkYaMumifh uREkfyfonf udkESif;armiftm;ar;&av\/
]][kwfygNyD udkESif;armif? usKyfwdkYudk oufouftvkyfIyfatmif vkyfrSef;odygvsufeJY 'Dpmaemufudk bmaMumifh
ajc&mcHNyD;vdkufae&wmvJAsm}}
]]tdkifyD ar;r,fqdk&ifvJ ar;zdkYaumif;ygw,f? tckvdk vdkufMunfhwmuawmh usKyfwdkYudk vSnfhpm;zdkY BuHwJhvlawG[m
b,fvdkvlpm;awG jzpfw,fqdkwm odxm;zdkY vdkw,fr[kwfvm;}} [k qm;ykvif;ESif;armifu ajym&m . . .
]]tif; . . . [kwfayom;yJAsKdU? 'geJYaeprf;ygOD;? tJ'Dpmudk ay;oGm;wJhvlawG[m b,fvdkvlpm;awG jzpfw,fqdkwm
ajymEdkifNyDvm; udkESif;armif}} [k uREkfyfu ar;vdkufav\/
]]'Dpmay;oGm;wJhvl[m aq;iHkwJh vlwpfa,mufqdkwm&,f? yifv,fa&aMumif;c&D; tajrmuftrsm; oGm;vmzl;NyD;?
wnfhwnfhajym&&if yifv,f"m;jyvkyfcJhzl;NyD; txufwef;usus aexdkifavh&SdwJh vlwpfa,mufu a&;vdkufwJhpm
jzpfw,fqdkwm&,f? wpfpHkwpfa,mufudk ydkifaygufudkifNyD; aiGSpfzdkY BudK;pm;aew,fqdkwm&,fu vGJNyD; usKyftaeeJY bmrS
rajymEdkifao;bl; tdkifyD}} [k udkESif;armifu jyef ajymvdkufav\/
]]tr,fav; udkESif;armif . . cifAsm;bmrS rajymEdkifao;bl;qdkwmuvJ pma&;ay;vdkufwJh vl&JUemrnfeJY
rdbrsKd;dk;udk ajymjyzdkYyJ usefawmhygvm;Asm}} [k uREkfyfu ajymqdk &,farmvdkufav\/
]][J . . . [J . . . tdkifyDa& a&SUem;rSm vSnf;ul;bwfpfum;[m &yfNyD; ukefawGcsaew,fAs? tJ'Dum;aemufrSmyJ
&yfvdkufAsKdU}} [k ukdESif;armifu qdkojzifh uREkfyfvnf; ukefwifukefcs vkyf aeaom vSnf;ul;bwfpfum;aemuf uREkfyf\
um;udk &yfvdkufav\/ udkESif;armifESifh uREkfyfonf um;ay:rSqif;oGm;NyD;vQif ukefwifukefcsvkyfaeaompy,f,mudk ac:
ar;jref;&av\/
]]'DrSm ighnD? tif;pdefHk;BuD;a&SUuae rif;wdkYum;udkpD;NyD; vdkufvmwJhvludk ighnDrSwfrdovm;}}
]]rSwfrdygw,f q&m? oDv&Sifwpfyg;As}} [k py,f&mu ajymav\/
]]a[ . . . r,foDv&Sif . . . [kwfvm;}} [k qm;ykvif;ESif;armifu ar;jyef&m . . .
]][kwfygw,fcifAs? t&yfjrifhjrifh axmifaxmifarmif;armif; r,foDv&SifBuD;cifAs? vlwpfa,mufeJYpum;ajymae&if;
uRefawmfwdkYum;qdkufawmh wufvdkufvmwm? 'nif;ukef;usawmh qif;NyD;aecJhw,fAs}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]Mo}} [k uREkfyfu a&&Gwfrdav\/ udkESif;armifawG;xifonfhtwdkif; [kwfayNyD[kvnf; pdwfwGif;


atmufarhrdav\/ py,f&mav;ajymaom r,foDv&SifqdkonfrSm r,foDv&Siftppf rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ r[kwfEdkif?
uREkfyfwdkYxHodkY vm pmay;aom vlqdk;yif jzpf&ayrnf[k uREkfyfvnf; pOf;pm;rdav\/ xdktcsdef um;py,f&mav;onf
um;ay:rSqif;vmMuaom c&D;onfrsm;xHrS bwfpfum;cudk awmif;,l usyfwefrsm;udk tdwfwGif;odkY xnfhNyD;vQif
ta<ursm;udkrl pvG,fodkif;vG,fxm;aom vG,ftdwfwGif;odkY xnfhaeav\/
c&D;onfrsm; qif;NyD;HkrQru ukefypnf;rsm;yg csay;NyD;jzpfygvsuf um;xGuf&ef tcsufrjyojzifh
bwfpfum;'dkifbmonf OD;acgif;udkxkwf vSnfhMunfhNyD;vQif ]]a[haumif . . . armifyg? NyD;&ifvJ vkyfavuGm}} [k
atmfvdkuf&m py,f,muav;u ]]uJ . . . q&mwdkY oGm;r,fAsm}} [k uREkfyfwdkYtm; EIwfqufNyD;vQif ]]qGJAsKdU}} [k qdkum
vnfyif; BudK;jzifhvG,fxm;aom ]]c&m}}udk ]]&TD}} ceJ rIwfvdkufvQif pdwfwdkaom 'dkifbmvnf; um;udk aqmifh
armif;xGufoGm;avawmh\/
um;xGufoGm;NyD;aemuf uREkfyfu udkESif;armif\rsufESmudk Munfhvdkufav\/ uREkfyf\ tMunfh
]]b,fudkarmif;ay;&rvJ udkESif;armif}} [laom ar;cGef;ygav\/ udkESif;armifonf um;ay:odkYwufvdkufNyD;vQif ]]Hk;udkyJ
jyefMuwmaygh}} [k qdkojzifh uREkfyfvnf; vmvrf;twdkif; jyef armif;ESifcJhavawmh\/
uREkfyfonf um;armif;&if; udkESif;armifonf r,foDv&Sifa,mifaqmif udk,fa,mifazsmufoGm;aom vlqdk;tm;
rnfodkYrnfyHk ajc&mcHrnfenf;[k pOf;pm;aerdav\/ uREkfyfonf um;udk tjrefqHk;rdkifEHI;odkY wif armif;cJh&m rMumrDyif
'nif;ukef;&GmteD;odkY jyefvnfa&muf&Sdvmavawmh\/ xdktcg udkESif;armif\ rsufESmudk Munfhvkduf&m rcsKdrcsOf NyHK;pp
trlt&mrsKd;udkawGU&ojzifh tlaMumifaMumif jzpf oGm;avawmh\/
]]tdkifaq; . . . udkESif;armif? bmudk oabmusaewmvJAs}} [kar;vdkuf&m udkESif;armifonf &,fcsifpdwfudk
atmifhxm;&mrS uREkfyfu ar;vdkufonfhtcgwGif qufvuf ratmifhEdkifawmhbJ w[J[JESifh &,farmvsuf . . .
]]usKyfwdkYjzifh cH&NyDAsKdU? a>rayG; ydk;xdqdkwm 'grsKd;ayghAs? tdkifyDa& . . . aemifrsm; usKyftaeeJY usKyfudkusKyf
awmfvSNyD wwfvSNyDvdkY aoG;em;xifa&mufvm&if 'nif;ukef;rSm qif;oGmwJh r,foDv&SifvdkY ajymNyD; owday;prf;ygAsm}} [k
ajymav\/ uREkfyfu t"dym,f em;rvnfojzifh . . .
]]b,fvdkvJ udkESif;armif}} [k ar;&av\/
]]usKyfwdkYudk tuf(pf)-tdk-tuf(pf) qdkwJh pmay;oGm;wm wjcm;vlr[kwfbl;As}} [k udkESif;armifu ajymav\/
]]b,folvJ udkESif;armif}} [k uREkfyfu ar;jyef&m . . .
]]b,fol&rSmwkef;As? vSnf;ul;um;u armifygqdkwJh py,f,mav;As}} [k udkESif;armifu ajymav\/
]]'geJY oluajymawmh r,foDv&Sifqdk}} [k uREkfyfu ar;vdkuf&m . . .
]]b,fuvm r,foDv&Sif&rSmwkef;As? olrS oltppf? usKyfwdkY um;[m olwdkYum;eJY bmrSuGmwmr[kwfbJAs?
olajymwJhtwdkif; r,foDv&Sifwpfa,muf a[m'D 'nif;ukef;rSm qif;oGm;w,fqdk&if [dkbufrSmvnf;uGif;? 'DbufrSmvJ
uGif;csnf;bJ[m jrif&rSmaygh}} [k qm;ykvif;ESif;armiu ajymav\/
]]r,foDv&Sifudk &SmrawGUwmeJY py,f&mav;udk xif&rSmvm; udkESif;armif}} [k uREkfyfuar;&m . . .
]]'Dvkdr[kwfbl;As? usKyfajymcJhw,f r[kwfvm;As? 'Dpmudk ay;cJhwJhvl[m aq;iHkw,fqdkwJh tcsufav/ NyD;awmh
taetxdkif[m odyfNyD;txufwef;usw,f qdkwJhtcsuf}} [k qm;ykvif;ESif;armifu ajymav\/
]]tif; . . . [kwfw,f}} [k uREkfyfu ajym&m qm;ykvif;ESif;armifu . . .
]]aq;iHkw,fqdkwmu pmtdwfudk zGifhNyD;aumfokwfwJhae&mrSm erf;Munhfawmh aq;&GufBuD;eH &wmudkajymwmAs?
taetxdkif odyfNyD;txufwef;usw,ff qdkwmu pma&;puL [m taumif;pm; ua&mhpav pma&;puLudk
toHk;jyKxm;wm&,f a&;xm;wJh pmvHk;oHk;vHk;&JU rifusrifeudkMunfhNyD; ywfum; *sL;zdk; vdk tzdk;wef azmifwdefeJY a&;xm;wm
jzpfw,fvdkY qHk;jzwf&wm&,faMumifh jzpfw,f}} [k ajymav\/
]]tif; . . . [kwfayw,fAsKdU}}
]]r[kwfeJYOD; tdkifyD? qufNyD; ajym&OD;r,f? txufwef;uswJhvlrsm;[m BudKufwwf&if aq;jyif;vdyf aq;wH
pwJh[mawGudk aomufaumif;aomufayrJhvdkY aq;awmhjzifh iHkcJw,fAs? tck usKyfawGUwJhtcsufrSm aq;iHkw,f qdkwJhtcsufeJY
txufwef;usw,f qdkwJh tcsuf[m qefYusifaew,f? 'Dawmh bmjzpfEdkifovJ qdkawmh pma&;wmu wpfa,muf?

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

pmay;cgeD;rSm pmtdwfay:rSm ]odkY qm;ykvif; ESif;armif} qdkwJh pmudk a&;NyD; pmtdwfudk wHawG;qGwfNyD; ydwfwmu
wpfa,mufjzpfaew,f}}
]][kwfayom;yJ}}
]]'Dae&mrSm pOf;pm;p&m wpfcsuf&Sdw,f? pma&;wJhvl[m pmtdwfudkyg wpfcgwnf; bmjzpfvdkY ydwfNyD;ray;wmvJ
qdkwJhtcsufyJ? tJ'guawmh yxrawmh olwdkY[m pmwdkufuaexnfhzdkYyJ? 'gayr,fhvdkY pmwdkufuaexnfhae&if MumaerSmpdk;vdkY?
rlvpmtdwfudk qkwfypfNyD; pmay;cgeD;rS pmtdwftopfwpfvHk; vrf;u0,fNyD; ]odkY . . . qm;ykvif;ESif;armif} qdkwJhpmudk
uysmu,ma&;NyD;rS ydkYwmjzpf&r,f}}
]]tif; . . . pOf;pm;p&myJ udkESif;armif}}
]]uJ . . . 'Dawmh &efukefbufudk oGm;wJh armfawmfum;u rawGUao;bl;? vSnf;ul;bufudk oGm;wJh
bwfpfum;wpfpD;yJ awGUao;w,f? pmay;wJhvl[m tJ'D vSnf;ul;bufudkoGm;wJh um;eJY vdkufoGm;Edkifw,fqdkNyD; usKyfwdkY
vdkufcJhMuwmr[kwfvm;}}
]]tif;av . . .}}
]]tJ'DrSm
py,f,mudkar;awmh
r,foDv&Sif
wpfyg;qdkwJh
tajzudk&w,f?
r,foDv&SifrS
axmifaxmifarmif;armif;vdkY qdkxm;avawmh a,musfm;wpfa,mufuae r,foDv&Sif a,mifaqmifxm;wmudk usKyfwdkY
pOf;pm;rdjyefw,f}}
]]tif;av . . . [kwfayom;yJ}}
]]'gayr,fh tjyefrSm usKyftaeeJY pOf;pm;Munfhvdkufawmh usKyfwdkY[m aumif;aumif;BuD;tESyfcHvdkuf&aMumif;
xif&Sm;aew,f usKyfajymjyr,f}}
[k qdkum udkESif;armifonf pD;u&ufwpfvdyfudk xkwf aomufNyD;vQif quf ajymjyefonfrSm . . .
]]py,,&muav;[m c&D;onfawGuay;wJh bwfpfum;c ydkufqHawGudk usyfwefqdk&if tustdwfxJudk
xnfhxm;w,f? ta<uqdk&if vG,ftdwfxJudk xnfhw,f r[kwfvm;}}
]]tif;}}
]]'Dvdk qdk&if olY&JUcg;rSm vHkcsnfeJY vdyfNyD;xm;wJh oHbl;0dkif;uav;[m bmjzpfrvJ tdkifyD}}
]]rodbl;av}}
]]oltNrJiHkwJh aq;&GufBuD;As}}
]]Mo . . . [kwfr,fAsKdU}}
]]NyD;awmh 'dkifbmu olUudk armifygvdkYac:w,f? ac:cgeD;rSm enf;enf;qdkif;NyD;rS ac:wm? 'Dtcsuf[m emrnfudk
aumif;aumif;rusufrdao;bl;qdkwmudk azmfjyw,f? NyD;awmh armifyg qdkwJh emrnfrsKd;[m r&if;ESD;ao;&ifom
armifygvdkYac:wmAs? &if;ESD;NyDqdk&if ]tyg} vdkY ac:avh&Sdw,f? 'Dtcsuf[m py,f,meJY 'dkifbm[m r&if;ESD;ao;bl;qdkwmudk
azmfjywmyJ}} [k qm;ykvif;ESif;armifu ajymav\/
]][kwfNyDAsKdU}}
]]'Dae&mrSm py,f,meJY 'dkifbm wpfOD;udk wpfOD; r&if;ESD;ao;bl; qdkayr,fh b,fol[m vlopf? b,fol[m
vla[mif;qdkwm cGJjcm;zdkYvdkao;w,f? 'dkifbmu tckrS a&mufvmwJh olqdk&ifvnf; 'DvdkyJ r&if;rESD; jzpfEdkifao;wmudk;}}
]][kwfw,f udkESif;armif}}
]]tJ'Dtcsufudk pOf;pm;wJhae&mrSm py,f,m[m 'dkifbmudk ]qGJAsKdU} vdkYajymw,f? trSefuawmh py,f,mawG[m
]cdk;vdk;q&m} vdkY ajymavh&Sdw,fAs? 'Dae&mrSm py,f,m[m py,f,mtom;rusao;yJ jzpfaew,f? aemufwpfcsufuawmh
py,f,mouf&ifhaewJh py,f,m[m vufacgufrIwfavh&Sdw,fAs? c&mudk toHk;jyKcJw,f? 'Dtcsuf[m usKyfwdkYawGUcJhwJh
armifygqdkwJhaumifav;[m py,f,mvkyfouf rMumao;bl;vdkY tcdkiftrmqdkEdkifwJh tcsufyJ}} [k qm;ykvif;ESif;armifu
&Sif;jy\/
]]tif; . . . aphaphawG;awmhvnf; wa&;a&;ay:vmygvm; udkESif;armif&,f}} [k uREkfyfu ajym&avonf/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]NyD;awmh usKyfwdkYudk 'dkifbmu pHkaxmufawGrSef; rod&Smbl;? 'gaMumifh aemufudk vSnfhMunfhNyD; py,f,mudk ]a[h
. . . armifyg? NyD;&ifvJ vkyfavuGm} qdkNyD; um;xGufzdkY avmaqmfvdkufw,fAs? 'gayr,fh armifyguawmh usKyfwdkY[m
t&yf0wft&yfpm;awG 0wfxm;ygvsuf usKyfwdkYum;[mvJ pDtdkif'Du um;rSef;rodatmif dk;dk;atmfpwifum;jzpfygvsufeJY
usKyfwdkYESpfOD;pvHk;udk pHkaxmufawGqdkwm odaew,f? 'DtcsufuyJ ol&JU qufqHyHkudk Munfh&iftrsm;BuD; ay:vGifaew,f}}
]]q&mac:NyD; aumif;aumif;rGefrGef dkdkaoaoar;orQudkvHk;aphywfaphajzwmudk ajymwmvm; udkESif;armif}}
]]tppfayghAs . . . armifawmfum; py,f,mavmuf vlawGudk yrmrcefY <uyfqwfqwf ajymwwfwmavmuBuD;rSm
b,fol&SdvdkYwkef;? olu py,f,mtppfr[kwfwJh tjyif usKyfwdkYudk bmawGvJqdkwm odaeavawmh qufqHyHku
wpfrsKd;jzpfaewmaygh? 'gaMumifh usKyfwdkYudk vdyfpmrygbJ tuf(pf)-tdk-tuf(pf) qdkwJhpmudk ay;oGm;wm[m tJ'Dpy,f,myJ
jzpf&r,fvdkY twyfajymEdkifwmaygh tdkifyD}} [k qm;ykvif;ESif;armifu ajym&m . .
]]tif; . . . 'Dtwdkif;qdk&ifawmh w,fNyD;rvG,fbl; xifw,fAsKdU}} [k uREkfyfu cdkom;tkyfrBuD;uJhodkY
nnf;nLvdkufavawmh\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

xl;qef;aom vufxdyfom;av;wpfpHk
vGefpGmvQdKU0Suf vGefpGmrSvnf; tawG;&cufaom tuf(pf)-tdk-tuf(pf) qdkonfh pmwpfapmif&&SdNyD; rsm;rMumrD
&uftwGif; uREkfyfwdkY tif;pdefpHkaxmufXmewpfckvHk; tvkyfIyfaeawmh\/
&efukefNrdKU pufqef;&yf irdk;&dyfacsmif;teD;(,ck omauw wHwm;BuD;teD;) ESpfavmif;NydKif vlowfrIBuD;
jzpfoGm;aMumif;
ykZGefawmif*gwfrS
taMumif;Mum;onfhtjyif
vlowform;onf
rnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif;
razmfxkwfEdkifHkrQru towfcH&olrsm;onfyif rnfolrnf0gwdkY jzpfMuonf[k ykZGefawmif*gwfrS rajymEdkifao;aMumif;udkyg
xnfhoGif;ajymMum; uREkfyfwdkY tif;pdef pDtdkif'D ac: pHkaxmufXmecsKyfodkY tultnDawmif;avawmh\/
&efukefykvdyfrif;BuD; rpwmpwD;0yfuvnf; uREkfyfwdkY pDtdkif'DodkY wpfem&DvQif wpfBudrfus w,fvDzkef;quf
vlowfrI ray:ao;bl;vm;? towfcH&olawG[m b,folawGvJ ponfjzifh ar;jref;aeav\/ ydkqdk;onfrSm bk&ifcH
qmtmcsDabm
a'gufuvyf
a&muf&Sdaeonfh
tcsdefESifh
BuHKBudKufaeonfjzpf&m
&efukefykvdyfrif;BuD;onf
ESpfavmif;NydKifvlowfrIESifhywfouf a&iwfol a&awmif;ouJhodkY w&m;cHrnfoljzpfonfudk em&Drvyf awmif;qdk
aeav\/
uREkfyfwdkY\ pHkaxmufrif;BuD; rpwmu&pfyifuvnf; uREkfyfwdkYtm; ol\ Hk;cef;odkUac:,lum . . .
]]vluav;wdkY . . . tckjzpfyGm;wJh ESpfavmif;NydKifvlowfrIudk tjrefqHk; ay:aygufatmif vkyfyg?
ay:atmifvkyfEdkifwJhvludk emrnfaumif;vufrSwfavmufom r[kwfygbl;? &mxl;wpfqifh wdk;ay;zdkY uREkfyfwm0ef,lygw,f}}
[k t"dym,f&aom t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh ajymav\/
xdkodkYajymNyD;aemuf . . .
]uREkfyfwdkY pDtdkif'D&JU ol&Jaumif;BuD; qm;ykvif;ESif;armifaum rawGUygvm;? Hk;udka&muf&if uREkfyfqDudk
vmzdkYajymyg? qm;ykvif;ESif;armifomvdkuf&if 'DtrI[m tjrefqHk;ay:Edkifygw,f? olb,fudkoGm;ovJ vdkuf&SmNyD;ac:cJhprf;yg}}
[k pHkaxmufrif;BuD;u udkESif;armifudk ar;jref;av\/ uREkfyfonf udkESif;armiftwGuf tajz&usyfaeav\/
udkESif;armifonf *sKAvDa[mwGif jyKvkyfaom wa,mvufoHNydKifyGJodkY oGm;a&muf em;axmifrnfjzpfaMumif; uREkfyfudk
ajymoGm;\/
uREkfyfwpfa,mufwnf;udkom ajymoGm;vQif taMumif;r[kwfay? tu,f rif;BuD;u ZGwfar;vmvQif MunfhI
oifhawmfatmif ajzvdkufEdkifayonf/ ,ckrl pHkaxmufudkatmifjrifhESifh uREkfyfpum;ajymaepOf raeYuwnf;u . . .
]]tdkifyD
eufjzefudk
usKyfawmh
Hk;udk
rvmEdkifbl;Asm?
*sLAvDa[mrSm
wa,mNydKifyGJ&Sdw,fAs?
tJ'gudkoGm;NyD;em;axmifaer,f}} [k twdtvif; ajymoGm;onf jzpf&m uREkfyfu vdrfajymonfxm;OD;? pHkaxmuf
udkatmifjrifhu zGifhajymvdrfhrnfjzpfayonf/
rif;BuD;uvnf; uREkfyfwdkYtm; aphaphMunfhum . . .
]]tdk . . .vGefpGmwdwfqdwfwJh vluav;awGygvm;? uREkfyfu qm;ykvif;b,frSmvJvdkY ar;aewmudk wdwfqdwfpGm
ae aeMuw,f? tajzray;Muygvm;}} [k qdkavawmh\/ xdktcg e*dkuyif udkESif;armiftm; acsmufwGef;&ef tcGifhta&;udk
apmifh aeaom pHkaxmufudkatmifjrifhonf EIwfoGufvQmoGufESifh . . .
]]qm;ykvif;ESif;armif *sLAvDa[mu wa,mNydKifyGJudk oGm;NyD;em;t&omcHaeygw,f rif;BuD;}} [k udkESif;armiftm;
pnf;twGif;rS 'kuay;vdkufav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

udkESif;armiftm; odkY 'kuay;vdkufonfudk oabmrusaom vuf0g;udkudkBuD;u pHkaxmufudkatmifjrifhtm;


rsufapmif;xdk; Munfhvdkufav\/
pHkaxmufudkatmifjrifh\ pum;aMumifh pHkaxmufrif;BuD;u . . .
]]tdk. . . [dk. . . igwdkY pDtdkif'DXmewpfckvHk; a&mrNrdKUBuD;rD;awmufovdk jzpfaewJhtcsdefrSm
eDdk;bk&ifwa,mxdk;aeEdkif&ufovdk qm;ykvif;ESif;armifuvJ wa,mxdk;aewmudk;? at; . . . at;? tdkifyDarmifatmifoif;?
qm;ykvif;ESif;armifudk wpfa,mufa,muf vTwfNyD; ac:cdkif;vdkufyg? rif;wdkYtm;vHk; tcif;jzpfyGm;wJhae&mudk
tjrefqHk;oGm;Muayawmh}} [k qdkav\/
uREkfyfonf Hk;rS jymwmuav;armifwif0if;tm; *sLAvDa[modkY
rSmMum;NyD;vQif tjcm;pHkaxmufrsm;enf;wl tcif;jzpfyGm;&modkY xGuf vmcJhav\/

vdkufoGm;

udkESif;armiftm;ac:cJh&ef

ae&m tvsOf;oifh uREkfyfwdkY pDtdkif'DrS pHkaxmufrsm;taMumif;udk azmfjy&ayrnf/ uREkfyfwdkY pDtdkif'DwGif&Sdaom


vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm; (Nick Name) epfedrf; ac: ajymifavSmif ac:aom emrnfajymifrsm; &SdMuayonf/
w&m;cHtm; vGefpGmBuD;rm;aom vuf0g;BuD;jzifh dkufESufaomaMumifh OD;udkudkBuD;qdkoltm; vuf0g;udkudkBuD;[k
ac:\/ tom;rnf;aom pHkaxmuf udkoef;armiftm; ukvm;eufoef;armif[k ac:\/ ydefuyfuyfEdkifvSaom
pHkaxmufudkpdefvStm; dIufukef;[k ac:\/ xdktxJwGif ]rESJav;} [k tac:cH&aom pHkaxmufudkatmifjrifhrSmrl emrnfESifh
tHt0ifqHk; olwpfa,mufjzpfayonf/ ewfuem;yGJrsm; rESJav;ewf0if pum;ajymouJhodkY toHuav;wanmifanmifESifh
ajymwwfaomaMumifh ol\ arG;&mygtm;enf;rItm; tay:vGifqHk; aemufajymifxm;jcif;yifjzpf\/
pDtdkif'DrS pHkaxmufrsm;onf olYxufigomatmif NydKifqdkifvsuf&SdMu\/ xdkodkY NydKifqdkifonf qdk&mvnf;
w&m;ojzifh NydKifqdkifjcif;r[kwfyJ wpfOD;udkwpfOD; acsmufwGef;jcif;jzifh NydKifqdkifaeMujcif;om jzpfayonf/
xdkolrsm;teufrS ]rESJav;} [k tac:cH&aom pHkaxmufudkatmifjrifhrSm tqdk;qHk;? t,kwfrmqHk;yif jzpfayonf/
udkESif;armifonf vlawmfwpfa,mufjzpfaMumif; uREkfyfodouJhodkY olvnf;odayonf/
odkY&mwGif udkESif;armiftm; Budwf remvdkjzpfaeonfh ol\ pdwf,kwfrmrsm;aMumifh uREkfyfwdkYuJhodkY
udkESif;armiftm; vlawmfjzpfaMumif; rcsD;rGrf;HkrQru ]tvm;um;ygAsm? uHpGyfNyD; trIawGay:aewmyg} [k ol\
jymESrf;ESrf;toHuav;jzifh uJh&JUwwfayonf/ tcGifh&wdkif;vnf; udkESif;armiftm; pum;ESifhESdrfovdk jyKvkyfwwfayonf/
odkY&mwGif udkESif;armifurl if;tm;wkzuf ajym&efyif rvdkavmufatmif nHhzsif;vSaom vlwpfa,muf[k ,lqxm;vm;
rqdkEdkif/ pHkaxmufudkatmifjrifhESifh ywfouf wpfvHk;wpfyg'rQ ajymqdkjcif;rjyKcJhay/
if;pHkaxmuf udkatmifjrifhrSm awmifwGif;BuD;om;jzpfay&m if;uJhodkY aumufuspfaom? ,kwfrmaom?
remvdkwwfaom olwpfa,muf awmifwGif;BuD; arG;zGm;cJhjcif;onf awmifwGif;BuD;\ usufoa&udkvnf;aumif;?
awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKUrS ay:xGufcJhaom twkvq&mawmf cifBuD;azsmf? &Sifr[moDv0Ho tp&Sdaom yk*dKvfBuD;rsm;\
*kPfoa&udkaomfvnf;aumif; xdcdkufSdK;EGrf;avrnfvm; [lyif uREkfyfonf rqDrqdkif pdwfylrdao;awmh\/
trSefpifppfrSm
if;\,kwfrmaom
trltusifhonf
tpOftvmtm;jzifh
vGefpGm
crf;em;cJhaom
awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKUESifh vnf;aumif;? awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKUrS ay:xGufcJhaom tausmftarmfyk*dKvfrsm;ESifh vnf;aumif; rnfodkYrQ
qufoG,fywfoufjcif; r&Sdygay/ uREkfyftaeESifh pdwfylyefrI jzpfcJhjcif;udkom qdkvdkjcif;jzpfayonf/
pHkaxmufudkatmifjrifhavmuf
r,kwfrmonfhwdkifatmif
tjcm;wpfa,mufrSmrl dIufukef; udkpdefvSyifjzpfayonf/

tawmftwefnpfcsifaom

pdwf"mwfrsKd;&Sdonfh

xdkdIufukef;uvnf; rdrdemrnfaumif; vufrSwf&a&;ESifh &mxl;wufa&;uvGJvQif rnfonfht&mudkrQ


av;pm;wwfol r[kwfay/ rnfrQtxd pdwf"mwftm;jzifh atmufwef;usoenf;qdkrl wpfcgu rif;BuD;\ I;zdeyfteufonf
tkwfeH&HwGif okwfxm;aom xHk;rsm;ESifh xdrdojzifh xdyfydkif; jzLazG;vsuf&Sdonfudk . . .
]]ocif cifAsm; . . . uRefawmfrsKd;okwfay;yg&ap}} [k qdkum rdrd\ rsufESmokwf&efaqmifxm;aom
vufudkifyk0gjzifh oGm;a&mufokwfay;onfudk uREkfyf\ rsufpdESifh wyftyfjrifzl;ayonf/
uJhodkY wpfzufom;tm; EdIufEdIufcRwfcRwf ESdrfESdrfcscsa&;om;ae&jcif;rSm xdkolwdkYtm; tcGifh&ojzifh ESdrfvdkufrnf
[laom pdwfxm;aMumifh r[kwfay/ udkESif;armifESifh ,SOfNydKifMu&onfh tcg if;wdkY\ yifudkyuwdpdwf"mwfudk
odxm;rSomvQif udkESif;armif\ oabmxm;jynfh0yHkrsm; ay:vGifpGmcHpm;Edkifap&eftwGuf jzpfayonf/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

uREkfyftaeESifhrl udkESif;armif\ t&nftcsif;rsm;udkvnf;aumif;? oabmxm;BuD;rIrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? jynfh0pGm


xdawGU cHpm;zl;ayonf/ odkY&mwGif ,cktcg uRekfyfu wpfqifhjyef azmufonfcs&onfjzpf&m udkESif;armif\
t&nftcsif;ESifh pdwfoabmxm;BuD;rIudk ay:vGifpGm azmfjy&eftwGuf rESJav; udkatmifjrifhESifh dIufukef;udkpdefvSwdkY\
aumufuspfpOf;vJwwfaom oabmudk rjzpfrae a&;om; azmfjy&jcif;jzpfaMumif; 0efcH&ayrnf/
wpfcgu pHkaxmufrif;BuD;onf rESJav;udkatmifjrifhudk rjrifojzifh . . .
]][Jvdk . . . qm;ykvif;ESif;armif? toHuav;wdk;wdk; wdk;wdk;omxGufwJh pHkaxmuf*sykuav;udk rjrifygvm;}} [k
ar;jref;vdkuf&m udkESif;armifu . . .
]]rpwmu&pfyifudk ajymcsifwmu pHkaxmufqdkwm Hk;rSmcsnf; ausmufcsxm;ovdk aevdkY jzpfwmr[kwfbl;As?
tjyifudk xGufNyD; vkyf&wJhtvkyfawGu &Sdw,f? NyD;awmhvJ pDtdkif'DrSm&SdwJh pHkaxmufawGudk Hk;wufrSefw,f rrSefbl;vdkY
'&0rfwpfa,mufvdk tuJcwfaewmxuf pDtdkif'DXmeBuD;udk vlqdk;awG? 'kpdkuform;awG[m wpfaeYxufwpfaeY
xdwfvefYvmwmudk MunfhNyD; pHkaxmufawG tvkyfvkyfw,f rvkyfbl;? tuJjzwfoifhw,f}} [k rESJav;
udkatmifjrifhtwGufom r[kwfbJ wjcm;aomolrsm;twGufyg umuG,fajymqdkcJhonfudk uREkfyfem;ESifh qwfqwf
Mum;zl;onfjzpf&m ,ckuJhodkY rif;BuD;u qm;ykvif;ESif;armif b,frSmvJ[k ar;jref;onfhtcg rEJSav;udkatmifjrifhu
ododomomBuD; acsmufwGef;vdkufyHkudk EdIif;,SOfvdkufvQif udkESif;armif\ oabmxm;BuD;rI? 0HomEk&udw pdwf"mwf[kqdkaom
rdrdtrsKd;om;rsm;tm; wdkif;wpfyg;om;rsm;u txifao; roGm;ap&ef umuG,fwwfrIonf ydk xif&Sm;ayonf/
xdkenf;wlpGm
rESJav;
udkatmifjrifh\
remvdkpdwfrsm;jcif;?
vlvnfvkyfjcif;?
wpfudk,faumif;qefjcif;?
rsufESmvdkrsufESm&vkyfjcif;? ponfh atmufwef;usrIrsm;onfvnf; xif&Sm;ayonf/
uREkfyfonf txufygtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk pOf;pm;&if; ESpfavmif;NydKif vlowfrIjzpfyGm;&mqDodkY pDtdkif'DrS
um;ESifhyif xGufvmcJhav\/ uREkfyf\um; vuf0g;udkudkBuD;ESifh ukvm;eufoef;armifwdkY vkdufyg tjcm;um;wpfpD;
rESJav;udkatmifjrifh? dIufukef;udkpdefvSESifh Advyfjyefq&mpdefwdkY yg0ifavonf/
Advyfjyefq&mpdefqdkolrSm ykvdyftzGJU\ p&dwfjzifh paumhwvef,m'f ac: urmausmfpHkaxmuftzGJUodkY apvTwfum
oifwef;wufap jyefa&mufvmonfhtcg tif;pdefpHkaxmufoifwef; oifwef;jyq&mtjzpf vkyfudkif&aomaMumifh if;tm;
Advyfjyefq&mpdef[l ac:Muav\/
uREkfyfwdkY\ um;rsm;onf irdk;&dyfacsmif;teD;&Sd qefpufta[mif;ESifh *dka'gifta[mif;BuD; teD;odkY a&mufvQif
*dka'gifa[mif;BuD;\ t&dyf &yfxm; vlrsm;pktHkae&modkY uREkfyfwdkYtm;vHk; qif; oGm;Muav\/
ykZGefawmif*gwfESifh awmifvHk;jyef*gwfrS ykvdyfrsm;onf rdrdESifh oufqdkifjcif;r&SdbJ pkNyHKwdk;a0SYMunfhIaeMuaom
vltkyfBuD;tm; eHygwfwkwfrsm;ESifh &G,f vl&Sif;ae&av\/
xdkteD;odkYa&mufoGm;vQif uREkfyfwdkYtm; rsufESmvkyfcsifaom
wdk;a0SUMunfhIaeaom vltkyfudk cg;ywfjzifh dkufESuf vl&Sif;ay;av\/

ykZGefawmif*gwfrS

ykvdyfuav;wpfOD;onf

uREkfyftaeESifhrl wm0ef&Sdom uJhodkY taoqdk;ao&&Smaom tavmif;rsm;udk MunfhI&ayonf/


trSefpifppftm;jzifh vHk;0rMunfhIvdkay/ wdk;a0SYMunfhIaeMuolrsm;rSmum; xdkodkYr[kwf/ rdrdESifhvnf; rnfodkYrQ
ywfoufjcif;vnf; r&Sd/ MunfhIaeMuay\/ uREkfyfonf xdkolwdkY\ tedXmHkudkrS awGUjrifvdkaom pdwf"mwfudk
tHhMord&ao;awmh\/
uREkfyfwdkYonf vltkyfrsm;Mum;rSyif tavmif;rsm;&Sd&modkY wdk;a0SU vm&av\/ tavmif;wpfckESifh wpfckonf
udkufoHk;q,fcefY uGma0;av\/ xdkodkY uGma0;HkrQru tavmif;wpfckrSm awmifurluav;wpfckay:jzpfNyD; wpfckrSm
uGif;jyif jzpfavonf/
uREkfyfwdkYonf uGif;jyifrS tavmif;udk a&S;OD;pGmMunfhIMuav\/
aoqHk;olrSm vGefpGmt&yfjrifh vGefpGmwkwfcdkifaom vlxGm;BuD;wpfOD; jzpfayonf/ rsufESmay: wpfpHkwpf&mjzifh
dkufESufcHxm;&aom 'Pf&mudk awGU&onfh tjyif &if0vnf; cRefxufaom 'Pf&mwpfckudk awGU&ayonf/
aoqHk;ol\ tay:ydkif; odk;arG;qG,fwmudk 0wfxm;NyD;vQif
0wfqifxm;av\/ zdeyfrSmvnf; taumif;pm; yef;yI;zdeyf jzpfayonf/

atmufydkif;

a&Tawmifydk;vHkcsnfudk

uREkfyfwdkY pHkaxmufrsm;onf xdkvlxGm;BuD;\ tavmif;tm;awGUjrifyHkrsm;udk rSwfpkpmtkyf a&;rSwfMuNyD;vQif


awmifurlay:rS tavmif;qDodkY oGm;a&mufMujyef\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

awmifurlay:rS tavmif;rSm tenf;i,fqef;ayonf/ 0rf;Adkuf jyif;xefaom "m;'Pf&mwpfck&&Sd


aoqHk;cJh&jcif;jzpfayonf/ aoaeyHkrSmvnf; arSmufcHkcyfapmif;apmif;jzpf rsufESmvnf; tdwfwpfck pGyfxm;NyD;vQif
if;tdwfwGif
rsufvHk;ae&mrsm;
taygufazgufxm;
xdktdwfrsKd;rSm
yoQL;acgif;jzwftoif;0ifrsm;
tpnf;ta0;wufaomtcg wpfOD;udkwpfOD; rSwfrdEdkifjcif; r&Sdap&ef toHk;jyKaom rsufESmzHk;tdwfrsKd;yif jzpfayonf/
xdkYjyifydk qef;onfrSm aoqHk;ol\ vuftm; aemufrSvufjyef vufxdyfcwf xm;jcif;yifjzpfayonf/
vufxdyfrSmvnf; uREkfyfwdkY ykvdyftzGJUwGif toHk;jyKaom vufxdyfESifh wax&mwnf; wlnDaomfvnf; vGefpGmao;i,faom
vufxdyfuav; jzpfayonf/ vufaumuf0wf cwfr&ay/ vufrESpfcktm; yl; cwfxm;onfudk awGU&ayonf/
uREkfyfonf ykvdyftzGJU tdkifyDac: ykvdyftifpyufawmftjzpf vkyfudkifcJhonfrSm MumayNyD/ rQao;i,f
vufrESpfcktm;cwfaom vufxdyf tao;pm;uav;udk ,cifu vHk;0jrifzl;jcif; r&SdHkrQru Mum;rQyif rMum;zl;cJhay/
vufxdyfMuD;ESifh wpfyHkpHwnf;wlnDaomfvnf; vGefpGmao;i,fvSonfh vufxdyfuav;tm; awGUjrif&pOf armfvNrdKifom;wdkYudk
owd&rdao;awmh\/
armfvNrdKifom;wdkYonf
EGm;aygufuav;rsm;tm;
EGm;om;av;[k
ac:wwfouJhodkY
rD;cGuftao;pm;uav;tm; rD;cGufom;uav;? pmtkyfi,fuav;tm; pmtkyfom;av;[k ac:wwfMuayonf/ xdkolwdkUtm;
vufxdyfuav;udk jyygrl ]]vufxdyfom;uav;}} [kyif ac:Muayrnf/
aoqHk;olonf txufydkif; vnfyif;uGufygaom qG,fwmvuf&Snfteufudk
atmufydkif;teDESifh tpdrf;uGufwHk;vHk;csnfudk cyfwdkwdk 0wfqifxm;av\/

0wfqifxm;NyD;vQif

uREkfyfwdkYonf
xl;qef;aom
vufxdyfom;av;ESifh
vufrESpfacsmif;tm;
vufxdyfcwfjcif;cH&NyD;
yoQL;acgif;jzwfwdkY\ acgif;pGyfudk pGyfvsuf"m;'Pf&mESifh aoqHk;aeaom tavmif;udk pdwf0ifpm;pGm MunfhIaeMupOf
udkatmifjrifhonf ol\ jymESrf;ESrf;EdkifvSaom toHuav;jzifh . . .
]]yoQL;acgif;jywfawG olwdkYtcsif;csif;opmazmufvdkYowfwmyg? a[m[dkrSm aoaewJh vlBuD;udkowfzdkY
'DvludkvTwfvdkufwm? 'Dvlu rowfvdkY aemufyoQL;acgif;jywfwpfa,muf a&mufvmNyD; ESpfa,mufpvHk;udk
owfypfvdkufwmyg? bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh [dkvlBuD;&JU yef;ySL;ajc&m&,f? 'Dvl&JU uif;Awfzdeyf&m&,ftjyif a[m'DrSm
jrif;vSnf;bD;&meJY SL;zdeyf&mwpfckudkvJ awGU&w,f? tJ'g aocsmygw,f}} [k tcdkiftrmajymqdkav\/
udkatmifjrifhpum;udk Advyfjyefq&mpdefuvnf; atmufygtwdkif; axmufcHajymqdkav\/
]]'Dwpfcgawmh zdk;atmifjrifhawG;vHk;[m rqdk;bl;? tckv[m 'DZifbmv? 'DZifbmvqdkwm oZifyef;ay:wJhvyJ?
yoQL;acgif;jywfawG acgif;jzwfavh&Sdw,fvdkY usKyfvJ Mum;zl;w,f}}
Advyfjyefq&mpdef\ pum;qHk;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf ukvm;eufac: udkoef;armifu . . .
]]cifAsm;ajymovdk yoQL;acgif;jywfyJ jzpfjzpf? yoQL;acgif;qufyJjzpfjzpf w&m;cHudkawmh rdrSjzpfr,f? usKyfwdkY
rif;BuD;uwif r[kwfbl;? &efukefykvdyfrif;BuD;uvJ 'DtrItwGuf w&m;cHudk awmif;aeNyD}} [kajymvdkuf&m
vuf0g;udkudkBuD;u ol\vuf0g;BuD;ESpfbufudk wajzmufajzmufESifh ykwfum . . .
]]oufpfdkuf . . . ukvm;eufuav;ajymwm [kwfw,f? bk&ifcH qmtm*sDabma'gufuvyfvJ
a&mufaew,fqdkawmh w&m;cHray:&if usKyfwdkY pDtdkif'Dawmh rD;avmifNyDAsKdU}} [k ajymum w[m;[m;&,farmavawmh\/
xdktcg udkpdefvSu ]]yoQL;acgif;jywfawG jzpfw,fqdkHkeJY rNyD;ao;bl;As? aowJholu b,fol b,f0gawG
jzpfw,fqdkwmudk t&ifodatmif vkyf&OD;r,f}} [k ajymqdkav\/ vuf0g;OD;udkudkBuD;uvnf; ol\ vuf0g;BuD;ESpfcktm;
av;uefpGmjzifh wajzmufajzmuf ykwfcwfvdkufNyD;aemuf . . .
]]oufpfdkuf . . . oufpfdkuf . . . dIufukef;uav;armifpdefvSajymwm odyfrSefw,f? awmfawmfMum&if
owif;axmufawGa&mufvmNyD;
ar;Muawmhr,f?
ar;vdkYrajymEdkif&if
udk,fawmfacsmwdkYu
owif;a&;wJhtcgrSm
tif;pdefpDtdkif'DrS wm0ef&Sd pHkaxmuft&m&SdBuD;rsm;u udk,fwdkifaxmufvSrf; pHkprf;vsuf&Sdaomfvnf; w&m;cHudk zrf;rdjcif;
r&Sdao;HkrQru towfcH&olrsm;onfyif rnfolrnf0gjzpfonf[k twdtus rajymEdkifao;aMumif;? xdkYaMumifh trI\
vufonfw&m;cHonf ajrvQKd; rdk;ysHEdkifavmufaom tm*w&m;cHjzpfayonf[k owif;pmuae uvdvdkuf&if tm;vHk;
tdwfpyvifae;&Sif;(xkacsvTm) tawmif;cH&awmhr,f q&mwdkY? [m; . . .[m; . . .[m;}} [k ajymqdk&,farmaejyef\/
xdkYaemuf uREkfyfwdkYonf
rnfrQuGma0;onf ponfwdkYtwGuf

tavmif;wpfavmif;ESifhwpfavmif; rnfrQuGma0;onf? ESifh tavmif;rsm;


ayBudK;wdkif;jcif;? tavmif;rsm; wnf&Sd&mudk ajryHkMurf;a&;qGJjcif; paom

rif;odcF

pHkaxmufoifwef;rS
oif;dk;Tef;wrf;yg
jyKvkyfaeMuavawmh\/

vufawGUtm;jzifh

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

rnfodkYrQ

toHk;r0ifaom

enf;vrf;rsm;twdkif;

uREkfyfwdkYonf
xef;vsufcJudkawGUaom
yk&Gufqdwfrsm;tvkyfIyfouJhodkY
[dkajy;onfvTm;ESifh
tavmif;aumifrsm;teD;wGif tvkyfIyfaeMupOf pHkaxmufrif;BuD; rpwmu&pfyifonf um;ay:rS qif;vmum . . .
]]vluav;wdkY ysm;aumifawGvdk tvkyfIyfaeMuNyDudk;? aumif;w,f . . .aumif;w,f? uREkfyfvnf;
pm;yGJrSmxdkifaevdkY r&awmhbl;? ykvdpf*sife&,f(ykvdyfrif;BuD;csKyf) u w,fvDzkef;eJY cPcP ar;aew,f?
w&m;cHb,folvJqdkwJh ar;cGef;[m wu,fvdkY uREkfyf[m Muufwla&G;wpfaumifqdk&if tJ'Dpum;udk tvGwfajymEdkifaeNyD?
q,fhig;rdepfudk wpfcgar;aew,f? tdk . . . qm;ykvif; b,frSmvJ? rvmao;bl;vm;? eDdk;bk&ifvdk wa,m xdk;aewkef;yJvm;}}
[k ajymav\/ xdktcg udkatmifjrifhu . . .
]]'Dvdk&Sdygw,f ocif? qm;ykvif;u wu,fawmh 'gavmufr[kwfygbl;? vlawGu olYudk awmfw,fvdkY
xifaeMuwmyg? wu,fawmh 'Dvl[m uRefawmfrsKd;wdkY pDtdkif'D tay:rSmvnf; apwem r&Sdygbl;? 'gaMumifh
at;at;aq;aq; wa,m0dkif;rSm aeEdkifwmaygh ocif}} [k ajymifajymifwif;wif; acsmufwGef;avawmh\/
xdkpum;udk OD;udkudkBuD;u udkESif;armifbufrS rcHr&yfEdkifjzpfum . . .
]]a[h vl. . . 'gawmh vGefNyDxifw,f}} [k [efYwm;vdkufav\/ xdkodkY ajymqdkaeMupOfwGifyif udkESif;armifxHodkY
apvTwfvdkufaom Hk;ysmwmuav; armifwif0if; a&mufvmNyD;vsif . . .
]]q&mudkESif;armifudk uRefawmfoGm;ac:ygw,f? usefwJh[mawG[m b,ftcsdefxNyD;vkyfvkyf twlwlygyJwJh?
tEkynmuawmh 'Dvdkr[kwfbl;wJh? 'DwpfcgzefwD;wJh tEkynm vuf&mwpfck[m BudKufvdkY aemufwpfcgxyfNyD; zefwD;&if
&csifrS &awmhwm? 'gaMumifh wa,mvufoH[m vlowfrIxufydkNyD;ta&;BuD;w,fqdkyJ? uRefawmfudkawmif rif;vJrjyefeJY?
NyD;atmifem;axmifoGm;?
em;axmif&cJw,f?
tckNydKifyGJ0ifaewmawG[m
ES,fES,f&&vlawGr[kwfbl;qdkyJ?
urmausmfwa,mq&m rdk;Zufudkawmif wpfcsdefrSm pdefac:csif&if ac:EdkifavmufwJh vlawGvdkY ajymw,fq&m}} [k uREkfyftm;
ajymjyonfudk em;axmifNyD;vQif udkatmifjrifhonf xdkpum;udk rpwmu&pfyiftm; t*Fvdyfvdk bmomjyef ajymjyav\/
xdkYaMumifh OD;udkudkBuD;rSm udkatmifjrifhtm; tHBudwf jyav\/ odkY&mwGif udkatmifjrifhum; ysmwmarmifwif0if;
ajymaompum;udk jynfhpHkpGm bmomjyef aeavawmh\/
rpwmu&pfyifonf udkatmifjrifh ajymjyonfudk em;axmifNyD;aemuf OD;acgif;wqwfqwfndwfum . . .
]]qm;ykvif;ESif;armif[m rif;wdkYxJrSm t,Ofaus;qHk;vlwpfa,mufyJ? ol[m tEkynm&JU av;eufyHkudk
aumif;aumif; em;vnfw,f? cHvJcHpm;wwfw,f? 'gudku ,Ofaus;rItqifhtwef;udk azmfjywmyJ? 'DvdkvlrsKd;&Sm;w,f?
wa,moH[m b,fawmh xdk;xdk; 'DtoHrsKd;yJ xGufw,fvdkYxifae&if ol[m 'Dpum;udkajymrSm r[kwfbl;? 'Dwpfcgxdk;wJh
wa,moH[m aemufwpfcgxdk;wJh wa,moHeJY rwlEdkifbl;qdkwJh tcsufudk qm;ykvif;[m odaew,f? 'gaMumifh
olrvmwmyg}} [k ajymvdkuf&m BudK;pm;yrf;pm; acsmufwGef;vdkuf&aom udkatmifjrifhtm; &if0 ajcpHkuefvdkufjcif;
cH&ouJhodkY jzpf oGm;av\/
xdkYaMumifh OD;udkudkBuD;u [uf[ufyufyuf&,farmNyD;vQif . . .
]]rESJav; awGUNyDvm;? qm;ykvif;ESif;armifudk rapmfum;eJY udk,fhvl? olYrSmu wefcdk; wpfrsKd;&Sdw,f?
ta&;BuD;wJhtcsdefrSm wa,moGm;em;axmifaew,f? vdkufac:awmh rvmEdkifbl;vdkY ajymvdkufw,f? 'gudkawmif rif;BuD;u
t,Ofaus;qHk;vlvdkY csD;rGrf;cH&w,fqdkawmh olYbkef;u rao;bl;aemf? rwl&if oGm;NyD;rwkeJY udk,fhvl? jym;oGm;r,f Mum;vm;}}
[k aemufovdkvdk twnfvdkvdk ajymqdkjyef\/
udkatmifjrifhonf ukef;wdkufjcif;? acsmufwGef;jcif;tvkyfudk rvkyfEdkifawmhonfhtqHk; aool\OD;acgif;wGif
pGyfxm;aom rsufESmzHk;acgif;pGyfudk cRwfav\/ xdkYaemuf aool\rsufESmudk aocsmpGm MunfhIavawmh\/
acgif;pGyfcRwfvdkufonhftcg aool\ yg;pyfwGif t0wfpnf;xm;aMumif; awGU&jyef\/ t0wfudkyg jzKwfvdkuf
uREkfyfwdkYonf aool\ rsufESmtm; MunfhItuJcwf&jyef\/
uREkfyfwdkYrSm aoolonf touftm;jzifh oHk;q,feD;yg;cefY&Sdaom vlwpfa,mufjzpfonf qdkjcif;rSty xdkxufydk
wpfpHkwpf&m ajymqdkEdkifjcif; r&SdMuay/
rpwmu&pfyifonf aool\rsufESmudk MunfhNyD;aemuf . . .
]]yxrqHk; uREkfyfwdkYBudK;pm;&rSmuawmh ol[mb,folvJ qdkwm twdtusajymEdkifzdkYyJ}} [k qdkav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]twdtusajymEdkifygw,f? ol[m vQKdU0SufwJh yoQL;acgif;jywf toif;0ifwpfOD; jzpfygw,f ocif}} [k


udkatmifjrifhu ajymvdkufvQif . . .
]]'gjzifh&if olUemrnfu b,folvJ}} [k rpwmu&pfyifu quf ar;&m rESJav;udkatmifjrifhonf
rajzEdkifawmhbJ &Sdav\/ rpwmu&pfyifu xyf ar;jyef\/
]]ajymMuprf;yg/ olb,folvJ? olUemrnfb,folvJ}}
]]olUemrnf aus;NrD;vdkYac:w,f? ol[m Munfhjrifwdkif aus;NrD;vufzuf&nfqdkifrSm tNrJxdkifavh&SdwJh
Munfhjrifwdkifu vlrdkufwpfa,mufyJ rpwmu&pfyif}} [laom vGefpGm atmifjrifvSonfh toHESifh ajzqdkvdkufaom toHudk
Mum;&av\/
oHvdkufausmufonf
oHrIefYuav;rsm;pGmudk
qGJiifEdkifouJhodkY
xdktoH
vnf;
oHvdkuf"mwfwpfrsKd;yg&Sdonfjzpf&m pdwfESvHk;rsm;pGmudk qGJaqmifEdkifayonf/ xdktoHum; uREkfyf\ cspfvSpGmaomrdwfaqGBuD;
qm;ykvif;ESif;armif\ toHyifjzpfayawmh\/
uREkfyfwdkYonf toHvm&mqDodkY Munfhvdkuf&m udkESif;armifonf vltkyftwGif;rS uREkfyfwdkYxHodkY avQmuf
vmNyD;vQif rpwmu&pfyiftm; . . .
]]a[m'Dvl[m
Munfhjrifwdkifu
vlrdkufaus;NrD;qdkwmjzpfygw,f?
cifAsm;wdkYxifovdk
yoQL;acgif;jzwfwpfOD;r[kwfygbl;? a[m[dkrSm aoaewJh vlBuD;uawmh OD;armifuav;vdkYac:w,f? *dka'gifBuD;aemufrSm&SdwJh
NcHBuD;xJutdrf[m olYtdrfaygh? tvkyftudkifuawmh yifv,fydkif;rSm pEm;axmifw,f? ydkufcsw,f? ig;ydig;ajcmufvkyfw,fvdkY
od&w,f? wu,fhtvkyftudkifuawmh bmvJqdkwm rajymEdkifao;bl;}} [k oHvdkuf"mwfjynfh0aom toHESifh ajymvdkufav\/
(uREkfyfqdkvdkaom oHvdkuf"mwfjynfh0onfh toHqdkonfrSm yg;pyfrSvmaom toHr[kwfyJ &ifacgif;twGif;rS
vmaom toHrsKd;udk qdkvdkygonf? xdktoHrsKd;onf arG;&mygtoH\ aumif;jcifrsdK;vnf; jzpfouJhodkY xdktoHrsKd;udk ESpfouf
avhusifh,lvQifvnf; tenf;i,f&Edkifayonf/ avhusifhenf;rSm ykqpfwkyfxdkif aygifESpfzufay:wGif vufESpfzufwif
yg;pyfudk[NyD;vQif t-tm---O-OD-at-tJ-atmh-atmf-tH-tm; [laom o&rsm;udk (10)BudrfcefY atmfyg/ xdkYaemuf
yg;pyfudk ydwf (10)BudrfcefY atmfyg/ aeYpOf eHeufwdkif; avYusifyg/ oHk;vcefY avhusifhvQif xl;jcm;vmvdrfhrnf/
jcaoFhusifhpOf[k
tdEd,wdkif;om;
a,m*Drsm;u
ac:a0:ygonf/
avhusifh&aom
toHMoZmonf
arG;&mygtoHMoZm&Sdjcif;udkawmh rDEdkifrnf[k uREkfyfudk,fwdkif r,HkMunfyg/)
pma&;ol
pHkaxmufudkatmifjrifhonf udkESif;armifajymonfudk r,HkMunfojzifh
wpfa,mufudk vma&mufMunfhI&ef w,fvDzkef;quf ac:cdkif;vdkufav\/

Munfhjrifwdkif*gwfrS

&mZ0wftkyf

rpwmu&pfyifuvnf; r,HkMunfaom rsufvHk;jzifh . . .


]]aocsm&JUvm; qm;ykvif;ESif;armif}} [k xyf ar;vdkuf&m udkESif;armifu pD;u&ufwpfvdyfudk rD;dSum
dIufzGmvdkufNyD;aemuf . . .
]]'Dxufaocsmwmudk ajymygqdk&ifawmif usKyfawmh rajymwwfatmifygyJ? tJ'Dvl&JU tdwfxJrSm prf;Munfhprf;yg?
a&T'*Fg;wpfjym;&Sdvdrfhr,f}} [k qdkojzifh OD;udkudkBuD;u EIdufMunfh&m a&T'*Fg;jym;wpfjym;udk awGU&av\/ a&T'*Fg;rSmvnf;
uREkfyfwdkY jrifawGUaeusjzpfaom NrdwfxHk;jrif;pD;? wdkufwHqdyf? acgif;wHk;wHqdyfrsKd;r[kwfbJ? wpfzufwGif wkwfpmrsm;yg&Sd
tjcm;wpfzufwGif acG aeonfh wkwfe*g;yg&Sdaom a&T'*Fg;tqef;jzpfayonf/
rsm;rMumrD
tcsdeftwGif;
udkatmifjrifh
ac:xm;aom
wpfa,mufa&mufvmNyD;vQif aoqHk;oltm; aocsmpGmMunfhNyD;vQif . . .

Munfhjrifwdkif*gwfrS

&mZ0wftkyf

]]'g. . . uRefawmfwdkY tydkifxJu vlrdkufaus;NrD; qdkwJhaumifyJ? rdkufwJhae&mrSmawmh ESpfa,mufr&Sdbl;? AefwdkvJ


aumif;aumif;wwfw,f? olYudk wpfa,mufcsif;awmh owfzdkYrvG,fbl;}} [k ajymav\/ xdktcg rpwmu&pfyifu
udkESif;armiftm; . . .
]]qm;ykvif;ESif;armifu olYudk b,fvdkvkyfNyD;odaewmvJ}} [k ar;av\/
udkESif;armifonf tustdwftwGif;rS a&T'*Fg;wpfjym;udk xkwf uREkfyfwdkYtm;jyav\/ xdka&T'*Fg;rSm aoqHk;ol
vlrdkufaus;NrD;\ tdwftwGif;rS&&Sdaom a&T'*Fg;ESifh wpfyHkpHwnf; wlonfh a&T'*Fg;jzpfayonf/
uREkfyfrSm a&T'*Fg;ESpfjym;udk ,SOfMunfhNyD;aemuf udkESif;armif\ rsufESmudkMunfhvdkufvQif udkESif;armifu . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]vGefcJhwJh oHk;ESpfavmufu MunfhjrifwdkifbufrSm pydkif(olvQKd)wpfa,muf a&mufaew,fvdkY owif;&vdkY usKyf[m


olawmif;pm;a,mifaqmifNyD; pHkprf;cJhw,f? tJ'Dwkef;u rarQmfvifhbJ a[m'D vlrdkufaus;NrD;eJY a[m[dku OD;armifuav;qdkwJh
vlBuD;udkawGUcJhw,f? 'gayr,fh ppfolvQKd&JUoJvGefpudkawmh qufNyD;rawGU&bJ aysmufaew,f? tJ'Dwkef;u OD;armifuav;u
aus;NrD;udk rkefYzufxkyfxJrSm a&T'*Fg;awGudk xnfhNyD; ay;wmudk usKyfod&w,f}} [k &Sif;jyHkru vlrdkufaus;NrD;\ &mZ0ifudkyg
&Sif;vif;ajymjyav\/ xdkYaemuf udkESif;armifonf OD;armifuav;tavmif;qDodkY oGm;a&mufNyD;vQif tustdwftwGif;rS
wpfpHkwpfckudk EdIuf,l jyefvmNyD;vQif aus;NrD;\ vufrESpfacsmif;tm; cwfxm;onfh vufxdyfaygufpav;udk
jzKwf,lvdkufav\/
xdkYaemuf udkESif;armifonf ajrBuD;ay: xif&Sm;pGm&Sdaeaom jrif;vSnf;bD;&mESifh
MunfhNyD;vQif . . .

vlajc&mrsm;udk aocsmpGm

]]a[m'DvlowfrI[m n(12)em&DwdwdrSm jzpfyGm;w,f? bmaMumifhvJ qdkawmh OD;armifuav;vufu em&D[m


cdkufrdNyD; (12)em&DrSm &yfoGm;w,f? NyD;awmh vlowfrI jzpfyGm;wJhtcsdefrSm 'Dae&mrSm pkpkaygif; vlajcmufa,muf&Sdw,f?
wpfzufudk oHk;a,mufpDygMuwJh ppfyGJtao;pm;uav;wpfck jzpfyGm;cJhwmyJ? a[m[dk yef;yI;&m[m OD;armifuav;&JU ajc&m?
[dkuif;bwfzdeyf&muawmh aus;NrD;&JU ajc&m? [dkem;rSm zdeyfrygwJh ajc&mwpfck&Sdao;w,f? NyD;awmh SL;zdeyfajc&mudk
[dkbufuaea&mufvmNyD; aygif;oGm;w,f? NyD;awmh [dkae&muae um;vrf;bufudk ajy;oGm;wJh &mbmqdk;zdeyf&mwpfck&Sdw,f?
tJ'D ajc&m[mvJ *dka'gifbufu vmwJhajc&myJ}}
]]cifAsm;ajymawmh vlajcmufa,mufqdk? tck ig;a,mufyJ &Sdygao;vm;}} [k uREkfyfu ar;&m udkESif;armifu . . .
]]wpfa,mufu
jrif;vSnf;udk
[dkbufem;
armif;oGm;ao;w,f/
'gaMumifh
jrif;vSnf;ay:rSm
vlwpfa,mufusefao;w,fvdkY qdkEdkifw,f}} [k&Sif;jyNyD;vQif ajc&mrsm;\ tpqDodkY quf vdkufvH&SmazGcJh&m
ajc&mrsm;enf;wl tjcm;ta&;BuD;onfh t&mwpfckudk awGUjyef\/ xdkt&mrSm aowmuJhodkY av;axmifho@mef ypnf;wpfck
csxm;jcif;cH&ojzifh jrufrsm;ydjym;aeaom av;axmifhpyfpyf t&mwpfckjzpfayonf/
udkESif;armif tvkyfIyfaeonfh enf;wl udkatmifjrifh? udkpdefvS? udkoef;armifESifh Advyfjyefq&mpdefwdkYvnf;
tvkyfIyfvsuf&SdMuayonf/ tvkyfrIyfolrSm uRekfyfESifh OD;udkudkBuD; omvQif jzpfayonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf udkESif;armif
&Sif;jyonfudkom em;axmifMu&efjzpfayonf/
udkESif;armifonf aus;NrD; aoqHk;vsuf&Sdaom ajrjyefYwpf0dkufomru *dka'gifa[mif;BuD;teD;ygrusef
pifwmazmf0yfwGif upm;aom abmvHk;orm;uJhodkY [dka&muf'Da&mufESifh vl;vmacgufwHkY oGm;a&muf aeay\/
udkESif;armifonf uREkfyfESifh OD;udkudkBuD;tm; ac: . . .
]]a[m'DrSmMunfhAsKdU . . . jrif;vSnf;u 'Dbufua&mufvmw,f? a[m'DrSm SL;zdeyfajc&mu jrif;vSnf;ay:u
qif;vdkufwm? bmaMumifh qif;wmvJ a[m'Djrufcif;ay:rSm vGefpGmav;wJh aowmBuD;udkcszdkY? [kwfNyD? SL;zdeyform;
bmqufvkyfovJqdkawmh a[m'DrSmawGUvm;? aowmudkcsNyD; vluavQmufoGm;w,f? jrif;vSnf;rpD;bl;? jrif;vSnf;u
olYab;u uyfNyD;armif;oGm;w,f}} [k qdkum SL;zdeyfajc&mtwdkif; vdkufav\/ udkESif;armifonf pD;u&ufwpfvdyfudk
xkwf aomufNyD;aemuf quf ajymjyef\/
]]a[m . . .SL;zdeyform; 'DrSm &yfvdkufNyD? jrif;vSnf;uawmh r&yfbl;? [dkbufudk udkuf 20 avmuf
armif;oGm;NyD;rS &yfw,f? SL;zdeyform;&yfwJh ae&m[m aus;NrD;aowJhae&myJ? rSef;prf; . . .aus;NrD;u b,fu vmwmvJ}} [k
qdkum aus;NrD;\ uif;bwfajc&mtwdkif;vdkufoGm;&m *dka'gifa[mif;BuD;teD;odkY a&mufvQif aus;NrD;\ ajc&mESifh
OD;armifuav;\ yef;ySL;ajc&mESpfck yl;aygif;vsuf &Sdonfudk awGU&av\/
]]MunfhAsKdU . . . tdkifyD? OD;armifuav;eJYaus;NrD;[m *dka'gifa[mif;BuD;xJu twlxGufvmNyD; ausNrD;u
[dkae&mtxd ta&mufoGm;NyD; SL;zdeyform;qDrSm towfcH&wmAs? OD;armifuav;uawmh aowmqDudk OD;wnfNyD;
oGm;aewmAs? a[m . . . a[m . . . OD;armifuav; jyefvSnfhajy;NyDAsKdU? a[m'DrSm ajcvSrf;awGu ajy;wJhtwGuf ydkNyD;
usJaew,f? ajcOD;ydkif;rSm ydkNyD;epfaew,f? bmjzpfvdkY ajy;wmygvdrfh? odNyDAsKdU . . .odNyD? [dkrSm aus;NrD; towfcH&wm
jrifNyDudk;As? *dka'gifbufudk ajy;wmAsKdU? a[m'D *dka'gifu vmwJh zdeyfrygwJh ajc&meJY awGUNyDAsKdU? OD;armifuav; aoNyDAsKdU?
zdeyfrygwJhvlu owfvdkufwmuvm;? zdeyfrygwJhvlu OD;armifuav;udk owfNyD; aowm&SdwJhae&mudk oGm;wmAsKdU}} [k
qdkum aowmqDodkY OD;wnfoGm;aeaom zdeyfrygonfh ajc&mqD vdkufoGm;jyef\/
]]a[m . . .a[m. . . zdeyfrygwJhvlu aowmBuD;udk xrf;NyD;o,fw,fAsKdU? a[m'DrSm aowm&JU tav;csdefaMumifh
ajc&mawG[m ydkNyD;eufwJhtjyif ajcvSrf;uvJ pdyfw,fAs? [dka&SUem;usawmh rEdkifawmhbl;? jrif;vSnf;uvmNyD; o,fw,fAsKdU?

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

aMomf . . . OD;armifuav;wdkYaemufuae *dka'gifxJuae xGufvmwJh zdeyfrygwJhvlu OD;armifuav;udk owfNyD;


aowmBuD;udk,lNyD; SL;zdeyform;eJYtwl jrif;vSnf;pD;NyD;jyefoGm;wmudk;? 'Dvdkqdkawmh &SL;zdeyform;&JU vlwpfa,muf[m
e*dkuwnf;u OD;armifuav;wdkY qDrSm &SdaewJhoabmyJ tdkifyD}} [k qdkav\/
xdkYaemuf *dka'gifbufrSvmaom a&mfbmqdk;ajc&m wpfckudk Munfh . . .
]]a[m'D a&mfbmqdk; orm;udkMunfhAs? b,frS roGm;bl;? aowmqDudkoGm;w,f? tajcrvSawmh um;vrf;bufudk
xGufajy;NyDAsKdU? uJ. . . uJ jyefNyD; pOf;pm;wJhtcgrSm rSwfrdatmif ajc&mvrf;aMumif;udk rSwfxm;OD;rS}} [k qdkum
udkESif;armifonf ol\rSwfpk a&;jcpfawmh\/ xdkYaemuf uGEkfyfwdkYonf *dka'gifaemufbufwGif&Sdaom OD;armifuav;\
tdrfBuD;qDodkY oGm;a&mufMuavawmh\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

rrif;jzLqdkonfh rdef;racsmav;onf
vlqdk;*dkPf;\ acgif;aqmifavm
uREkfyfwdkYonf *dka'gifa[mif;BuD;rS ausmfjzwfum irdk;&dyfacsmif;tm; zifay; aqmufxm;aom tdrfBuD;qDodkY
wufMuav\/ tdrf\atmufxyfwGif armfawmfum;ypnf;rsm;? avSmfwufrsm;udk awGU&Sd&ojzifh tdrf&SifOD;armifuav;onf
armfawmfum;a&m avSyg&SdolkjzpfaMumif; od&av\/
tdrf\ atmufxyfudk 0if Munfh&m aemufaz;buftwGif;rSae
arsmufvufrsm;jyKwfusaeonfh wHcg;ESifh vGefpGmarSmifrdkufaom tcef;udk awGU&av\/

wHcg;udk

r&ruzGifhxm;ojzifh

udkESif;armifonf xdktcef;odkYa&mufum rD;xGef;Munfhojzifh uREkfyfvnf; if;ESifhtwl Munfhrdav\/


tcef;twGif; tefzwfrsm;ESifh rpifrsm;udk awGU&onfhtjyif xdkteHrsm;rSmvnf; vGefpGm atmf*vDqefzG,f aumif;av\/
uREkfyfrSm &GHvGef; ESmacgif;udk vufudkifyk0gjzifh ydwfxm;aomfvnf; udkESif;armifrSmrl tcef;axmifhrS rpifyHkudk
za,mif;wdkifjzifh aocsmpGmMunfhI avhvmaeonfudk awGU&ojzifh tHhMo&rdao;awmh\/
udkESif;armifonf oludk,fwdkif r&GHr&Sm MunfhIaeHkrQru uREkfyfudkyif . . .
]]tdkifyD . . . vmMunfhprf;ygOD;As? a[m'DrSm awGUwJh acs;yHk[m xl;w,fAs? ta&mifu r0gyJ azG;aeatmifjzLw,f?
'g[m awmfawmfqef;w,f? tefzwfawGuvJ renf;ygvm;}} [k ac: jyav\/ uREkfyfvnf; if;ujyojzifh
rMunfhcsifaomfvnf; tm;emyg;em 0if MunfhI&av\/ xdkYaemuf tay:xyfodkYwufa&muf MunfhIjyef&m
t0wftpm;xnfhxm;aom ADdkwpfvHk;onf yGifhaeNyD;vQif if;a&SU tusa[mif;wpfxnfESifh vHkcsnfa[mif;wpfxnfudk
awGUojzifh udkESif;armifaumuf,l erf;Munfhojzifh uREkfyfvnf; bkrodbrodESifh vdkuf erf;Munfh&m rpifapmfeHojzifh ysKdU
atmhtefcsifovdk jzpfrdao;awmh\/
xdkYaemuf tcef;wpfckwGif;odkY 0ifvdkuf&m zsmwpfcsyfESifh acgif;tHk;wpfvHk;?
tdyf&mwpfckESifh if;\ teD;wGif vufqGJom;a&aowm wpfvHk;udk awGU&av\/

apmifwpfxnfom&Sdaom

xdktcsdef udkatmifjrifh? udkpdefvS? udkoef;armifwdkYESifhtwl rpwmu&pfyifyg xdktcef;twGif;odkY a&muf


vmjyefav\/ udkatmifjrifhonf tcef;wGif;&Sdaom om;a&aowmudkawGUojzifh zGifhMunfh&m twGif; rdef;rtusrsm;?
xrDrsm;? aygif'gbl;rsm;udk awGU&av\/ xdkYaemuf om;a&aowm\twGif;buf tzHk;wGif uyfvsufcsKyfxm;aom
t0wftdwfuav;udk EdIufMunfhjyef&m xdktdwfuav;twGif;rS vGefpGmacsmarmvSyaom rdef;rwpfa,muf\ "mwfyHkESifh
aMu;eef;pm wpfapmifudkawGU&av\/ aMu;eef;pmrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfayonf/
Important. Come quickly.
Oar Ya

jrefrmbmomodkY jyefqdk&vQif atmufygt"dym,frsKd;udk &&Sdayrnf/

t a & ; BuD; onf t jr ef vm yg /


Mo &
[l jzpfayonf/ aMu;eef;pm\ xdyfydkif;wGif ygaom vdyfpmrSm . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

rrif;jzL
unHK&yf
xm;0,fNrdKY
[l jzpfayonf/ udkatmifjrifhay;aom aMu;eef;pmtm; q&mpdefonf tNrD;jyefacgif;jyefMunfhNyD;aemuf . . .
]]rrif;jzL[m a[m'DyoQL;acgif;jzwftoif;&JU acgif;aqmifjzpfEdkifw,faemf? a[mifaumifwdkY? pifumylwdkYrSmqdk&if
wu,fhvlqdk;*dkPf;BuD;awGudk BudK;udkifaewm[m rdef;rawGjzpfw,fAs}} [k qdkav\/ udkatmifjrifhuvnf; rpwmu&pfyiftm;
...
]]ocif. . . a[m'D rrif;jzLqdkwJhrdef;r&JUvdyfpmudk azmfjyNyD; xm;0,f*gwfudk oHBuD;dkufar;Munfhr,f? tJ'DtcgrSm
tajz&rSmyJ}} [k qdkav\/ rpwmu&pfyifuvnf; acgif;ndwfvdkufav\/ xdkYaemuf rrif;jzL\ om;a&owmtm;
qufvuf&SmazGjyef&m twGif; a&TqGJBudK;wpfuHk;udk awGUjyef\/ qGJjym;rSm aus;NrD;\tdwftwGif;rS &&Sdaom a&T'*Fg;jym;ESifh
wpfyHkpHwnf; wlnDonfh a&T'*Fg;jym;udk qGJjym;tjzpf uGif;uav;wyf xm;onfudk xl;qef;pGmawGU&av\/
]][kwfNyDAsKdU? a[m'D"mwfyHkxJu rdef;r[m vQKdU0Suftoif;&JU acgif;aqmifvdkY rqdkEdkifawmif tzGJU0ifwpfa,mufvdkY
ajymEdkifw,fAsKdU? olwdkY tzGJU0ifawG[m tJ'Dvdk e*g;wHqdyfygwJh a&T'*Fg;udk aqmifMuw,fvdkY ,lq&r,f}} [k udkpdefvSu
cdkifcdkifrmrm
ajymqdkavawmh\/
usefvlrsm;uvnf;
xdktwdkif;awG;rdayonf/
xdkYaemuf
tjcm;tcef;odkY
qufvuf&SmazGjyef\/ xdktcef;rSm OD;armifuav;\ tvkyfcef;jzpfyHk&ayonf/
uRef;pm;yGJcHk? uRef;ADdkESifh pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk awGUav\/ udkESif;armifonf pm;yGJay:rS pma&;puLudk,l
pm&Gufwpf&Gufudk jzKwf,lNyD; uREkfyftm;jyav\/
]]usKyfwdkYudk tufpf-tdk-tufpf qdkwJhpmudk a&;NyD;ay;wm 'Dpm&GufyJ tdkifyD}} [k udkESif;armifu ajymvdkufrSyif
uREkfyfonf (tufpf-tdk-tufpf) [laom pmudk jyefvnfowd&rdavawmh\/
xdkYaemuf pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk qufvuf&SmazGjyef&m pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;ESifhtwl pmtdwfwpftdwfjzifh
xnfhxm;aom "mwfyHkrsm;xGufvmav\/ tdwfwpfvHk;wGif pk xnfhxm;aom "mwfyHkrsm;udk xkwf,l Munfh&m
vGefpGmtMunfh&qdk;aom vlBuD;wpfa,muf\ "mwfyHkaemufausmwGif ]baumif; . . . awmfovif;vjynfhausmf 1&uf} [k
a&;xm;onfudk awGU&av\/ xdk"mwfyHkESifhtwl EIwfcrf;arG;Sif;qdk;qdk;ESifh rsufESmrIefukyfukyfEdkifvSaom vlwpfa,muf\
"mwfyHkaemufwGif ]armifat;? awmfovif;vjynfhausmf 1&uf} [k a&;xm;jyef\/ xdkenf;wlpGm "mwfyHkav;yHkcefYwGif
awmfovif;vjynfhausmf 1 &uf [laom pmrsm;udk a&;xm;onfudk awGU&av\/
tjcm;pmtdwfwpftdwfrl "mwfyHka[mif; wpfyHkjzpfNyD;vQif ]armifrl\om; armifat;aqmif? &efukefMum;awm&
bkefBuD;ausmif; wnf;cdkaeonf} [laom pmudkawGUjyef\/
tjcm;aom pmtdwfrl tNidrfhrif;orD;wpfOD;uaeonfh "mwfyHkjzpfNyD;vQif tNidrfhrif;orD; rrif;jzL[k a&;xm;\/
xdkYjyif xm;0,fNrdKU pmwdkufwHqdyfrsm; dkufESdyfxm;onfh pmtdwfrsm;udk awGU&jyef&m xdkpmtdwfrsm;twGif;rS
pmrsm;udk xkwf,l zGifhMunfh&m dk;dk;pmrsm; r[kwfyJ vQKdU0Sufa&;xm;aom pmrsm;jzpfojzifh zwfI&ef
tcuftcJawGUavawmh\/ if;vQKdU0Sufpmrsm;rSm qifwlaompmvHk;rsm;udk tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGm xyf a&;xm;aom
vQKdU0SufpmrsKd;jzpfayonf/
pmwpfapmifwGif trsKd;tpm; ajcmufrsKd;cefYomyg0if vGefpGm&Snfvsm;vSaom pmrsKd;jzpfay\/(Oyrmtm;jzifh . . .
rrrrrif;jzLjzLjzL rSefrSefajym rSefajymrSef? rSefajym . .) [l rnfodkYrQ zwfI&ef rvG,fulaom 0SufpmrsKd;jzpfayonf/
uREkfyfwdkY pHkaxmufrsm;onf OD;armifuav;\ wpftdrfvHk;tm; puLpkwfuav;wpfzJhrusefatmif vSefavSm
&SmazGMuav\/ xdktxJwGif csdwfcsdwfxm;aom OD;armifuav;\ em&DtdwftwGif;rS pmuav;wpfapmifrSm usKyfwdkY
pHkaxmufrsm;\ OD;aESmuftm; vGefpGm tvkyfay;av\/ pmrSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfayonf/
OD;armifuav; . . .
rrif;jzLeJY e*g;ypnf;awGvJr,f/
yxr rrif;jzLeJY aowmeJY vJr,f/ vjynfhaeYrSm aowmudk aowmeJYjyefvJr,f/
rESif;jzLudk jyefvdkcsifol

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

pHkaxmufudkatmifjrifhonf xdkpmudk zwfMunfhNyD;aemuf . . .


]]usKyfrajymbl;vm;? rrif;jzL[m 'DZmwfvrf;&JU t"du ZmwfaumifyJ? ol[m vlqdk;*dkPf;wpf*dkPf;? 'grSr[kwf&if
yoQL;acgif;jzwftoif;&JU acgif;aqmifjzpf&r,f}} [k vufrudk axmif ajymav\/
xdkYaemuf uREkfyfwdkYonf oufaocHypnf;rsm;udk odrf;qnf; tavmif;rsm;&Sd&modkY jyefcJhMuav\/
OD;armifuav;\ tavmif;tm; a&S;OD;pGm awGU&jyef\/ udkESif;armifonf xdktavmif;tm; MunfhNyD;aemuf . . .
]]OD;armifuav;[m aowkef;u arSmufcHkBuD;aowm NyD;rS jyefNyD;vSefxm;w,fqdkwJhtcsufudk tckrS usKyfvJ
owdjyKrdw,f? 'Dtcsuf[m trIay:aygufa&;twGuf tu,fudk ta&;BuD;wJh tcsufjzpfw,f}} [k qdkav\/ uREkfyfu
t"dym,fraygufao;ojzifh . . .
]]b,fvdkaMumifh 'Dtavmif;[m aowkef;u arSmufcHkBuD;vdkY ajymEdkifwmvJ udkESif;armif}} [k ar;&m udkESif;armifu
...
]]'DvdkAs? aoNyD;wJhvlrSm edrfhwJhtydkif;rSm aoG;awGcJNyD; ndKrnf;aewwfw,f? tck OD;armifuav;&JU rsufESmawG?
'l;acgif;wpf0dkufawG? vufarmif;awGrSm ndKrnf;aew,f? 'Dtcsuf[m arSmufcHkaocJhaMumif; azmfjyaewJhtcsufyJ? 'gayr,fh
usKyfwdkY[m tavmif;udk yufvuftaetxm;twdkif;awGY&w,f? tJ'gu bmvJqdkawmh wpfpHkwpfa,mufu
OD;armifuav;aoNyD; em&DtawmfMumrStavmif;udk yufvufvSefNyD; tdwfxJu wpfpHkwpfckudk vmNyD; EdIuf,lwmNzpfEdkifw,f?
uJ . . .usKyfawmh ajc&mawGudk xyfNyD; ppfMunfhOD;r,fAsKdU}} [k qdkum udkESif;armifonf ajc&mrsm;udk xyfrHppfaq;NyD;aemuf .
..
]]a[m'DrSm awGUvm;? um;vrf;bufu jyef0ifvmwJhajc&m . . . 'Dajc&m[m aowmem;uae um;vrf;bufudk
auGUNyD;xGufajy;wJh ajc&meJY twlwlyJ? 'gudk apmapmu usKyfwdkY bmjzpfvdkY rawGUcJhovJqdkawmh ajc&mawGudk
vrf;aMumif;twdkif; vdkufNyD; &SmaewJhtwGuf 'Dtcsufudk vQrf;oGm;wmjzpfw,f}} [k qdkav\/
udkESif;armif &Sif;jyonfudk usefvlrsm;u av;pm;pGm em;axmifaeaomfvnf; udkatmifjrifurl
rvdkvm;aMumif; rsufESmtrlt&m azmfjyNyD;vQif rpwmu&pfyif bufodkYvSnfhum usKd;EGHpGm qvHay; . . .

rJh&GJU

]]ocif . . . 'DtrI&JU w&m;cHudk uRefawmfrsKd; oefbufcgrSm tNyD;tydkif zrf;cJhyghr,f}} [k tmrcHvdkufav\/


xdkYaemuf uREkfyfwdkYonf tavmif;rsm;tm; aq;HkodkYydkY&ef pDpOfMuavawmh\/
tavmif;rsm;udk ydkYNyD; uREkfyfwdkY vlpkcGJcgeD;wGif rpwmu&pfyifu . . .
]]b,fvdkvJ . . .qm;ykvif;ESif;armif? 'DtrIrSm b,fvdkrsm; xifjrifcsuf ay;EdkifygovJ? toHvGefpGm wdk;wJh
atmifjrifh qdkwJh vluav;uawmh w&m;cHudk oefbufcg zrf;ay;r,f qdkygvm;? cifAsm;u b,fawmh zrf;ay;EdkifrSmvJ}}
[kar;&m udkESif;armifu . . .
]]'DtrI&JU w&m;cH[m b,folb,f0gawGjzpfw,fqdkwmudkawmh usKyftaeeJY twdtusavmufudk odaeygNyD?
'gayr,fh zrf;ay;zdkYuawmh rvG,fbl;? wpfckajymcsifwmuawmh cifAsm;wdkY xifxm;wJh w&m;cHawG[m wpfa,mufrS
r[kwfaybl;? acgif;xJu wpfcgwnf; xkwfypfvdkufNyD; topfpOf;pm;,lMuzdkYyJ usKyfawmh tBuHay;csifw,f? w&m;cH[m
ESpfa,mufjzpfw,f?
wpfa,mufu
tom;tvGef0gw,f?
tJ'gtvGefxl;jcm;csufyJ?
usefwpfa,mufuawmh
tvGefOmPfrsm;w,f? tvGefyg;&nfeyf&nf&SdwJh vlwpfa,mufjzpfw,f? ppfbk&if csefyD,Hwpfa,mufrsm; jzpfaervm;
rqdkEdkifbl;? olY&JU wGufcsufrIawG[m ppfwk&ifuGufawGvdkyJ pepfwus&SdvSw,f? 'gaMumifh zrf;zdkY odyfcufaew,f}} [k
&Snfvsm;pGm ajymvdkufav\/
udkESif;armif pum;tqHk; Advyfjyefq&mpdefESifh udkatmifjrifhwdkYu . . .
]]tdk; . . . qifaumifBuD;awGUawmhrS trdkufcHNyD; ajc&mudk r&Smawmhbl;? usKyfwdkYuawmh xm;0,fu
tNidrfhrif;orD;rrif;jzL qdkwmudk zrf;&rSmyJ}} [k ajymvdkuf&m udkESif;armifonf wpfpHkwpf&m acsyajymqdkjcif; rjyKbJ
pD;u&ufudk rD;dS EIwfcrf;zsm; awhxm;vdkufNyD;vQif udkatmifjrifhtm; vGefpGmao;auG; t&mr0ifaom
ow0gav;wpfaumifudk Munfhonfh rsufvHk;rsKd;jzifh Munfhum t"dym,fygyg NyHK;jy xGufoGm;av\/
udkESif;armif\ tNyHK; . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]udk,fhvl nHvSacsvm;? tawG;tac: w,fvJ atmufwef;usvScsnfvm;? rsufESmjzLpHkaxmufrif;BuD;udk


rsufESmvdktm;& vkyfcsifwmyJ odw,f? bmrSvJ em;rvnfygvm;} [laom pumvHk;rsm;udk ol\ tNyHK;wpfckwnf;ESifhyif
jynfhpHkatmif azmfjyvdkufonf[k uREkfyfem;vnfvdkufav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

qm;ykvif;ESif;armif\ pOf;pm;yHk
aemufwpfaeYeHeuf 6em&DcefYwGif udkESif;armifaexdkif&m 295? bdkvdef;vrf;odkY oGm;a&mufav\/ udkESif;armif\
tcef;wHcg;rSm aphHkom aphxm;ojzifh qGJzGifhvdkuf&m yufvufukvm;xdkifay:wGif tdyfaysmfvsuf&Sdaom udkESif;armifudk
awGU&av\/ if;\ a&SUwnfhwnfh eH&HcsdwfqGJxm;onfh oifykef;BuD;wpfckvHk;vnf; ajryHkrsm;udk Iyf,Sufcwf
aeatmifqGJxm;av\/ xdktjcif;t&mudkMunfh udkESif;armifonf nu wpfnvHk;rtdyfbJ ajryHkudkMunfhvsuf pOf;pm;vdkuf?
x qGJMunfhvdkufESifh tvkyfIyfvsuf &SdaernfjzpfaMumif;odomEdkifayonf/ xdkYjyif teD;&Sd pm;yGJcHkykuav;ay:vnf;
pm&Gufrsm; IyfyGaeNyD; tay:qHk; oHBudK;pmwpfapmifudk wif rD;jcpfjzifh zdxm;av\/ xdkoHBudK;pmudk Munfhvdkuf&m
xm;0,f*gwfrS tNidrfhrif;orD; rrif;jzLESifh ywfouf oHBudK;dkufum taMumif;jyefvdkufaom pmjzpfonf/ if;pmrSm
atmufygtwdkif; jzpfayonf/
rrif;jzL emrnfBuD; tNidrfhrif;orD;/
,ck &efukefNrdKU? abmufaxmf&GmwGif aeonf/
udkMo& qdkolESifh vufxyfawmhrnf/
udkMo&qdkolrSm if;\ tNidrfhtzGJUrS um;qGJ jzpfonf/
,cif trIa[mif; r&Sd/
xdkYaemuf if;aMu;eef;pm&GufatmufrS pm&Gufudk vSef Munfhvdkufjyef&m udkESif;armifvufa&;jzifh a&;xm;aom
pmrsm;udk awGU&jyef\/ uREkfyfonf xdkpm&Gufudk aumuf,l MunfhvdkufpOf . . .
]]b,fvdkvJ . . . tdkifyD? apmvScsnfvm;}} [k udkESif;armifu rsufpdrzGifhao;bJ ajymvdkufav\/
]]udkESif;armif wHcg;BuD;zGifhNyD; tdyfaysmfaeovm;}} [k uREkfyfu jyef ar;vdkuf&m udkESif;armifu . . .
]]wpfnvHk; tdyfudkrtdyf&ao;bl;As? tckvJ tdyfwmr[kwfbl;As? pOf;pm;aewm? rauseyfvdkY nu
usKyfwpfa,mufwnf; OD;armifuav;&JU tdrfxJudk oGm;&Smao;w,fAs? &Smawmh a[m'DrSm "m;rygwJh "m;tdrfwpfck&cJhw,fAs}}
[k qdkum qifpG,fjzifh jyKvkyfxm;aom "m;ajrmif"m;tdrfuav;wpfckudk jyav\/ uREkfyfonf xdk"m;tdrfuav;udk
Munfhvdkuf&m "m;ay: ]rrif;jzL trSefajym} [laom tvsm;vdkuf pmwrf;wpfwef;? a'gifvdkuf wpfwef; a&;xm;av\/
tjcm;ae&mrsm; uBuD;? cacG;rsm; a&;xm;onfudk awGU&av\/
]]"m;tdrfay:rSm tif;awGcsxm;ygvm;As}}
pD;u&ufwpfvdyfudk xkwf rD;Sdum . . .

[k

uREkfyfu

udkESif;armifudk

ajymvdkuf&m

udkESif;armifonf

]]tif;csxm;wm r[kwfbl;As? 0Sufpmudk azmfwJh (Key) uD;awGAs? tJ'gudk &vdkufwm[m trI&JU


oHk;csKd;wpfcsKd;avmuf NyD;oGm;w,f? OD;armifuav;wdkY 0SufpmeJYa&;xm;wJh pmawG[m a[m'DuD;om r&&ifawmh azmfzdkY&m
rvG,fbl;As? tckawmh vG,foGm;NyDAsKdU}} [k qdkav\/
]]aeprf;ygOD;As? oHBudK;pmu b,fvdkvJ? xm;0,f*gwfudk oHBudK;dkufwmu udkatmifjrifhu dkufwmyJ? [dku
taMumif;jyefawmh cifAsm;qDudk jyefovm;}}
]]usKyfqDudk jyefwmr[kwfbl;? pDtdkif'Dudk jyefwmyJ? usKyfu aMu;eef;Hk;u ieJav;udk rkefYzdk;ay;NyD;rSmxm;awmh
usKyfqDudk rdwLwpfapmiful;NyD; vmydkYwmaygh}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]'gxufaeygOD;Asm? trIu b,fvdkvJAs? eD;pyfNyDvm; . . .}} [k ar;vdkuf&m udkESif;armifu pD;u&uf


rD;cdk;aiGUrsm;udk zGmxkwf&if; . . .
]]tawmfhudk eD;pyfygNyDAsm? zrf;zdkYu cufaew,f? 'Dxufqdk;wmu udkatmifjrifhwdkYvlpk[m vlowfrIeJY rqdkifwJh
rrif;jzLudk 'Dreufzrf;Muvdrfhr,fAsKdU? usKyfvkyfcsifwJhtuGuf[m olwdkYa&SUu uefYvefY uefYvefY vkyfaeawmh
odyfNyD;cufw,fAs? NyD;awmh tck usKyfwdkY&ifqdkif&r,fh w&m;cHawG[m ayghayghvlawG r[kwfbl;As? odyfNyD; vsifwJhvlawG
jzpfw,f}}
]]'Dvdkqdk&if cifAsm;u b,fvdkqufNyD;vkyfrvJ udkESif;armif}}
]]tdkifyD i,fi,fwkef;u a[m'Dykpmuav;rsKd; wGufMunfhzl;w,f r[kwfvm;}}
]]b,fvdk ykpmrsKd;vJ udkESif;armif}}
]]'DvdkavAsm? vlwpfa,muf[m olY&JUtdrfrSm 0g;vHk;wpfjcrf;pm tcif;vdkaevdkY avSeJYoGm;NyD; 0g;oGm;ckwfw,fqdkyJ?
vrf;rSm uif; (8) uif;awGUw,fwJh? uif;awGuvJ ygvmorQ0g;vHk;&JU wpf0ufudk awmif;,lavh&Sdw,fAs? tdrfvJa&mufa&m
olvdkaewJh 0g;vHk;wpfjcrf;yJ ygawmhw,fqdkyJ? 'Dvdkqdk&if tJ'Dvl[m 0g;vHk;b,fESpfvHk; ckwfcJhovJ qdkwJhykpmav}}
]]128 vHk;ckwfcJh&r,favAsm}} [k uREkfyfu oGufvufpGm ajzvdkufvQif udkESif;armifu . . .
]][kwfNyD . . . 128 vHk;vdkY tajz&atmif b,fvdk wGuf,lovJ tdkifyD}} [k ar;av\/
]]aemufqHk;&wJh wpfjcrf;uae ajymif;jyef wGuf,loGm;w,fav? wpfjcrf;? wpfvHk;? ESpfvHk;? av;vHk;? &SpfvHk;
ponfhjzifhayghAsm? ajymif;jyef jyefNyD;wGufoGm;&if &wmygyJ}}
]][kwfNyD. . . 'DtrIudkvJ ajymif;jyefjyefNyD; wGuf,l&r,f? w&m;cHzrf;wJhtcgrSmvJ ajymif;jyefjyefNyD; zrf;&r,f? 'grS
&r,f}}
]]b,fvdkwGufrvJ udkESif;armif? wqdwfavmuf &Sif;jyprf;ygOD;}}
]]'DvdkavAsm? a[m'D ajc&mvrf;aMumif; ajryHkudkMunfh (A) qdkvdkwmu OD;armifuav;&JU ajc&m? (B) qdkwmu
vlrdkufaus;NrD;&JU ajc&m? (C) qdkwmu OD;armifuav;wdkY&JU *dka'gifbufuae ypnf;aowm &Sd&mudkvmNyD;
um;vrf;bufuvmwJhajc&m? tJ'Dajc&m[m OD;armifuav;tavmif;qD jyefNyD; wpfacgufoGm;ao;wJh &mbmqdk;
yef;wGefYeJYajc&m? (D) qdkwmu OD;armifuav;wdkY&JU *dka'gifbufuaeyJ vmwJh zdeyfrygwJhajc&m? NyD;awmh
OD;armifuav;eJYawGUNyD; OD;armifuav;udk owfcJhNyD; ypnf;aowmqDoGm;NyD;awmh jrif;vSnf;eJY wufvdkufoGm;wJh
ajc&mjzpfw,f? [kwfNyD? *dka'gifbufu A,B,C,D qdkwJh ajc&mav;ck? wpfenf;qdk&&if vlav;a,muf vmMuw,f? (D)
qdkwJh ajc&m[m wpfzufuvmwJh jrif;vSnf;eJY vdkufoGm;w,f qdkwJh tcsufudk pOf;pm;&r,f}}
]]b,fvdk pOf;pm;&rvJ udkESif;armif}} [k uREkfyfu ar;vdkufav\/
]] (D) [m tcktwdkif;qdk&if OD;armifuav;wdkYvl r[kwfbl;? vlowform;&JU vljzpfaew,f}} [k
qm;ykvif;ESif;armifu ajymav\/
]] (D) [m vlowform;bufu qdk&if OD;armifuav;u bmjzpfvdkY ac:xm;&rSmvJ udkESif;armif}}
]]tJ'g tppfaygh tdkifaq;? ac:xm;wm r[kwfbl;As? tcef;xJrSm ydwfNyD; zrf;xm;wm? OD;armifuav;wdkY
xGufoGm;NyD;rS olu tcef;wHcg;udk azmufNyD; OD;armifuav; tdrfay:udk wufNyD; vHkcsnfawG bmawGvJNyD;rS
OD;armifuav;wdkY&JU aemufuae vdkufoGm;wm? [dkrSm aus;NrD;udk owfvdkufwm jrifrS OD;armifuav;u *dka'gifbufudk
jyeftajy;rSm [dku xGufvmwJh (D) eJYawGUNyD; (D) u ESdyfvdkufwmAs}}
]][kwfNyDAsKdU . . . &Sif;NyD . . .&Sif;NyD}}
]]uJ . . .wpfzufuvmwJh vlawGudk pOf;pm;Munfh&atmif? wpfzufuvmwJh vlowform;[m jrif;vSnf;eJY vmNyD;
ypnf;aowmudk
csw,f?
NyD;awmh
jrif;vSnf;ay:
rwufawmhbJ
jrif;vSnf;ab;u
avQmufoGm;wJh
SL;zdeyfajc&m&Sdw,fr[kwfvm;? tJ'Dajc&mudk (G) vdkY rSwfxm;? (G) [m ypnf;aowmudkcsNyD; avQmufoGm;w,f? NyD;awmh
(B) eJYawGUw,f? awGUwmeJY (B) udk wpfcgwnf; owfNyD; jrif;vSnf;qDudk oGm;w,f? NyD;awmhrS jrif;vSnf;eJY
ypnf;aowmqDudk jyefvmNyD; ypnf;aowma&m (D) udkyg jrif;vSnf;eJY wifoGm;w,fr[kwfvm;}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]][kwfw,fAsKdU}}
]]'Dawmh trSeftwdkif;vlcGJvdkuf&if OD;armifuav;bufu vlb,fESpfa,mufvJ qdkawmh (A) vdkYjyxm;wJh
OD;armifuav; udk,fwdkif&,f? (B) vdkY jyxm;wJh aus;NrD;&,f? (C) vdkY jyxm;wJh ypnf;aowmqDudkoGm;? um;vrf;bufudk
ajy;? OD;armifuav; tavmif;qDudk wpfacgufjyefvmwJh (C) qdkwJh &mbmqdk;ajc&m&,fyJ &Sdw,f? twdkrSwfzdkYuawmh
A,B,C ayghAsm}}
]]&Sif;NyD; udkESif;armif}}
]]&Sif;&if ajymp&m wpfck&Sdw,f? OD;armifuav;tygt0if A,B,C
OD;armifuav;vJ aoNyD? (B) jzpfwJh vlrdkufaus;NrD;vJ aoNyD? vGwfaewmu
rdatmifzrf;&r,f? 'Daumif[m wpfcgu usKyfwdkYqDudk tuf(pf)-tdk-tuf(pf)
oDv&Sifwpfa,mufudk vTJNyD;ajymoGm;wJh vSnf;ul;um;u py,f,m armifygjzpfEdkifw,f

oHk;a,mufteufu (A) jzpfwJh


(C) qdkwJhtaumifyJ? 'Daumifhudk
qdkwJhpmay;NyD; usKyfwdkYeJYawGUawmh?
tdkifyD}}

]]b,fvdkvJ udkESif;armif? vlowfw&m;cHudk rzrf;bJeJY towfcH&wJhbufu w&m;vdkudk zrf;rvdkYvm;}}


]]tif; . . .pdwf0ifpm;p&myJ vlowfyGJvkyfMur,fhae&mrSm ypnf;aowmBuD;u bmvkyfMuwmvJ rodbl;As?
tJ'gudkaum udkESif;armif pOf;pm;NyD;NyDvm;}}
]]'gvJ pOf;pm;NyD;NyDAs}}
]]OD;armifuav;qDu &xm;wJh pmwpfapmifrSm rrif;jzLudk vTwfay;? aowmeJYvJr,f? NyD;awmh aowmudk
aowmeJY vJr,fqdkwJh pmwpfapmifudk usKyfwdkY&xm;w,f r[kwfvm;}}
]]tif; . . . [kwfw,f}}
]]b,fvdkvJ qdkawmh rrif;jzLudk OD;armifuav;[m zrf;xm;vdrfhr,f? tJ'gudk wpfzufu aowmeJYvJNyD;
jyefxkwfvdrfhr,f? NyD;awmhrS tJ'Daowmudk tjcm;aowmwpfvHk;eJY jyefNyD;vJ,lMuvdrfhr,f? 'Dtcsufudk pOf;pm;awmh
OD;armifuav;wdkYbufu aowmwpfck? vlowform;u aowmwpfck jzpf&r,f? tck[mu vlowform;bufu
aowmudkawmh csxm;wJht&mwpfck awGU&w,f? OD;armifuav;bufuawmh aowmrygbl;? aus;NrD;udkyJ vlowform;qDudk
vTwfvdkufw,f?
wu,fvdkY
aus;NrD;[m
vufjyefvufxdyfcwfrxm;bl;
qdk&ifawmh
aus;NrD;vufxJrSm
aowmtao;av;wpfvHk;ygw,fvdkY pOf;pm;p&m&Sdw,f? tckawmh 'Dvdkr[kwfbl;? aus;NrD;udk yoQL;acgif;jzwf acgif;pGyfpGyf?
vufxdyfudk vufjyefcwfNyD; vlowform;qDudk vTwfvdkufwJh tcsufudkaxmuf&if OD;armifuav;qDu aowmqdkwm
wu,fhaowmr[kwfbJ vlwpfa,muf&JU trnfudk aowmvdkY pum;0Sufvkyfxm;wm rjzpfEdkifbl;vm;}}
]][kwfwmaygh udkESif;armif}}
]]'Dawmh usLyfwdkY[m pmt& vlowform;vdkcsifwJh aowmqdkwm[m wu,fhaowm r[kwfbl;? vlaowmvdkY
oabmayguf&if vlowform;u aowmudkawGUvsufeJY ac:roGm;bJ bmjzpfvdkY owf&vJ qdkwJh tcsufudk
awG;p&mjzpfvmw,f}}
]]bmjzpfvdkYvJAs}}
]]olvdkcsifwJh aowmr[kwfvdkYayghAsm? OD;armifuav;[m vlowform;udk olvdkcsifwJh aowmqdkwJhvludk ray;bJ
aus;NrD;udk
tpm;xdk;ay;cJhw,f?
'Dtcsuf[m
b,frSmxif&Sm;ovJqdkawmh
(wpf)
kyfrrSwfrdatmif
rsufESmzHk;acgif;pGyfxm;wJhtcsuf&,f? (ESpf) aus;NrD;0wfxm;wJhodk;arG;qG,fwm[m aus;NrD;eJY rawmfbJ vufuodyfwdkaewJh
tcsuf&,faMumifh jzpfw,f? aus;NrD; aemufqHk;0wfoGm;wJh qG,fwm[m wu,fawmh vlowform;vdkcsifwJh aowmqdkwJh
vl&JU tusudk 0wfxm;wmyJ? 'Dvdkqdk&if aowmqdkwJh vltppf[m OD;armifuav;qDrSmyJ &Sd&r,f}}
]][kwfw,fAsKdU}}
]]tJ'g b,folrSwfovJ}}
]][ifhtif; . . . rodaygifAsm}}
]]csKyfxm;wJh tcef;xJu xGufvmNyD; OD;armifuav;eJY yufyif;awGUwJhtcgrSm OD;armifuav;udk owfNyD;
vlowform;&JU jrif;vSnf;eJY ygoGm;wJh usKyfwdkY&JU ajryHkrSm awmh (D) trSwftom;jyxm;wJh ajc&mydkif&SifyJ jzpfw,f tdkifyD}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]cifAsm; pOf;pm;vdkufawmhvJ trI[m &Sif;oGm;wmyJAsm? usKyfudkom pOf;pm;cdkif;&ifawmh 'gavmufrsm;wJh


ajc&mawG 'DuGif;xJrSm bmvkyfaeMuovJvdkY ar;&ifawmif 0dkif;BuD; ywfywf upm;aeMuw,fvdkYrsm; ajzrdrvm;
rqdkEdkifbl;Asm}} [k ajymvdkuf&m udkESif;armifonf [uf[ufyufyuf &,farmavawmh\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

qm;ykvif;ESif;armif wdkufcdkufyHk
aemufwpfaeY udkESif;armifESifh uREkfyfonf udkESif;armif\ ajc&mvrf;aMumif;ajryHk (C) qdkaomvlrSm wpfcgu
uREkfyfwdkYtm; vdSrfh vTwfvdkufzl;aom vSnf;ul;um; py,f,marmifygqdkolyif jzpf&rnf[k udkESif;armifu
,lqonfhtavsmuf if;tm;pHkprf;&ef vSnf;ul;bufodkY xGufvmcJhMuav\/
uRekfyfwdkYonf vSnf;ul;odkYa&mufvQif aps;teD;vufzuf&nfqdkifodkY0ifa&muf vufzuf&nfwpfcGufpD
aomufaeMuav\/ uREkfyfwdkYxdkif aepOfyif vSnf;ul;bwfpfum;rsm;onf wpfpD;NyD;wpfpD; 0ifvmMuav\/ um;eHygwf
tm&fat^267 ]wdk;wdk;av;} trnfa&;xm;aom um;onf a&mufvmNyD;vQif 'dkifbmESifh py,f,monf vufzuf&nf
qdkiftwGif;odkY 0ifvmMuav\/
uREkfyfonf 'dkifbmudk aumif;pGm rSwfrdayonf/ py,f,m udkMunfhvdkuf&m [dkwpfaeYu uREkfyfwdkYawGUaom
armifyg[kwfr[kwf aocsmpGm rajymEdkifay/ udkESif;armifu 'dkifbmtm; . . .
]]cifAsm;um;u py,f&m armifyg b,fa&mufoGm;NyDvJ}} [k ar;&m 'dkifbmu . . .
]]b,fodrvJAs? bwfpfum;qdkwm py,f,m wpfaeYwpfa,mufavmufvJaewmyJ}} [kajzav\/
]]aeprf;ygOD; armifyg cifAsm;um;rSm pNyD;vdkufwm b,f&ufavmufuvJ}}
]]'gawG usKyfrSwfraeEdkifbl;As}}
]]xm;ygawmhAsm? olYudk b,folu 'Dum;rSm oGif;ay;wmvJ}}
]]'gvJ rodbl;As}}
]]aumif;aumif;ajzygAsm? usKyfu udp&SdvdkYar;wmyJ}}
]]cifAsm;udp&Sdovdk usKyfvJ udp&SdwmyJ? rtm;bl;As}} [k qdkum 'dkifbmonf um;ay:wuf armif;xGufoGm;
NyD;vQif ukudKyifBuD;t&dyf um;udkoGm;&yfum xdkteD; vufzuf&nfqkdif wpfqdkiftwGif;odkY 0ifoGm;av\/
uREkfyfonf pdwftwGif; um;'dkifbmudk rcHcsifpdwfrsm; jzpfay:vmav\/
]]tdkifaq; . . . 'Daumif w,fNyD; dkif;ygvm;Asm? 'Daumifhudk rouFmzG,f&m&Sdw,fqdkNyD; vSnf;ul;*gwfudk
zrf;cdkif;NyD; *gwfusrS dkuf&atmifAsm}}
[k uREkfyfu ajymvdkuf&m udkESif;armifu ol\ xHk;pHtwdkif; rcdk;rcefYuav;NyHK; . . .
]]olYrSm rajzcsif&if rajzbJ aeEdkifwJh tcGifhta&;&Sdw,fAs? olrdkif;ygbl;? usKyfwdkYar;wmudk ajzyghr,fvdkY
pmcsKyf&SdwmrS r[kwfbJAsm? xm;vdkufygawmh}} [k qdkav\/
uREkfyfESifhudkESif;armifonf qdkifwGif;yif qufvuf xdkifaeMu&m rsm;rMumrD vloHk;a,muf qdkifwGif;odkY
0ifvmNyD;vQif pm;yGJwpfck xdkifav\/ xdkoHk;a,muf0ifvmNyD; rsm;rMumrD aemufxyfESpfa,muf 0ifvmjyef\/
aemufxyf0ifvmolrsm;onfvnf; yxrvlrsm;\ pm;yGJyif 0if xdkifMuav\/
xdkvlig;a,mufpvHk;rSm taygifqdkifrS 0,f,lxm;[efwlaom ukwftus yGyGBuD;rsm;udk aecspfcspfawmufylaeonfh
tcgyif 0wfxm;av\/ uREkfyfonf xdkolrsm;udk tuJcwfovdkMunfhvdkuf&m xdkvlwdkYESifh tMunfhcsif;qHkaeojzifh
uRekfyfu rsufvHk;vTJypfvdkufav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

xdktcsdefyif qdkifa&SU opfyifatmufvnf;aumif;? qdkifa&SUaps;cHkrsm;vnf;aumif;? awmom;rsm;onf


wjznf;jznf; a&muf&SdvmMuonfudk uREkfyftuJcwfrdayonf/ xkdYaMumifh uREkfyfu udkESif;armiftm; . . .
]]tdkifaq; . . . bmt"dym,fvJ rodbl;As? vlawGuawmh wjznf;jznf; rsm;vmNyD}} [k ajymvdkuf&m udkESif;armifu
EIwfcrf;wGif awhxm;onfh pD;u&uftm; rjzKwfbJ cyfNyHK;NyHK; trlt&mESifh . . .
]][dk0dkif;rSm xdkifaewJh ukwftusteDeJYvl[m ydkufBuD;0J ausmf0if;wJh? 'Dbufu EG,facGayguf&Gmu ausmfarmifwJh?
a[m [dk opfyifatmufrSm xdkifaewJhaumifu tvHydk&Gmu pdk;ydkifwJh? "m;NyawGayghAsm? usefwJhaumifawGu
olwdkYwynfhawGaygh? usKyfu wpfcgwkef;u olwdkYudk axmifxJ xnfhzl;w,favAsm? 'Dawmh olwdkYu usKyfudk vmNyD;
0dkif;wdkufMuwmaygh}} [k ajymav\/
]]0dkif;NyD; bmvkyfMurSmvnf; udkESif;armif}}
]]tckawmh aps;u vlpnfaeao;w,f r[kwfvm;? aps;uGJoGm;wJhtxdapmifhNyD; 0ifwG,fHkuvGJvdkY bmrsm;&SdvdkYvJAs}}
[k qm;ykvif;ESif;armifu ajymav\/
udkESif;armifu at;aq;pGmyif ajymaomfvnf; uREkfyfrSm acR;jyefvmav\/ rsufESmom acR;jyefaomfvnf;
vufzsm;ajczsm;rsm;rSm at;pufaeayonf/ udkESif;armifonf pD;u&ufudk wpfvdyfNyD;wpfvdyfaomuf at;aq;pGm
xdkifaeyHkudk Munfh uREkfyfonf tHhMordav\/
]]udkESif;armif at;at;aq;aq;vkyfraeeJYavAsm? BuHprf;ygOD;As? usKyfwdkY tckxGufoGm;&if raumif;bl;vm;}} [k
uREkfyfu wdk;wdk;uyf ar;vdkuf&m udkESif;armifu . . .
]]ckaerSawmh xGufoGm;vdkY rjzpfawmhbl;As? olwdkYu vlcsxm;wm axmifhaphaeNyD? NyD;awmh 'DtaumifawGu
axmifusrSmavmufudk rajymeJY BudK;pifwuf&rSmudkawmif odyfNyD; rIwJhaumifawG r[kwfbl;}}
]]'Dvdkqdk&if b,fvdkvkyfMurvJ? 'Dwpfcgawmh cufNyDayghAsm}}
]]aeprf;ygOD; tdkifyD? at;at;aeprf;yg? usKyfwpfck pOf;pm;aew,f? usKyfpOf;pm;wm ae&mus&ifawmh wpfcsufckwf
ESpfcsufjywfyJAsKdU? wu,fvdkY ae&mrus&ifawmh usKyfwdkY ZuftjywfyJ? [J . . .[J cifAsm; acR;awG jyefaewmudk;}} [k
qm;ykvif;ESif;armifu ajymav\/
uREkfyfonf udkESif;armif\ aoG;at;yHkudk Munfh tHhMordav\/ xdkenf;wlpGm tm;rvdktm;r&vnf; jzpfrdav\/
xdkxufqdk;onfrSm udkESif;armifonf bmrajym nmrajymESifh ae&mrSxum . . .
]]uJ . . .tdkifyD 'DrSm cPapmifhaeOD;}} [k qdkum ae&mrS x qdkif0odkY xGufoGm;av\/ xdkodkY
udkESif;armifae&mux xGufoGm;ojzifh pm;yGJ0dkif;rS ig;a,mufteuf qdkift0ifbufudk ausmay;xdkifvsuf&Sdaom
ESpfa,mufu ae&mrSx udkESif;armiftm; Munfhaeav\/
ydkufBuD;0Jausmf0if;url qdkifbufudk rsufESmrl xdkifNrJxdkif ae&mrS qdkifa&SUopfyifatmufrS vlrsm;tm;
wpfpHkwpf&m jyKvkyf&ef rsufcsnfjyvdkufonfudk uREkfyfu awGUjrifvdkufayonf/ odkY&mwGif udkESif;armifu rjrifbJ a&SUodkY
qufoGm;ojzifh uREkfyfonf rnfodkYrnfyHk jyKvkyf&rnfrodvJ 'l;rsm; wkef vmav\/
xdktcsdef udkESif;armifonf a&SUodkYoGm;aeaomajcvSrf;udk kwfw&uf&yfvdkufNyD;vQif vGefpGm vQifjrefaom
t&Sdefjzifh qdkifbufodkY ajy;0ifum xdkolwdkY\ pm;yGJay:odkY Akdufjzifh&Syfwdkufxdk;vdkuf&m udkESif;armif\ OD;acgif;onf ydkufBuD;0J
ausmf0if;\ &if0odkY aqmifhrd&m ydkufBuD;0J ausmf0if;onf ae&myif acGvJusoGm;av\/ xdktcsdef udkESif;armifonf
tvHydkGmrS pdk;ydkifqdkol\ rsufESmodkY 'l;jzifhwdkuf pdk;ykdifvufwGif;rS "m;ajrmifESifhyif pdk;ydkif\ vnfyif;udkaxmufum . . .
]]a[haumifawG NidrfNidrfaeaemf rNidrf&if wpfcgwnf; xkwfcsif;ayguf xdk;xnfhvdkufr,f}} [k qdkum pdk;ydkiftm; qdkifwGif;rS qGJ
xkwfav\/
]]ajym ajym . . . rif;aumifawGudkajym}} [k udkESif;armifu ajymqdk&m pdk;ydkifu . . . ]]a[haumifawG . . .
a[haumifawG . . .}} [katmfav\/ xdktcsdef wpfa,mufaomolu a&SUodkY wdk;vm&m udkESif;armifu pdk;ydkif\ vnfyif;udk
ydk emusifap&ef "m;jzifh axmufvdkuf&m ]]a[h . . . a[h . . . a[haumif rvkyfeJYajymaewm r&bl;vm; acG;rom;}}[kyif
pdk;ydkifonf ol\ vludk qJvTwfav\/
]]vm . . . tdkifyD}} [k udkESif;armifuac: uREkfyftm; xGufapNyD;vQif udk,fwdkifuvnf; pdk;ydkif\ vnfyif;tm;
axmuf qdkifwGif;rS xGufcJhav\/ xdkYaemuf pdk;ydkiftm; vSnf;ul;*gwfodkY ac:oGm;NyD;vQif tcsKyfcef;twGif; xnfh
xm;vdkufav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

udkESif;armifonf &efukefodkY jyefcgeD;wGif tcsKyfcef;wGif;rS pdk;ydkiftm; oGm;a&muf pum;ajymav\/ uREkfyfonf


Xmetkyftm; vufzuf&nfqdkif awGUcJh&aom vlqdk;rsm;tm; zrf;qD;&eftwGuf trIzGifhae&ojzifh udkESif;armifESifh pdk;ydkifwdkY
pum;ajymaeonfh ae&modkY vdkuf roGm;ojzifh rnfonfh pum;rsm;ajymqdkaeMuonfudkrl uREkfyfrodvdkufay/
uREkfyfwdkYonf tvHk;pHkpDpOfNyD;onfhtcg &efukefodkY jyefcJhav\/ vrf;wGif uREkfyfonf udkESif;armif
vufzuf&nfqdkif wdkufcdkufvdkufyHkudk rsufpd jyef jrifa,mifvmojzifh rnfodkYrnfyHk wdkufcdkufvdkufonfudk
tao;pdwfar;jref;vdk if;bufodkYvSnfhvdkuf&m udkESif;armifu . . .
]]ObAsL[m qdkwm tJ'gudk ac:wmayghAs? &efoludk EGm;vm;ObuJhodkY w&Sdefxdk; 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufvdkufwJh
oabmyJ? ydwfrdae&if tJ'D ObAsL[menf;[m taumif;qHk;yJ tdkifyD}} [k uREkfyfar;rnfhar;cGef;udk BudKodaeonfh tvm;
ajzqdkvdkufav\/
uREkfyfonf udkESif;armif\ ObAsL[m wdkufcdkufjcif;udk rsuf0g;xifxif awGYjrifvdkuf&ay&m
udkESif;armifqdkolum; ykvdyftzGJU qm;ykvif;rvkyfbJ ppfbuf 0ifa&mufvkyfudkifygvQifvnf; ppfrSL;aumif;wpfa,muf
jzpfayrnf[k awG;xifrdav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

rrif;jzLudk zrf;NyD
uREkfyfwdkY pDtdkif'DodkY jyefa&mufonfh tcsdef OD;udkudkBuD;ESifhawGU&av\/ uREkfyfwdkYudk awGUvQifawGUcsif;
OD;udkudkBuD;u . . .
]]tdkifaq; . . . udkESif;armifa&? udkatmifjrifheJY q&mpdefwdkYvlpkuawmh rrif;jzLudk zrf;vdkufNyDAsKdU? a[m[dk
tcef;xJrSm trIppfaeav&JU}} [k Hk;t0if0rSae qD; ajymav\/
udkESif;armifvnf;
um;ay:rSqif;
OD;udkudkBuD;&Sd&modkY
oGm;a&mufav\/
um;udkodrf;NyD;aemuf
uREkfyfwpfOD;wnf;omvQif udkatmifjrifhwdkY trIppfaeonfh tcef;odkY oGm;a&mufcJh\/ tcsdefrSm arSmif&DysKd;aeNyDjzpf
tcef;wGif; rD;rsm;xGef;xm;av\/ jrefrmjynf ykvdyftzGJU\ tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKavmufaom pHkaxmufBuD;rsm;onf
xdktcef;wGif; pkNyHKa&muf&SdaeMuav\/ pHkaxmufBuD;rsm;tv,fwGif vGefpGmacsmarmvSyonfh tNidrfhrif;orD;uav;
rrif;jzLonf &Sufvnf;&Sufae\/ vGefpGmrSvnf; aMumufvefYae\/ xdkYaMumifh ol\ awmufyaom rsufvHk;uav;rsm;onf
rD;a&mif rsuf&nfrsm;vnfum ta&mifwzsyfzsyf vufae\/
xdktcg udkatmifjrifhonf rrif;jzLxHodkY a&mufvmNyD;vQif . . .
]]rrif;jzL . . . 'Dae&m[m tif;pdefpDtdkif'D od&JUvm;? 'Dae&mrSm b,favmufyJ owdaumif;wJh w&m;cHyJjzpfjzpf?
b,favmuf acgif;rmwJh w&m;cHyJ jzpfjzpf trSeftwdkif;ajym&w,f? rajym&if ajymatmifvkyfwJh enf;awG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f?
Mum;vm;}} [k [def;a[mufvdkuf&m rrif;jzLonf rsufpduav;uv,fuv,fjzifh udkatmifjrifhtm; oem;pzG,f
Munfhaeav\/
]]uJ . . .tcktcsdefupNyD; igar;awmhr,f? vdrfr,frBuHeJY}} [k udkatmifjrifhu xyf a[mufvdkufjyef&m
rrif;jzLonf rsuf&nfrsm; yg;jyifay:odkY pD; usvmNyD;vQif wkef,ifaom toHjzifh . . .
]]uRefr rvdrfwwfygbl;? ykvdyfBuD;wdkY&,f}} [k ajymav\/
]]at; . . . rvdrf&ifNyD;a&m? 'DvlowfrIeJY ywfoufNyD; bmajymrvJ}}
]]uRefr bmrS rajymcsifygbl;}}
]]eif[m vlqdk;*dkPf;acgif;aqmif r[kwfvm;}}
]]r[kwf&ygbl;&Sif}}
]]vlrdkufaus;NrD;udk eifodw,f r[kwfvm;}}
]]aus;NrD;qdkwm b,folvJ? uRefr rod&ygbl;&Sif}}
]]atmifrm . . . ighudk vdrfw,faygh [kwfvm;? vdrfOD;}} [k qdkum udkatmifjrifhu rrif;jzLtm; yg;odkYdkuf&ef
vufudk ajrmufG,fvdkuf&m tcef;axmifhrS wpfpHkwpfa,mufu ]][dwf . . .rvkyfeJY}} [k vSrf; atmfvdkufojzifh
wpfcef;vHk;&Sd pHkaxmufrsm;u vSnfhMunfhvdkuf&m atmfvdkufolrSm qm;ykvif;ESif;armif jzpf aeonfudk awGU&ojzifh
tm;vHk;tHhtm;oifh oGm;av\/
udkatmifjrifhvnf; ajrmufG,fxm;aomvufudk
0g;awmhrnfuJhodkYMunfh atmufygtwdkif; ajymav\/

jyef

csvdkufNyD;aemuf

udkESif;armiftm;

pm;awmh

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]'DrSmudk,fvlU . . . udk,fenf;udk,fh[efeJY tvkyfvkyfaeMuwmudk raESmifh,SufygeJY? NyD;awmh wu,fajymMu


pwrf;qdk&if udk,fhvlu qm;ykvif;yJ&Sdao;w,f? usKyfu t&m&Sdjzpfw,f? t&m&Sdwpfa,mufudk [efYwm;zdkY tcGifhta&;
ykvdyftzGJUrSm r&Sdbl;}}
]]t&m&Sdwpfa,muf r[kwfwmvkyfwmudk [efYwm;zdkY tcGifhta&; ykvdyftzGJUrSm r&Sdbl;qdkwm [kwfygw,f?
'gayr,fh tJ'D tcGifhta&;[m usKyf&JU vufoD;eJY 'l;awGrSmawmh&Sdw,f}}
[k udkESif;armifu jyef ajymvdkuf&m pdwfvnf;qdk; &Sufvnf;&SufoGm;aom udkatmifjrifhonf
cg;wGifcsdwfxm;aom aoewfudk qGJxkwfvdkuf&m wpfcefvHk;&Sd pHkaxmufrsm;onf ]]a[h . . .a[h rvkyfeJY}} ]]tdk}} ]]tif}}
ponfh tmar!dwfoHrsm; xGufay:vmum kwfkwfoJoJ jzpfoGm;av\/ odkY&mwGif udkatmifjrifhu rypfao;bJ
udkESif;armiftm; csdefHkcsdef xm;av\/ xdkodkY aoewfjzifh csdefxm;NyD;aemuf . . .
]]a[haumif . . .ESif;armif rif;vlyg;0aewm MumNyD rif;udk t&Sifrxm;bl;}} [k qdkvdkuf&m udkatmifjrifhteD;rS
rrif;jzLonfyif xdwfvefYaMumuf&GHU ]]rvkyf . . . rvkyfMuygeJY&Sif}} [k 0if awmif;yef&Smav\/ q&mpdefuvnf; ]]a[h . .
. armifatmifjrifh 'Dvdkawmh rvkyfygeJYAsm? tcsif;csif;awGyJ}} [lvnf;aumif; awmif;yefMuaomfvnf; wpfpHkwpfa,mufrQ
tem;ruyf&JMuay/ udkatmifjrifhu aoewfjzifh csdefNrJ csdef xm;av\/
udkESif;armifonf pD;u&ufwpfvdyfudk xkwf rD;SdNyD;vQif EIwfcrf;zsm; awhum udkatmifjrifhcsdefxm;aom
aoewfajymif;0qDodkY wpfvSrf;csif; a`E&& avQmufoGm;\/ wpfcef;vHk; tyfusoHrQ rMum;&atmif wdwfqdwfae\/ a'guf
. . . a'guf[laom udkESif;armif\ zdeyfoHomvQif us,favmifpGm Mum; ae&\/ uREkfyfwdkYrSm ukdatmifjrifhonf
rnfonfhtcsdef armif;jzKwf csvdkufrnfenf;[k toufyifrI&JbJ Munfh aeMuav\/ udkESif;armifrSmrl EIwfcrf;wGif
awhxm;aom pD;u&ufrS rD;cdk;rsm;xGuf ae\/ vHk;0wkefvIyf aMumuf&GHUaom trlt&mudkrjybJ aoewfajymif;udk
OD;wnf avQmufoGm;av\/
udkatmifjrifhuvnf; armif;udkrjzKwf? jyL;us,foaom rsufvHk;rsm;jzifhomvQif udkESif;armiftm; MunfhI
aeav\/ udkESif;armifonf aoewfteD;odkY a&mufonfhtcg udkatmifjrifhvufwGif;rS aoewfudk qGJ,l Murf;jyifay:odkY
ypfcsvdkufNyD;vQif . . .
]]udk,fhvl w,fvJ nHhwmudk;As? aemufudkrSwfxm;? rypf&JbJeJY aoewfudk roHk;eJY? ae&mwumrSm
aoewfwjyjyrvkyfeJY? aoewfqdkwm aMumufwJhvlrS aMumufwm? NyD;awmh aoewfu ae&mwdkif; oHk;vdkY
wifhw,fwmrsKd;r[kwfbl;? a[m'Dvdk vufoD;rsKd;uawmhjzifh b,fae&mrSm b,fawmhoHk;oHk; *srf;jzpfw,fvdkY r&Sdbl;?
w,faumif;}} [k qdkum udkatmifjrifh\ ar;aphodkY vufoD;jzifh 'kef;ceJ xdk;csvdkuf&m udkatmifjrifhonf Murf;jyifay:odkY
0kef;ueJ vJus owdvpfoGm;av\/
xdktcg udkESif;armifonf uREkfyfbufodkYvSnfhum . . .
]]tdkifyD . . . tJ'g r[mem*AsL[m vdkYac:w,f? rkef,dkaewJh qifajymifBuD;eJY &ifqdkifawGU&ifawmif aemufudk
rqkwfawmhbl;qdkwJh pdwf"mwfrsKd;awmh tJ'D aoe*FAsL[mrSmvdkw,f}} [k qdkum wpfzufodkY jyef vSnfhoGm;NyD;vQif
rrif;jzL\a&SUrS pm;yGJay:wGif vufaxmufum . . .
]]'DrSm rrif;jzL rSefrSefajymyg}} [k qdkum rrif;jzLtm; qufvufppfaq;avawmh\/ rrif;jzLuvnf; yg;pyfjzifh
rajz&J&SmawmhbJ acgif;udk ndwf jyav\/ uREkfyfwdkYrSmvnf; udkatmifjrifhudk 0dkif;0ef;jyKpkMu&\/ odkY&mwGif
udkatmifjrifhrSmrl vHk;0owd&jcif;r&Sday/
udkESif;armifrSmrl pdwf0ifpm;jcif;r&SdouJhodkY vSnfhyif rMunfhawmhbJ
rrif;jzLudkomvQif ar;cGef;rsm;xkwfum aeavawmh\/
]]rrif;jzL . . . OD;armifuav;tdrf? OD;armifuav;qdkwm
aemuftdrfrSmaewJh vlBuD;udkajymwm? tJ'Dtdrfudk a&mufzl;ovm;}}

irdk;&dyfacsmif;em;u

*dka'gifa[mif;BuD;&JU

]]a&mufzl;ygw,f&Sif? uRefrxm;0,fu vmwkef;u blwmrSm udkMo&u vTwfvdkufwJhvl[efaqmifNyD; uRefrudk


zrf;oGm;wm}}
]]aumif;NyD . . . tJ'DrSm zrf;xm;wkef;u a[m'Dvludk awGUzl;ovm;}}
aus;NrD;\ "mwfyHkudkNyvsuf . . .
]]awGUzl;ygw,f? emrnfawmh rodygbl;? nnqdk&if wa,mxdk;ygw,f}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]aumif;ygNyD . . . tJ'Dvlemrnfu aus;NrD;wJh rSwfxm;? tJ'DtdrfrSm OD;armifuav;&,f? tckajymwJh aus;NrD;&,f


tjyif b,fol&Sdao;vJ}}
]]&mrqdkwm wpfa,muf&Sdygw,f&Sifh}}
]][kwfNyD . . .&mrqdkwm rsufcHk;xlxl oGm;acgacg}}
]][kwf . . .[kwfygw,f&Sif}}
]]rrif;jzLudk zrf;oGm;NyD; OD;armifuav;u bmvkyfovJ [dk; . . .[dk; . . . bmajymovJ}}
]]e*g;odkufu &wemawG ay;&r,fvdkY ajymygw,f}}
]]rrif;jzLuaum e*g;odkufqdkwm odygovm;}}
]]rodygbl;&Sif}}
]]aumif;NyD . . . tck rrif;jzL vufxyfawmhr,fqdk}}
]][kwfygw,f? udkMo&eJY vufxyfawmhrvdkYyg}}
]]udkMo& qdkwm b,folvJ}}
]]t&ifu uRefrwdkY tNidrfhxJrSm 0dkif;0ef;ulnDwJholyg}}
]][kwfNyD . . . tJ'D udkMo&u b,fvdkulnDwmvJ}}
]]udkMo&wkdYu tppt&m&m ulnDwmygyJ}}
]]aMomf . . . usKyfu udkMo&udk ar;w,f? rrif;jzLu ajzawmh udkMo&wdkYvdkY (wdkY) wpfvHk;wdk;ajzw,f? 'Dawmh
rrif;jzLudk ulnDwm udkMo&wpfa,mufwnf; r[kwfbl;aygh}}
]][kwfuJh . . . udkMo&eJYtwl aemufESpfa,muf&Sdygao;w,f}}
]]b,folawGvJ rrif;jzL}}
]]tpfudkrdk;oD;eJY udkaowmwdkYyg}}
]]bm . . .bm . . .bm udkaowm [kwfvm;}}
]][kwfygw,f&Sif udkaowmyg}}
]]udkaowmu b,fvdkulnDwmvJ}}
]]uRefrtNidrfhrSm vljyufvdkaeawmh vljyufae&mu0ifNyD; ulnDwmyg}}
]]aumif;NyD . . . rrif;jzL? tarmajzygOD;? a&aomufvdkufygOD;}} [kqdkum rrif;jzLtm; tem;ay;NyD;aemuf
udkESif;armifonf pD;u&ufudk aomufav\/ tawmfMumonftxd tem;ay;NyD;aemuf qufvuf ar;jref;av\/
]]tpfudkrdk;oD;qdkwmuaum}}
]]tpfudkrdk;oD;qdkwmuawmh tppt&m&m olyJ acgif;aqmifwmygyJ&Sif}}
]]tJ'D tpfudkrdk;oD;eJY udkaowmqdkwmu tckb,frSmvJ}}
]]aoygNyD&Sif? oHk;ESpfavmuf&SdygNyD}}
]]aoNyD . . . [kwfvm;}}
]][kwfygw,f&Sif . . . ao&SmygNyD}}
udkESif;armifonf rsufarSmifukwf pOf;pm;ae\/ xdkYaemuf pD;u&ufudk zGmdIufNyD;vQif . . .
]]rrif;jzL . . . udkMo&&,f? udkaowm&,f? udkrdk;oD;&,fqdkwm[m oli,fcsif;awGvm;}} [k ar;jyef\/
]]rrif;jzLudk ar;&rSmawmh tm;emygw,f? rar;rjzpfvdkYar;wmyg? rajz&ifvJ aeEdkifygw,f? tJ'DoHk;a,mufxJu
rrif;jzLudk udkMo&wpfa,mufwnf;uyJ cspfa&;qdkovm;? usefwJhESpfa,mufuaum cspfa&;qdkzl;ovm;}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]][ifhtif; . . . rqdkygbl;&Sif}} (&Suf rsufESmrsm;eDjref;ae\) ajz&aom rrif;jzLomvsif &SufaoG;aMumifh


rsufESmrsm;eDjref;aeonfr[kwf? ar;&aom uREkfyfwdkY vlBuD;uvnf; rsufESmeDvsuf&Sdayonf/
]]aumif;NyD rrif;jzL? tJ'DoHk;a,mufxJrSm rrif;jzLarwmwu,f&Sdwm b,folvJ? 'Dudpudk usKyfwdkY tjyifudk
raygufMum;ap&ygbl;? ajzEdkif&ifajzyg}}
rrif;jzLonf rsuf&nfrsm;usvsuf acgif;iHkYae\/ udkESif;armifu . . .
]]ajzEdkif&ifajzyg rrif;jzL}} [k acsmh ar;avonf/
]]uRefr wu,fcspfwm tpfudk rdk;oD;yg? 'gayr,fh aoomaooGm;a&m
cspfwJht&dyfta,mifawmif rjycJhygbl;}} [k qdkum dIuf aeavawmh\/

uRefrudk

olu

wpfcgrS

]]aumif;NyD rrif;jzL? tckvdkajzay;wm usKyfjzifh odyfNyD; aus;Zl;wifwmyJ? ridkygeJYAsm? tpfudkrdk;oD;qdkwmvJ aorSyJ?


trINyD;oGm;wJhtcgrSm udkMo&eJYyJ vufxyfNyD; at;at;csrf;csrf;aeaygh}} [k qdkum udkESif;armifonf rrif;jzL\ rsufESmudk
tuJcwfvdkufav\/ xdkYaemuf qufvufar;jref;jyef\/
]]OD;armifuav; zrf;xm;wJhqDuae rrif;jzL b,fvdkvGwfoGm;wmvJ}}
]]OD;armifuav;udk,fwdkif vTwfNyD; jrif;vSnf;eJY ydkYcdkif;vdkufwmyg}}
]]aumif;NyD? rrif;jzL OD;armifuav;qDu vGwfvmwm nr[kwfvm;? arSmifuvJ arSmifaew,f r[kwfvm;}}
]][kwfygw,f}}
]]abmufaxmf&Gmuae udkMo&tdrfudk jyefvmwm[m jrif;vSnf;orm;eJY rrif;jzLESpfa,mufwnf;aygh}}
]][kwfygw,f&Sif}}
]]vrf;rSm jrif;vSnf;orm;u rrif;jzLudk bmajymovJ}}
]]pum;qdkvdkY wpfcGef;rS rajymygbl;&Sif? uRefru tckuRefrudk tdrfjyefydkYrSmvm;vdkY ar;wmudkawmif rajzEdkifbl;?
ydkYwmuawmh tdrfa&mufwJhtxdydkYygw,f? uRefr tdrfxJudk 0ifoGm;rSudk jyefoGm;ygw,f}}
]]aumif;ygNyD rrif;jzL}}
]]tdk; . . . [dkrSm vlav;armifatmifjrifh bmjzpfaewmvJ}} [laom toHudk Mum;&ojzifh Munfhvdkuf&m
rpwmu&pfyifonf uRekfyfwdkY tcef;wGif;odkY 0ifvmonfudk awGU&avawmh\/
]]bmrS rjzpfygbl; rpwmu&pfyif? aoewfudk xkwfNyD;upm;aevdkY cPavmuf usKyfu odyfxm;vdkufwmyg}} [k
qm;ykvif;ESif;armifu ajymvdkufav\/
]]aMomf . . .aMomf . . . odyfxm;wm udpr&Sdbl;? trIay:zdkYu udp &Sdw,f? usKyfudkawmh xkacsvTm awmif;aeNyD
qm;ykvif;ESif;armif}}
]]rylygeJYrpwmu&pfyif? usKyfajymwJhtwdkif; cifAsm;vdkufemr,fqdk&if 'DtrI&JU w&m;cHudk usKyfudk,fwdkif
zrf;ay;yghr,f}}
]]bmjzpfvdkY usKyfu rvdkufemEdkif&rSmvJ? w&m;cH ay:r,fqdk&if usKyfu vdkufem&rSmaygh}}
]]aumif;NyD . . .rpwmu&pfyif}} [k ajymvdkuf&m rpwmu&pfyifvnf; *G'fEdkuf[k EIwfqufum xGufoGm;av\/
xdktcg udkESif;armifonf rrif;jzLtm; Munfh . . .
]]bmrS tm;ri,fygeJY rrif;jzL? trIrSefay:atmifawmh usKyftwwfEdkifqHk; BudK;pm;yghr,f}}
]]ykvdyfBuD; . . . aMomf . . . aMomf . . .q&mBuD;? tdk; . . . tpfudkBuD; emrnfu . . . }}
]]usKyfemrnf . . . ESif;armif . . .qm;ykvif;ESif;armif}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

rrif;jzLudk ao'Pfay;NyD
aemufaeYowif;pmrsm;wGif ESpfavmif;NydKifvlowfrIESifhywfouf tus,fw0ifha&;om; azmfjyMuav\/
rrif;jzLtm; vlowfrI\ w&m;cHtjzpfomruybJ vlqdk;*dkPf;\ vQKdU0Sufacgif;aqmifBuD;tjzpf owif;pm
a&;om;Muav\/ pHkaxmufudkatmifjrifhudkvnf; wu,fhol&Jaumif;BuD;ozG,f ajrmufyifha&;om;Muav\/
uREkfyfonf xdkowif;pmudk zwfNyD;aemuf vGefpGm rausreyfjzpfrdavawmh\/ xdkYaMumifh owif;pmudkcs
vufzuf&nfaomuf&ef xGufvmcJh&m Hk;t0if0 udkESif;armifudk awGU&av\/ uREkfyfonf udkESif;armifudk awGUvQifawGUcsif;
...
]]tdkifaq; . . .owif;pm zwfNyD;NyDvm;}} [k ar;vdkuf&m udkESif;armifu zwfNyD;aMumif; acgif;ndwf jyav\/
]]rrif;jzLudk wu,fhvlqdk;BuD;vdk a&;xm;w,f}} [k uREkfyfu xyf ajymvdkuf&m udkESif;armifu . . .
]]'DtwGufawmh pdwfraumif;rjzpfygeJYAsm? olYuHaygh? usKyfvJ BudK;pm;wmyJ w&m;cH tppfrS ray:awmhvJ
cufwmayghAsm}} [k qdkav\/
xdktcsdef OD;udkudkBuD;yg uREkfyfwdkY teD;odkY a&muf&Sd vmNyD;vQif rrif;jzLESifh ywfouf owif;pmyg&Sdaom
owif;rsm;taMumif;udk ajymqdkav\/
]]b,fvdkvJ ukdESif;armif? rrif;jzLudk wu,fhw&m;cHBuD;vdk udkatmifjrifhwdkYuawmh vkyfxm;NyDAs? crsm
oem;p&mygyJAsm}} [k OD;udkudkBuD;u qdkav\/ xdktcg udkESif;armifonf ol\ xHk;pHtwdkif; rcdk;rcefYuav;
NyHK;vdkufNyD;aemuf . . .
]]usKyfvJ oem;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh wu,fh w&m;cHtppfudkrS usKyfu zrf;ray;EdkifawmhvJ olajymovdk
jzpfaewmayghAsm? 'DtrIuvJ wu,fhudk oyGwftljzpfaewmAs? &Sif;xkwfzdkY awmfawmfuav; cufwm}} [k qdkav\/
]]rajymaumif; ajymaumif;Asm? rrif;jzLuav; ao'Pfrsm; cH&OD;rSmvm;? cufawmhwmyJ udkESif;armif&,f}} [k
OD;udkudkBuD;u nnf;lvdkufav\/
]]Hk;wifwJhtcgrSmawmh rrif;jzLbufu a&SUaeudk ta&;BuD;wJh tcsufuav; wpfcsufESpfcsufavmuf
oifay;&rSmyJ? tJ'DtcsufawGu rrif;jzL[m vlowfw&m;cH r[kwfbl;vdkY jiif;csufxkwfEdkifwJh tcsufayghAsm}} [k
udkESif;armifu ajymav\/
uREkfyfwdkYajymqdkaeMupOf
atmufygtwdkif;ajym oGm;av\/

pHkaxmufudkatmifjrifhonf

Advyfjyefq&mpdefESifhtwl

uREkfyfwdkYMum;avmufatmif

]]'DrSm q&mpdef? usKyfu vG,fwJhtrIwpf&mudk ay:atmifrvdkufcsifbl;? tckvdk cufcJwJh trIwpfckudk


ay:atmifvkyfNyD;? usKyf&JU t&nftcsif;udk jycsifwmMumNyDAs}}
uREkfyfonf
xGufoGm;av\/

udkatmifjrifhpum;aMumifh

cdk;vdk;ckvk

jzpfoGm;av\/

OD;udkudkBuD;uvnf;

a'goaxmif;ceJ

]][if; . . . udkESif;armif&,f? [dkaeYu wpfcgwnf; taoxdk;ypfvdkuf&if taumif;om;}} [kvnf;


pdwfqdk;rmefqdk;ajymav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

udkESif;armifrSmrl
pdwfqdk;onfh
trlt&mudk
rjybJ
NyHK;om
aeav\/
ol\tNyHK;rSm
rnfonfht"dym,faqmifonfudkrl uRekfyftaeESifh twyfrajymEdkifyg/ odkY&mwGif wpfpHkwpfckudk ydkifydkifEdkifEdkifBuD;
qHk;jzwfvdkufonfh t&dyfta,mifrsm; yg&Sdaeonf[k uREkfyfqdkcsifygonf/
]]uJ . . .tdkifyD? usKyfawmh ta&;BuD;wJhudpeJY c&D;oGm;&OD;r,fAsm? ta&;BuD;wJh udp qdkwmu usKyf&JU
udk,fa&;udk,fwm udpyg}} [k qdkav\/ udkESif;armif\ pum;aMumifh uREkfyfonf rrif;jzLtwGuf pdk;&drfonfhtavsmuf
udkESif;armiftm; . . .
]]cifAsm;oGm;wmawmh [kwfygNyD? rrif;jzLtrIu b,fvdkvkyfrSmvJ? udkatmifjrifhqdkwJhvlu Hk;wifawmhrSm}} [k
ajymvdkuf&m udkESif;armifonf pdwfraumif;aomrsufESmESifh . . .
]]cufw,fAsm? rrif;jzL[m w&m;cHr[kwfbl;qdkwmudk usKyfajym0Hhygw,fAsm? 'gayr,fh wu,f[kwfwJh w&m;cHudk
awmh usKyfvJ zrf;ray;Edkifbl; tdkifyD? b,fwwfEdkifrvJAsm? ]oaAowm uroumaygh} uJ . . . usKyfoGm;r,f}} [k qdkum
usKyfESifh OD;udkudkBuD;tm; EIwfquf xGufoGm;avawmh\/
udkESif;armifxGufoGm;pOfu uREkfyf\ pdwf wpfcgwkef;uuJhodkY trItm; w&m;cHrazmfEdkifawmh vufajrmuf
a&SmifxGufoGm;onf[k [efjyNyD;vQif w&m;cHtm; zrf;qD; jyefvmrnfvm;[k arQmfvifhrdao;awmh\/
odkY&mwGif rrif;jzLtm; Hk;wif ppfaq;aeonftxd
arQmfvifhcsufrsm;vnf; aysmufuG,f oGm;&av\/

udkESif;armif

ay:rvmojzifh

uREkfyf\

rrif;jzLtm; Hk;wifppfaq;aeonfrSm av;Budrfyif &SdayNyD? wpfBudrfESifhwpfBudrfrSm (14) &ufMum\/


udkESif;armifu ay:rvm? xdkYaMumifh udkESif;armifonf trIudk ay:atmifrvkyfEdkifonfh twGuf t&Suf&um wpfcgwnf;
aysmufuG,f ZmwfjrKyfoGm;avNyD[kyif pOf;pm;zG,f&m jzpf vmavawmh\/
odkYESifhyif rrif;jzLtm; ig;Budrfajrmuf Hk;xkwfppfaq;NyD;onftxd udkESif;armifu ay:rvmojzifh uRekfyfonf
OD;udkudkBuD;ESifh wdkifyifum rpwmy&pfyifxH0ifa&muf udkESif;armifwpfa,muf (cGifhvGefysufuGuf) jzpfaeonfhtaMumif;
wifjy taMumif;Mum;&av\/
rpwmu&pfyifuvnf; uREfkyfwdkY wifjyonfudk em;axmifNyD;aemuf uREkfyfudkyif . . .
]]vluav; . . .qm;ykvif;ESif;armif cGifh,lNyD; jyefrvmwJh udpudk (tufpfatmhtD;) a&;NyD; uREkfyfqDudk wifyg}} [k
qdkav\/ tufpfatmhtD; qdkonfrSm tjzpftysuftusOf;csKyf a&;jcif;udk qdkvdkygonf/
uRekfyfvnf; rpwmu&pfyifapcdkif;onfhtwdkif; a&;om;NyD; aemuf Hk;jyifodkY xGufvm&m OD;udkudkBuD;ESifh
ESpfa,mufom; udkESif;armif\ taMumif;udk ajymqdkMuav\/
OD;udkudkBuD;uvnf; udkESif;armiftwGuf ,lusKH;r&jzpfae\/ wufwacgufacgufESifh . . .
]]cufw,fAsm? olvdkufvmwJhtrIawGtm;vHk; ay:wmcsnf;yJ? wpfrIwpfavray:wm bmjzpfovJAsm?
pHkaxmufqdkwmvnf; q&m0efvdkyJaygh q&m0efqdkwm ukwJhvlemwdkif; b,fvmaysmufyghrvJ? udk,fukwJhvlem
raysmufvdkY&SufNyD; xGufoGm;&r,fqdk&if aq;HkrSm q&m0efawmif&SdrSm r[kwfawmhbl;? ckawmhAsm trI ray:wmeJY wpfcgwnf;
ZmwfjrKyfoGm;vdkufwm . . .}} [k rcsdwifuJ ajym&Smav\/
]]udkESif;armif[m wu,fawmh odyfNyD; pdwf"mwfBuHhcdkifwJh vlwpfa,mufygyJAsm? 'gayr,fh 'DtrIrSm w&m;cHudk
odaeygvsufeJY vuf&rzrf;Edkifwmudk olYtaeeJY odyfNyD;&SufoGm;w,f xifwmygyJAsm}} [k uREkfyfu ajymrdav\/ uREkfyfwdkY
pDtdkif'D vnf; udkatmifjrifhonf ajczsm; waxmufaxmuf vufrwpfaxmifaxmifESifh tjrifuwfzG,f&m &Sdavawmh\/
uREkfyfwdkYonf udkESif;armiftm; jyefvmEdk;ESifh arQmfudk;cJhaomfvnf; aemufxyfwpfvMumonftxd jyef
a&mufrvmawmhay? xdktcg aemufqHk;pD&ifcsufcsrnfh Hk;csdef;aeYodkY a&muf&Sdvmavawmh\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

rrif;jzLtm; aemufqHk;pD&ifcsufcsaomaeY
xdkaeYonf uREkfyf\ wpfoufwmwGif uREkfyfarG;aeYuJhodkY uREkfyfudk,fwdkif arh r&aomaeYjzpfayonf/
rrif;jzLtm; aemufqHk;pD&ifcsufcsrnfhaeY jzpfojzifh ypwmu&pfyiftygt0if uREkfyfwdkY pDtdkif'DrS pHkaxmuft&m&Sdtm;vHk;onf
w&m;Hk;odkY oGm;a&mufMu&av\/ owif;pmwdkufrsm;rSvnf; owif;,l&ef a&muf&SdaeMuav\/ A[kokw vdkvm;olrsm;ESifh
pyfpkwwfolrsm;vnf; vma&mufMuav\/ rrif;jzLtm; pD&ifcsufrcsrD ESpfywfcefYuwnf;u owif;pmwdkif;vdkuyif
rrif;jzLao'PfusEdkifaMumif; owif;rsm; azmfjya&;om;Muav\/ tcsKdUowif;pmrsm;uvnf; trsKd;orD;jzpf
tjypf'Pfavsmhaygh csrSwfap&ef wdkufwGef; a&;om;xm;onfh tjyif pD&ifcsufcsrnfhaeYudkvnf; owif;pmwdkif;u
azmfjyxm;onfjzpf&m rrif;jzL\ trItm; pdwf0ifpm;aomvlrsm;onf ,aeYeHeufapmapmuyif Hk;odkY a&muf&SdaeMuav\/
uREkfyfrSm roGm;rjzpf Hk;odkYoGm;&aomfvnf; rrif;jzLtwGuf tBuD;tus,f pdwfraumif;jzpfrdav\/
uREkfyfa&mufonfh tcsdef Hk;wGif tawmfyif vlpnfum;aeNyDjzpfayonf/ rpwmu&pfyif\ teD; &efukefykvdyfrif;BuD;
rpwmpwD;0yfudkyg awGU&av\/
ykvdyfbufrS tBuD;tuJawmfawmfrsm;rsm; a&muf&SdaeaMumif; uREkfyfowdjyKrd\/ rrif;jzL\ trIonf
uREkfyfawGUzl;aom trIrsm;teuf vltpnfum;qHk;trI[k qdkcsifygonf/ tcsdefusa&mufaomtcg trsKd;orD;ykvdyf ESpfOD;u
uyfvsuf ykvdyfESpfa,mufu aemufrS &Hum Hk;xkwf vmavonf/
rrif;jzLtm; jrif&oltaygif;u ]][if . . .vlqdk;*dkPf;acgif;aqmifvdkYom qdkw,f? w,facsmwJh rdef;rygvm;}} [l
vnf;aumif;? ]]'gavmufacsmwJh rdef;uav;u vlESpfa,mufudk owfw,fqdkwm igawmh r,Hkygbl;}} [l vnf;aumif;
Munfholrsm;u ajymqdkMuav\/
uREkfyfonf rrif;jzLudk awGUjrif&onfhtcg rrif;jzLum; rrif;jzLqdkonfhtwdkif; jzLjzLazG;azG;ESifh
rsufESmuav;uvnf; eef;qefqef usufoa&&SdvSayonf/ tu,frsm; udkESif;armifonf trItm; ay:atmifvdkufEdkif
rrif;jzLtm; trIrS vGwfatmifvkyfEdkifvQif aumif;aypG[k awG;rdav\/
xdkYaemufcefYnm;acsmarm pdwfxm;jrifhjrwfvSaom uREkfyf\rdwfaqGBuD; qm;ykvif;ESif;armiftm; jzLjzLacsmacsm
w&m;cHrav; rrif;jzLESifh pdwfwGif;rS wGJzuf Munfhrd&m a&SUoGm;aemufvdkufnDyHkudk awGUjrif&av\/
udkESif;armifESifh rrif;jzLom taMumif;quf aygif;zuf&vQif vGefpGmMunfh vdkufzufaom pHkwGJwpfwGJ
jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ ,cktajctaetwdkif;qdkvQif udkESif;armifuvnf; vHk;0aysmufuG,f oGm;ayNyD/ rrif;jzLuvnf;
ao'PfuscH&ayrnf/ qHkpnf;zG,f&m taMumif;r&Sdawmhay/
trsKd;orD;ykvdyfrsm;onf rrif;jzLtm; w&m;cH0ufNcHtwGif;odkY oGwfoGif;vdkufav\/ rsm;rMumrDtcsdef
vGefpGmtom;rnf;aom a&SUzwfpma&;u w&m;olBuD;\ pifjrifhay:odkY wufum rrif;jzLtm; trdefYcs&ef puf&Sifw&m;olBuD;
a&mufvmawmhrnfjzpfaMumif; ol\ toH pl;pl;uav;jzifh aMunmvdkuf&m . . .
ydk;acgif;aygif;MuufaoG;a&mifudk aygif;xm;onfh puf&Sifw&m;olBuD;onf a&muf&Sdvmavawmh\/ xdkYaemuf
ESpfzufaom0wfvHkwdkY pHknDpGm &Sdr&Sd ar;jref;NyD;aemuf toifha&;,l vmaom pD&ifcsuf&SnfBuD;udk zwfMum;avawmh\/
pD&ifcsufwGif trIjzpfyGm;yHk? w&m;vdkbufrS 0wfvHkwifjyonfh tcsufrsm;ESifh w&m;cHbufrS 0wfvHkwifjyonfh ta&;BuD;aom
tcsufrsm;udk azmfjyxm;\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

xdkYaemuf w&m;Oya'\ oabmw&m;ESifh qdkvdkcsufwdkYudk azmfjyNyD;aemuf rrif;jzLonf trI\ vufonf


w&m;cHjzpfaMumif; vlowfrIudk usL;vGefoljzpfaMumif; tcsuftvufcdkifvHkonf jzpf ao'PfcsrSwfxdkufayonf[k
azmfjyxm;av\/ xdkYaemuf pD&ifcsufwGif ]odkY&mwGif} [laom pum;qufudk toHk;jyK rrif;jzLonf trsKd;orD;wpfOD;jzpf
aeojzifh oufSmpGm pOf;pm;oifhayonf[k azmfjyjyefav\/ wpfzef ]]odkY&mwGif}} [laom pum;qufudk toHk;jyK odkY
trsKd;orD;jzpfjcif;aMumifh
tjypf'Pfudk
avQmhayghcJhygu
aemufwGif
jypfrIusL;vGef&ef
&nf&G,folwdkYonf
tjypf'Pfavsmhayghap&eftwGuf jypfrIrsm;udk trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; usL;vGefapcdkif;Murnf jzpfonfhtjyif w&m;Oya'ESifh
tjypf'Pfonf qif;&Jcsrf;om rcGJjcm;yJ wpfajy;nDpGm &SdouJhodkY a,musfm;? rdef;r[lvnf;]]vdif}}tay:
cGJjcm;jcif;r&SdaomaMumifh rrif;jzLtm; raorcsif; BudK;pif owfap&ef trdefYcsvdkufonf[k ed*Hk;csKyfvdkufav\/
uREkfyfwdkYrSm pD&ifcsufudk em;axmifae&pOfvnf; ( odkY&mwGif ) [laom pum;a&mufwdkif;
&ifwzdkzdkESifhjzpfcJhav\/ aemufqHk;vnf; uREkfyfwdkYrMum;csifaom pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&ojzifh eifhceJjzpfoGm;av\/ xdkodkY
pD&ifcsufcsvdkufonfhtcg wjcm;vludkz,fxm; trIEdkifoGm;aom qGJcsonfyif rdrdtEdkif&&SdonfhtwGuf raysmfEdkifbJ
rdIifusoGm;av\/
w&m;Hk;wpfckvHk;vnf; rQ y&dowfrsm;jym;pGm&Sdygvsuf tyfusoHrQ rMum;&atmif wdwfqdwf oGm;av\/
rrif;jzL\ idkdIufoHwdk;wdk;uav;udkomvQif uREkfyfwdkYMum; aeayonf/ rrif;jzLum; BudK;pif rIrvS
ao&ayawmhrnfwum;[k uREkfyfonf pdwf BuD;pGmaom raumif;jcif;udk jzpfrdavawmh\/
xdktcsdef vltkyftwGif;rS w&m;olBuD;bufqDodkY ajcvSrf;rSefrSefjzifh avQmufoGm;aom zdeyfoHwpfoHonf ]]a'guf
. . .a'guf. . .a'guf}} jzifh xl;qef;pGm ay:xGufvmojzifh Munfhvdkuf&m eufjyma&mif Oa&my0wfpHkudk 0wfvsuf
vnfyif;bdk;wdkifac: vnfpnf;ajymufuav; pnf;xm;onfh t&yfjrifhjrifh vlwpfa,mufudk awGU&av\./ xdkolonf
t&yfjrifhHkomruyJ rsufESmrSmvnf; a,musfm;yDyDoo &Sdayonf/ rsufvHk;rsufzef? ESmwHESifh yg;pyfwdkYrSm tcsKd;tpm;use
vGefpGm Munfh aumif;ayonf/ ol\ tom;ta&mifrSm cyfndKndKjzpf&m t*Fvdyf0wKrsm; Zmwfvdkufudk
zGJUEGJUwifpm;avh&Sdaom pum;wpfckudk trSwf&rdap\/
xdkpum;rSm Tall Dark and Handsome [l jzpf\/ ]]tom;ndKndK t&yfjrifhjrifh kyfacsmacsm}} [l
t"dym,f&av\/ if;ndKndKjrifhjrifh kyfacsmacsmvlu pifjrifhay:rS w&m;olBuD;tm; txifao;aom rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh vSrf;
MunfhvdkufNyD;vQif . . .
]]rrif;jzLudk vTwfvdkufyg? 'DtrI&JU wu,fhw&m;cH[m usKyfygyJ? usKyfemrnf rdk;oD;vdkY ac:w,f? aus;NrD;qdkwJh
aumif&JU &if0udk a[m'D"m;eJY usKyfudk,fwdkif xdk;cJhwmyJ/ rrif;jzLudk ao'Pfay;awmhr,fqdkvdkY oD[dkVfuae vmcJh&wmyg}} [k
qdk tdwftwGif;rS xkwf jyaom "m;ajrmifudk ay;av\/
xdkYaemuf tjcm;wpfa,mufonf xdkvl\ enf;wlxGufvmjyef\/
]]rrif;jzLudk vTwfvdkufyg? OD;armifuav;udk usKyfudk,fwdkif a[m'D"m;eJY xdk;owfcJhwmyg? usKyfemrnf aowmyg}}
[k qdkum xdkvluvnf; "m;ajrmifwpfvuf ay;jyefav\/
xdktcsdefyif zGmvefBuJaeaom tuspkwf? abmif;bDpkwfESifh vlwpfa,mufonf vltkyftwGif;rS xGufvmNyD;vQif
rdk;oD;[k ajymaom yxrvlESifh aowm[k ajymaom 'kwd,vlwdkYtm; if;\ vG,ftdwfpkwfBuD;twGif;rS vufxdyfudk EdIuf,l
vufxdyfcwfvdkufNyD;aemuf y&dowfbufodkYvSnfhum . . .
]]usKyf . . . qm;ykvif;ESif;armifyg}} [k ajymvdkuf&m vltkyfBuD;rSm vGefpGmtHhMo oGm;NyD;aemuf . . .
]]qm;ykvif;ESif;armif}}
]]qm;ykvif;ESif;armif}}
]]wdkY qm;ykvif;ESif;armifuG}} [k atmf[pf Mobmay;Muav\/
vma&mufem;axmifMuaom y&dowfonf wpfa,mufwpfayguf qdkovdk qm;ykvif;ESif;armiftm; trsKd;rsKd;tzHkzHk
csD;rGrf;ajymqdkMuonfrSm vufyHyif quf&ufusqdkaom pum;uJhodkY uRwfpDuRwfpDESifh qlnHvsuf&Sdavawmh\/ xdktcg
w&m;olBuD;onf aMu;pnfxkaom wif;ykwfuJhodkY wif;ykwfuav;ESifh pm;yGJcHkudk ]]'kef; . . .'kef; . . . 'kef;}} [k xkvdkuf&m
qlnHaeaom vltkyfonf rD;udk a&ESifhowfvdkufouJhodkY wpfzefwdwfqdwfoGm;jyefav\/ xdkodkY wdwfqdwfoGm;onfhtcg
w&m;olBuD;u . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]tm;vHk;cifAsm; . . . tckusKyf&JU w&m;cGif[m wu,fhw&m;cGiftppfr[kwfygbl;? [efjyvkyfxm;wJhw&m;cGifyg?


rrif;jzLtrIudk Hk;xkwfNyD;ppfaq;wm[mvJ ig;Budrf&SdygNyD? tJ'gvJ w&m;Hk;tppfr[kwfygbl;? usKyfwdkYvkyfxm;wJh
[efaqmifw&m;Hk;yg? tJ'DvdkjyKvkyfEdkifatmif a[m'D[dkufukwfHk;awmfBuD;rSm wm0ef&SdwJh yk*KdvftcsKdUeJY ykvdyfbufu
pHkaxmufrif;BuD;
rpwmu&pfyifuaewpfqifh
wifjycJhygw,f?
'Dvdkr[kwf&if
rdk;oD;eJY
aowmqdkwJh
w&m;cHtppfjzpfwJhvlESpfa,mufudk zrf;rdzdkY rvG,fbl;qdkwJhtaMumif;? trIwGJeJYwuG wifjyvmwJhtwGuf usKyfwdkYu tckvdk
jyKvkyfcJhygw,f? y&dowfudk vSnfhpm;zdkYr[kwfygbl;? 'DrSm aqmif&GufMuwJh ESpfzufaom 0wfvHkawGuvnf; wu,fh0wfvHkawG
r[kwfygbl;? ykvdyfbufu yk*dKvfawGygyJ? 'gayr,fh aumvdyfwHk;u (avm)udk oif,lcJhwJh vlawGayghAsm? usKyfqdk&ifvJ
ysOf;rem;u ykvdyf'DtufpfyD wpfa,mufyg? puf&Sifw&m;olBuD; r[kwfygbl;}} [k &Sif;jyvdkuf&m uREkfyfwdkY pDtdkif'DrS
pHkaxmufrsm;yifvQif tHhMojcif;jzpf&avawmh\/
udkESif;armifu uREkfyftm; . . .
]]tdkifyD . . . a[m'D rdk;oD; qdkwJhvl[m olYemrnf&if; udkt*FgvdkYac:ygw,f? oD[dkVfrSm &wemwGif;awGudk
vdkifpifcHNyD; tvkyf vkyfaewJh olaX;wpfa,mufayghAsm}} [k ajymav\/ rrif;jzLonf w&m;cH0ufNcHtwGif;rS ajy;
xGufvmNyD;vQif ]]tpfudk rdk;oD; . . .tpfudkrdk;oD; raoao;bl;aemf}} [k ajymum rdk;oD;tm; zuf idkav\/
rrif;jzLonf rdk;oD;tm;zuf idkaeonfudk Munfhvdkuf&m olwdkYpHkwGJonfvnf; vGefpGmvdkufzufaom
twGJjzpfaMumif; owdjyKrdjyef\/ ykvdyfESpfa,mufonf rrif;jzLtm; aemufqkwfcdkif;NyD;vQif udkrdk;oD;tm; tusudk cRwf
twGif; vufeufwpfpHkwpf&m ygrygudk &SmazGavawmh\/
xdktcgxl;qef;rIwpfckudk
awGU&jyef\/
udkrdk;oD;onf
kyf&nfomvQif
cefYnm;onf
r[kwfyJ
tuscRwfvdkufonfhtcg
vGefpGmtcsKd;usaom
udk,fvHk;udk,faygufudkyg
awGU&jyef\/
xl;qef;onfrSm
nmzufvufarmif;wGif ykvJykwD;uav;wpfuHk;udk ESpfacgufacgufywfxm;onfudk awGU&av\/ xdkykvJykwD;tm;
teD;uyf uREkfyfMunfhvdkuf&m aps; wpfusyfig;rwfESifh 0,f&aom xrif;ajcmufykvJykwD;uav;udk tb,faMumifh
vufarmif; ywf xm;&onfudk rpOf;pm;wwfatmif &Sdav\/
rrif;jzLESifhaphpyfxm;aom udkMo&qdkoluvnf; udkrdk;oD;xHodkYvma&mufum ]]q&mudkrdk;oD;}} [k qdkum zuf
idkjyefav\/ xdkYaemuf aowmqdkolxHodkYvnf; oGm;a&mufum ]]udkaowm jyefNyD;awGU&ao;w,fAsm}} [k ajymvdkuf&m
aowmqdkolu NyHK;&,fvsuf . . .
]]q&mudkrdk;oD;u odMum;rif;avAs? rrif;jzL 'kua&mufw,fqdk&if ol&JU y@Kurvmjrausmufzsmu
wif;rmvmavawmh rrif;jzLudkvmNyD; u,f&wmaygh? [J . . .[J usKyfuawmh odMum;rif;udk tBudKtydkY vkyf&wJh
0doBuHKewfom;av}} [k udkMo&tm; ajymav\/ udkMo&onf aowmqdkoltm; xl;qef;ouJhodkY Munfh . . .
]]cifAsm; tom;awGuvnf; qEGif;cJ(eEGif;cJ) vdk 0gxdefaevdkufwmAsm}} [k ajymvdkufojzifh aowmqdkoltm;
uREkfyfMunfhvdkufrd&m trSefwu,fyif eEGif;cJuJhodkY 0gxdef aeaom tom;a&mifudk awGU&onfjzpf&m ]]w&m;cHudk rd&if
wpfa,muf[m tvGefyJ tom;0gwJhvljzpf&r,f}} [k udkESif;armif BudKwif ajymcJhaompum;udk owd&ojzifh
udkESif;armiftm; uREkfyfonf xyfrH txifBuD;&jyef\/
rrif;jzLonf udkrdk;oD;\ vufarmif;udk ol\za,mif;wdkifuJhodkY jzLoG,faom vufuav;rsm;jzifh zspfnpf
qkyfudkifum ]]tpfudkrdk;oD; aoNyDqdk uRefrudk bmjzpfvdkYvdrf&wmvJ tpfudkrdk;oD;&,f}} [k tm;rvdktm;r& ar;jref;
udkrdk;oD;\ us,fjyefYaom&ifbwf ol\rsufESmuav;udk 0Suf idkIdufaeonfrSm jrif&oltaygif; pdwfrcsrf;ajrhzG,f&m
jzpfavawmh\/
]]rrif;jzL&,f . . . usKyfawmh 'DwoufrSm rawGUawmhbl;&,fvdkY a&SmifoGm;wmyJ? 'gayr,fh rrif;jzL
'kua&mufaeNyDqdkwm od&awmh usKyfraeEdkifbl;av}} [k vGefpGm aMuuGJzG,f&maumif;aomtoHjzifh ajymav\/
]]rrif;jzLrSm b,fvdktjypfrsm;&SdvdkY a&SmifoGm;wmvJ tpfudkrdk;oD;&,f}} [k rrif;jzLu qdkYeifhpGm ajymav\/
udkrdk;oD;u tajzray;awmhyJ udkESif;armiftm; pl;&Jaom rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh MunfhvdkufNyD;vQif . . .
]]qm;ykvif;ESif;armifqdkwm cifAsm;udk;}} [k ajymum auseyfESpfodrfhaom tNyHK;rsKd;udk jzpfay:apvsuf . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]aemufqHk; usKyfudk vufxdyfcwfwJhvl[m jrefrmjynfrSm tawmfqHk;jzpfwJh qm;ykvif;ESif;armifqdkwJh


pHkaxmufwpfa,mufjzpfaewmudku usKyftzdkYawmh BudK;pifay:udk ausauseyfeyfBuD; wufoGm;EdkifwJh tcsufyJAsKdU}} [k
ajymvdkuf&m qm;ykvif;ESif;armifuvnf; NyHK; . . .
]]udkt*Fg . . .aMomf . . .aMomf . . .udkrdk;oD;vdk PfoGm;vSNyD; udkaowmvdk pGefYpm;0HhwJhvlESpfa,mufudk
zrf;vdkuf&wJhtwGuf omrefMunfh&ifawmh *kPf,lp&mygyJ? 'gayr,fh usKyfrSmom cifAsm;wdkYudk vTwfay;EdkifwJh
wefcdk;tmPmrsKd;&Sd&if udkrdk;oD;udk rrif;jzLeJY vufxyfay;NyD; wpfcgwnf; vTwfvdkufprf;ygbdAsm}} [k ajymvdkuf&m . . .
rdk;oD;u . . .
]],Hkygw,f? qm;ykvif;ESif;armif}} [k qdkvdkufav\/
uREkfyfwdkYvnf; udkrdk;oD;? udkaowm? rrif;jzLESifh udkMo&wdkYtm; uREkfyfwdkY
ac:aqmifvmcJhavawmh\/ Hk;odkYa&mufvQif if;wdkY av;OD;tm; uREkfyfu eHeufpm auR;arG;&av\/

pDtdkif'DXmecsKyfodkY

udkrdk;oD;ESifh udkaowmwdkYtm; udkESif;armifu xGufrajy;&efuwdawmif;&m if;wdkYu rajy;aMumif; uwdjyKojzifh


udkESif;armifonf vufxdyfrsm;jzKwf ay;xm;vdkufav\/ xrif;auR;arG;NyD;aemuf if;wdkYav;OD;\ ajzmifhcsuf?
xGufqdkcsufrsm;udk ,l&av\/ if;wdkY\xGufqdkcsufrsm;udk ,l&m av;&ufwdwd tcsdef,l&av\/
xdkav;&uftwGif;vnf; udkESif;armif\ qEt& if;wdkYtm; pDtdkif'D0if;twGif;yif vGwfvyfpGm aexdkifcGifh
ay;&avonf/ if;wdkYonf w&m;cHrsm;ESifhrwlyJ [dkw,f vma&muf wnf;cdktyef;ajzaeolrsm;uJhodkY &Tifvef;pGm
aeMuav\/
tay:ydkif;udk Avmusif;vsuf? nmvufarmif; ykvJykwD;uav;ywfxm;aom abmif;bD&Snf rdk;jyma&mif
0wfqifxm;onfh udkrdk;oD;onf naetcgrsm; pDtdkif'D0if;wpfavQmuf avnif;cH&if; vrf;avQmufaeonfudkvnf;aumif;?
udkrdk;oD;\ab;rS rarmEdkif ryef;Edkif udkrdk;oD;rxdkifrcsif; olyga&m vrf;avQmufaeaom rdef;racsmav;
rrif;jzLudkvnf;aumif;?
pDtdkif'D0if;tvnfwGif&Sdonfh
aumif;uifbm;
arsmufvTJausmf
wpfaumifuJhodkY
wufvdkufqif;vdkuf? uRrf;xdk;vdkuf vkyfaeonfh udkaowmudkvnf;aumif;? opfyifatmufwGif ykwD;pdyfaeonfh
udkMo&udkvnf;aumif;? uREkfyfwdkY pDtdkif'DrS pHkaxmufrsm;omvQif r[kwfyJ um;vrf;ay:wGif jzwfoGm;aomoltaygif;onf
jrifawGUMu&ayrnf jzpfawmhownf;/
(atmufwGif azmfjyvwHUaom taMumif;t&mwdkYrSm trSefpifppftm;jzifh udkat;aqmif ac: udkMo&qdkol\
xGufqdkcsufrsm;udk rl&if;twdkif;wifjyygu ]]ykvdyfrSwfwrf;}}BuD;wpfckomvQif jzpfay&m zwfI&olwdkYtzdkY ysif;&dNiD;aiGUzG,f&m
jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ xdkYaMumifh rl&if;udk rysufapbJ 0wKozG,fa&;om; wifjyvdkuf&ygonf/ xdkxGufqdkcsufwdkY
pdwf0ifpm;zG,f?
xdwfvefYzG,f?
tm;uszG,f?
oifcef;pm,lzG,frsm;yg&Sdayonf/
xdkYtwl
udkrdk;oD;taMumif;?
udkaowmtaMumif;? udkMo&taMumif;ESifh vGefpGmoem;zG,f&maumif;vSaom rdef;racsmuav;rrif;jzLtaMumif;rsm;
pHkpHkvifvif yg&Sdonfjzpf&m xGufqdkcsufrSwfwrf;onfyif ]]rrif;jzL rSefrSefajym}} 0wKjzpfonf[k qdkcsifu
qdkEdkifayownf;/)

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

uREkfyf\ zcifonf 0dZm"dk&favm


uREkfyf\
zcif
uG,fvGeftedpa&mufonfh
aeYyif
uRekfyfonf
Aifeifulvmq,fwef;ac:
wdkif;&if;jrefrmq,fwef;udk cdkifwpfckvHk; AdkvfpGJ atmifjrifav\/ pmar;yGJ xl;cRefpGmatmifjrifonfhtwGuf
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpf&rnfhtcsdef zcifBuD; uG,fvGeftedpa&muf&onfhtwGuf uREkfyfonf 0rf;ajrmufjcif; r&SdcJhyg/
xdkYxufqdk;onfrSm zcifBuD; r&Sdonfhtcg uREkfyfonf rdcifBuD;tm; vkyfauR;jyKpk&ef wm0efrsm;onf uREkfyf\
ycHk;ay:odkY pkNyHK a&muf&Sd vmavawmh\/
uREkfyfESifh wpfcsdefwnf; Aifeifulvmq,fwef;udkatmifjrifMuaomolwdkYrSm ,leDAmpDwDodkY wufa&muf&eftwGuf
t*Fvdyfpmudkoif,lolu oif,l? ausmif;q&mvkyf&eftwGuf q&mjzpfoifudk wufoluwufESifh aysmfjrL;aeMuonfhtcsdef
uREkfyfrSmrl rdcifBuD;ESifhtwl uREkfyftzdkY a&SUvmrnfh &ufrsm;wGif pm;aomufMu&rnfh xrif;twGuf rnfodkYrnfyHk
jyKvkyf&rnfudk ylyefpdk;&drfvsuf&Sdayonf/
ae&m uREkfyf\ zciftaMumif;udk tenf;i,fa&;om;azmfjy&ef vdkayonf/
uREkfyfzcif\ trnfrSm OD;rl[l jzpf\/ odkY&mwGif uREkfyfwdkY yGifhjzLNrdKUwpfNrdKUvHk;rS vlrsm;u uREkfyf\zciftm;
q&mrl[lyif
ac:a0:Muav\/
uREkfyfrSwfrdoa&GUrSmvnf;
uREkfyf\zcifonf
rnfonfhtvkyfudkrQ
rnfrnf&&vkyfudkifonfr&SdbJ tdrfaemufaz; zdkHkwpfckaqmufvkyfum t*d&wfxdk;aejcif;udkomvQif awGU&ayonf/
"mwfAdaEmaq;q&mtjzpfESifh
e,fxGuf
ukowwfav\/
xdkodkY
aq;ukxGufoGm;vQifvnf;
tenf;qHk;av;vcefYMumwwf wpfcgwpf&H wpfESpfeD;yg;yif jzpfwwfaMumif; uREkfyfaumif;pGmrSwfrdayonf/
tcsKyftm;jzifhqdk&vQif uREkfyf\zcif q&mrlrSm t*d&wform;a,mifa,mif? AdaEmq&ma,mifa,mif? wpfcgwpf&H
0goemwlcsif; awGUonfhtcg odkufpmrsm;udk &Gwfqdk ajymqdkwwfonfjzpf&m odkufq&ma,mifa,mif[kvnf;
qdkEdkifayonf/
odkY&mwGif uREkfyf\zcifonf rnfonfhtvkyfudkrQ rnfrnf&&vkyfudkifjcif; r&SdygbJvQuf uREkfyfwdkYonf
rnfodkYrnfyHk pm;aomufaeMuoenf;[k ar;zG,f&m&Sdav\/
xdktar;tm; ajzqdk&rnfrSmvnf; cyfqef;qef;&Sdayonf/ uRekfyf\ zcifonf vukefcgeD;onfhtcg
t*d&wfxdk;aom zdkHkxJrS a&TwHk;uav;wpfwHk;udk udkif xGufvmNyD;vQif uREkfyftm; ]]vlav;vdkufcJh? rauG;udkoGm;r,f}} [k
ac: uREkfyf\rdciftm;vnf; ]]r,fca& . . .rauG;wufOD;r,fa[h . . .bmrsm;rSmcsifao;ovJ}} [kvnf; ar;wwfav\/
uREkfyf\rdcifuvnf; tdrf oHk;pGJ&efvdktyfaom qD? qm;? ikwf? MuufoGefrStp za,mif;wdkifESifh qGrf;awmfuyf&eftwGuf
csKdcsOfoMum;vHk;ygrusef rSmMum;wwfavonf/
uREkfyf\ zcifonf rauG;? rif;bl;? a&eHacsmif;? qifjzLuRef; paomNrdKUrsm;&Sd a&Tqdkifrsm;odkY tvSnfhusqdkovdk
zdkHkwGif;rS xkwf,lcJhaom a&TwHk;uav;rsm;udk a&mif;cswwfav\/ uREkfyfwpfck owdjyKrdonfrSm uREkfyf\zcif zdkHkwGif;rS
xkwf,lcJhaom a&TwHk;uav;rsm;onf qdkifrsm; a&mif;csonfhtcg qdkifrS csdefwG,fMunfhwwfonfjzpf&m rnfonfhtcg
jzpfap? a&Twpfusyfom;csnf;&Sdaewwfavonf/
a&Tqdkif a&mif;csNyD;onfhtcg rdcifBuD;rSmvdkufaom ypnf;rsm;tjyif rdcifBuD;twGuf y'krmydwfprsm;?
cgomydwfprsm;? o&ufxnfvHkcsnfprsm; uREkfyftwGuf abmif;bD? OD;xkyfESifh upm;p&mrsm;udkyg 0,f,lcJhav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

e,fxGuf aq;ukoonfhtcgvnf; av;v ig;vpm aiGaMu;udk rdcifBuD;tm; ay;xm;NyD;rSom


e,fxGufavh&Sd\/ xdkodkYay;xm;&efrSmvnf; zcifBuD;onf zdkHktwGif;odkY 0if zdkqGJum a&TwHk;uav;rsm; xkwf,lcJhjcif;
jzpfayonf/
uREkfyf\
zcifESifh
ywfouf
xl;qef;aom
tcsufwpfckrSm
zcifBuD;
vGefpGmvSyaom
"m;ajrmifwpfvuf&Sdjcif;yif jzpfayonf/ xdk"m;ajrmifrSm dk;dk;"m;ajrmifrsm;ESifh rwlyJ toGm;rSm "m;&Snfavmufvnf; r&Snf?
dk;dk;"m;ajrmifavmufvnf; rwdkyJ paumput&G,f jzpfav\/ toGm;rSm xdkodkYxl;jcm;ouJhodkYtdk;vnf; qifpG,fjzifh
jyKvkyfxm;NyD;vQif tdk;wpfavQmuf tif;uGufrsm; azmfxm;av\/ xdk"m;ajrmiftm; zcifBuD;onf c&D;oGm;onfhtcgwdkif;
,l oGm;wwfav\/
uREkfyf\
zcifonf
t*d&wform;a,mifa,mif?
AdaEmq&ma,mifa,mif?
odkufq&ma,mifa,mif
vlpm;rsKd;jzpfay&m rdwfaqGtaygif;toif; vGefpGmrsm;ayonf/ xdkrdwfaqGtaygif;toif;rsm;rSmvnf; tm;vHk;vdkvdkrSm
t*d&wform;? aq;q&mESifh odkufwabmifwdkYwGif pdwf0ifpm;olcsnf; jzpfayonf/ xdkrdwfaqGrsm; txJwGif &yfa0;rS
rdwfaqGwpfOD;vnf; &Sdao;\/ xdkrdwfaqGxHrSvnf; rMumrMum pmrsm;vmwwfavonf/ xdkrdwfaqGrSm rnfolrnf0g
jzpfonfudk uREkfyfrodcJhyg/ uREkfyfudkrqdkxm;bJ uREkfyfrdcifyif od&Sdjcif; r&SdcJhyg/
uREkfyf\zcifonf vGefpGmvQKdU0Suf vGefpGmrSvnf; xl;qef;aom vlBuD;wpfa,muf jzpfayonf/
aoqHk;yHkrSmvnf; vGefpGmxl;qef;ayonf/ c&D;xGuf&mrS jyefvmNyD; wpfywfcefYtMumwGif kwfw&uf tjyif;zsm;um ]]a&TawG?
vdyfawG? vl,kwfrmawG vmNyD}} [k ua,mifuwrf; atmf[pf yg;pyfzGifh r&yJ aoqHk;oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/
uREkfyfESifh uREkfyf\ rdcifonf yGifhjzLNrdKU&Sdaom uREkfyfzcif\ rdwfaqGrsm;jzpfaom t*d&wform;rsm;?
AdaEmq&mrsm;ESifh odkufq&ma,mifa,mifvlrsm;udk taMumif;Mum; zcifBuD;\ psmyeudk pDpOf&av\/
odkY pDpOf&m &,fp&maumif;aom tjzpfwpfckudk awGUjrif&av\/ t*d&wform;wdkUonf zcifvkyfxm;cJhaom
wpfusyfom;&Sd a&TwHk;uav;wpfwHk;udk vHkwpfcktwGif;rS awGUjrifoGm;Muav\/ uREkfyf\ zcifonf raorD
tcsdefydkif;uav;twGif; zdkHkodkY 0ifcJhonfudk uREkfyfowdjyKrdygonf/ uREkfyf\ zcifonf ,ckvtwGuf toHk;jyK&ef
aiGvdkonfhtwGuf vkyfaeus a&Twpfusyfom;udk 0if vkyf\/ xdkodkY vkyfNyD;aemuf vHkudk tat;cHxm; zdkHkrS
xGufvmNyD;vQif yufvufukvm;xdkif xdkif em;aepOftwGif; kwfw&uf tzsm;wufvmum ua,mifuwrf; atmf[pf
aoqHk;oGm;jcif;jzpf\/ t*d&wform;wdkY vHkwGif;rS awGUaom a&TwHk;uav;rSm uREkfyf\zcif aemufqHk;vkyfoGm;aom
a&TwHk;uav;yif jzpfayonf/
t*d&wform;wdkYonf a&TwHk;uav;;tm; rSwfausmuf yGwfMunfh\/ avmifrD;(i&JrD;) pm;Munfh\/ xdkYaemuf
wpfa,mufaomolu . . .
]][m . . .q&mrlu w,fNyD;EIwfvHkwmudk;?
awmfawmfa&mufaeNyDaygh}} [k qdkav\/

tcktwdkif;qdk&if

t*d&wfpum; pm;vrf;yGifhonf? &dumaxmuf&onf


aiGjzpftqifhtxd a&mufaeNyDjzpfaMumif; ajymqdkjcif; jzpfayonf/

qdkonfh

pm;vrf;awmifyGifhaerSyJ?
pum;rsm;rSm

udpuawmh

"mwfvHk;onf

a&Tjzpf

wpfa,mufaom t*d&wform;uvnf; . . .
]][ . . .q&mwdkY&? pm;vrf;yGifhaeNyDqdk&if olY&JUtvHk;u jymtefaeNyDaygh? jymudk&atmif&Smr,f}} [k qdkum
&SdorQaom bl;cGufESifh ykvif;rsm;ygrusef jy'g;jymudk &Smav\/
aq;q&mwdkYuvnf; ]]q&mrl[m dk;dk;vlr[kwfbl;? aq;0dZmjzpfaewm usKyfwdkYu rodvdkufvdkY}} [k qdkum
uREkfyfzcif azmfpyfxm;aom AdaEmaq;rsm;udk uREkfyf\ rdcifxHrS awmif;,lMuav\/ tcsif;csif;jiif;cHk pum;rsm;Mu\/
&efjzpfMu\/
odkufq&mrsm;uvnf; . . .
]]r[kwfrSvGJa&m q&mrl[m odkufatmifxm;NyDuG? olYqDrSm odkufpmawG &Sd&OD;r,f}} [k qdkum uREkfyfzcif\
pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;ESifh pmtdwfrsm;udk arTaESmufav\/
uREkfyf\zcifonf xdkolwdkYajymouJhodkY "mwfvHk;atmif a&TjzpfaiGjzpf&aeNyDavm? aq;0dZm jzpfaeNyDavm?
odkufwpfckudkwl; atmifcJhNyDavm uREkfyfudk,fwdkif rod&yg/ uREkfyfwdkY wpftdrfvHk;rl t*d&wform;rsm;? odkuform;rsm;ESifh

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

aq;orm;wdkYonf ae&mvyfr&Sdatmif &Smolu&SmMu? uREkfyfzcif\ tavmif;tm; 0dZmjzpfaeNyD taoxGuf xGufwm[kqdkum


ukef; uefawmholu uefawmhESifh tvkyfIyfaeonfhtxJwGif uREkfyf\ rdcifBuD;u . . .
]]trav; . . . udkrl&JU? xMunfhygOD;? &SifhvlawG wpftdrfvHk; arTukefMuNyDawmhf? &Sdcdk;wJholawGvnf;
&Sdcdk;ukefMuNyDawmfh? &Sifuawmh 0dZmjzpfrvm;? o&Jjzpfrvm; rodbl;? usKyfwdkYom;trdawmh tiwfab;qdkufawmhr,fawmfh}} [k
atmf[pf idkvdkuf&m tokbtwGuf vma&mufulnDMuaom vlrsm;rSm &,fcsifvGef;aomfvnf; usdwf
atmifhtnf;aeMuonfh txJwGif wpfa,mufaomolrSm r&,f&raeEdkifjzpfum atmifh xm;&mrS cpf. . .cpf. . .cpfESifh
&,foHuav; usdwf xGufvm&m usefvlrsm;yg ratmifhEdkifawmhbJ &,farmrdMuavawmh\/
odkufq&mrsm;onf odkufpmawGUvdkawGUjim; &SmazGMu&m uREkfyfzcif\ rSwfpkrsm;udk awGUMuojzifh zGifh
MunfhMu&m twGif; wkwfacsmif;uav;rsm;? 0paygufuav;rsm;omvQif a&;rSwfxm;onfudk awGU&ojzifh odkufq&mrsm;u
xdkxl;qef;aom wkwfacsmif;uav;rsm;ESifh 0paygufrsm;om yg&Sdaom pmrsm;udk wjznf;jznf;BuHq ,lrnf[kqdkum
uREkfyf\ rdcifxH awmif;,lMuav\/
zcifxHodkY rMumrMumvmavh&Sdaom pmtdwfrsm;udk zGifhMunfhMu&mvnf;
wkwfacsmif;rsm;ESifh 0paygufrsm;udkomvQif xl;qef;pGm awGUjrif&av\/

rSwfpkpmtkyfyg&Sdaom

uREkfyf\rdcifBuD;onf zcifESifhywfoufaom ypnf;rsm;udk awmif;&rf;olrsm;tm; ay;vdkufNyD;vQif tcsKdUaom


ypnf;ESifhpmtkyfrsm;tm; bkef;BuD;ausmif;odkY vSL ypfvdkuf&m uREkfyfzcif\ psmye &ufvnfaomtcg if;ESifhywfoufaom
ypnf;rsm;onf tdrf wpfpHkwpf&m rusef&Sdawmhay/ aemufqHk; zm;zdkBuD;udkyif t*d&wf0goemygaom zdk;olawmfwpfOD;tm;
vSL'gef;ypfvdkufav\/
uREkfyfzcif\ <uif;usefaom kyfuvmyfudkvnf; t*d&wform; odkuform;ESifh aq;orm;wdkYonf xD;jzLrsm; rdk;
uefawmhyGJrsm;pGmjzifh ocsKif;ukef;odkY ,loGm;NyD;vQif rD;oN*dK[fMuav\/ xdkYaemuf tdk;jymudk a&Tcsxm;aom
ajrtdk;xnfhum wpfa,mufaom t*d&wfq&mu ,liifoGm;avawmh\/ xdktdk;jymudk ,liifoGm;aom t*d&wfq&mrSm
yifpif& ausmif;q&mBuD; OD;aoG;jzpfaMumif; uREkfyfaumif;pGm rSwfrdygonf/
uREkfyf\zcifBuD;um; touf&SdpOfvnf; vGefpGmvQdKU0Suf vGefpGmrSvnf; xl;qef;aom olwpfOD;jzpfonfh
tavQmuf aoqHk;oGm;onfhtcgvnf; xl;qef;pGm aoqHk;oGm;onfhtjyif tokbudprSmvnf; trsm;oligESifhrwlbJ
ocsKif;jrKyfESHjcif;? *loGif;jcif;rjyK&bJ tdk;jymtdk;udkyg ,lolu,ljzifh xl;qef;pGm Zmwfodrf;cJh&av\/
aemifwGifod&onfrSm yifpifpm; ausmif;q&mBuD;OD;aoG;onf &aoh0wfoGm;NyD;vQif uREkfyfzcifBuD;\
tdk;jymtdk;udkvnf;
&efukefNrdKU
ig;xyfBuD;bk&m;teD;
ajruGufvyfwpfck
aumif;rGefpGm
*loGif;xm;NyD;vQif
*l\acgif;&if;bufvnf; wpfzufygpmudk a&;xGif;xm;onf[k od&av\/

*Em&D0dZm"dk&f q&mrl\
cEma[mif; tdk;jym
wnf&Sd&m *leef;

xdktdk;tdk;ab;&Sd yef;tdk;oHk;vHk;vnf; aeYpOfaeYwdkif; yef;topfrsm;ESifh a0a0qmqm&Sdaewwfayonf/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

uREkfyfESifh i&JjynfodkY a&mufapaom pmwpfapmif


uREkfyf\ zcifuG,fvGefNyD;aemuf uREkfyfonf &efukefNrdKUodkY xGufvmcJhavonf/ uREkfyf\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm
Hk;wpfHk; oifhawmfaom tvkyfwpfckudk &SmazG&efjzpf\/ tu,f tvkyf&cJhygvQif rdcifMuD;udkyg ac:,l oifhawmfaom
&yfuGufwpfck tdrfcef;wpfcef; iSm;&rf; om;trdESpfa,muf aexdkifMu&efjzpf\/ wpfESpfcefY tvkyfvkyf
aeonfhtwGif;vnf; rdcifBuD;tm; aps;wpfaps; rkefY[if;cg;jzpfap? tjcm;aom pm;aomufzG,f&mjzpfap a&mif;csaprnf/
xdkodkYa&mif;cscJhygvQif wpfESpftwGif; aps;qdkifonf t&Sdef&vmrnfjzpf\/ xdktcsdef uREkfyfonf t*Fvdyfpmudk
oD;oefYBudK;pm; oif,lum tvkyfrSxGufNyD;vQif ,leDAmpwDodkY wufa&muf&efjzpfonf/
uREkfyfonf txufygtwdkif; pdwful; tpDtpOftuGufcsum &efukefNrdKUodkY wpfa,mufwnf; xGufvmcJhav\/
&efukefNrdKUodkY a&mufonfh aeYrSp wpfHk;0if wpfHk;xGufESifh avQmufvTmpm&Gufuav;udkifum tvkyf&SmazGcJh&m
rnfonfhHk;urQ tvkyfray;onfhtjyif tcsKdUHk;rsm;uqdkvQif uREkfyftm; Aifeifulvmq,fwef;eJY b,fuvm
tvkyf&EdkifyghrvJ [lyif avSmifajymifvdkufao;\/
uREkfyfonf tpdk;&Hk;rsm;udk ukefonftxd tvkyf&SmNyD;aemuf
r&onfhtqHk;wGif
ukrPDrsm;odkY
oGm;a&mufavQmufxm;Munfh&jyef\/ ukrPDrsm;rSmvnf; t*Fvdyfpm rwwfjcif;udk taMumif;jyK uREkfyftm;
tvkyfay;&efvHk;0 pOf;pm;jcif;rjyKay/
xdkYaMumifh uRekfyfonf ygvmaom aiGuav;udk jcpfjcKwfpm;aomuf ZGJaumif;aumif;jzifh qufvuf
tvkyf&SmazGcJhaomfvnf; rnfonfhHk; rnfonfhukrPDurS tvkyfray;ojzifh wkwfyGJHkrsm;odkY qufvuf
tvkyf&SmazGjzpf\/
uREkfyfvnf;
aiGESpfusyfrQom
usef&Sdawmhonfjzpf&m
xdkaiGESpfusyfukefoGm;onfhtcg
uREkfyf&ifqdkif&rnfhtjzpfudk awG;awmum &ifav;rdavawmh\/
wpfaeYo uREkfyfonf odrfBuD;aps;bufodkY OD;wnf a&Twd*Hkbk&m;vrf;twdkif; avQmuf vmcJh&m
armfawmfum;uav;wpfpD;onf
uREkfyf\teD;
uyf
&yfvdkufNyD;vQif
um;\aemufbuf
ygvmaom
yef;Eka&mifacgif;aygif;udk aygif;xm;onfh touf(50)cefYvlBuD;u um;ay:rS qif;vmum . . .
]]a[h armif . . . rif;[m yGifhjzLNrdKUu q&mrl&JUom; armifat;aqmif r[kwfvm;}} [k ar;av\/
uRekfyfuvnf; [kwfrSefaMumif; 0efcHvdkufvQif xdkvlu . . .
]]igwdkYu rif;udk &SmaewmyJ? uJ . . .uJ . . . um;ay:wuf? rif;taz[m igh&JUrdwfaqGuG? 'Dawmh
rif;tazr&SdawmhwJhaemufrSm rif;udk ightaeeJY ulnDapmifha&SmufzdkY 0w&m;&Sdw,f}} [k qdkav\/
uREkfyfrSmvnf; pkpkaygif; aiGESpfusyfrQom usef&Sdawmhonfjzpf&m pdwftm;i,f aeonfh tcsdef ,ckuJhodkY
apmifhrMunfhIrnfh uREkfyfzcif\ rdwfaqGqdkolwpfOD;onf rdk;ay:rSus vmouJhodkY bGm;ceJ ay:aygufvmcJhjcif;aMumifh
txl;yif 0rf;ajrmuf&Tifvef;rdavawmh\/
xdkYaMumifh um;ay:odkYwuf vdkufygcJhav\/ wpfvrf;vHk;vnf; xdkvlBuD;onf uREkfyfzcifESifh rnfrQtxd
cifrif&if;ESD;Muonf/ wpfOD;tusKd;udk wpfOD;u rnfuJhodkY o,fydk;aqmif&GufcJhonf ponfhjzifh rem;wrf; ajymqdkav\/
]]rif;tazqHk;wmudk rodbl;uG? aemufrS wpfqifhpum;eJYod&wm? odwmeJY csufcsif; igvdkufoGm;wm? [dkusawmh
rif;taryJ awGUawmhw,f? rif;tar&JU ajymjycsuft& rif;u &efukefrSm tvkyfoGm;&Smw,fvdkY od&w,f? wpfywfavmuf
aemufusNyD;rSom rif;xGufcJh&if wdkYeJYawGU&rSm? b,fvdkvJ tckaum tvkyf&NyDvm;}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]r&ao;bl;cifAs}}
]]r&vJ rylygeJYuGm? ighqDrSmyJaewmaygh? wu,fvdkY tvkyf&vJ wpfvrS q,fhig;usyfavmuf &rSmyg
armifat;aqmif}}
uREkfyfonf xdkvlBuD;\ emrnfudkrQ rod&aomfvnf; xdkvlBuD;udk MunfndKvQuf&SdayNyD/ vlBuD;um;
rdrdrdwfaqG\ om;orD; 'kua&mufaeonfudk wm0efodwwfpGmjzifh ulnDwwfayonfwum;[k pdwfwGif;rS usdwf
csD;usL;rdav\/
xdkvlBuD;ESifh uREkfyfonf pum;wajymajymESifh vmcJhMu&m yef;qdk;wef; pwm;HkteD;odkYa&mufaomtcg Hk
csdwfxm;aom bdkifpukwfaMumfjimrsm;udk Munfhvdkufojzifh uREkfyfvnf; if;ESifhtwlvdkuf Munfhrdav\/
]][m . . . wmZHum;opfygvm;uG? igawmha[h uav;qefw,fyJ ajymajym wmZHZmwfum;qdk&if odyfNyD;
oabmuswmyJ? *RefeD0ufprlvmqdkwJh wmZHrif;om;uvJ a&ul;vJaumif;? EG,fBudK;pD;vJ w,fNyD; uRrf;usifwmuG?
MunfhMu&atmifuGm}} [k vlBuD;u ajym 'dkifbmtm; um;udk&yfcdkif;NyD;vQif ]]bdkifpukyf NyD;wJh tcsdefavmufrSm
bHkaba[mfw,frSm vmNyD;BudKa[h}} [k rSm wmZHum;udk 0ifa&mufMunfhIav\/
wmZHum; jyoonfhtcg xkdvlBuD;ajymcJhaompum;rsm; rSefuefaMumif; uREkfyfawGU&av\/ wmZHonf
a&xJodkYarsmoGm;aom
if;\
om;uav;aemufodkY
a&ul;vdkuf\/
xdkenf;wlpGm
rdausmif;uvnf;
uav;aemufodkYvdkufav\/ wmZHESifh rdacsmif;a&ul;NydKifMujcif;yif jzpfayonf/
wmZHonf
rdausmif;xufOD;pGm
uav;xHodkYa&muf&SdoGm;NyD;vQif
uav;udk
u,fq,fvdkufEdkif\/
a&ow0grdausmif;xufyif a&ul;uRrf;usifaom wmZHtm; xdkvlBuD;u oabmusonf qdkjcif;onf tjypfqdkzG,f&mr&Sday/
Zmwfum;NyD;qHk; HkrSxGufonfhtcg xdkvlBuD;u uREkfyftm; bHkab[dkw,fodkY ac:oGm;NyD;vQif uREkfyfwpfcgrQ
rpm;zl;aom pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm;udk auR;arG;av\/
uREkfyfpdwfxJ yGJxJZmwfxJwGif rif;om;twd'kua&mufaeonfhtcg odMum;rif;onf tbdk;BuD;a,mifaqmif
vlYjynfodkYqif;vmum ulnDapmifrwwfyHkwdkYudk rMumcP awGUjrifbl;onf jzpf&m ,ckvnf; uREkfyf'kuESifh BuHKawGUaepOf
xdktbdk;BuD;onf vma&muf ulnDayonf/ bdkifpukwfjyHkrQru BuD;us,fcrf;em;aom [dkw,fBuD;rS vGefpGm t&om&Sdaom
pm;aomufzG,f&mwdkYudk auR;arG;aeonfjzpfojzifh vlBuD;um; odMum;rif;rsm;jzpfaernfvm;[kyif xifrSwfrSm;rdayawmh\/
pm;aomufNyD;pD;onfh tcgvnf; armfawmfum;a&muf rvmao;ojzifh
a&mufwwf&m&mrsm;udk ajymqdkvsuf&SdMuav\/ xdkodkY ajymqdkaeonfh tcg vlBuD;u . . .

vlBuD;ESifh

uREkfyfonf

]]armifat;aqmif&JU . . . rif;taz armifrlu rif;wdkYom;trdudk b,ftvkyfawGrsm; vkyfudkif auR;arG;ovJuG?


igawmh igholi,fcsif;taMumif;odw,fuG? 'Daumifu aq;vJukwwfw,f? ta&mif;t0,fav;bmav;vJ em;vnfw,fuG}}
[k ar;ojzifh uREkfyfvnf; zcifBuD;vkyfcJhorQudk tvHk;pHk ajymjyvQif vlBuD;onf [uf[ufyufyuf &,farm . . .
]]rif;tazu 0dZm"dk&fBuD; jzpfaewmudk;uG? a&TjzpfaiGjzpfenf;uav;rsm;aum rif;udk ray;cJhbl;vm;}} [k
ar;av\/
uREkfyfu ray;cJhaMumif;? xdkYaMumifh uREkfyfwdkYom;trd 'kua&mufae&aMumif;rsm;udk ajymjy&av\/
[dkw,f tawmftwef tcsdefjzKef;NyD;onfh tcg armfawmfum;a&mufvmojzifh armfawmfum;ay:odkYa&mufvQif
vlBuD;u 'dkifbmtm; . . .
]]ighwlu &efukefNrdKUudk rESHao;bl;uG? wpfywfavmufvSnfhNyD; jyvdkufprf;ygOD;}} [k vlBuD;u ajymvdkufvQif
'dkifbmonf jznf;nif;pGmarmif;vQuf &efukefNrdKUwpfNrdKUvHk;udk vSnfhywfarmif;ESifav\/
odkYvSnfhvnfvdkuf&m vHk;0ae0ifoGm;onfh tcsdefodkY a&muf&Sdojzifh vrf;rD;rsm;yif xGef;vif;vsuf&SdayNyD/
xdktcgusrSyif vlBuD;u tdrfodkYjyefrnf[k ajymojzifh 'dkifbmonf a&Twd*Hkbk&m;vrf;rSwpfqifh jynfvrf;odkY a&mufatmif
armif;ESifav\/
jynfvrf;ay:odkY
a&mufonfhtcg
ukefwifavmf&Dum;BuD;wpfpD;onf
uREkfyfwdkY
um;ESifh
rsufESmcsif;qdkifarmif;ESifvm&mrS vlwpfa,muf qif;vm uREkfyfwdkYum;udkvufjy &yfcdkif;av\/
]]q&mBuD; . . . *dka'gifoGif;zdkYypnf;awGygvmw,f? NyD;awmh oabFmqdyfudkvnf; uRefawmfoGm;&r,f?
aemufus&if &p&m&SdwJhaiGawG aemufvrS &awmhr,f}} [k avmf&Dum;ay:rS qif;vmolu vlBuD;tm; ajymvQif vlBuD;onf
wpfpHkwpfckudk tav;teufpOf;pm;NyD;aemuf . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]at;av . . .'Dvdkqdk&if 'Dum;udk rif;,loGm;? avmf&DeJYyJ igwdkYjyefawmhr,f}} [k qdkum uREkfyfudk um;ay:rS


qif;cdkif; avmf&Dum;BuD;qDodkY ac:oGm;NyD;vQif ]]armifat;aqmifa&? aemufuwufuGm}} [k qdkojzifh uREkfyfvnf;
avmf&Dum;BuD;tm;
aemufrSae
wG,fwufum
0if&av\/
if;um;BuD;rSm
ausmufrD;aoG;rsm;
wifaomum;BuD;jzpf[efwl\/
um;twGif;odkY
0ifvdkufonfhtcg
uREkfyft&yfxufjrifhatmif
um&Hxm;aom
ysOfcsyfBuD;rsm;aMumifh ab;bDudk vHk;0jrif&jcif;r&Sdawmhyg/ Murf;jyifvnf; ausmufrD;aoG;prsm;udk prf;oyfrdav\/
uRekfyfwdkYum;ay:a&mufonfhtcg um;onf t&Sdefjyif;pGm pwifxGufcGmavawmh\/ wpfem&DcefY armif;ESifNyD;aomtcg
csKdifhrsm;usif;rsm; vGefpGmxlxyfaom vrf;wpfvrf;odkY a&muf&SdNyD;vQif NcHBuD;wpfNcHtwGif;odkY 0ifa&mufoGm;aMumif;
uREkfyfowdjyKrdygonf/
NcHwGif;odkYa&mufonfh tcgvnf; uREkfyftm; um;ay:rS qif;cdkif;ojzifh uREkfyfvnf; wG,fuyfum;ay:rS
qif;&av\/ xdkodkY um;ay:rSqif;vdkufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
tdrfrnf;rnf;BuD;wpfvHk;qDodkY ac:aqmifoGm;av\/
uREkfyfowdjyKrdao;aom tcsufwpfckrSm xdkNcH0if;BuD;\ taemufbufwGif acsmif;BuD;wpfck&SdaMumif;yifjzpf\/
rnf;arSmifaeojzifh acsmif;udk rjrif&aomfvnf; a&oHrsm;udk Mum;ae&ayonf/
uREkfyftm; tdrfrnf;rnf;BuD;\ atmufxyf&Sd {nfhcef;[k ,lq&aomae&modkY ac:oGm;NyD;vQif ukvm;xdkif
xdkifcdkif; aumfzDESifh rkefYrsm;tjyif vufzufokwf? csif;okwf? a&aEG;Murf;? aq;vdyf ponfrsm;ESifhyg {nfhcHav\/
uREkfyfowdjyKrdaom tjcm;tcsufwpfckrSm vlBuD;\tdrf cdkif;ap&ef vltajrmuftrsm;udk awGUjrif&aomfvnf; xdktxJ
rdef;r wpfa,mufwpfavrQ rjrifawGU&jcif;yif jzpfayonf/
]]armifat;aqmifawmh aemufu pD;vm&wm um;aqmifhwmeJY oufomrSm r[kwfbl;uG? a&SUrSmuvJ
'dkifbmuvJ00? iguvJ 00qdkawmh xkdifvdkY r&bl;a[h? uJ . . .uJ . . . NyD;rS at;at;aq;aq; tem;,lwmayghuGm?
aumfzDeJY udwfrkefYuav; pm;vdkufygOD;}} [k vlBuD;u azmfa&TpGmESifh ajymav\/
uREkfyfvnf; aumfzDESifhrkefYudk pm;aomufav\/ NyD;vQif aq;vdyfwpfvdyfudk aumuf,l rD;Sdav\/
]]armifat;aqmif tazqHk;awmh t*d&wform;awG? odkufq&mawG? aq;q&mawGu [dkypnf;,l 'Dypnf;,leJY
wufwufudk ajymifawmhwmyJ qdkygvm;uG}}
]][kwfygw,fOD;}}
]]at; . . .igvJ tJ'DvlawGeJY tukefawGUNyD;NyD? tJ'DtxJrSm rif;tazaqmifwJh "m;ajrmifwpfvufaysmufaew,f?
b,folYqDrSmrS ygroGm;bl;? tdk;u qifpG,feJY vkyfxm;w,f? tJ'D qifpG,fay:rSm tif;uGufawGcsxm;w,fav}}
]][kwfygw,fOD;}}
]]tJ'D "m;ajrmifudk awGUzl;ygw,f? uRefawmfhtaz c&D;xGuf&if ,loGm;avh&dSygw,f}}
]]at; . . . [kwfw,f? igvJ tckvdk rif;eJY awGUzdkY 0D&d,xkwf&wmu tJ'D "m;ajrmif vdkcsifvdkYyJuG?
armifat;aqmifu tJ'D "m;ajrmifay;&if ighbufuvnf; xdkufxdkufwefwef jyefNyD;ay;zdkY pDpOfxm;ygw,f?
xdkufxdkufwefwefay;zdkYqdkwm a&T'*Fg; tjym; udk;axmifawmifay;rSmaemf? pdwful;rvGJygeJYuGm? ighudk tJ'D
"m;ajrmifuav;ay;prf;yg}}
uREkfyfonf zcifxHrS xdk"m;ajrmifuav;udk aocsmpGm jrifzl; awGUzl;ygonf/ odkY&mwGif ,cktcg
xdk"m;ajrmifonf uREkfyfxHvnf; r&Sd? rnfolxHodkY a&muf&SdoGm;onfudkvnf; rodojzifh xdkvlBuD;qDrS &&Sdrnfh
a&T'*Fg;udk;axmiftwGufyif ESajrmrdao;awmh\/
]]'DvdkvkyfygOD;? tJ'D "m;ajrmifuav;udk uRefawmfaumif;aumif;rSwfrdygw,f? 'gayr,fh uRefawmfhqDrSmvnf;
r&Sdbl;? uRefawmhtaz&JU rdwfaqGwpfOD;OD;vufrSm a&mufaerSyg? 'Dawmh uRefawmfhudk vrf;p&dwfay;vdkufyg? uRefawmfjyefNyD;
pHkprf;&SmazGNyD;&wmeJY wpfNydKifeuf OD;qDudk vmcJhr,f}} [k uREkfyfu tm;wufoa&m ajymvdkuf&m vlBuD;onf
[uf[ufyufyuf &,farm . . .
]]OD;rl&JUom;u tvmBuD;ygvm;uG? rif;taz armifrlqDu &vdkufwJh PfeDPfeufawGaygh [kwfvm;? rif;udk
tJ'D"m;uav; r&rcsif; jyefNyD; rvTwfEdkifbl; at;aqmif}} [k tusyfudkifavawmh\/
]]OD;awmif;wJh ypnf;u uRefawmhqDrSmrS r&SdwmyJ cifAsm}}
]]r&Sdbl; [kwfvm;? &Sdatmifvkyf&rSmayghuGm? a[haumifawG MuifaqGwdkY? 0if;armifwdkY? udkav;wdkY 'Daumifhudk
ar;Muprf;}} [k vlBuD;u atmfvdkuf&m vlBuD;\ wynfhausmfwdkYonf b,fub,fvdk a&mufvmMuonfrod?

rif;odcF

tvQdKvQKda&muf&SdvmMuNyD;vQif
ESdyfpufSif;yef;Muavawmh\/

uREkfyftm;

BudK;jzifh

wkyfum

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

dkufoludkuf?

uefoluuef?

xdk;oluxdk;jzifh

tawmftwef dkufESufNyD;pD;aomtcg dkufESufolrsm;teufrS acgif;aqmifvkyfolu . . .


]]a[haumif . . ."m;ajrmif b,frSmxm;ovJ}} [k ar;\/ uREkfyfu rodaMumif; ajzqdkvQif dkufMujyef\/
uREkfyfonf emusifvGef;ojzifh arhajrmoGm;av\/ owd&vmonfhtcg "m;ajrmifudk ar;jyef\/ rodaMumif;ajymvQif
dkufMujyef\/ odkvQif dkufvdkuf arhajrmoGm;vdkufESifh tdkufcHae&onfrSm ESpf&ufyif&SdcJhNyDjzpfonf/
uREkfyftm; vlBuD;u vma&mufawGUNyD;vQif ]]"m;ajrmifb,frSm xm;ovJ}} [k ar;\/ uREkfyfu rodaMumif;
ajzqdkvQif uRekfyftm; ol\aq;jyif;vdyfrD;jzifh xdk;avawmh\/
uREkfyfonf xdkvlBuD;tm; tpu odMum;rif;[k xifrSwfrdaomfvnf; ,cktcg i&Jrif;BuD; jzpf
aeaMumif;od&avawmh\/ xdkaeY waeYvHk; dkufESufjcif; rjyKbJ tem;ay;xm;NyD;vQif nbufodkY a&mufonfhtcg
ar;vdkufdkufvdkufESifh w&pyfdkufESufMuojzifh uREkfyfonf vHk;0 owdvpf oGm;avawmh\/
uREkfyfonf owd&onfhtcg *gwfwJwpfcktwGif;&Sd tcsKyfcef;twGif;odkY a&muf&SdaeaMumif; od&avawmh\/
owd&NyD;rsm;rMumrDyif ppfykvdyfrsm; a&mufSdvmMuNyD;vQif uREkfyf\ rsufESmtm; t0wfpnf; armfawmfum;jzifh
ac:aqmifjcif;udk cH&jyefav\/
rnfonfhae&m[k rajymEdkifaomfvnf; ukvm;ppfwyfwpfck[k uREkfyf owdjyKrdaomae&modkYa&muf&SdvQif
ppfAdkvfBuD;rsm;[k ,lq&aom vlav;ig;OD;\ a&SUarSmuf atmufygtwdkif; ppfaq;ar;jref;jcif;udkcH&\/
uREkfyftm; ppfar;aom ppfAdkvfu t*Fvdyfbmompum;jzifh ppfar; pum;jyefwpfOD;u bmomjyef ay;av\/
xdkpum;jyef\ trnfrSm armifboef;[k od&av\/
]]'Dpmudk rif;b,fu ,lcJhwmvJ}} [k uREkfyfa&SU&Sdpm;yGJ pmwpfapmifwifjyvQuf uREkfyftm; ar;av\/ uREkfyfonf
xdkpmudk rodaMumif; jiif;qdkvdkufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf vGefpGmoefrmaom ukvm;ppfom;BuD; ESpfa,mufonf uREkfyf\
vufarmif;wpfzufwpfcsuftm; zspfnpfqkyfudkifvdkufMuav\/
]]'Dpm[m *smreDjynfuae ydkYwJh vQdKU0Suf pmwpfapmifjzpfw,f r[kwfvm;}} [k ar;;jyef\/
]]rodbl;}} [k uREkfyfu jiif;qdk\/
]]rif;[m uefawmfBuD;em;rSm t&ufrl;NyD; vJaew,f? rif;&JU tdwfxJu 'Dpmudk awGUw,f? bmjzpfvdkU
jiif;aewmvJ}}
xdktcg uREkfyfonf zcifaoNyD; &efukefodkY tvkyf&Sm&ef xGufcJhyHk? vlBuD;ESifhawGUyHk? tdkuftESufcH&yHkwdkUudk
ajymqdk&Sif;jyav\/ odkY&Sif;jyvQif ppfAdkvfig;OD;teuf wpfOD;u . . .
]]rif;ajymwJh vlBuD;qdkwJhvl&JU emrnfeJY tvkyftudkifudk ajymEdkifovm;? rif;udkESdyfpufSif;yef;wJh tdrfae&mudkaum
ajymEdkifovm;}} [k ar;jyef&m uRekfyfu rajymEdkifaMumif;? xdkvlBuD;\ trnfudkvnf; rodaMumif;? uREkfyftm;ac:,loGm;aom
ae&mudkvnf; rodaMumif; ajymjyvQif if;ppfAdkvfu . . .
]]rif;[m odyfNyD;acgif;rmw,f? pydkifyDow,f? rm,mrsm;w,f}} [k qdkum vufarmif;ESpfzuf Spfxm;aom
ukvm;ppfom;rsm;tm; dkufESuf&ef trdefYay;vdkufavawmh\/
uREkfyftm; oHk;&ufwdkifwdkif uREkfyfudk,fwdkifrodaom pmuav;wpfapmiftm; uREkfyf\ tdwfwGif;rS &onfqdkum
pmudk rnfodkYrnfyHk ,lvmonfudk ar;jref; dkufESufMuavawmh\/
uREkfyfonf oHk;&ufwdkifwdkif ukvm;ppfwyf dkufESufcH&NyD;aemuf
tapmifhtusyfrsm; vHkNcHKpGmjzifh tif;pdefaxmifodkY ydkYtyfvdkufavawmh\/

uREkfyftm;

ppfum;jzifhyif

wif

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

uREkfyfESifh xl;qef;aom t*Fg


tif;pdefaxmifbl;0odkY a&mufonfhtcg ppfAdkvfwpfOD;ESifh pum;jyef armifboef;onf axmifydkifESifh awGUqHk
uREkfyftm; tyfESHNyD;vQif jyefoGm;Muav\/ axmifydkifonf uREkfyftm; axmifrSL;wpfa,muf\vufodkY tyfvdkuf\/
if;axmifrSL;\ trnfrSm aomif;a&T[k od&ygonf/
if; axmifrSL;oef;a&Tonf armifrSdef[k ac:aom axmif0g'gac: axmifapmifhwpfOD;\ vufodkY tyfvdkufjyef\/
if;0g'garmifrSdefonf uREkfyf\trnf? uREkfyfzciftrnf? ae&yfvdyfpmwdkYudk pmtkyfwpftkyf a&;oGif;um &SpfrSwf[k ac:aom
axmifusESpfBuD;orm; wpfOD;\ vufodkY tyfvdkufjyef\/ if;&SpfrSwfonf uREkfyftm; . . .
]]a[haumif . . . rif;emrnf b,folvJ}} [k ar;&m uREkfyfu ]]at;aqmif}} [k jyefajzojzifh ]]acG;rom; . . .
odyfrdkufdkif;wJhtaumif}} [k qdkum &dkufESufavawmh\/ &SpfrSwfdkufESufonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf &SpfrSwf\wynfh
axmifusrsm;uyg dkufESufMujyef\/
]]uRefawmfhemrnf armifat;aqmifyg cifAsmvdkY jyefajzprf;}} [k &SpfrSwfu trdefYay;ojzifh uREkfyfvnf; if;wdkY
tvdkus tajzay;&\/ bl;0 tdkufcH&NyD;aemuf ]]rdef;a*s;}} [k ac:aom axmifrBuD;odkYa&mufjyef\/
axmifrBuD;odkYa&mufvQif &SpfrSwfu 0g'gausmfOD;qdkol\ vufodkY uREkfyftm; tyfcJhjyef\/
rdef;a*s;qdkonfrSm axmifwpfckvHk; pm;aomuf&ef csufjyKwfonfh xrif;csufzdkBuD; ywfywfvnf
Hk;cef;uav;rsm; jyKvkyfxm;onfhae&myifjzpf\/ rdef;a*s;odkY a&mufvQif 0g'gu &SpfrSwfwpfOD;\ vufodkY tyfvdkufjyef\/
if;&SpfrSwfu wpfzef ar;jyefav\/
]]a[haumif . . .'Dae&mudk bmac:ovJ}}
]]axmifvdkY ac:ygw,fcifAsm}}
]]acG;rom; . . . axmifrSef;awmh odwmayghuG}} [k qdkum uefausmufdkufESufjyef\/ &SpfrSwfu dkufvQif if;\
wynfhrsm;uyg dkufMujyef\/
]]raorcsif;rSwfxm;? rdef;a*s;vdkYac:w,f}} [k ajym dkufESufNyD;vQif yHkpHcef;odkY ydkYjyef\/ yHkpHcef;
q,fhESpfrSwfac: bm&mwpfOD;onf OD;acgif;xuf t0wfjzLjzifhcsKyfxm;aom OD;xkyfwpfvHk;udk aqmif;xm;NyD;vQif
vufvnf; ikwfusnfayGUuJhodkY wkwfwpfacsmif;udk udkifxm;av\/
if;bm&mu uREkfyftm; aphaphMunfhNyD;vQif . . .
]]a[haumif . . .yHkpH}} [k atmf[pfav\/ uREkfyfvnf; aMumufvGef;ojzifh 'l;rsm; wqwfqwfwkefum
rnfodkYrnfyHk jyKvkyf&rnfudk rodbJ&Sdaeonfh tcsdefyif bm&m\ wynfhrsm;onf uREkfyftm; apmifjzifhtkyfum
oHyef;uefjym;apmif;jzifh wcGyfcGyfjzifhckwfMuavawmh\/ uREkfyfonf emusifvGef;ojzifh atmf[pfaomfvnf; avQmhray;bJ
auseyfavmufonftxd ckwfxpfMuNyD;aemuf apmifudkzGifhvdkufum wpfa,mufaom axmifusu . . .
]]yHkpHqdk&if 'Dvdkxdkif&w,fuG}} [k qdkum wifysOfacG xdkifjyav\/ uREkfyfonf wifysOfacG xdkifyg[k ajymvQif
NyD;onfhudptm; uJhodkY &ufpufpGm dkufESufjcif;twGuf vlwdkY\ tMuifemw&m; acgif;yg;yHkudk oabmayguf&avawmh\/
uREkfyftm; yHkpHcef;rSwpfzef ]]ypnf;xkwf}} odkYydkYjyef\/ xdkae&m uREkfyf\ tust0wftpm;rsm;udk dkufESuf
aqmifhqGJcRwf,lNyD;vQif ydwfjzLvHkcsnfESifh ydwfjzLtusudk 0wfqifapav\/ uREkfyfonf axmifust0wftpm;jzpfaom

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

ydwfjzLvHkcsnfESifh
ydwfjzLtusudk
0wfqifvdkuf&onfhtcg
uJhodkY
jzLpifaom
t0wftpm;rsm;um;
olawmfoljrwfrsm;ESifhom xdkufwefayonf/ ,ckrl tukodkvfBuD;rm;aom iguJhodkYaomolrsm; 0wfqifae&NyDwum;[k
0rf;enf;rdao;awmh\/
ypnf;xkwfrSwpfzef ]]a&csKd;bkwf}} ac: a&csKd;&onfh uGefu&pf a&uef&SnfBuD;qDodkY ac:oGm;NyD;vQif
bkwfudkif[kac:onfh bkwfvlBuD;vufodkY tyfESHjyef\/ if;bkwfudkifrSmvnf; axmifusyifjzpfygonf/ uREkfyfuJhodkY
axmifusrsm;onf if;uGefu&pfa&uefBuD;\ wpfzufwpfcsuf cGufrsm;udkudkifum wef;pDae&av\/ bkwfudkifu
a&uefxdyfrSae ]]cyf. . .wpfcGuf}} [k atmfvdkuf&m uREkfyfvnf; a&cGufjzifhcyf csKd;avawmh\/ xdktcg bkwfudkifonf
uREkfyfxHodkY ajy;vmNyD;vQif om;a&ywfjzifh wjzef;jzef;dkufESufum ]]rat . . .rif;udk cyfHkwifcyfcdkif;wm? b,folu
csKd;cdkif;vdkY csKd;&wmvJ}} [k qJqdkdkufESufav\/
xdkYaemuf uREkfyfonf tjcm;aom axmifusrsm; jyKvkyfonfudk Munfh vkyfudkif&avawmh\/ bkwfukdifu ]]cyf .
. .wpfcGuf}} [k atmfonfhtcg uREkfyfwdkYonf cyfHkrQcyfxm;&\/ rcsKd;&ao;? bkwfudkifu ]csKd;} [k atmfrS csKd;&av\/
rcyf&acs/
bkwfudkifonf cyf csKd; . . .cyf csKd; . . .cyf csKd; [k wdkifay;\/ uREkfyftygt0if axmifusrsm;vnf; ,drf;wdkuf
xm;onfhtvm; cyfcsKd;&avawmh\/
a&csKd;NyD;onfhtcg uREkfyftm;BudK;wdkufodkY ydkYvdkufavawmh\/
BudK;wdkufqdkonfrSm &Spfayywfvnfom us,f0ef;onfh BudK;ay;cH&rnfholrsm;tm; xm;aom wdkufjzpfayonf/
wpfcgwpf&H xdkBudK;wdkuf BudK;ay;&ef r[kwfaomfvnf; ta&;BuD;aom axmifusrsm;? Oyrm EdkifiHa&;jypfrI usK;vGef
a&muf&Sdvmolrsm;udkvnf; xm;wwfayonf/ xdkwdkufonf oHwdkifwHcg;wpfcsyfpD wyfqifxm;av\/ usefaomoHk;zuf
tkwfeH&Hrsm;om jzpfayonf/
uREkfyftm; vGefpGmykuGuGEdkifaom axmifrSL;wpfOD;u BudK;wdkufodkYac:,loGm;av\/ BudK;wdkufwpfck\ a&SU
&SpfrSwfrsm;? q,fhESpfrSwfrsm;ESifh axmifusrsm;onf pkHk; pkHk;jzpfaeMuonfudk awGU&av\/
uREkfyfudk ac:oGm;onfh axmifrSL;onf pkHk;pkHk;teD; acw&yf xdkolwdkYtm; Munfhav\/
a&SUwGif pkHk;pkHk;jzpfaeaom
aq;vdyfzGmaeonfudkvnf; awGU&av\/

BudK;wdkuftwGif;um;

vlwpfa,mufonf

ausmay;vsufoHwdkifudkrSDum

tjyif&Sd vltkyfpktwGif;rS &SpfrSwfwpfa,mufu wdkuftwGif; ausmay; aq;vdyfaomufaeolbufodkY vSnfhum .


..
]]NyD;NyDa[h . . . nmzufu qifudk a&SUwnfhwnfha&TUw,fa[h}} [k ajymvdkuf&m twGif;rS aq;vdyfaomufaeolu
...
]]rif;BuD;udk &xm;em;u jrif;eJYacGw,f}} [k jyefajymvdkuf&m tjyifrSvlrsm;onf [mueJ jzpfukefMuvsuf
tBuH&usyfukefjyef\/
wpfzef tjcm;aom wpfae&mrS 0g'gwpfa,mufuvnf; ]]ppfuJ aemufwpfuGufqkwfw,f}} [k ajymvdkufjyef&m
wdkuftwGif;rS aq;vdyform;u ]]nmbufu &xm;eJY rif;BuD;a&SUuqifudk aygufNyD;acGw,f}} [k qdkvdkufjyef&m
xdkvlwdkYvnf; [mceJ [ifceJ jzpfMujyef\/
xdkYaemuf tjcm;wpfa,mufu ]]jrif;eJYqifudkpm;w,f}} [k ajym&m wdkufwGif;rSvlu . . .
]]pm;aygh? pm;atmif auR;xm;wmyJ? pm;NyD;&if rif;BuD;udk qifeJY xdk;NyD;acGw,f}} [k ajzvdkufav\/ tjyifrS
vlpkonf uRufnH uRufnHjzpfMuvQuf aq;vdyfrsm;xkwfum wdkufwGif;rSvl\ vufwGif;odkY xnfhNyD;vQif
xGufoGm;Muav\/ wdkufwGif;rSvluvnf; xdkvlwdkYay;aom aq;vdyfudk vufjzefY,l\/ odkY&mwGif xdkvlwdkYtm; vSnfh
Munfhazmfr&ay/
wdkuftjyifrS vlpk &Sif;oGm;onfhtcg ajrjyifay:odkY Munfhvdkuf&m wdkufa&SU
jrefrmppfwk&if(ppfbk&if) cGufyHkpHoHk;ckudk awGU&av\/ ppfwk&ifkyfrsm;udkawmh ,loGm;MuavNyD/

t*Faw

tay:

tjyifrS 0g'grsm;? axmifusrsm;ESifh &SpfrSwf q,fhESpfrSwfrsm;onf wdkufwGif;rSvlESifh aq;vdyfaMu;


jrefrmppfwk&ifxdk;aeMujcif;jzpf\/ tjyifrSvlrsm;u oHk;pkcGJvsuf ppfwk&ifoHk;0dkif;jyKvkyfum xdk;\/ wdkufwGif;rSvlu

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

ppfwk&ifoHk;0dkif;udk wpfNydKifeufwnf; rMunfhbJESifh pdwfESifhrSwfum xdk;jcif;jzpfayonf/ tjyifrSvlrsm;HI;


yGJodrf;oGm;Mu&avonf/ axmifrSL;onf xdkppfwk&ifcsefyD,H\ wdkufwHcg;udkzGifhvQuf uREkfyftm; 0ifapNyD;vQif aomhcwfum
jyefxGufoGm;avawmh\/ uREkfyfonf xdktcgusrSyif BudK;wdkufwGif;rS ppfwk&ifcsefyD,H\ rsufESmudk jrifawGU&avawmh\/
olYrsufESmrSm
acsmonfvnf;r[kwf?
cefYonfvnf;r[kwf?
xufjrufaomol\
pdwf"mwfudk
azmfjyHkrQazmfjyxm;ayonf/ tom;a&mifrSm ndKovdkvdk&Sd\/ ol\ rsufvHk;rsm;rSmrl txl;yif Munfvifawmufyav\/
olonf uREkfyftm; aq;ayghvdyfwpfvdyfurf; ay;vdkufNyD;vQif rD;wdkY&eftwGuf ol\ aomufvufp aq;vdyfudk
vSrf;ay;vdkufav\/ uREkfyfonf aq;vdyfudk rD;SdNyD;aemuf dIufzGmNyD;vQif rD;cdk;rsm;udk rIwfxkwfypfum xdkoltm;
tuJcwfaerdav\/
uREkfyf\pdwf awGUorQaom olwdkYonf uREkfyftm; dkufESufMurnfholcsnf;
aMumuf&GHUvsuf&SdaMumif;vnf; xdkolonf aumif;pGm&dyfrdav\/ xdkaMumifh uREkfyftm; xdkolu . . .

rSwfxif

aeojzifh

]]udk,fhvl . . . odyfNyD;aMumufaew,f xifw,f}} [k ar;vdkuf&m uREkfyfu rqdkif;rwGyif ]][kwfuJh . . .


aMumufw,fcifAs}} [k ajzrdav\/
xdkolonf NyHK;HkrQ NyHK;vdkufNyD;aemuf . . .
]]cifAsm; awmfawmf tdkufcHcJh&w,f rSwfw,f}} [k ajymvdkuf&m uREkfyfuvnf; jymjymovJyif tdkufcH&aMumif;
ajymqdkvdkuf&jyef\/
]]raMumufygeJYAsm . . . 'Dvdkaygh? jzpfvmrS aMumufaewm[m bmxl;rSmvJ? r[kwfbl;vm;? aow,fqdkwm
usKyfwdkYawGUBuHK&r,fh tBuD;qHk; 'kur[kwfvm;? tJ'DtBuD;qHk;'kuqdkwm[mvJ wu,fu tdyfwmeJY bmrS rxl;ygbl;As?
pdwfrnpfprf;ygeJY? bmudkrS *krpdkufprf;ygeJY}} [k uREkfyfudk tm;ay;&Smav\/
uREkfyftm; ESdyfpufrnfh olrsm;udkom awGUvmcJh&m ,ckuJhodkY tm;ay;jcif;cH&aomtcg xdkoltm; vGefpGm
aus;Zl;wifrdav\/
]]aus;Zl;wifvkdufwmAsm? usKyf[m tdkuftESufcH&zefrsm;aeawmh awGUwJhvlwdkif;[m usKyfudk dkufvdrfhr,fcsnf;
atmufarhaewm? aeprf;ygOD; . . . cifAsm;u bmrIvJ}}
]]vlowfrIyg}}
]]cifAsm;u owfcJhvdkYvm;}}
]]vufzsm;eJYawmif rwdkY&ygbl;Asm}}
]]tvkyftudkifu bmrsm;vkyfygovJ}}
]]EGm;ausmifom;yg? "EkjzLem;u &Gmuav;wpf&Gmuyg}}
]]emrnfu b,fvdkac:ygovJ}}
]]usKyfemrnf t*Fgyg}}
]]emrnfuvJ tqef;ygyJvm;}}
]]t*FgaeYrSm arG;vdkYqdkyJAs? [J . . .[J}}
]]udkt*Fga& . . . tckvdk cifAsm;eJY rdwfaqGjzpf&wm 0rf;omygw,fAsm? usKyftaeeJY tm;vJwufrdw,f}}
]]cifAsm;eJY usKyfeJY rdwfaqG rjzpfao;ygbl;}}
]]rjzpfao;vJ usKyfudk rdwfaqGwpfa,muftjzpf todtrSwfjyKyg udkt*Fg? usKyfemrnf at;aqmifvdkY ac:ygw,f?
Aifeifulvm q,fwef;atmifNyD; tvkyf&SmzdkY &efukefxGufvmwm 'kueJY wdk;awmhwmygyJAsm}} [k uRekfyfu ajymvdkuf&m
BudK;wdkufrS ppfwk&ifcsefyD,H EGm;ausmif;om; udkt*Fgqdkolonf uRekfyftm; aocsmpGmMunfhvsuf atmufygtwdkif; ajymav\/
]]'DrSm . . . udkat;aqmif? rdwfaqGqdkwmu 'Dvdk&Sdw,fAs?
(wpf) oEd|rdwfaqGwJh . . . 'gu awGUzl;jrifzl;HkrdwfaqG/
(ESpf) orwrdwfaqGwJh . . .tvSLtdrfrSm xrif;wpf0dkif;wnf; twlwlpm;zl;wJh rdwfaqGrsKd;/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

(oHk;) orodudwrdwfaqGwJh . . . upm;zuf? EGm;ausmif;zuf? ausmif;aezufrdwfaqGrsKd;/


(av;) 0Howrm*wrdwfaqGwJh . . . rdbcsif; rdwfaqGjzpfvdkY om;orD;csif;yg rdwfaqGjzpfMuwmrsKd;/
(ig;) Asmoem&udwrdwfaqGwJh . . .OpmysufwJhtcgrSm? 'kua&mufwJhtcgrSm ulnDumuG,fay;wJh rdwfaqGrsKd;&,fvdkY
&Sdw,fAs/
cifAsm; usKyfeJY rdwfaqGjzpfcsifw,fqdkwmu b,fvdktrsKd;tpm; rdwfaqGjzpfcsifwmvJ}}
uREkfyfonf oli,fcsif;rdwfaqG[k ac:a0:oHk;EIef;ajymqdkcJhzl;aomfvnf; udkt*FgajymouJhodkY trsKd;tpm;
uGJjym;onfudk rodcJhaMumif; 0efcH&ayrnf/ udkt*Fgqdkaom EGm;ausmif;om;um; EGm;ausmif;om[kom qdk&onf/
acolr[kwfyguvm;[kvnf; av;pm;oGm;rdonfh tavQmuf . . .
]]usKyfuawmhAsm . . . udkt*FgajymwJh rdwfaqGig;rsKd;xJrSm Asmoem&udw rdwfaqGvdkYac:wJh wpfOD;rSm
ab;'kuawGUwJhtcgrSm ulnDwJh rdwfaqGrsKd; jzpfcsifygw,fAsm}} [k ajymvdkufrd\/
]]'Dvdk&Sdw,f udkat;aqmif? t*kFw&ygVdawmfeJY O'gef;t|uwmrSm rdwfaqGaumif;qdkwm a[m'Dtcsuf(7)csufudk
vdkufemEdkif&r,fvdkY qdkxm;w,f}}
]]b,fvdkvJAs . . .qdkprf;ygOD;}}
(wpf) 'k'wH''gwd

. . .ay;EdkifcufcJaom 0wKypnf;udk ay;&m\/

(ESpf) 'kw&Hua&mwd

. . .aqmif&Gufay;EdkifzdkY cufcJaom udpudk aqmif&Gufay;Edkif&m\/

(oHk;) 'kurHcrwd

. . .wpfOD;eJYwpfOD; oHo,r&SdbJ tvGeftrif; onf;cHEdkif&m\/

(av;) *k,Sry&d*k,Swd

. . .vQdKU0Sufxdkufaom trIudk ray:atmif vQKdU0Suf&m\/

(ig;) *k,SrtmyDua&mwd . . .vQdKU0SufzdkY vdkaomtrIudk vQdKU0SufzdkY ajymay;&m\/


(ajcmuf)tmy'goke0dZ[wd
(ckESpf)

. . .ab;&efBuHKaom tcgrsKd; pGefYypf csefrxm;cJh&m/

pepdaPeemwdrnmwd. . . qif;&JrGJawaomtcgwGifvnf; rxDrJhjrif rjyK&m\ &,fvdkY . . .

rdwfaqGaumif; rdwfaqGjrwf&JU t*Fg(7)rsKd; &Sdw,fAs? tJ'gawGudk vdkufemEdkifyghrvm; udkat;aqmif}} [k


ar;vdkuf&m uREkfyfonf rnfodkYrnfyHk ajzqdk&rnf rodbJ jzpfoGm;av\/
udkt*Fgqdkolonf
EGm;ausmif;om;[komqdkonf/
ppfwk&ifudkvnf;
0dkif;oHk;0dkif;udk
rMunfhbJvsuf
wpfa,mufwnf;ESifh tEdkifxdk;Edkifonftxd twGuftcsuf aumif;vSayonf/ ,ckvnf; uREkfyfu rdwfaqGjzpfcsifygonf[k
qdkvdkufonfESifh rdwfaqGESifh ywfoufaom tcsuftvufwdkYudk t|uxm #DumwdkYrS kwfw&uf csufcsif;xkwfEkwf
ar;jref;ajymqdkEdkif\/ tm*EGm;ausmif;om;aywum;[k uREkfyfonf pOf;pm;vsuf&SdaepOf BudK;wdkuf\ tjyifbufrS [m;. .
.[m; . . .[m; [laom atmifjrifvSonfh &,foHBuD;wpfckudk Mum;&ojzifh uREkfyfu vSrf; Munfhvdkufrdav\/
t&yftarmif; axmifaxmifarmif;armif; &Sdonfh bm&mac:
uREkfyftm;Munfh &,farmaeaMumif;udk tHhMozG,f&m awGUjrif&av\/

ESpfBuD;orm;

tusOf;om;wpfOD;onf

]]a[haumif . . .at;aqmif? rif;u Aifeulvm q,fwef;atmifNyD;NyDqdkawmh t*Fvdyfpmwpfckoifvdkuf&if


,leDAmpDwDudk 0ifcGifh&EdkifNyDuG,fh? tJ'gu vG,fw,f? t*FgqdkwJh EGm;ausmif;om;&JU rdwfaqGtjzpf&&SdzdkYu
tJ'gavmufrvG,fbl;qdkwm awGUNyD r[kwfvm; [m; . . .[m; . . .[m; . . . rif;u bmrSwfvdkYvJ? t*FgqdkwJh taumifu
EGm;ausmif;om;rdkYvdkYa[h? aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;omqdk&if rdk;udk rD;eJY dIUr,fhvlpm;? [m; . . .[m; . . . 'Daumifu
EGm;ausmif;om; ynm&SduG? oleJY twlvmae&wm enf;wJhukodkvfr[kwfbl;aemf? [m; . . .[m; . . .[m; . . ./}}
]]'Dvlu ynmom&Sdwmr[kwfbl;? owduvnf; racbl;uG? ao&rSmudkawmh wpfa&;tdyf&wmavmuf
atmufarhwJhvlpm;? [m; . . .[m; . . .odyfawmfwJhaumif? axmifbl;0rSm &SpfrSwf&JU rsufESmudk ajcaxmufeJYuefcJhwJhvl?
acwJhvlr[kwfbl;? 'DvdkvlrsKd;eJY udk,fhvltwlae&w,fqdkwm *kPf,lprf;yg}}
]][kwfygw,fcifAsm? uRefawmfvnf; av;pm;ygw,f}} [k uREkfyfu ajzqdkvdkufvQif xdkbm&mu &,farm . . .
]][J . . .[J . . . udk,fhvl 'Hk;ra0;awmhbl;}} [k qdkum xGufoGm;av\/ xdkbm&mBuD;taMumif;udk ar;Munfh&m
atmufyg twdkif;ajymjyav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]olYemrnfu qdwfzGm;vdkYac:w,f? awmifilocsKif;ukef;u okb&mZmBuD;As?


vlwpfa,mufudk vlowfrIusK;vGefatmif olpDpOfay;vdkufwmaygh? vlawmfBuD;As}}

NrdKif&mZmwmawqdkwJh

(rSwfcsuf/
if;bm&mac: q,fhESpfrSwf tusOf;om;vlBuD;rSm okb&mZmqdwfzGm; jzpfygonf/ if;\ taMumif;udk
qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifh NrdKif&mZmwmaw 0wK a&;om;azmfjycJhNyD; jzpf\/ )
pma&;ol

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

uREkfyftwGuf pOf;pm;ay;Mujcif;
uREkfyfESifh udkt*FgwdkYonf BudK;wdkuftwGif; oHk;&ufcefYtwlwuG aexdkifcJhMu&mwGif tawmftwef
&if;ESD;vmojzifh wpfOD;taMumif;udk wpfOD;u od&SdcGifh &vmav\/ odkY wpfOD;taMumif;udk wpfOD; od&SdcGifh &oonf
qdk&m udkt*FgtaeESifh uREkfyftm; cifAsm; bmrIvJ? rdbrsKd;dk;u b,folb,f0gawGvJ ponfjzifh wpfvHk;wpfyg'rQ
ar;jref;pyfpkjcif; rjyKyg/ uREkfyfuom uREkfyftaMumif;udk wpfvHk;rusef ajymjy\/ NyD;vQif uREkfyfuyif ol\ taMumif;udk
pyfpk ar;jref;cJhjcif; jzpfayonf/
uREkfyfonf &if;ESD;vmaomtcg udkt*Fgtm; ar;jref;Munfh&m if;u atmufygtwdkif; ajzqdkav\/
]]udkt*Fg. . . cifAsm;[m EGm;ausmif;om;vdkYom qdk&w,f? pmayusrf;*efvJ acgufrdw,f? tawG;tac:uvJ
w,fNyD;aumif;wmudk;? b,fvdkrsm; ynmawG qnf;yl;cJhwmvJAsm}} [k ar;vdkuf\/
]]pmayusrf;*efrSmawmh wwfod em;vnfwJh &[ef;awmfawGqDrSm qnf;yl;ygw,f}}
]]tawG;tac: aumif;wmuaumAsm}}
]]tJ'guawmh EGm;awGqDrSm oif,lygw,f}}
]]b,fvdkAsm? EGm;qDrSm tawG;tac:ynmudk oif,lw,fqdkwm [kwfEdkifyghrvm;}} [k uREkfyfu ar;vdkuf&m . . .
]]acgif;at;at;xm;NyD; pOf;pm;prf;yg udkat;aqmif? {uedywf? ukk*FZmwfrSmvmwJh eEd0dvmoZmwf? uPSmZmwf?
rkeduZmwfawGrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;tavmif; EGm;rif; jzpfpOfu qHk;rcJhwJh *gxmawGudk zwfzl;w,f r[kwfvm;? usKyfuawmh
tJ'DZmwfawGvJ zwfcJhzl; oifcJhzl;wJhtjyif EGm;awGeJY arG;uwnf;u vufyGef;wwD; aevmawmh EGm;awGqDu ynmawG
trsm;BuD;&w,f? OyrmAsm EGm;[m tpmudk b,ftcsdefrSm auR;auR;pm;Edkifw,f? 'gayr,fh pm;wm[m
wu,fpm;wmr[kwfbl;? odkavSmifxm;wJhoabmbJ? wu,fpm;wmuawmh owfowfwpfcsdefusrS pm;NrHKUjyefNyD;
pm;w,fr[kwfvm;? usKyfvJ awGUorQ A[kokwudk rSwfom;avh&Sdw,f? 'gayr,fh vufrcHao;bl;? tJ'gawGudk wpfcsdefrSm
pm;NrHKUjyefMunfhao;w,fAs? acgif;at;at;xm;wJhoabmyJ . . ./
NyD;awmh EGm;awG[m tvGefyJ pum;enf;Muw,f? wdwfqdwfjcif;
vuPmwpfckyJr[kwfvm;? acgif;at;at;xm;NyD; pOf;pm;yg}} [k ajymav\/

pum;enf;jcif;[m

ynm&Sd&JU

]]udkt*Fg &Sif;jyawmhvJ [kwfovdkvdkyJ}} [k uREkfyfuajym&m . . .


]]NyD;awmh EGm;awG[m olwpfyg;tusKd;twGuf touf&SifaeMuw,f r[kwfvm;? olwpfyg;tusKd;udk
arG;wJhtcsdefuae aowJhtcsdeftxd aqmif&GufEdkifwJhvlawGudk usKyfwdkYu tmZmenfol&Jaumif;vdkY ac:Muw,f r[kwfvm;?
'Dawmh EGm;awG[m wu,fhtmZmenfawG ol&Jaumif;awGvdkY qdk&rSmayghAsm? r[kwfvm;? acgif;at;at;xm;prf;yg}} [k
udkt*Fgu ajymjyefav\/
]]tif; . . . [kwfoAsKdU}}
]NyD;awmh EGm;awG[m touf&Sifwkef;rSmom vlawGudk tusKd;jyKwm r[kwfbl;aemf? aowJhtcgrSmvJ
tusKd;jyKEdkifMuw,f? usKyfwdkYvJ EGm;awGvdk tusKd;jyKEdkifatmif BudK;pm;Mu&r,f? EGm;awG&JU tusKd;jyKyHkudk awmh pavOD;ykn&JU
EGm;wpfaumifvHk; toHk;csenf;udk zwfayawmh? NyD;awmh acgif;at;at;xm;}} [k udkt*Fguajym&m . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]cifAsm;uawmh EGm;awGtaMumif; vufawGUa&m pmawGUa&m w,fvJ ESHpyfygvm; udkt*Fg}} [k uREkfyfu


ajymav\/
]]usKyfu EGm;awGeJY &if;ESD;wmudk;As? EGm;taMumif;aumif;aumif;odwmaygh? EGm;&JU&ifbwfudk wdkif;MunfhvdkufwmeJY
'DEGm;ao&if b,fESpfydm xGufr,fqdkwmawmif twwfajymEdkifygw,f}} [k udkt*Fguajymjyefav\/
]]b,fvdkvJ udkt*Fg}} [k uREkfyfu ar;&m . . .
]]OyrmAsm . . .EGm;&JU a&SUvufESpfacsmif; aemufem;uaeuyfNyD; wdkif;MunfhvdkufvdkY vufeJY av;rdkuf&Sd&if
tJ'DEGm;[m 13 ydmeJY 95usyfom;xGufr,f? av;rdkufeJY vufig;vHk;qdk&if 19 ydmeJY 80usyfom;xGufr,fqdkwm
twwfajymEdkifw,f}}
uREkfyftzdkY
EGm;ausmif;om;
udkt*FgqdkolESifh
awGUqHk&jcif;?
twlae&jcif;onf
wpfenf;tm;jzifh
uHaumif;vSayonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkif rnfonfhjypfrIudkrQ rusL;vGef&bJvQuf BudK;wdkuftwGif;odkY a&muf&SdaeolwpfOD;tzdkY
rnfrQtxd pdwfrcsrf;romjzpf aernfudk txl;azmfjy&ef rvdkawmhyg/ odkY&mwGif EGm;ausmif;om;udkt*FguJhodkYaom
ynmA[kokwjynfhpHkjcif;? &JpGrf;owd&Sdjcif; paom t&nftcsif;aumif;rsm; &SdoleSifh twlwuG aexdkif&jcif;?
rdwfaqGjzpf&jcif;aMumifh uREkfyf\ ab;'kursm;udkyif tawmftwef arhaysmufapcJhav\/
wpfaeYo uREkfyfwdkY\ BudK;wdkufodkY qdwfzGm;[k ac:onfh bm&mBuD;vm vnfywfum uREkfyfwdkYu
BudK;wdkuftwGif;rSae udkqdwfzGm;u BudK;wdkuftjyifrS xdkifum pum;ajym&av\/ uREkfyfwdkYtMum; oHwdkifrsm;
wyfqifxm;onfh wHcg;wpfcsyfomvQif &Sd aumif;pGm pum;ajym &ayonf/ udkqdwfzGm;onf ajru&m;uav;
wpfvHk;tjynfh a&aEG;Murf;rsm;xnfh ,lvmum uREkfyfwdkYtm; a&aEG;Murf;jzifh {nfhcHav\/ udkt*Fguvnf;
ppfwk&ifupm;Edkifxm;aom aq;vdyfrsm;jzifhjyef {nfhcHav\/ udkqdwfzGm;onf udkt*Fgtm; cifrifHkoufouf r[kwfbJ
av;vnf;av;pm;yHk&ygonf/ xdkolESpfOD;tm; uREkfyfu uREkfyf\ twKywdudk wpfvHk;rusef ca&aphwGif;us ajymjyav\/
uREkfyfonf bkrodbrodESifh tdkufcHcJh&yHk? axmifodkYa&mufcJh&yHkrsm;udkyg tao;pdwf ajymjyNyD;aemuf . . .
]]q&mudkqdwfzGm;eJY udkt*FgwdkYudk tckusKyfajymjywJh tjzpftysuf[m trSeftwdkif;jzpfygw,f? vdrfvnfNyD;ajymwm
wpfckrS rygygbl;? usKyfudk aumif;aumif;rGefrGefac:oGm;NyD;rS usKyftaz&JU "m;ajrmifwpfvufudk r&wmeJY
dkufESufSif;yef;wJhvlBuD; b,folb,f0gjzpfw,f? NyD;awmh wpfcgusKyfudk owdarhatmifdkufNyD; vrf;rSm ypfxm;w,f?
tJ'gudk ykvdyfu wpfcgzrf;NyD; ppfwyfudk ydkYw,f? ppfwyfuvnf; usKyftdwfxJrSm olvQKdwpfOD;&JUpm ygw,fqdkNyD;
dkufjyefw,f? NyD;awmh tckvdk axmifxJudk ydkYvdkufw,f? tJ'gawGudk usKyfawmh t"dym,fem;rvnfEdkifatmifygyJ?
Wpfqdwfavmuf b,fvdkb,fyHk jzpfw,fqdkwmudk ajymjyMuprf;ygAsm}} [k uREkfyfu xdkolESpfOD;tm; tyluyf&av\/
xdktcg
udkqdwfzGm;ESifh
udkt*FgwdkYonf
wpfpHkwpf&m
ajymqdkjcif;rjyKbJ
aq;ayghvdyfrsm;udk
yg;apmifcJxm;Muvsuf av;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;MuNyD;aemuf if;wdkY,lqaom tajzudk azmfxkwfMuav\/ if;tajzudk
azmfxkwf&m udkqdwfzGm;wpfOD;wnf; azmfxkwfjcif;r[kwfouJhodkY udkt*FgwpfOD;wnf; azmfxkwfjcif;vnf; r[kwfay/
olwdkYESpfOD;onf wpfOD;udk wpfOD; ar;cGef;rsm; tjyeftvSefar; azmfxkwfajymqdkMujcif; jzpfayonf/
xdkolESpfOD;wdkY\pOf;pm;azmfxkwfyHkudk tusOf;csKH; azmfjy&vQif atmifygtwdkif;jzpfayonf/
udkqdwfzGm;/

/ armifat;aqmif&JU ar;cGef;udk ajzzdkYqkd&if armifat;aqmif&JU zcif q&mrluaeNyD; pOf;pm;zdkYjzpfw,f? uJ


. . . 'Dawmh armifat;aqmif&JU zcifq&mrl[m bmvJ/

udkt*Fg /

/ q&mrl[m vlwpfa,mufjzpfw,f/

udkqdwfzGm;/

/ [kwfw,f? vlwpfa,mufjzpfw,f qdkwJhtajzudk aoaocsmcsm udkifxm;&r,f? 'Dvdkr[kwf&if


aemufydkif;rSm q&mrl[m 0dZm"dk&fvdkvdk? aZmf*sDvdkvdk jzpfoGm;wJhtjzpftysufu usKyfwdkY&JU awG;vHk;udk
taESmuft,SufjyKEdkifw,f udkt*Fg? cifAsm;tajz[m trSefqHk;eJY txda&mufqHk;yJ? q&mrlonf
vlwpfa,mufjzpfonfvdkY
tydkifqGJudkifxm;&r,f?
tJ'DtqdktwGuf
taxmuftxm;udkawmh
udkt*FgtaeeJY ajymEdkifygw,faemf/

udkt*Fg

/ ajymEdkifygw,f? q&mrl[m vlwpfa,mufjzpfw,f?


tazjzpfw,fqdkwm[m cdkifrmwJh taxmuftxm;ygyJ/

udkqdwfzGm; /

taxmuftxm;uawmh

udkat;aqmif&JU

/ BudKufNyD? 'Dawmh q&mrlonf vlwpfa,muf? uJ . . .armifat;aqmif &Sif;NyD r[kwfvm;/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

udkqdwfzGm; /

/ vlwpfa,mufjzpfw,f qdkwmawmh [kwfNyD? b,fvdkvlpm;vJ qdkwm pOf;pm;&r,f/

udkt*Fg

/ q&mrl[m t*d&wform;eJYvnf; wGJw,f? t*d&wform;awGuvnf; olYudk t*d&wform;vdkY


qdkMuw,f? aq;q&muvnf; 'DvdkyJ? odkufq&mawGuvnf; 'DvdkyJ? q&mrl[m t*d&wfq&m?
aq;q&m? odkufq&mawGtm;vHk;eJY tusKH;0ifaew,f/

udkqdwfzGm; /

/'Dawmh q&mrl[m t*d&wfq&mvnf; r[kwf? aq;q&mvnf; r[kwf? odkufq&mvnf; r[kwfbl;vdkY


qdkEdkifwmaygh/

udkt*Fg

/ rSefygw,f? ol[m bmrSr[kwfygbl;/

udkqdwfzGm; /

/ 'Dawmh q&mrl[m bmrS r[kwfwJh vlwpfa,mufvdkY tajz&aeNyDaygh/

udkt*Fg

/ [kwfw,f? tJ'DbmrS r[kwfwJh vlwpfa,mufqdkwJh tqdkudk udkifxm;&r,f? 'g[m a[m'Djyem&JU


toufyJ? bmrSr[kwfbl;qdkwJh pum;eJYvlwpfa,mufjzpfw,fqdkwJh pum;[mvnf; wpfckeJY wpfck
qefYusifbufjzpfaew,f/

udkqdwfzGm; /

/ vlwpfa,mufjzpfaeygvsuf bmrS r[kwfbl;qdkwJh tjzpfudk cH,lwJhvlawG wpfpHkwpf&m jzpfw,fvdkY


ra<u;aMumf&JwJhvlawG? txift&Sm; rjyK&JwJh vlawG[m vQdKU0SufaomtrIudk jyKae&olawGjzpfw,f?
'Dawmh . . .

udkt*Fg

/ q&mrlonf vQKdU0Sufaom udpwpfck jyKvkyfaeolvdkY tajz&w,f/

udkqdwfzGm; /

/ [kwfNyD? b,fvdk vQKdU0SufrIrsKd;vnf; qdkwmudk pOf;pm;wJhae&mrSm armifat;aqmif ajymjycsuft&


vdktyfwJhtcgrSm q&mrl[m t*d&wfxdk;wJh zdkHkxJudk 0ifNyD; a&TjyKvkyfavh&Sdw,f? jyKvkyfwJha&T[mvnf;
b,fawmhjzpfjzpf ]wpfusyfom;} twdtus jzpfaew,f qdkwJhtcsufyJ/

udkt*Fg

/ 'Dawmh q&mrl[m a&Tudk vkyfEdkifw,f qdkayr,fh wduswJh twdkif;twmeJYom vkyfEdkifjcif;jzpfw,f/

udkqdwfzGm; /

/ 'Dawmh a&TvkyfzdkY vdktyfcsufawG[mvnf; tav;csdeftm;jzifh wdusaevdrfhr,f/

udkt*Fg

/ [kwfw,f? tJ'Dtcsuf[m wpfusyfom;&SdwJh a&T'*Fg;udk t&nfusKd? 'gyJ jzpfzdkY&Sdw,f/

udkqdwfzGm; /

/ a&T'*Fg;udk 'Dtwdkif;ra&mif;bJ q&mrl[m bmjzpfvdkY usKdNyD;rS a&mif;&wmvJ/

udkt*Fg

/ vuf&Sd toHk;jyKaewJh NrdwfxHk;? jrif;pD;? wdkufwHqdyf? acgif;wHk;wHqdyfpwJh trsm;a&SUrSm a&mif;vkdYr&wJh


a&T'*Fg;rsKd;jzpfaew,fvdkY pOf;pm;Edkifw,f? tJ'D '*Fg;[m bm'*Fg;vJ/

udkqdwfzGm; /

/ 'DEdkifiHu roHk;wJh '*Fg;rsKd;jzpfr,f? 'Dawmh wpfjcm;aom tquftoG,fr&SdwJh wdkif;jynfwpfcku


a&T'*Fg;vdkY pOf;pm;&rSmyJ? 'Dawmh 'gawGudk pkpnf;Munfhr,f/

(wpf) q&mrlonf vlwpfa,muf/


(ESpf) q&mrlonf bmrS r[kwfaomvlwpfa,muf/
(oHk;) q&mrlonf vQKdU0Sufaom trIudk jyKvkyfaeolwpfa,muf/
(av;) q&mrlonf wpfjcm;wdkif;jynfwpfcku a&T'*Fg;jym;rsm;udk t&nfusKd a&mif;pm;aeolwpfa,mufvdkY tajccH
tcsufav;csuf xGufvmw,f/ tJ'Dawmh wpfjcm;wdkif;jynfu a&T'*Fg;&,f? vQKdU0Sufjcif;tvkyf&,f?
q&mrl&,f qdkwJh t"du oHk;rsKd;udk qufpyfMunfhvdkuf&if . . .
udkt*Fg

/ a&T'*Fg;onf tzdk;wefonf? q&mrltaeeJY xdka&T'*Fg;udk tvum;r&EdkifwJhtcsuf? vk,uf,liif


vQifvnf; &Edkifonf qdkwJhtcsuf? yifv,f&yfjcm; wkdif;wpfyg;qdkwJhtcsuf? vQKdU0Sufjcif;qdkwJh rlvu
&SdNyD; awG;ac:csufawGudk aygif;pyfvdkuf&if ]]yifv,f"m;jr}} wpfOD; jzpfw,fvdkY tajzxGufaew,f/

udkqdwfzGm; /

/ uJ . . .armifat;aqmif igwdkYESpfa,muf&JU tawG;tac: "gwfcGJ prf;oyfcef;rSm wifNyD;


tprf;oyfcHvdkufawmh rif;tazq&mrl[m yifv,f"m;jr wpfOD;jzpfw,fvdkY tajz&NyD? 'Dtajz[m
rvGJEdkifbl; odyfNyD;wdusw,f/

uREkfyfonf EGm;ausmif;om; udkt*FgeJY okb&mZmqdwfzGm;ac: axmifusESpfBuD;orm; bm&mqdwfzGm;wdkYESpfOD;\


tjyeftvSefar;cGef;jyKvkyf uREkfyf\ zcifBuD;tm; yifv,f"m;jrBuD;wpfOD;jzpfaMumif; tajzxkwfvdkufyHkudk rsm;pGm
pdwf0ifpm;rdav\/ uRekfyfonf trsm;olig ajymzefrsm; uRekfyf\ zcifonf a&TjzpfaiGjzpf&aom 0dZm"dk&fBuD;rsm;

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

jzpfaeNyDavm[k oHo,jzpfvsuf&Sd&m EGm;ausmif;om;ynm&SdESifh okb&mZmynm&SdESpfOD;\ tawG;tac:Pfynm


Zumwdkuf tajzxkwfvdkuf&m uREkfyf\ zcifonf 0dZm"dk&fr[kwfyJ yifv,f"m;jyBuD; jzpf aeonfudk
xl;qef;rdavawmh\/
xdkYaMumifh uRekfyfu qufvuf . . .
]][kwfygNyDAsm? usKyf&JU tazBuD;[m cifAsm;wdkYESpfa,mufajymovdk yifv,f"m;jyBuD;yJ xm;vdkufygawmh? usKyfudk
ac:oGm;NyD; dkufwJhvlBuD;[m b,folvJ? bmaMumifh dkufESuf&wmvJ? bmaMumifh usKyfudk axmifxJ ydkYvkduf&wmvJ}} [k
ar;jref;vdkuf&m xdkolESpfOD;onf a&aEG;Murf;wpfcGufpDaomufNyD;aemuf aq;vdyfrsm;udk zGmMuNyD;vQif a&S;enfrsm;twdkif;
tajz&SmMujyefav\/
udkqdwfzGm; /

/ armifat;aqmifudk ac:oGm;NyD; dkufwJhvlBuD;[m armifat;aqmifajymjycsuft&qdk&if tvum;oufouf


dkufwmr[kwfbl;? ol[m rif;&JU tazqDrSm&SdwJh "m;ajrmifuav;udk vdkcsifvdkY dkufwmjzpfw,f?
wpfenf;ajym&&if "m;ajrmifuav;wpfvufwnf;udkyJ 'DvlBuD;[m tvdk&Sdaew,f? tJ'guav;udk
&r,fqdk&if a&T'*Fg; tjym;udk;axmifudkawmif ay;r,fvdkY qdkxm;w,f r[kwfvm;? 'gudkMunfh&if
yifv,f"m;jrq&mrluJhodkY a&T'*Fg;rsm;udk ydkifqdkifxm;wJh tjcm;yifv,f"m;jywpfOD;qdkwm &Sif;aew,f?
'Dvdkqdk&if q&mrlraocif tJ'D"m;ajrmifudk &atmifrBudK;pm;bJeJY bmjzpfvdkY aoumrS BudK;pm;&wmvJ
qdkwmudk pOf;pm;&r,f/

udkt*Fg

/ raocif ,SOfNydKifNyD; "m;ajrmifudk a&atmif,lzdkY tcuftcJ&Sdr,f? NyD;awmh "m;ajrmifydkif&Sif q&mrlu


c&D;xGufwJhtcgwdkif; "m;ajrmif,loGm;avh&Sdw,f qdkwJh om"uudkvnf; pOf;pm;&r,f? tckvnf;
'D"m;ajrmifudk [dkvlBuD;u vdkcsifaewkef;yJqdkawmh "m;ajrmif&JU wefzdk;[m rao;vSaMumif; om"u
wpfck&w,f? tJ'D "m;ajrmif[m b,fvdk"m;ajrmif[m b,fvdk "m;ajrmifrsKd;vJ? udkat;aqmif&JU
ajymjycsuft& tdk;[m qifpG,feJYvkyfxm;NyD; tdk;rSm tif;uGufvdk[mawG ygw,fvdkY qdkxm;w,f? 'gudk
pOf;pm;&if yifv,f"m;jyESpfOD;eJY wdkufdkufoufqdkifaewJh vQKdU0Suf&Sm;yg;aom "m;ajrmifwpfacsmif;jzpfw,f
qdkwmudk om"uxkwfEdkifw,f/

udkqdwfzGm; /

/ [kwfw,f? q&mrl[m dk;dk;yifv,f"m;jywpfOD; r[kwfbl;? yifv,f"m;jyAdkvfwpfOD; jzpfcJhw,f?


armifat;aqmifudk dkufwJhvlBuD;[mvnf; wynfhwyef;awG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,fvdkY qdkxm;avawmh
ol[mvnf; yifv,f"m;jyacgif;aqmifwpfOD; jzpfw,f/

udkt*Fg

/ yifv,f"m;jyESpfOD;[m "m;ajrmifwpfvufudk ydkifqdkifvdkYr&bl;? a0NyD;,l&r,f/

udkqdwfzGm; /

/ [kwfw,f? q&mrlu "m;ajrmifudk ,lNyD; [dkvlBuD;u "m;ajrmif&JU tdrfudk,lvdrfhr,f/

udkt*Fg

/ 'Dawmh "m;ajrmifom tzdk;wefwm r[kwfbl;? "m;tdrfuvnf; tzdk;wefaew,fvdkY tajz&w,f? 'Dawmh


"m;tdrfeJY "m;dk;udk qufpyfNyD;zwf&if &EdkifwJh ajryHkwpfck? &wemodkufTef;wpfckvdkY tMurf;zsif;
tajz&w,f/

udkqdwfzGm; /

udkt*Fg

/ wu,fhppfolvQKdtppf wpfa,muf[m tJ'DvlBuD;qDudk a&mufaevdrfhr,fvdkY tajz&w,f/

udkqdwfzGm; /

armifat;aqmifudk dkufNyD;ppfcJhw,f? r&wJhtqHk;rSm ppfolvQdKwpfOD;&JU vQKd0Sufpmwpfapmifudk


armiat;aqmif&JU tdwfxJrSm xnfhNyD; armifat;aqmifudk owdarhatmifvkyfNyD; ppfolvQdKtjzpfeJY
tzrf;cH&atmif vkyfcJhwJh om"uudkaxmuf&if . . .

/ 'Dawmh

(wpf) tJ'DvlBuD;pm q&mrleJY wGJzufvkyfzl;wJh yifv,f"m;jyAdkvfBuD;jzpfw,f/


(ESpf) oltvdk&SdaewJh "m;ajrmif[m &wemodkuf&JU ajryHktTef;wpfckjzpfw,f/

(oHk;) olYqDrSm ppfolvQKdwpfa,mufa&mufaew,fqdkwJh tajzudk&w,f? 'DtxJrSm


armifat;aqmifudk tuGufqifNyD; axmifxJydkYvdkufawmh wu,fvdkY tpdk;&[m ppfolvQKdwpfa,muf
a&mufaew,fvdkY owif;&xm;cJh&if cifAsm;wdkY &xm;wJhowif;[m trSefyJ? a[m'DrSm ppfolvQKdqdkNyD;
armifat;aqmifudk tyfvdkufwJh oabmyJ? wu,fhppfolvQKdudkawmh 'DvlBuD;[m 0Sufxm;vdrfhr,f?
bmjzpfvdkY0Sufxm;wmvJqdkawmh pOf;pm;zdkYyJ &Sdawmh . . .
udkt*Fg

/ tJ'DppfolvQKd[m &wemajryHkTef;udk twdtus r&wJhtcgrsKd;rSm teD;pyfqHk; &SmazGay;Edkifavmufatmif


toHk;0ifwJhvl jzpf&r,f/

rif;odcF
udkqdwfzGm; /

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

/ [kwfw,f? tJ'g tajzyJ armifat;aqmif/

axmifwGif;a&muf ynm&SdESpfOD;onf uREkfyftvdk&Sdaom tajzrsm;udk txufygtwdkif; awG;ac:


tajzay;Muav\/ uREkfyf\ pdwf xdlolESpfOD;tm; rcsD;usL;bJ raeEdkifawmh/ olESpfOD;onf rdrdwdkY\
toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyKvkyfae&aom tvkyfrsm;ESifh tvdkufatmifyif Pfynm BuD;Muygay\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

aMumufwwfvQif ESpfcgao\
udkqdwfzGm;onf wpf&ufjcm; ESpf&ufjcm; qdkovdk uREkfyfwdkY\ BudK;wdkufodkY vma&mufvnfywf uREkfyf\
rdwfaqGBuD; udkt*FgESifh avmuBuD;\ av;eufaom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk ajymqdkaqG;aEG;avh&Sd\/ uREkfyfrSmrl xdkolwdkY\
pum;0dkif;udk 0ifqHjcif;r&Sdavmufatmifyif ynmt&m Eke,fvSayonf/
trSefpifppftm;jzifh udkqdwfzGm;onf awmifilocsKif;ukef;rS okb&mZmwpfOD;om jzpfouJhodkY udkt*FgrSmvnf;
"EkjzLNrdKUe,fawm&Gmwpf&GmrS EGm;ausmif;om; wpfOD;rQomvQif jzpfayonf/ uREkfyfrSm q,fwef;txd ynmoifzl;
t*Fvdyfpmwpfbmom ajzqdkcJhygvQif ,leDAmpDwDodkY 0ifa&mufEdkifcGifh&SdaomoljzpfygvQuf okb&mZmESifh EGm;ausmif;om;\
pum;0dkif; 0ifa&mufajzqdkEdkifjcif; r&Sdavmufatmifyif uREkfyfu nHzsif; xdkolwdkYu vGefpGmxufjrufaeMujcif;udk
wpfpHkwpfa,muftm; ajymjyygu ,HkEdkifzG,f&m r&Sday/
wpfaeYo udkqdwfzGm;onf
a&muf&Sdvmojzifh uREkfyfu . . .

a&aEG;Murf;u&m;wpfvHk;jzifh

uREkfyfwdkY\

BudK;wdkufodkY

tvnftywf

]]udkqdwfzGm;&,f. . . cifAsm;wkdYESpfa,muf pOf;pm;vdkufwm usKyftaz&JU taMumif;a&m? [dkvlBuD;taMumif;a&mudk


'ufceJaeatmif
ajymEdkifwm
rSefrrSefawmh
usKyfvnf;rodbl;?
'gayr,fh
rSefzdkYu
rsm;ygw,fAsm?
b,fyHkb,fenf;pOf;pm;MuwmvJ?wpfqdwfavmuf &Sif;jyprf;yg}} [k ar;Munfhrdav\/
udkqdwfzGm;onf uREkfyfar;jref;onfudk em;axmifNyD;aemuf a&aEG;Murf;wpfcGuf aomuf\/ aq;vdyfudkzGm\/
wHawG;udk axG;\/ xdkodkYjyKvkyfNyD;aemuf . . .
]]'Dvdk&Sdw,f armifat;aqmif? jyemwpfck taMumif;t&mwpfckudk pOf;pm;awmhr,fqdk&if yxrqHk;vkyf&r,fh
tvkyfuawmh tJ'Djyemudk wdusav;eufwJh tqdkwpfckudk tpjyK&r,f? OyrmuGm . . . armifat;aqmif
axmifxJa&mufvmwJhtaMumif;eJYywfoufNyD; rwifrusjzpfaewJh jyemudk pOf;pm;aew,fqdkygawmhuGm}} [k qdkav\/
]][kwfygw,f udkqdwfzGm;? tJ'Dvdk Oyrmav; bmav;eJY &Sif;jyrS em;vnfrSmAs}} [k uREkfyfu tm;wufoa&m
ajyvdkufvQif udkqdwfzGm;onf qufvuf ajymjyefav\/
]]'DawmhuGm yxrqHk;tqdkudk pOf;pm; azmfxkwf&atmif? tJ'gu armifat;aqmifonf axmifxJodkY
jypfrIrusL;vGef&bJ a&mufvmonfvdkY &w,f? yxrqHk;tqdkudk (rlv) vdkYac:w,f? t*Fvdyfvdkawmh Thesis
oD;qpfvdkYac:w,f? (rlv) eJY qefYusifbufjzpfwJh tqdkwpfckudk xyfNyD; pOf;pm;&jyefw,f? tJ'gu armifat;aqmifonf
axmifxJodkY jypfrI wpfpHkwpfck usL;vGef a&mufvmonf &,fvdkY rlvtqdkeJY qefYusifwJh tqdkwpfck pdwful;wpfck &vmw,f
r[kwfvm;? tJ'gudk t*Fvdyfvdk Antithesis tifwDoDppf jrefrmvdkawmh (y#dyu) vdkYac:w,f? tJ'DrSm pOf;pm;&if
tqdkESpfckpvHk; [m armifat;aqmif axmifxJodkY a&mufvmonf qdkwJhtcsufudk rjiif;Mubl;? jiif;aewmu jypfrIusL;vGefNyD;
a&mufvmw,feJY jypfrIrusL;vGefbJ a&mufvmw,fqdkwJh tcsufudkyJ jiif;aewmr[kwfvm;}}
]][kwfygw,f udkqdwfzGm;}}
]]'Dawmh ]armifat;aqmifonf axmifxJodkY wpfpHkwpfckaom taMumif;aMumifh a&mufvm&onf} qdkwJh wwd,
tqdkwpfckudk &w,f? tJ'gudk t*Fvdyfvdkawmh Synthesis (qifoDqpf) vdkYac:w,f? jrefrmvdkYawmh orl[vdkYac:w,f? tJ'D
wwd,tqdkrSm vHkavmufwJh tajzr&ao;&if wwd,tqdkudk rlvae&mrSm jyefxm;NyD; qufvufpOf;pm;&jyefw,f?
aemufqHk;rSm obm0uswJh tajzudk &awmhwmyJ armifat;aqmif}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

uREkfyonf udkqdwfzGm;udk tHhMordav\/ olonf awmifilocsKif;ukef;rS okb&mZmwpfOD;rQom jzpfygvQuf


tb,faMumifh
rQtxd
twG;tac:wGifomru
t*Fvdyfpmudkyg
wwfuRrf;ae&oenf;/
uREkfyfonf
udkqdwfzGm;ESifhywfouf trsKd;rsKd;tzHkzHk awG;awmHkrQru ar;vnf; ar;jref;Munfhrdayonf/
]]q&mudkqdwfzGm;&,f? cifAsm;uvJ
0ifa&mufajymqdkjcif;rjyKaom udkt*Fgu . . .

awmfvScsnfvm;Asm}}

[k

uREkfyfu

ar;vdkuf&m

wpfvHk;wpfyg'rQ

]]awmfNyDvm;Asm? udkqdwfzGm;u axmifxJa&mufrS t*Fvdyfpmudkawmif axmifusaewJh t&m&Sdwpfa,mufqDrSm


oifvdkufwm tckqdk&if t*Fvdyfvdkawmif aumif;aumif;BuD;wwfoGm;NyDAs? wpfaxmifvHk;u oludk ya&mfzufqm ynm&SdBuD;vdkY
ac:MuwmyJ? ya&mfzufqm qdwfzGm;ayghAsm}} [k 0ifa&muf ajymqdkav\/
xdkaeYu uREkfyfwdkY\ BudK;wdkuf udkqdwfzGm;onf tcsdefjzKef;pum;ajymum a&aEG;Murf;ukefrS jyef
oGm;avawmh\/

udkqdwfzGm; jyefoGm;NyD;aemuf uREkfyfESifh


tawG;tac:ESifh ywfouf udkt*Fgtm; ar;jref;jyef\/

udkt*Fgonf

qufvuf

pum;ajymaeMuav\/

uREkfyfu

]]q&mudkqdwfzGm;ajymjyvdkY ol&JU awG;ac:yHkudkawmh od&ygNyDAsm? ukdt*Fg&JU awG;ac:yHkuav;aum rod&bl;vm;As}}


]]'Dvdk&Sdw,f udkat;aqmif? ,cktcgrSm cifAsm;eJYusKyf[m BudK;wkdufxJudk a&mufaeMuNyD? rMumcifrSm
ao'Pfay;csifay;Muvdrfhr,f? 'gayr,fh usKyfwdkY[m ao'Pfay;rvm;? ray;bl;vm; qdkwmudk twdtusrodMubl;?
tJ'Dawmh usKyfwdkY ao'Pfay;cH&rvm;? rcH&bl;vm;qdkwmudk pOf;pm;Muw,f qdkygawmhAsm}}
]]tif; . . .vkyfprf;ygOD;As? tJ'g ta&;BuD;ygw,f}}
]]usKyfwdkY yxrqHk;pOf;pm;&rSmuawmh a[m'DBudK;wdkufxJrSm xnfhxm;wJhvlwdkif; BudK;ay;cH&ovm; qdkwm
pOf;pm;&r,f? tJ'Dtajzxuf yxrvkyf&rSmuawmh tcsuftvufpkaqmif;&r,f? wdkufxJu tkwfeH&HawGrSm aoaocsmcsm
avQmufMunfhprf;? cJwHeJYwpfrsKd;? rD;aoG;eJYwpfzHk a&;xm;wJhpmawG? BudK;ay;cHoGm;&wJhvlawG&JUpmawG? 'kwd, tvkyfuawmh
EdIif;,SOfrIvkyf&r,f? BudK;wdkufxJrSm BudK;ay;cHoGm;&wJh vlawG&JUpmawGudk awGUwmawmh [kwfygNyD? axmifxJrSm
ESpfBuD;wJhvlawGudk ar;MunfhzdkY vdkjyefw,f? 'DwdkufrSm aeoGm;wJhvlwdkif; BudK;ay;cHoGm;&ovm;vdkY}}
]]tJ'g udkt*Fg ar;rMunfhbl;vm;}}
]]ar;MunfhNyD;ygNyD? wpfa,mufrSrvGwfbl;? tukefvHk; BudK;pifwufoGm;&wmcsnf;yJ? wwd,tvkyfuawmh
tqdkMurf;wpfck jyKvkyf&r,f? tJ'DtqdkMurf;uawmh BudK;wdkuftwGif;odkY tydkYcH&oltm;vHk; BudK;ay;cH&onf qdkwJh
tqdkMurf;udk jyKvkyf&r,f? pwkw tvkyfuawmh prf;oyfjcif;vdkY ac:w,f? 'DBudK;wdkufudk a&mufvmwJhvlwdkif;[m vlowfrI?
ykefuefrI? olvQKdrIawGeJYom a&mufvmwwfw,fqdkwm? 'grSr[kwf ao'Pfay;avmufwJh trIrsKd;awGeJYom
a&mufvmwwfw,fqdkwmudk prf;oyfjcif;yJ? usKyfwdkYuawmh BudK;wdkufxJudk a&mufaeavawmh bmrS prf;oyfjcif; vkyfvdkY
r&bl;? awGUorQvludk ar;MunfhHkavmufyJ vkyfEdkifw,f? NyD;awmhrS ed,mrwpfckudk csrSwf&awmhw,f? tJ'guawmh
a[m'DBudK;wdkufodkY ydkYxm;jcif;cH&oltm;vHk; BudK;ay;cH&onfqdkwJh ed,mrwpfckudk &w,fudkat;aqmif}} [k udkt*Fgu
pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf ajymjyav\/
]][kwfw,f udk,fhvlwdkY? tJ'g tajzrSefyJ? udk,fhvlwdkY ESpfa,mufpvHk; vGwfrSm r[kwfbl;? BudK;ay;cH&rSmcsnf;yJ}}
[k rnfonfhtcsdefu a&mufaeonf rodaom udkqdwfzGm;u Mum;jzwf ajymvdkufav\/ uREkfyfrSm BudK;ay;cH&rnfqdkonfh
pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&ojzifh vGefpGmwkefvIyf oGm;av\/ acR;rsm; ,dkpdrfh xGufvmNyD;vQif acgif;xJ aemufusdusd
a0'emwpfckyif cHpm;&avawmh\/ uREkfyfu uJhodkYwkefvIyfajcmufjcm;jcif;jzpfaomfvnf; udkt*FgrSmrl uREkfyfuJhodkY
wkefvIyfjcif; r&SdHkrQru . . .
]]q&mudkqdwfzGm;a& . . . vnfyif;udk BudK;uGif;pGyfcH&rSmawmh odyfNyD; rpdk;&drfvSygbl;Asm? 'gayr,fh BudK;udkawmh
oyfoyf&yf&yfav; vkyfcdkifygAsm? tpGef;tpawGxGufaewJh tkef;qHBudK;qdk&if usKyfu ,m;wwfvdkYyg}} [kyif
usDp,faemufajymif vdkufao;awmh\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

udkqdwfzGm;onf uREkfyfwdkYESifh tcsdeftawmfMumtxdxdkif pum;ajymNyD;aemuf jyefoGm;av\/ if;jyefoGm;onfh


tcg uREkfyfESifh udkt*Fgonf qufvuf pum;ajymqdkaeMuav\/ uRekfyfonf xdktcsdef ao&rnfhta&;udk awG;vsuf
aMumufvefYwkefvIyfum *emrNidrfjzpf aeayonf/ udkt*FgrSmrl a`Eysufjcif;r&SdbJ at;aq;wnfNidrfpGmjzifh
aq;vdyfaomufaeonfudk awGU&ay&m uREkfyfonf tm;rvdktm;r& jzpfrdavawmh\/
]]'DrSm udkt*Fg? usKyfwdkY ao&awmhr,fqdkyJ}}
]]ao&rSmuawmhAsm? usKyfwdkYwif b,fuvdrfhrwkef; 'DavmuBuD;rSm &Sd&SdorQ ao&rSmcsnf;yJ r[kwfvm;As}}
]]'guawmh 'gayghAs? usKyfwdkYu rMumcif ao&rSmAs}}
]]aowmuawmh aowmyJaygh udkat;aqmif&,f? t&ifao&wmeJY aemufao&wmyJ uGmawmhraygh? NyD;awmh
cifAsm; pOf;pm;Munfhav? usKyfwdkY&JU aemufqHk;wm0ef[m aojcif;yJ r[kwfvm;? apmapmao&ifvJ 'Dwm0efudk
apmapmxrf;aqmifNyD;jzpfwmaygh}} [k udkt*Fgu ajym&m . . .
]]cifAsm;uvnf;Asm? ao&rSm enf;enf;uav;rS raMumufbl;vm;}} [k uREkfyfu jyef ar;vdkufav\/
]]'Dvdk&Sdw,f udkat;aqmif? usKyfwdkY rsKd;dk;&JU wu,fhtoufarG;0rf;ausmif; tvkyfudku aorif;eJY vGefqGJ&wJh
tvkyfAs}} [k udkt*Fgu jyefajymav\/
]]b,fvdktvkyfrsKd;ygvdrfh udkt*Fg}} [k uREkfyfu tm;wufoa&m jyef ar;vdkufav\/
]]cifAsm;awmh
,Hkrvm;rqdkEdkifbl;?
usKyfwdkYrsKd;quf[m
wdkif;wpfyg;eJY
pNyD;
tquftqH&SdcJhwJh
tif;0acwfavmufuwnf;u ("m;pmcH) vkyfvmcJhwm? wpfa,mufrS aoG;dk;om;dk;eJY zsm;emNyD;aow,fvdkY r&SdcJhzl;ygbl;?
olwpfyg;vufcsufeJY ao&ifao? rao&if BudK;pifwuf&wmcsnf;yJ? 'DrsKd;qufrSmawmh usKyf[m aemufqHk;vlyJ? usKyfrSm
om;r,m;vnf;
r&Sdavawmh
'DrsKd;qufawmh
usKyfqDrSm
jyKwfNyDayghAsm?
'Dwpfcsufudkawmh
usKyftaeeJY
pdwfraumif;jzpfrdw,f}} [k udkt*Fgu ajymvdkufav\/
]]aeygOD;? cifAsm;EGm;ausmif;om;qdkAs? tckb,fhES,f . . ."m;pmcH jzpf&jyefwmvJ}} [k uREkfyfu ar;&m udkt*Fgu .
..
]]acgif;at;at;xm;prf;yg udkat;aqmif? "m;pmcHtvkyfqdkwmu rsKd;dk;pOfquftvkyfudk ajymwmyg?
'Dtvkyfuvnf; iSm;wJhvl&SdrS vkyf&wmuvm;? iSm;wJholr&SdwJh tcgrSm BuHK&mtvkyfudkom vkyfpm;ae&wmAs}} [k
ajymvdkufav\/
]]aeprf;ygOD;? cifAsm;wdkY "m;pmcHawGudk b,folawGu b,fvdktcgrsKd;awGrSm iSm;MuwmvJ}} [k uREkfyfu
ar;vdkuf&m . . .
]]a&S;acwfawGwkef;uawmh wpfEdkifiHeJYwpfEdkifiH ppfjzpfaewJhtcgrSm pum;ajymqdkurf;vSrf;MuwJh tcgrsKd;rSm
usKyfwdkYudk iSm;NyD; vTwfavh&Sdw,f? wpfzufu owfypf&if usKyfwdkYu towfcH&wmayghAsm? aemufydkif;rSmawmh
"m;jy*dkPf;BuD;awGtcsif;csif; pum;ajymMuwJhtcgrSm usKyfwdkYudk iSm;w,f? tJ'DtcgrSmvnf; 'DvdkyJ towfcHcsifcH&wwfw,f?
nDtpfudk&SdwJh "m;pmcHrsm;uawmh tpfudk towfcH&&if nDu jyefNyD; r&ru vufpm;acswwfw,f? 'gaMumifh
vlqdk;BuD;awGtcsif;csif; aphpyfwJhtcgrSm usKyfwdkY[m odyfNyD; toHk;0ifwJhvlawGayghAsm? 'gu e,fpyfawGrSm ydkNyD;
jzpfavhjzpfx&Sdw,f? usKyftzdk;[m t*FvdyfeJYjrefrmolykefawG aphpyfwJhtcgrSm towfcHcJh&w,f? usKyftazuawmh
"m;pmcHvkyfief;wpfckrSm wpfzufu uwdzsufvdkY uwdzsufwJhvludk owfrdwJhtwGuf BudK;pifwuf&w,f? usKyfuawmh
"m;pmcHtppfayghAsm? usKyf&JU EGm;NcHem;rSm vlowfrIwpfckjzpfoGm;w,f? usKyfvnf; bmrS rodbl;? wu,fowfwJhvl[m
b,folb,f0grSef; usKyfvnf; rodbl;? usKyfudk zrf;awmhwmyJAsm? usKyfwdkYtzdkYawmh aowmyJjzpfjzpf? owfwmyJjzpfjzpfbmrS
qef;wJh tvkyfawG r[kwfbl; udkat;aqmif}} [k udkt*Fgu &Snfvsm;pGm &Sif;jyav\/
uREkfyfonf udkt*Fg\pum;udk Mum;&onfhtcg udkt*Fgtm; vGefpGmoem;rdouJhodkY vGefpGmrSvnf;
tHhMordav\/ ynmPfxufjrufygvsuf rsKd;dk;pOfqufvkyfudkifcJhonfh "m;pmcHtvkyfudk auseyf0rf;ajrmufpGm
tarGqufcHxm;onfh udkt*Fgtm; ESajrmrdygonf/
vlwdkYonf ork'&m0rf;wpfxGmqdkouJhodkY trsKd;rsKd; tzHkzHkaomenf;jzifh toufarG;Muayonf/ xdktxJwGif
udkt*FgwdkY\ rsKd;pOfrsKd;quf toufarG;0rf;ausmif;um; xl;qef;aom toufarG;rIjzifh tE&m,fvnf; vGefpGmrsm;vSaMumif;
pOf;pm;rdav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

udkt*Fgonf wkefvIyfajcmufjcm;jcif;r&SdyJ yuwdwnfNidrfpGm pm;aomufaexdkifvsuf &Sdonfudk awGU&ayonf/


uREkfyfrSmrlum; ao&rnfh ta&;udk aMumufvSojzifh xrif;vnf;aumif;pGmrpm;Edkif? tdyfvnf; aumif;pGm rtdyfEdkifyg?
uREkfyf\ 'kuudkMunfhvsuf udkt*Fgu atmufygpum;udk qdkav\/
]]cifAsm;Munfh&wm
oem;p&maumif;vSw,f?
odyfNyD;aMumufaew,fxifw,f?
aMumufwJhvlrsm;
ESpfcgaow,fqdkwm
w,frSefygvm;?
wu,faowmu
wpfcg?
raocifrSm
awG;NyD;
ao&ravmuf
'kua&mufaewmuwpfcg? uJ. . uJ udkat;aqmif qkawmif;prf;ygAsm? aemifjzpfav&mb0rSm tckvdk aMumufwwfwJhvl
rjzpfyg&apeJYvdkY qifjzpf&ifvnf; wdkufqif? Muufjzpf&ifvnf; wdkufMuuf? a'gif;jzpf&ifvnf; cGyfa'gif;? vljzpf&ifvnf;
ao&J owf&JwJh vljzpfygapvdkY aocgeD;rSm qkawmif;ayawmh? acgif;at;at;xm;prf;yg udkat;aqmif}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

'Dvdkawmhvnf; vG,fayoudk;
uREkfyf\rdwfaqGBuD; udkt*Fgu uREkfyftm; rnfrQyif tm;ay;aomfvnf; uREkfyfrSmrl ao&rnfhta&;udk arQmfawG;
rpm;Edkif
raomufEdkif
jzpfHkrQru
tcsdef&Sdwdkif;
idka<u;om
aeav\/
wpfaeYo
uREkfyfonf
tusOf;om;wpfa,mufvmay;aom xrif;udk rpm;yJ jyef ay;vdkufNyD; idka<u; aeav\/ udkt*FgrSmrl tvSLtdrfwGif
pm;aomufonfhtvm; Nrdef,SufpGm pm;aomufav\/ xrif;pm;NyD;onfhtcg aq;ayghvdyfudk zGmdIufvsuf oHwdkifudk rSDum
uRekfyftm; aphaphMunfhNyD;aemuf . . .
]]tif; . . .usKyfuawmh at;at;aq;aq; ao&rvm;rSwfaewm? cifAsm;jrif&awmh pdwfrcsrf;ombl;Asm? uJ . . .
uJ 'Dvdkvkyf? bmrS ryleJY usKyfwm0efxm;vdkuf cifAsm; raoap&bl;}} [k qdkvdkufav\/
uREkfyfvnf; udkt*Fg\ pum; cifAsm;raoap&bl; [laomtcsufudk Mum;vdkufojzifh idkae&mrS tidk&yfum . . .
]]wu,fajymwmvm; udkt*Fg&,f}} [k ar;jref;rdav\/
]]wu,faygh udkat;aqmif? usKyfeJY cifAsm;[m wpfOD;&JUtcuftcJudk wpfOD;u ulnDzdkY uwdjyKxm;MuwJh
Asmoem&udwrdwfaqGawG jzpfaeMuNyDyJ? tckvdk cifAsm;cHpm;ae&wJh pdwf'kuudk usKyfu ulnD&rSmaygh}} [k udkt*Fgu
ajymvdkufav\/
]]wu,f . . .cifAsm; wu,fajymwmaemf? usKyfudk pdwfcsrf;omatmif vDq,fwm r[kwfbl;aemf}} [k
uREkfyfuajym&m . . .
]]acgif;at;at;xm;prf;yg udkat;aqmif? usKyfwu,fajymaewmyg}}
uREkfyfonf udkt*Fg\ pum;aMumifh txl;yif 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfrdavawmh\/ xyif vufckyfvuf0g;wD;
urdavawmh\ [k qdkvQif ydkrSefayrnf/
uRekfyfonf aysmf&TifpGm uae&mrS armyef;vmojzifh &yfem;vdkufNyD;aemuf pOf;pm;rdonfrSm igonf
vlzsif;vlnHwpfOD;yguvm;? ao&awmhrnf[k pdwfqif;&JcJh&\/ ,ckwpfzef udkt*Fgqdkolu raoap&ygbl;[k
tmrcHvdkufonfhtcg twdkif;xuftvGef 0rf;om ursm;yif urdayonf/ trSefpifppf ightm; raoap&ygbl;
usKyfwm0efxm;vdkufprf;yg[k wm0efcHolrSmvnf; iguJhodkYyif BudK;wdkufwGif;odkYa&mufaeonfh BudK;pifwuf&rnfhol
jzpfayonf/ olu ighxuf bmrQrxl;? odkYygvQuf igonf ol\ wm0efcH pum;av;udk Mum;vdkuf&onfhtcg
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpf&ayonf wum; [l jzpfayonf/
udkt*Fgurl uRekfyftm; wnfNidrfpGmjzifh MunfhvdkufNyD;aemuf . . .
]]axmifu vGwfzdkYqdkwm axmifazmufajy;&rSmyJ udkat;aqmif}} [k ajymav\/
]]azmufvdkYaum vG,fyghrvm; udkt*Fg}} [k uREkfyfu jyef ar;rdav\/
]][J. . .[J. . udk,fhvlwdkY 'Hk;ra0;awmhbl;? ajy;&r,f? udk,fhvlwdkY xGufajy;&r,f}}
[k rnfonfhtcsdefu
0ifa&mufajymqdkav\/

uREkfyfwdkYteD;odkY

a&mufaeonfrod?

q&mudkqdwfzGm;onf

tm;wufoa&m

]]cifAsm;aum vkdufrvm;}} [k udkt*Fgu ar;&m q&mudkqdwfzGm;u acgif;udk jznf;nif;pGm cg,rf;vdkufNyD; . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]usKyfawmh rvdkufEdkifbl;? usKyfu vGwfcgeD;aeNyD? NyD;awmh vlwpfa,mufqDu ynmwpfckoifaewm


rqHk;ao;bl;?
at;at;aq;aq;rSyJ
xGufawmhr,f?
udk,fhvlwdkYuawmh
'Dvdkr[kwfbl;?
xGuf&ifausmeJY
xGuf&r,fvlawGqdkawmh BuHoifhw,f}}
(axmifxJ ausmeJYxGuf&r,fqdkonfh a0g[m&rSm towfcH&rnfudk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf/)
]]axmifazmufzdkY taMumif;udk bm&ma&SUrSm ajymqdkMuwmawmh
tusOf;om;awGyJ &Sdvdrfhr,f xifw,f}} [k udkt*Fgu ajymav\/

udkqdwfzGm;vdk

pma&;ol
bm&meJY

usKyfwdkYvdk

]]'gu 'DvdkavAsm? usKyfuvJ cifAsm;wdkY&JU Asmoem&udwrdwfaqGpm&if;xJudk 0ifvdkufwJhoabmaygh? 'Dawmh


axmifu vGwfxGufoGm;zdkYudkawmh usKyfBuHay;yghr,f}}
]]q&mudkqdwfzGm;&,f . . . jzpfajrmufatmifvkyfay;prf;ygAsm? tm;udk;yg&ap}} [k uREkfyfu awmif;yef&av\/
]]udk,fhvluawmh
tm;udkyg&apqdkwJh
pum;udk
wpfoufvHk;ajymaer,fhvlyJ?
udk,f
udk,fwdkifvJ
tm;udk;cHxdkufwJhvljzpfatmif BudK;pm;prf;ygAsm}} [k q&mudkqdwfzGm;onf uRekfyftm; qHk;raomavoHjzifh ajymqdkav\/
]]tm;udk;cHxdkufwJh vljzpfatmif b,fvdkvkyf&rSmvJ q&mudkqdwfzGm;&,f}}
]]udk,fvlu 'Hk;a0;ao;wmudk;? wm0ef,lwJhpdwf"mwfrsKd; xm;&w,f? 'DvdkpdwfrsKd;r&SdwJhvlu olwpfyg;udkcsnf;
tm;udk;aerSmyJ? uJ . . .uJ 'gawGxm;vdkufawmh? usKyfoGm;r,f}} [k qdkum udkqdwfzGm;onf uREkfyfwdkYxHodkY vHk;0
vma&mufjcif;r&Sdawmh/
uRekfyfonf udkt*Fgtm; tusKd;taMumif; odvdk ar;jref;aomfvnf; . . .
]]usKyfuvnf; cifAsm;eJYtwlwl BudK;wdkufxJrSm aeae&wmyJ udkat;aqmif? udkqdwfzGm; b,fvdkBuHaew,fqdkwm
twdtusawmh b,fodyghrvJ? 'gayr,fh pdwfcsygAsm? 'Dvlu ulnDr,f qdk&if wu,fulnDwwfwJh vlpm;rsKd;qdkwm olYudk
jrifuwnf;u usKyfawmhodaew,f}} [kom ajzav\/
q&mudkqdwfzGm; rvmawmhonfrSm ESpfywfcefY&SdNyD jzpf\/ uRekfyfonf udkqdwfzGm;tm; tarQmfBuD; arQmfrdav\/
xdkaeYu eHeufydkif; xrif;pm;NyD; uREkfyfESifh udkt*Fgonf aq;vdyf udk,fpDjzifh udk,fhtawG;ESifhudk,f&SdaeMupOf . . .
]]it*Fg&Sdovm;}} [laom toHudkMum;&ojzifh Munfhvdkuf&m axmifrSL;wpfa,mufESifh axmif0g'g ESpfa,mufudk
awGU&av\/ xdkaxmifrSL;udk uRekfyfaumif;pGm odygonf/ uREkfyftm; BudK;wdkufodkY oGif;cJhaom axmifrSL;yifjzpfayonf/
]]&SdwmayghAsm? r&SdvdkY usKyfu b,frsm;oGm;vdkY&wmrSwfvdkY}} [k udkt*Fgu ajzvdkuf&m 0g'gwpfa,mufu . . .
]]a[haumif . . .&Sdovm;qdk &Sdw,fqdk&if &Sdw,fyJajz? tydkawG rajymeJY? ausmeJYxGufoGm;&r,f}} [k 0if
a[mufavonf/
]]ausmeJYxGuf& xGuf&? ajcaxmufeJYxGuf& xGuf& taMumif;r[kwfbl;? udk,fhvlwdkYuawmh axmifxJa&mufaewJh
tusOf;om;qdk&ifawmh w,fNyD; EdkifwwfMuwmudk;}} [k udkt*Fgu ajymav\/
]]atmifrm . . . vlyg;0wJhaumif? wHcg;zGifhprf; . . .wHcg;zGifhprf;}} [k qdkum oHwHcg;udk zGifhav\/ odkY&mwGif
axmifrSL;u 0g'grsm;tm; ]a[h. . . a[h . . .rvkyfeJY} [k qdkvdkufojzifh rnfolrQ rvkyf0HhbJ udkt*Fgudk BudK;wkdufwGif;rS
xkwfMuav\/ udkt*Fg tjyifa&mufvQif axmifrSL;u . . .
]]iat;aqmif&Sdovm;}} [k ac:jyef\/ uREkfyfu ]]&Sdygw,fcifAsm}} [k ajzvdkufvQif uRekfyfudkyg xkwfjyef\/
xdkYaemuf uRekfyfwdkYESpfa,mufpvHk;tm; rdef;a*s;odkY ac:oGm;NyD;vQif trnf? tztrnf? arG;ou&mZfESifh ae&yfvdyfpm?
usL;vGefcJhaom jypfrIwdkYudk ar;jref;um vufaAG yHkpHrsm;ESdyf,lNyD;vQif vufxdyfcwfvsuf toifhapmifhqdkif;vsuf &Sdaom
vufeufudkifykvdyfav;a,muf\ vufodkY tyfvkdufav\/ xdkykvdyfrsm;teufrS wpfa,mufaom ykvdyfu udkt*Fg\
Zufydk;udk vufjzifh wpftm;vTJum wajzmif;ajzmif;jzifh dkufcsvdkufNyD;aemuf . . .
]]acG;rom;? rif;taMumif; igMum;NyD;NyD? cHwefwefvkyfr,frBuHeJY? xGufajy;r,frBuHeJY aoNyDrSwf}} [k qdkav\/
uREkfyftm;vnf; tjcm;aom ykvdyfwpfa,mufu ajcjzifh aqmifhuefum ]rif;vJ owdxm;} [k qdkav\/
xdkYaemuf acgif;aqmifvkyfaom ykvdyfwpfOD;onf axmifrSL;ay;aom yHkpHpm&Gufay: vufrSwfa&;xdk;av\/ xdktcsdef
q&mudkqdwfzGm;a&mufvmNyD;vQif uREkfyftm; EIwfquf\/ xdkYaemuf udkt*Fgtm; zuf EIwfqufjyef\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]rdwfaqGBuD; udkt*Fga& . . .NyD;awmhvnf; NyD;wmyJAsKdU}} [k udkqdwfzGm;u ajymav\/


]][kwfw,f udkqdwfzGm;a& . . .NyD;awmhvJ NyD;wmygyJ? [J . . .[J tm;vHk; tJ'Dtwdkif;yJ? NyD;awmhvJ NyD;wmygyJ}} [k
udkt*Fgu ajymav\/
]]a[h . . .vmoGm;r,f? bmvJ NyD;awmhvJ NyD;wmygyJ? t"dym,fr&Sd bmr&Sd}} [k qdkum ykvdyfrsm;onf
uREkfyfwdkYtm; aqmifhqGJ ac:oGm;Muavawmh\/
ykvdyfrsm;onf axmifbl;a&SUwGif&Sdaom armfawmfum;ay:odkY wufapNyD;vQif &efukefqdyfurf;odkY ac:oGm;av\/
&efukefqdyfurf;a&mufvQif ormefwpfpD;ay:odkY wufapum 'vbufodkY ul;av\/ 'vodkYa&mufonfhtcg
acgif;aqmifvkyfaom ykvdyfu uREkfyfESifh udkt*FgwdkY\ vufxdyfrsm;ukdaomhjzKwf ay;NyD;aemuf vlpdrf;wpfa,mufeSifh
awGUqHkay;av\/ xdkvlpdrf;u . . .
]]uJ . . .q&mudkt*FgwdkY oGm;csifwJhae&mudk ajymyg? twwfEdkifqHk; vkdufydkYyghr,f? usKyfwdkYuawmh
axmifxJrSmuwnf;u q&mudkqdwfzGm;&JU wynfhawG jzpfcJhavawmh q&mudkqdwfzGm;cdkif;wJhtwdkif; pGefYpm;NyD; ulnD&wmygyJ}}
[k qdkav\/
]]NyD;awmhvJ NyD;wmygyJAsm? aeprf;ygOD; . . . cifAsm;u b,folvJ}} [k udkt*Fgu ar;av\/
]]uRefawmf Adkvfwufwdk;yg? 'De,fuawmh uRefawmhe,fr[kwfygbl;? Adkvfrdk;&JU e,fyg? olwdkY tultnDvJ
,l&ygw,f? tpDtpOfuawmh q&mudkqdwfzGm;&JU tpDtpOfaygh cifAsm? axmifaNymif; 0&rf;twkeJY xkwfwJhenf;aygh cifAsm?
om,m0wDaxmifu axmifajy;0&rf;yHkpHeJY w&m;olBuD; vufrSwftwk? wHqdyfwHk;twkeJY xkwf&wmyg? q&mudkqdwfzGm;u
odyfNyD; Pfajy;wJhvl cifAs}}
(rSwfcsuf/
/ vGwfvyfa&;&NyD; acwfuvnf; a*smhat&Gefac: jrifhodef;qdkonfh w&m;cHwpfOD;onf enf;jzifh
vGwfoGm;aMumif; Mum;zl;ygonf/ ,cktcg a&S;uxuf tusOf;Xmersm;taeESifh pepfusaeNyD jzpf&m enf;rsKd;udk toHk;jyK
r&aMumif; today;tyfygonf/)
udkt*Fgonf Adkvfwufwdk;\ pum;udk em;axmifNyD;aemuf . . .
]]'DaeY paeaeYaemf Adkvfwufwdk;}} [k ar;jref;av\/
]][kwfygw,f . . .q&mudkt*Fg q&mudkqdwfzGm;u 'DuaeYudk a&G;ay;vdkufwmuawmh cifAsm;wkdYudk
vdrfNyD;xkwfwJhaerSm Hk;aeYw0ufydwfw,f? eufjzefusawmh wpfaeYvHk;ydwfw,f r[kwfvm;? tJ'Dawmh cifAsm;wdkY
ajy;wJhae&mrSm vGwfvGwfvyfvyf ajy;&wmaygh? q&mudkqdwfzGm;&JU Pfav [m; . . .[m;}}
udkt*Fgonf Adkvfwufwdk;ESifh wkdifyifNyD;aemuf avSwpfpif;? &nf&Snfpm;aomuf&ef tpm;taomufrsm;ESifh
aiGtenf;udk Adkvfwufwdk;xHrSyif awmif;,lav\/ Adkvfwufwdk;vnf; if;\ q&mBuD;udkqdwfzGm;u rnfodkYrnfyHk
TefMum;xm;onf roday/ udkt*Fgawmif;orQudk ysmysmovJ &Smay;avonf/
xdkYaMumifh uRekfyfESifh udkt*FgwdkYonf 'vNrdKUteD; ydwfpG,f[laom &GmrSae ntcg jrpfaMumif;twdkif;
avSmfcyfoGm;Muavawmh\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

NyD;awmhvnf; NyD;wmygyJ
uREkfyfESifh udkt*FgwdkYonf avSi,fuav; wpfpif;jzifh &ufaygif;rsm;pGm avSmfcyf oGm;aeMuav\/ tcsKdUaom
NrdKUrsm; udkt*FgESifh uREkfyfonf kyfzsufum urf;ay:odkYwuf vSnfhvnfoGm;vmum vdktyfaom pm;eyf&dumrsm;udk
0,f,lav\/ wpfaeYo uRekfyfwdkY\ avSonf qdyfurf;NrdKUuav;wpfNrdKUodkY a&muf&SdcJh&m udkt*FgESifh uREkfyfonf
urf;ay:wuf pm;eyf&dumrsm; 0,f,lav\/
udkt*Fgonf pm;eyf&dumrsm;udkom r[kwfbJ xif;I;aowmBuD;ESpfvHk;ESifh BudK;rsm;? qyfjymrsm;? zJxkyfrsm;?
ysm;za,mif;rsm;? EG,fomuD rJe,frIefY? [oFmjy'g;paom ta&mifqdk;onfh ypnf;tawmfrsm;rsm; 0,f,lvmav\/
udkt*Fgonf xdkypnf;rsm;udk 0,f,lcJhNyD;aemuf opfyif&dyfaumif;aumif;&Sdaomae&m avSudk qdyfxm;NyD;vQif
xdkypnf;rsm;jzifh tvkyfIyfvsufSdav\/ udkt*Fg tvkyfIyfaeojzifh uRekfyfu xrif;[if;csufjyKwf&av\/
udkt*Fgonf xrif;pm;csdef a&mufonfhtcg xrif;udk uysmu,m NyD;atmifpm; aq;ayghvdyfwpfvdyfudk cJum
tvkyfrsm; quf vkyfjyef\/ naeapmif;onfh tcg udkt*Fgonf jyKvkyfzG,f&mtvkyfrsm; NyD;qHk;oGm;[efwlayonf/
if;vkyfudkifaom ypnf;rsm;tm; xif;I;aowmESpfvHk; xnfh qdkif;BudK;rsm;wyfum xrf;ydk;jzifh xrf;av\/ NyD;vQif
armif;uav;wpfvHk;udk w'l'l xkESufum . . .
]]rdwfaqGwdkY? a&mif;&if;wdkY? ta':BuD;? ta':av;wdkY? tpfrBuD; tpfrav;wdkY? armifausmif;om;wdkYAsm; . . .
rMunfhvdkuf&r&SdapeJY? uRefawmf armifrdk;oD;onf qkwd? qr&wdtwxm0&? yuwd 0g*Depf? *Pdwm? usrf;vmtwdkif;
t|m&o wpfq,fh&Spf&yfaom ynmwdkYwGif rm,mwk qdktyfaom rsufvSnfhqdkonfh ynm&yf q&maumif;xHenf;emcH
ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm avhvmoif,l wwfajrmufcJhygonf/ xdkynmwdkYtm; ,cktcsdef r*Fvm wdrfrdvmuif;onfh vjynfh0ef;vdk
xif&Sm;pGm jyygawmhrnf cifAsm;}} [k toHae toHxm;ESifh Gwfqdkvdkufav\/
]]b,fvdkvJ . . .udkt*Fg? cifAsm;u rsufvSnfhq&m udkrdk;oD;qdkNyD; rsufvSnfh jyawmhrvdkYvm;}} [k uREkfyfu
ar;av\/
]][kwfw,f udkat;aqmif? usKyfu rsufvSnfhq&mrdk;oD;tjzpfeJY rsufvSnfhjyr,f? cifAsm;u usKyf&JU wynfhtjzpf
okyfaqmif&r,f? usKyfwdkY[m &mZ0wf ab;u xGufajy;vmwJh 0&rf;ajy;awGjzpfw,f? te,fe,ft&yf&yfudk vSnfhvnf
a&Smifwdrf; ae&rSmqdkawmh 'Denf;[m taumif;qHk;yJ? pm;zdkYaomufzdkYuawmh &aerSmyJ? usKyf&JU pdwful;uawmh {&m0wD
jrpfdk;wpfavQmuf qefwufoGm;NyD; cifAsm;wdkY&JU yGifhjzLNrdKUudk oGm;r,f}}
]]bmvkyfzdkY oGm;rSmvnf; udkt*Fg}}
]]udkrdk;oD;vdkY ac:prf;ygAs? tif; . . .tif; . . . cifAsm;udkvJ emrnf aNymif;ay;&OD;r,f}}
]][kwfw,f . . . [kwfw,f . . . ajymif;ay;prf;yg q&mudkrdk;oD;&,f}} [k uREkfyfu tavmwBuD; ajymav\/
]]cifAsm; enfrnfudk Mo& vdkYac:r,f}} [k udkt*Fgu qdkav\/
]]bmjzpfvdkYvJAs}} [k uRekfyfu ar;av\/
]]tHhMoavmufatmifrsm;jym;wJh &wemawGudk &rSmrdkYvdkYayghAsm}} [k udkt*Fgu jyefajymav\/
]]&wemawG&r,f? [kwfvm;}} [k uREkfyfu ajym&m udkt*Fgu . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]'gayghAs . . . cifAsm;taz tESpfESpf tvvBudK;pm;&SmazGNyD; r&cJhwJh ypnf;awGudk cifAsm;&r,fav? 'gaMumifh


cifAsm;aecJhwJh yGifhjzLNrdKUudk oGm;NyD; cifAsm;taz tNrJaqmifwJh "m;ajrmifuav;udk &atmif&Sm&r,f udkMo&a&? [J . . .[J}} [k
udkrdk;oD;ac: udkt*Fgu ajymav\/
uREkfyf\ rdwfaqGBuD; udkt*Fgac: rsufvSnfhq&mudkrdk;oD;rSm xdkaeYtzdkY vGefpGmtmoGufvQmoGuf jzpfae\/
aysmf&TifaeyHkvnf; &\/
]]aeprf;ygOD; udkrdk;oD;&,f . . .cifAsm;u rsufvSnfhjyawmh usKyfu bmvkyf&rSmvJ} [k uREkfyfu ar;&av\/
]]cifAsm;u usKyf&JU wynfhtjzpfeJY usKyfcdkif;wmudk vkyf&r,f? 'gtwGufawmh rylygeJY? usKyfoifay;yghr,f
udkMo&&,f}} [k udkrdk;oD;u ajymav\/
uRekfyfwdkYESpfOD;onf txufygtwdkif; ajymqdkMuNyD;npmxrif;udk pm;aomufMuNyD;aemuf jrpfdk;twdkif;
qefwufoGm;aMuav\/ wpfa,mufwpfvSnfhpD avSmfcyfMu&av\/ avSay:yif rsufvSnfh jy&rnfh tpDtpOfrsm;udk
udkrdk;oD;u ZmwfwdkufouJhodkY pDpOfoifjyay;av\/
jynfNrdKUoddkYa&mufvQif uREkfyfwdkYonf avSudk vHkNcHK&m qdkuf csnfaESmifcJhNyD;vQif jynfa&TqHawmf bk&m;teD;odkY
oGm;a&muf uRekfyfwdkY\ aowmESpfvHk;udkcsum uREkfyfu armif;xkav\/
armif;oHw'l'lESifhtwl udkrdk;oD;onf aowmay: rwfwyf&yfum rsufvSnfhMunfh&ef y&dowfudk zdwfac:av\/
tpyxr uav;rsm;om vma&mufav\/ uav;rsm;rSwpfqifh vli,f? vlvwf? vlBuD;? rdef;r? bkef;BuD; pHkvif
vmav\/ uREkfyfonf wkwfjzifh ajrBuD;udk jcpf pnf;wm;vdkuf&av\/
uRekfyfu pnf;wm;0dkif;cJhNyD;onfhtcg udkrdk;oD;onf tkef;rIwfcGufjzifh jyKvkyfxm;aom BudK;ESpfacsmif;omygonfh
ua,mudkxkwf xdk;jyav\/ wa,mxdk;NyD;aemuf taygufajcmufaygufomyg&Sdonfh
yavGudk rIwfjyef\/ xdkodkY
jyKvkyfNyD;aemuf rSefwGif;rS jrwfpGmbk&m;<uvmyHk? oHyk&moD;twGif;rS aoG;rsm;xkwfjyyHk? zJxkyftwGif;rS wpfzJav;csyftm;
trdefYay; xGufvmapyHk? uREkfyftm; aoway:wGif tdyfcdkif;NyD;vQif AdkufcGJ tlrsm;xkwfjyyHkpaom rsufvSnfhrsm;udk
jyoav\/ NyD;vQif uav;wpfa,muftm; pm&GufjzLwpf&Gufudkay; za,mif;wdkif rD;uifap&m ]NyD;awmhvJ NyD;wmygyJ}
[laom pmwef;ay: vmNyD;vQif rsufvSnfh0dkif;udk odrf;vdkufav\/
aemufqHk;jyaomenf;rSm uav;rsm; vGefpGm oabmusaomenf; jzpfayonf/ xdkodkYjyo&eftwGuf uREkfyfwdkYonf
qyfjymESifh MuufoGefeDudk a&m axmif;xm;&av\/ xdkMuufoGefeDESifhqyfjym axmif;xm; &aomt&mESifh
puLay:wGifa&;xm;&av\/ xdkodkY a&; xm;&m pmudkrjrif&ay/ rD;jzifh uifvdkufonfhtcgrSom pmay:vm\/
vlBuD;vli,fra&G; oabmusaom tjcm;jyuGufwpfckrSm q&mudkrdk;oD;u ausmufoifykef;ay:wGif ajrjzLjzifh
tdk;kyfudka&; *gxmref;vdkufonfhtcg a&;xm;aom tdk;kyfu vIyf&Sm;ujyjcif;jzpfayonf/ xdkenf;rSmvnf; rodvQif
vGefpGmqef;ayonf/ trSefpifppftm;jzifh ausmufoifykef;ay:wGif uwfjym;teufjzifh jyKvkyfxm;aom tdk;kyfuav;
wyfqifxm;jcif;om jzpfayonf/ q&mudkrdk;oD;u xdkuwfjym;teufkyfuav;\ EIwfcrf;wpfavQmuf ajrjzLjzifh vdkuf
a&;om;um y&dowftm; axmifjyav\/ xdkYaemuf q&mudkrdk;oD;u . . .
]][Jh . . .igzefqif;wJh emembm0? 0dembm0? xygawmhvm;? uygawmhvm;}} [k aigufvdkuf ausmufoifykef;\
wpfzufwGif&Sdaom BudK;pudk qGJvdkuf&m tdk;kyfonf xuavawmh\
MunfhIaom y&dowfrSm oabmus ESpfoufolu ESpfouf ouJhodkY aMumufvefYolu aMumufvefYMuav\/
bkef;BuD;wpfyg;uqdkvQif ][ . . .atmufvrf;q&mawGyJuG} [k qdkum xGufoGm;av\/
uREkfyfwdkYonf odkYvQif wpf&Gm0if wpf&GmxGuf rsufvSnfh jyo wa&GUa&GUqefwufcJhMu&m rif;bl;odkY
a&mufcJhMuav\/
rif;bl;NrdKUodkY a&mufvQif q&mudkrdk;oD;onf uREkfyftm; pudEJbk&m;teD;&Sd Z&yfay: xm;cJhNyD;vQif yGifhjzLNrdKUodkY
rsuvSnfhq&mtoGifjzifh wpfa,mufwnf; xGufcGmoGm;av\/ trSefpifppftm;jzifh uREkfyfzcif udkifaqmifcJhaom "m;ajrmifudk
&Edkif&efrSm vG,fulaomt&mr[kwfaMumif; oabmaygufrdayonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xdk"m;ajrmiftm; uRekfyfzcif\
rdwfaqGqdkol
vlBuD;onf
uREkfyfwdkYxufOD;pGm
BudK;pm;
&SmazGvsuf&SdaomaMumifh
wpfaMumif;?
xdkYjyif
xdk"m;ajrmiftm;rnfolrnf0g ,loGm;onfudk uREkfyfudk,fwdkifu rodaomaMumifh wpfaMumif; jzpfayonf/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf oHk;&ufwdkifwdkif xGufoGm;NyD;aemuf jyefa&mufvmav\/ ol\ rsufESmonf 0if;y
&Tifvef;aeyHk&ojzifh uREkfyfu . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]b,fvdkvJ q&mudkrdk;oD;? [efuscJhNyDvm;}} [k ar;vdkuf&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u atmufygtwdkif; ajzqdkav\/


]][efusw,fvdkY qdk&rSmayghAsm? 'gayr,fh vufxJawmh ra&mufao;bl;? tJ'gu uRefawmf
enf;enf;av;owdvufvGwfoGm;vdkYygAsm? 'gayr,fh &rSmygyJ? wpfvtwGif; tJ'Dypnf;[m usKyfwkdYvufudk a&muf&r,f}} [k
udkrdk;oD;u ajymvkdufav\/
]]'gjzifh 'Dypnf;&JU oJvGefpudk &cJhNyDaygh}} [k uRekfyfu jyefar;&m . . .
]]oJvGefp&cJhwm r[kwfbl;? yGifhjzLNrdKUudk a&mufNyD;rS usKyfu pOf;pm;rdwm? 'Dypnf;[m cifAsm;taz&JU
tdk;jymtdk;udk ,loGm;wJh yifpifpm;ausmif;q&mBuD; OD;aoG;qDrSm &SdzdkY aocsmw,f? cifAsm;udk zrf;oGm;wJh vlBuD;awGu
yGifhjzLrSmawmh ESYHatmif&SmNyD;NyD? 'Dypnf;udk &roGm;bl;}} [k udkrdk;oD;u jyefajymav\/
]]'Dvdkqdk&if b,fvdkvkyfMurvJ}} [k uREkfyfu jyefar;vdkuf&m . . .
]]&efukefudk jyefMur,fav}} [k udkrdk;oD;u jyef ajymav\/
txufygtwdkif; uREkfyfwdkYESpfOD; wdkifyifajymqdkaeMupOf vlwpfa,mufonf uREkfyfwdkY&Sd&m omvm,HZ&yfqDodkY
wpdkufpdkufjzifh vma&mufaeonfudk awGU&av\/
]]q&mudkrdk;oD;a& . . . [dkrSm vlwpfa,mufvmaew,fAsKdU? MunfhvkyfygOD;}} [k ajymvdkuf&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u
xdkvltm; wpfcsufrQ vSrf;MunfhvkdufNyD;aemuf. . .
]]aumfwmyJAsKdU? q&mudkqdwfzGm;vTwfvdkufwJhvlAs}} [k ajymav\/
]]aeygOD;? cifAsm;u b,fvdkvkyf odEdkifovJ}}
]]nmzuf ajccsif;0wfrSm oHBudK;cwfxm;cH&vdkY yGef;aewJh 'Pf&mawGUw,f r[kwfvm;? 'Dtcsuf[m
axmifxGufwpfa,mufvdkY azmfjyaew,f? usKyfwdkYudkvJ axmifajy;awGqdkwm wwftyfaocsmodwJhyHkeJY vmyHkaxmuf&if
udkqdwfzGm;&JU pmcRefawmfyJ jzpf&r,f}}
q&mudkrdk;oD;u txufygtwdkif; &Sif;jyaepOfyif xdkolonf uRekfyfwdkY&Sd&m Z&yfteD;odkY a&mufvmNyD;vQif
uREkfyfwdkYtm; vSrf; . . .
]]NyD;awmhvJ NyD;wmygyJ}} [k EIwfqufav\/
xdkpum;rSm q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh udkqdwfzGm;wdkY\ tbd"rmqefaom pum;jzpfayonf/ xdkvlu EIwfquf&if;
Z&yfay:odkY wufvmNyD;aemuf . . .
]]ya&mfzufqmBuD;u vTwfvdkufvdkYAs? cifAsm;wdkY aqmifzdkY tvGeftifrwefpGrf;wJh tif;jym;av;ESpfcsyfvJ
csay;vdkufw,f? a[m'DrSm}} [k qdkum vnfyif; taygufazmuf qGJxm;aom aMu;jym;tif;ESpfcsyfudk jzKwfay;avonf/
uREkfyfvnf; tif;jym;udk ,l Munfhrdav\/ tif;jym;rsm;rSm atmufygyHkpHtwdkif; jzpfayonf/
um;

xyf

ZSm
zg;

Sd

dk

ajzmif

BCd;

N'D;

'dk

Z,f

Apf

a*g
!pf

!Gm;

ab;

uRekfyfrSm xdktif;csyfrsm;udk Munfh ]q&mudkqdwfzGm;um; igwdkYtm; vrf;c&D; tE&m,fuif;ap&ef tif;csyfrsm;


pD&if ay;vdkufonf} [k aus;Zl;wifrdav\/ udkt*Fgonf xdktif;ESpfcsyfudk aocsmpGmMunfhNyD;aemuf tif;csyfrsm;
,lvmaomoltm; . . .
]]rif;emrnf dkopfr[kwfvm;}} [k ar;vdkufav\/
xdkvluvnf; tm;&0rf;omjzifh . . .
]][kwfygw,fcifAs? usKyfemrnf dkopfyg}} [k ajzav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]rif;q&m udkqdwfzGm;uawmhjzifh
prf;oyfMunfh&OD;r,f}}

rif;udk

w,fNyD;

csD;usL;xm;ygvm;?

wdkYuawmh

r,HkEdkifao;bl;uG?

[k q&mudkrdk;oD;u aq;ayghvdyfudkzGm&if; xdkoltm; tuJprf;ovdk ar;jref;vdkuf&m xdkolonf wpfpHkwpf&m jyef


rajymbJ uREkfyfcsufxm;onfh xrif;tdk;udkzGifh csOf&nftdk;twGif;rS csOf&nf[if;rsm;udk avmif;xnfhum vlESpfa,mufpm
xrif;tm; Nrdef,SufpGmjzifh pm;aomufav\/ uREkfyfrSm xdkol\ tjyKtrludk em;rvnfEdkifaomfvnf; q&mudkrdk;oD;rSmrl
oabmusvGef; [uf[ufyufyuf &,farmNyD;vQif jcif;axmif;twGif;rS ikwfoD;pdrf;txkyfuav;udk xkwf,l xdkol\
a&SUarSmufodkY csay;vdkuf&m xdkolonf ikwfoD;pdrf; tawmifhESpfq,favmuftm; 0g;pm; ypfvdkufavawmh\/ xdkYaemuf
ikwfoD;pdrf; pyfvGef;ojzifh SL&SJSL&SJjzifh atmf[pfum a&aomuf qufvufpm;aomuf&m xrif;a&m [if;yg vHk;0
ajymifpif oGm;avawmh\/
xrif;pm;NyD;onfhtcg q&mudkrdk;oD;u aq;ayghvdyf wpfvdyfay;vdkuf&m xdkolonf tm;&0rf;om vSrf;
,lNyD;vQif rD;dSdIufzGm&if; . . .
]]NyD;awmhvJ NyD;wmygyJAsm}} [k ajymav\/
xdktcg udkt*Fgu . . .
]]rif;[m q&mqdwfzGm;&JU wynfhawmh yDoygw,fuGm? igvdkcsifwJh ar;cGef;udk wpfcsufckwf ESpfcsufjywf
ajzvdkufwmyJ}} [k auseyfpGm NyHK;&,f ajymvdkufavonf/
uREkfyfrSm q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh ndKopfwdkYESpfOD;Mum;wGif t"dym,f em;rvnfbJ tlaMumifaMumifjzpf aeojzifh
t"dym,fod&eftwGuf ar;jref;&avawmh\/
]]q&mudkrdk;oD; usKyfudkvJ wpfqdwfavmuf &Sif;prf;ygOD;}}
]]'DvdkavAsm? usKyfu olYudk prf;Munfh&oD;r,fvdkY ajymvdkdufawmh olu usKyfwdkYpm;r,fh xrif;eJY [if;awGa&m
usKyfay;wJh ikwfoD;awGyg tukefpm;ypfvdkufw,f r[kwfvm;}}
]]tif;av . . .'gawmh usKyfvJ awGUom;yJ? t"dym,fom rodwmAs}}
]]t"dym,fu 'DvdkAs? ol[m tpm;taomufudkom ukefatmif pm;wwfwJhvlyg? pum;udkawmh ukefatmif
rajymyg&apeJYvdk jyvdkufwmyJ? 'gaMumifh tpm;ukefatmifpm;r,fqdkwJhaumif? ikwfoD;awGyg ukefatmifpm;qdkNyD;
ikwfoD;awGyg csay;vdkufwm? 'DaumifvJ usKyfwdkYvdk axmifxGufwpfa,mufyJAs? xrif;rpm;&wm . . . ]]
]]av;&uf&SdygjyD}} [k ndopfu 0if ajymvdkufjcif;jzpf\/
ndKopfajymNyD;aemuf q&mudkrdk;oD;u quf ajymjyefonfrSm . . .
]]usKyfar;wJh pum;udk ajzNyD;om;jzpf?
ajzvdkufyHkuav;awmh oabmusw,fAsKdU}}

olvJ

pm;NyD;om;jzpfatmif

wpfcsufckwf

ESpfcsufjywfjzpfatmif

]]tif;csyfuav;awGu bmvJAs? q&mudkrdk;oD;}} [k uREkfyfu ar;&m . . .


]]q&mudkqdwfzGm;u usKyfwdkYudk ay;vdkufwJhpmav? 'Dpma&;enf;u tif;uGufoGm;ovdk jrif;oGm;eJYa&;xm;wm?
wpfckyJ 0Sufxm;w,f? tJ'guawmh uBuD; cacG; Asnf; 33 vHk; &SdwJhteufrSm xqifxl;udk xkwfNyD; 16vHk;
ajymif;jyefvkyfNyD;a&;xm;wm 'DvdkAsm? Munfh}} [k qdkum uHhulqHjzifh Murf;jyifay:wGif atmufygtwdkif; a&;jyavonf/
u

ps

'

"

&

w
x
t

xdkodkY a&;jyNyD;aemuf q&mudkrdk;oD;u &Sif;jyjyefonfrSm . . .


]]tJ'Dawmh uBuD;udk a&;csif&if 'a'G;udk tpm;xdk;NyD; a&;vdkufHkayghAsm? 'Denf;eJY tif;csyfESpfcsyfrSm
q&mudkqdwfzGm;a&;vdkufwJhpmu 'Dtwdkif;r[kwfvm;As}} [k qdkum Burf;jyif wpfzufygtwdkif; a&;jyjyefav\/

rif;odcF

'g;

xyf

rSm
ig;

r,f

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

&Sd

ndK

ajrmif

NyD;

BuD;

udk

opf

ac:
opf

oGm;

aq;

uREkfyfonf q&mudkrdk;oD; a&;jyonfudk zwfMunfhNyD;aemuf . . .


]]q&mudkrdk;oD; . . . 'Dvdkqdkawmh yxrtif;csyfu "m;ajrmif ig;xyfBuD;rSm &Sdr,fvdkY t"dym,f&wmayghaemf}}
]]'gaygh udkMo&&,f}} [k 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jyef ajymvdkufav\/
q&mudkrdkoD;uvnf; "m;ajrmifonf ig;xyfBuD;bk&m;wGif&Sdrnf[k cefYrSef;ouJhodkY q&mudkqdwfzGm;uvnf;
axmifwGif;rS xdktwdkif; xyfwlxyfrQ cefYrSef;vdkufyHk/ xdkolESpfOD;\ PfoGm;jcif;wlnDMuyHkudk vGefpGmtHhMordavawmh\/
uREkfyfwdkY oHk;OD;onf xdkZ&yfay:yif ig;&ufcefY em;aewnf;cdkNyD;aemuf jrpfaMumif;twdkif; jyef
pkefqif;vmcJhavonf/ vrf;rsm;vnf; pm;a&;aomufa&;twGuf uRekfyfwdkYonf rsufvSnfhjyjcif; rjyK&awmhay/ ndKopfu
zdk;olawmfvdk 0wfqif GmpOfavQmufum tvSLcHavonf/ uREkfyfESifh q&mudkrdk;oD;u vHkNcHK&mwGif avSqdkuf
ndKopf&SmazGcJhorQ csufjyKwfpm;aomufMu&av\/ uJhodkY jyKvkyf&jcif;rSm uREkfyfwdkYonf ajy;rsm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh
twwfEdkifqHk;
vlawGUrcH&atmif
a&Smif&ayrnf/
ndKopfrSmrlum;
axmifrSvGwf&ufaph
vGwfvmaom
dk;dk;axmifxGufwpfa,mufrQomjzpfojzifh if;taeESifh vlawGUcHvnf; taMumif;r[kwfaomaMumifh jzpfayonf/
uREkfyfwdkYonf ntcgrsm; wpfnvHk; avSjzifh pkef eHeufa&mufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf avSudk oifhawmf&m
t&dyfaumif;aumif;wGif qdkufuyfxm;vdkuf\/ xdktcg ndKopfonf zdk;olawmfuJhodkY 0wfqifum aMu;pnfuav;
waemifaemif acgufvsuf . . .
pdwfapwoduf? kyfedAmef? t>rufjy? y&rwoabm tpOfIxkwfum avmabmtwm eZmewda'gaom
twmeZmemwd? arma[m"r eywd ydwfqD;aom 0g[memaMumifh t[rf; . . .t[rf; . . .t[rf; zdk;olawmfarmifygy
a&mufvmygNyD? vSLa&;wef;a&;vufraES;eJY [k &Gwfqdkum xGufoGm;av\/ ndKopfonf tjcm;aom pmrsm;udk cyfvHk;vHk;qdk
vSLa&;wef;a&;vufraES;eJY [laom pum;udkrl us,favmifpGm atmf[pfav\/
odkY atmf[pf&Gwfqdkum xGufoGm;NyD;vQif naeydkif;avmufwGif jyefvmav\/ jyefvmvQifvnf;
qdkif;xrf;rsm; bl;oD;? c&rf;oD;? qef? ig;yd? ig;ajcmuf? qD? aq;vdyf? Za,mif;wkdifygrusef jynfhpHkpGmyg vmonfcsnf;
jzpfav\/
ndKopfjyefvmonfh tcg csufjyKwfaMumfavSmfp&m&SdonfwdkYudk csufjyKwfaMumfavSmf npmrsm; pm;aomufum
avSNzifh pkefMu&av\/
uREkfyfwdkonf ntcgrsm;wGif avSNzifh at;csrf;pGm c&D;oGm;Mu&m aysmf&TifzG,f MunfEl;zG,f aumif;vSayonf/
q&mudkrdk;oD;u aemufrSae yJhudkifav\/
uREkfyfeSifh
yifyef;jcif;r&SdvSay/

ndKopfu

wpfvSnfhpD

a&SUrS

avSmfMu&avonf/

a&pkefjzpf

avSmfcwf&onfrSm

rsm;pGm

ndKopfonf ykpmtrsKd;rsKd;udk ar;av\/ ar;orQykprsm;udk q&mudkrdk;oD;u 'dkifcH ajzqdkav\/ uREkfyfrSmrl


em;axmifoloufoufrQom jzpfayonf/ ndKopfu ar; q&mudkrdk;oD;ajzqdkcJhaom ar;cGef;rsm;teuf uREkfyfrSwfrdaom
ar;cGef;ESifh tajzudk azmfjyaytHh/
ndKopf

/ q&mudkrdk;oD;&,f vl&,fvdkYjzpfvm&if 0ifouf xGufoufudk SLcsnf xkwfcsnf vkyfae&wmcsnf;ygyJ?


aorSyJ tJ'Dtvkyfudk &yf&awmhw,f? 'Dawmh vlYb0udk &vQif&csif;rSm 0ifoufudk SLovm;? 'grSr[kwf
xGufoufudk SLovm;qdkwmudk odcsifw,fAsm?

q&mrdk;oD; /

/ 0denf;t|uxmrSm xGufoufu tpjyKw,fvdkY qdkw,fuG/

ndKopf

/ usKyfwdkYbk&m;ocifudk tyfawmf b,foluvSLwmvJAs?

q&mrdk;oD; /

/ C#dum&jA[muyfvSLwJh y&du&m&Spfyg;rSm tyfvnf; ygw,fvdkY qdkxm;w,f/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

ndKopfu txufyg ykpmrsKd;udk ar;jref;NyD;aemuf rauseyfao;ojzifh . . .


]]vlysKdempOf? &dr,SOf? rcsOftjrpf?b,faq;enf;}} [laom vuFmjzifh vlysKdemjzpfvQif aomufrnfhaq;enf;udk
ar;jref;vdkufav\/ ndKopf\ tar;vuFmqHk;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf q&mudkrdk;oD;u . . .
]]ukvm;rsufpd? ac:bdjrpfa&? usKdaomufayu? &da&T&djzL? &deDrlvnf;? jrLrNidwG,f? csrf;omvG,f\}} [k
vlysKdemaq;enf;udk &Gwfqdk jyvdkufav\/ vlysKdemjzpfvQif ukvm;rsufpdyif\ tjrpfudkusKd aomufygu
aysmufuif;csrf;omayrnf[k qdkvdkayonf/
uREkfyfrSm q&mrdk;oD;\ ynmpGrf;udk vGefpGm oabmusrdavawmh\/ tm;vnf; tm;usrdayonf/ xdkYaMumifh
uREkfyfvnf; xdkuJhodkY ajzEdkif&ef rnfodkYrnfyHk avhvm&rnfudk ar;jref;&avawmh\/
]]q&mudkrdk;oD;a& . . . cifAsm;uawmhjzifh w,fvJ awmfygvm;Asm? pum;yHkuawmh tar;EGm;ausmif;om;vdkY
qdkxm;w,f? cifAsm;eJYusrS tajzEGm;ausmif;om;&,fvdkY jyif&awmhrvdkyJ? cifAsm;vdk 'dk;'dk;a'gufa'guf ajzEdkifatmif
b,fvdkrsm; avhvm&yghrvJAsm}} [k uREkfyfu ajymvdkuf&mn q&mudkrdk;oD;onf udkifxm;aom avSmfwufudk cs aq;vdyfudk
rD;dSvdkufNyD;aemuf . . .
]]pG,fpHkausmfxifusrf;udk zwf&w,fAs}} [k ajymav\/
rSwfcsuf /
jzpfygonf/

/ aemufqHk;ar;aom ykpmrSm pG,fpHkausmfxifusrf; (tOf) um&ef ykpm(18) yk'fteuf trSwf(16) ykpm


pma&;ol

odkYvQif uREkfyfwdkYoHk;OD;onf ntcgrsm; avSudk pkef&if; ndKopfu ykpmrsKd;pHkudkar; q&mudkrdk;oD;uvnf;


ar;orQ ykpmwdkYudk ajzqdkum ysif;&djcif;udk ajzazsmufMu&av\/
ae&m q&mudkrdk;oD;udk ar;cGef;xkwfEdkifaom axmifxGufndKopfudkvnf; ol\ ar;yHkprf;yHkudk axmuf
acolwpfa,muf r[kwfaMumif; uREkfyfoabmaygufrdygonf/
uREkfyfonf odkYvQif aeYtcg em; ntcgrsm; pkefcJhMu&m aemufqHk; &efukefNrdKUodkY wpfzefjyefvnf
a&mufcJhMujyef\/ &efukefodkY a&mufonfhtcg &efukefwGif txift&Sm; rae0Hhojzifh yJcl;odkY oGm;a&mufum yJcl;NrdKUt0if
usKdufyGefapwDteD; cdkuyf aeMuNyD;vQif q&mudkrdk;oD;u ndKopftm; uRekfyf\ tjzpftysufudk ajymjy uRekfyfwdkY
&SmazG&rnfh uREkfyfzcif\"m;ajrmifudk uRekfyfwdkYudk,fpm; &SmazGay;&eftwGuf ndKopftm; cdkif;apav\/
ndKopfonf uRekfyfwdkYESpfOD;\ tjzpftysuftjynfhtpHkudk od&SdcGifh&onfhtcg uGREkfyfwdkYudk,fpm; "m;ajrmifudk
r&&onfhenf;jzifh &SmazGrnf[k uwday;avonf/
xdktcg q&mrdk;oD;u . . .
]]igvJ
t*FgqdkwJhemrnfudk
azsmufNyD;
rdk;oD;vdkY
ajymif;xm;NyD?
udkat;aqmifudkvJ
emrnfajymif;xm;vdkufNyD;NyD? rif;udkvJ emrnfajymif;&OD;r,f}} [k ndKopftm; ajymvdkuf&m ndKopfu . . .

Mo&vdkY

]]vkyfyg q&mrdk;oD; MudKufovdkvkyfyg? usKyfuawmh 'Dwpfcg emrnfajymif;&&if emrnfaygif; 20 ausmfNyDAs?


t&ifwpfacguf axmifuxGufrSawmif emrnfajymif;vdkuf&ao;w,f}} [k qdkav\/ xdktcg q&mudkrdk;oD;u . . .
]]aeprf;ygOD;? rif;uaxmifudk rMumcPoGm;&wmu bmjzpfvdkYvJ}} [k ar;vdkuf&m ndKopfu . . .
]]usKyfu olcdk;avAsm}} [k ajzvdkufav\/
]][aumif& . . . rif;u rif;udk,frif; olcdk;av;bmav;eJY BuD;us,fvScsnfvm;}} [k q&mudkrdk;oD;u r,Hkovdk
ajymvdkufav\/ ol\ avoHrSm NrdKUtkyf r[kwfEdkifolwpfOD;u rdrdudk,frdrd NrdKUtkyfyg[k <um;0gvdkufojzifh
r,HkouFmyHkrsdK;jzpfav\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;\ pum;rSm uREkfyftzdkY tqef;jzpf ae\/ olcdk;u rdrdudk,fudk olcdk;yg[k ajymonfudk
tb,faMumifh r,HkMunfygoenf;/ ol\pum; rif;ukdrif; olcdk;av; bmav;eJY BuD;BuD;us,fus,f[k yg&Sdav&m olcdk;onf
rnfodkYrnfyHk BuD;us,fygoenf;[k uRekfyfonf rpOf;pm;wwfatmif &Sdavawmh\/
ndKopfuvnf; aq;vdyfwdkudk rD;dSNyD;aemuf q&mudkrdk;oD;tm; Munfh [uf[ufyufyuf &,farmum . . .
]]r,Hkr&SdygeJY q&mudkrdk;oD;&,f? usKyfu <um;NyD;ajymwm r[kwfygbl;? olcdk;rS wu,fholcdk;tppfygAs? olcdk;ynmeJY
ywfoufvdkYawmh usKyf&JU OyZ,fq&mu iawvdkY ac:wJh usKyfwdkY&Gmu olcdk;BuD;yJ? tJ'Dq&mqDrSm olcdk;ynm tajccHudk

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

oif,lNyD;awmhrS &efukefNrdKUudk wufvmwmyg? &efukefusawmh tajccHynmeJY rvHkavmufvdkY q&modef;qdkwJh q&mBuD;qDrSm


oHk;ESpfoHk;rdk; uRefcHNyD; wynfh cdk;pm;ayawmh qdkNyD; cGifhjyKvdkufrS cdk;pm;wmyg? q&modef;[m wu,fawmfwJh q&mBuD;ygyJ?
olcdk;twwfudk oifray;rDrSm tm'dE'gemuH (12) yg;udk O'uygVdt|uxmrSmygwJhtwdkif; tvGwf&atmif
usufcdkif;ygao;w,f? NyD;awmh olcdk;aumif;wpfa,muf jzpfrjzpfudk Zmwm pef;v*f wGufppf Munfhjyefao;w,f/ rsufpdudkvJ
olcdk;rsufpdrsKd; &Sdr&Sd ppfaq;ygao;w,f? tJ'Dvdk ppfaq;NyD;awmh olY&JUynmudk oifay;wmyg/ NyD;awmh ajymvdkufao;w,f?
rif;[m cdk;rpm;bJ wjcm;tvkyfvkyfpm;&ifvJ cdk;vdkY&wJh ae&maumif;? tcGifhtvrf;aumif;awGU&if cdk;r,fhaumifyJwJh? 'Dawmh
vlBuD;vlaumif; trnfcHNyD; cdk;aewmxufpm&if olcdk;trnfcHNyD; cdk;aewmu awmfygao;w,fqdkyJ? tJ'g tdrfuyfenf;?
csufjzKwfenf;? aomhzGifhenf;? azmufxGif;enf; [J . . .[J xGufajy;enf;pHkaeatmif oifay;cJhygw,f}} [k u&m;a&oGef
ajymjyav\/
xdktcg q&mudkrdk;oD;onf ndKopf\ pum;udk auseyf oGm;onfhtavsmuf . . .
]]tif;av . . .bmyJjzpfjzpf ynmwpf&yfudk ajcajcjrpfjrpf wwfuRrf;atmif q&maumif;xH enf;emcHNyD;
avhvmqnf;yl;cJhw,fqdkawmh ynmwwfvdkYac:&rSmaygh? ynmqdkwmuvJ b,fynmrS ao;w,fvdkY rqdkEdkifbl;? vdkufpm;&if
vdkufpm;oavmuf us,f0ef;wmvm;? ar;vufpeJY ar;&OD;r,f? tckvdk olcdk; ynmeJY toufarG;0rf;ausmif;aeNyDqdkawmh
aemufxyfqufNyD; ynmrsm;aum qnf;yl;ao;&JUvm;}} [k jznf;nif;pGm ajymav\/
]]tcktqifhuawmh ynm&yf&JU wu,fEke,fwJhtydkif;udka&mufoGm;NyD? oifvdkY r&awmhbl;? ynm&yf&JU
wu,fhtESpfom&udk xkwf,l pl;prf;ae&wJh tydkif;yJ? <uufwdkY? acG;wdkY? aMumifwdkY&JU cdk;0SufyHkutp wd&pmefwdkY&JU
cdk;0Sufenf;rsm;udkvJ tcgtm;avsmfpGm avhvm&ygw,f}} [k ndKopfu ajymvdkufav\/
]]w,f[kwfygvm;uG? rif;[mu pdwf0ifpm;p&mygyJ}} [k udkrdk;oD;u ajymav\/
]]cdk;0Sufjcif;qdkif&m rqHk;IH;Edkifaom avmu oabmw&m;rsm; qdkwJh usrf;wpfusrf;udkawmif jyKpkNyD;
usKyfq&mBuD;qDudk wifjyxm;w,f? q&mBuD;u usKyf&JU usrf;udk zwfNyD;&if tqifhtwef;rDNyDqdk&if usKyfudk ]olcdk;yg&*l}
bGJUudk ay;vdrfhr,f}} [k ndKopfu ajymav\/
]]olcdk;yg&*lbGJU&&if bmrsm;qufvkyfOD;rvJ}} [k udkrdk;oD;u ar;vdkufjyef\/
]]yg&*lqdkwm ynm&yf&JU wpfzufurf;udk vGefajrmufatmif wwfuRrf;wJh vlawGudk ac:wmr[kwfvm;? 'Dawmh
yg&*ljzpf&if tJ'DtvkyfeJY rywfoufawmhbl;? tJ'Dtvkyfudk pGefYvTwfvdkufawmhr,f? ynm&yfwpfckudk vdkufpm;NyD;
wpf0ufwpfjywf rawmufwpfacgufeJY rauseyfwwfwJh 0goemaMumifhvdkY qdk&rSmaygh q&mudkrdk;oD;&,f}} [k ndKopfu
ajymav\/
]]BudKufNyDuGm . . . 'DvdkrsKd;rS igu txifBuD;wmuG? uJ . . .uJ . . .rif;udk emrnfajymif;r,f? rif;udk aowmvdkY
ac:r,f? rif;vdk olcdk;wpfa,muftzdkY aowmqdkwm rif;wdkY&JU vkyfief;cGifyJ r[kwfvm;uG}}
]][kwfw,f q&mudkrdk;oD;a&? BudKufw,fAsKdU? tEGwtrnfayghAsm}}
]uJ . . .armifaowma&? igwdkYvdkcsifwJh "m;ajrmifudkawmh &atmif &SmcJhayawmh}}
]]pdwfcsyg q&mudkrdk;oD;}} [k qdkum ndKopfac: aowmonf uREkfyfwdkYESpfOD;tm; EIwfquf aysmufqHk;aeaom
"m;ajrmifudk &Sm&eftwGuf xGufoGm;avawmh\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf aowmtm; vufjy&if; ]NyD;atmifvkyfcJha[h? NyD;awmhvJ NyD;wmygyJuGm} [k ajymvdkuf&m
aowmuvnf; orifvnfjyefvSnfh . . .
]]NyD;awmhvnf; NyD;wmygyJ}} [k ajym xGufoGm;avawmh\/

udkaowm &efukefodkY xGufoGm;NyD; ESpf&ufMumaomaeY q&mudkrdk;oD;onf aps;vnf0,f&if; tajctaevnf;


avhvm&if; qdkouJhodkY yJcl;NrdKUay:odkY oGm;a&mufav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

q&mudkrdk;oD;onf eHeufudk;em&DcefYwGif xGufoGm;&m nae oHk;em&DavmufrS jyefa&mufvmNyD;vQif . . .


]]udkMo& . . .aowmvmwJhtxd rapmifhEdkifawmhbl;AsKdU? usKyfwdkYawmh ajy;MurS awmfr,f xifw,f?
pHkaxmufawGawmh ajccsif;udk vdrfaewmyJ? trSefuawmh usKyftrItwGuf r[kwfbl;? cifAsm; vGwfoGm;wmudk r&ru
&SmaeMuwmyJ? [kwf[kwf r[kwf[kwf cifAsm;udk ppf'vQdK(olvQdK) vdkY xifaeMuw,f r[kwfvm;? tJ'DtwGuf oJBuD; rJBuD;
&SmaeMuwmAs}} [k qdkav\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf rsufvSnfhjyaom aowmESpfvHk;ESifh tdk;cGufrsm;udk odrf;qnf;av\/ odrf;qnf;NyD;aemuf . . .
]]uJ . . .udkMo& oGm;r,f} [k qdkavonf/
]]oGm;wmu [kwfygNyD? aowmqdkwJhaumifeJY usKyfwdkYeJY b,fvdkvkyfNyD; qHkMurSmvJ? vGJukefawmhrSmyJ}}
]]'DtwGufawmh rylygeJY? pma&;xm;cJhr,f}} [k qdkum bk&m;twGif; tkwfeH&H atmifygtwdkif; a&; xm;cJhav\/

1 + 2 = 545 rSm aoESifhr,f/


]]q&mudkrdk;oD; 'Dvdka&;cJh&if aowmu odyghrvm;As? usKyfawmhjzifh bmrS t"dym,fr&ygbl;Asm}} [k uREkfyfu
ajymvkdufvQif q&mudkrdk;oD;onf [uf[ufyufyuf &,farm
]]aowmu cifAsm;eJY rwlbl;As? csufqdk&if em;cGufu rD;awmufwJhaumifaumifpm;rsKd;? 'Dpm[m vdk&rnf&
a&;cJhwm? ra&;cJh&ifvnf; jzpfygw,f? usKyfwdkYb,frSm &Sdw,fqdkwm olu cefYrSef;EdkifwJhvlyg}}
xdkYaemuf uREkfyfESifh q&mudkrdk;oD;wdkYonf xdkae&mudk pGefYcGm xGufcJhMuav\/ &efukefudk a&mufpOfu
wHcgonfwpfOD;tm;avSudk a&mif;cscJhaom aiGuav;tenf;i,f&Sdao;ojzifh vrf;wGif rsufvSnfhjyp&mrvdkyJ odkodkodyfodyf
c&D;oGm;EdkifMuayonf/
uREkfyfwdkYESpfOD;onf yJcl;rSae ajcusifavQmufMuNyD;aemuf vrf;blwmwpfckrSae armfvNrdKif&xm;udk
pD;cJhMuavonf/ rkwrodkYa&mufvQif armfvNrdKifbufodkY ul;oifh rul;oifh pOf;pm;NyD;aemuf q&mudkrdk;oD;\ wGufqcsuft&
armfvNrdKifbufodkYul;cJhMuNyD;vQif armfvNrdKifNrdKU&Sd ajreDukef;ocsKif; vSnfhvnf cdkuyfum aexdkifcJhMuav\/
wpfaeYo uREkfyftm; q&mudkrdk;oD;u 'l;*Pef;? aMu;*Pef; a&;yHka&;enf;udk ocsKif;tkwf*lwpfck a&;jcpf
oifay;aepOf ocsKif;tjyifbufrS rdef;uav;wpfOD;\ ]u,fMuygOD;} [laom toHudk Mum;vdkuf&ojzifh uREkfyfwdkYESpfOD;onf
toHvm&modkY ajy;xGufoGm;Mu&m jrif;vSnf;wpfpD; rdef;uav;wpfOD;tm; a,musfm;wpfoD;u qGJumvGJum vkyf
aeonfudk awGU&av\/ jrif;vSnf;orm;teD;vnf; tjcm;vlwpfa,mufu jrif;ZufBudK;udk vk udkifxm;NyD;vQif
jrif;vSnf;orm;udkyg wpfa,mufaomolu qGJ aeonfudk awGUjrif&av\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf uREkfyfuJhodkY wHkqdkif;jcif;r&SdbJ jrif;vSnf;qDodkY ta&mufajy;oGm;um xdkolrsm;tm; 0ifa&muf
owfykwfavawmh\/ q&mudkrdk;oD;\ owfyHkowfenf;rSmvnf; wpfrsKd;wpfzHk pdwf0ifpm;zG,f aumif;avonf/
]]"m;pmcHa[h}} [l atmf[pfum acG;om;tkyfronf rnf;rnf;jrif&mxGuf qGJouJhodkY qwfceJ qwfceJ
0ifa&muf 'l;jzifhwdkufjcif;? acgif;jzifh aqmifhjcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyfav\/ xdkolrsm;tm; tawmftwef txdemaeonfhtcg
uREkfyfvnf; tkwfcJusKd;rsm;jzifh 0ifa&muf xkESuf&av\/ vSnf;ay:rS rdef;uav;tm; qGJvGJaeaom vl0BuD;rSmvnf;
q&mudkrdk;oD;\ vufoD;'PfaMumifh vSnf;ay:wGifyif tdyfaysmfoGm;av\/ usefvlrsm;rSm w&GwfoDxdk; xGufajy;Mu\/
jrif;vSnf;orm;rSmvnf; aMumuftm;vefYtm;ESifh armif; ajy;&m jrif;vSnf;ay:rS vl0BuD;onf tdyfvsufom;ygoGm;av\/
uREkfyfwdkYESpfa,muf\ teD; vHkcsnftusrsm; tydkif;ydkif; twpfwpf pkwfNyJ tom;rsm; wqwfqwf
wkefaeaom jzLjzLEGJUEGJU rdef;uav;wpfOD;omvQif vGefpGm ao;i,faom oHaowmuav;wpfvHk;jzifh usef&pfcJhav\/
]]uJ . . .uJ . . . a[m[dk Z&yftuG,frSm oGm;NyD; t0wftpm;av;vJacsOD; a[m[dk Z&yfay:rSm &Sdr,f? NyD;&ifvmcJh?
bmrSraMumufeJYawmh}} [k q&mudkrdk;oD;u rSmMum; a&SUrSxGufoGm;ojzifh uREkfyfvnf; if;\aemufrS vdkufcJh&av\/
Z&yfay:a&mufvQif q&mudkrdk;oD;u . . .
]]tNidrfhoruav;eJYwlkw,fAs}} [k ajymav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

uREkfyfu . . .]] bmvJ q&mudkrdk;oD;? kyfuav;vSwmMunfhNyD; ajymwmvm;As}} [k ar;vdkuf&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u .


..
]]kyfvSwmvJ ygw,f? oHaowmvJ ygw,f/ vnfyif;rSmqGJxm;wJh xrif;ajcmuf ykvJykwD;av;vJygw,f?
NyD;awmh a[m'D ,yfawmifuav;vJygw,f}} [k qdkum ,yfawmifuav;udk jzefY jyav\/
xdkodkY
uREkfyfwdkY
pum;ajymqdkaepOfyif
xdkrdef;uav;onf
uRekfyfwdkY&Sd&modkY
a&mufvmNyD;vQif
usKHUusKHU,HkY,HkYuav;xdkif\/ xdkxdkifykHrSm tNidrfhrif;orD;rsm; xdkifyHkjzpf\/ rdef;uav;onf tom;jzL rsufvHk;rsufcHk;?
ESmwHwdkYrSm ajymp&mr&Sdatmif ajyjypfvSayonf/ qHyifrSmvnf; eufarSmif jzLaomtom;ta&tm; ydk jzLap&ef
taxmuftuljyKayonf/ uREkfyfonf xdkrdef;uav;tm; . . .
]]emrnf b,fvdkac:ovJ}} [k ar;vdkufav\/
]]rrif;jzL&,fyg}} [k rdef;uav;u ol\ nDnmvSyaom oGm;uav;rsm;udk ay:ap ajzavonf/
]]tck b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ rrif;jzL}} [k udkrdk;oD;u ar;vdkufav\/
]]uRefr&JU tNidrfhq&meJY tNidrfhxJu vljyufawGav? uRefru xm;0,fjyefr,fqdkwmudk vdkdufydkYr,f qdkNyD; . . .}}
rrif;jzLonf qufrajymyJ &yf xm;av\/
]]xm;0,fudk bmjzpfvdkY jyefrSmvJ}} [k udkrdk;oD;u quf ar;jyef\/
]]taru awmfawmfyJ rrmaewmvm;&Sif? t&ifuqdk&if uRefroGm;&maemufudk waumufaumufvdkufcJhwm?
'DESpfrvdkufEdkifwmyJ Munfhygawmh}}
uREkfyfonf quf rar;awmhyJ rrif;jzLtm; b,fvdk ulnD&ygrnfenf;[k
q&mudkrdk;oD;rSmrlwpfcsdefvHk; pum;rajymbJ rrif;jzLtm; tuJcwf MunfhIaeNyD;aemuf . . .

pOf;pm;aerdav\/

]]rrif;jzLu tNidrfhrSm acgif;aqmif rif;orD;vm;}} [k ar;av\/


rrif;jzLu . . ]]acgif;aqmifr[kwfygbl;&Sif vufaxmufyg? t&ifuawmh ajAmtNidrfhav;rSm qdkawmh
uRefrwpfa,mufwnf;yJygw,f r[kwfvm;? ajAmuvJ uRefrOD;av; wnfaxmifxm;wJhajAm? ydkNyD; wufvrf;&Sdrvm;vdkY
tNidrfhaxmifq&meJYawGUwmeJY vdkufvmwm}} [k ajymum oufjyif;csvdkufpOf q&mudkrdk;oD;u . . .
]]tJ'D tNidrfhaxmifq&mu vluvJ vlrdkuf? tNidrfhoruav;awGudkvnf; ajcawmfwif? udk,f0ef&Sdvmawmh
awmjyefydkYqdkwJhvlpm;rsKd; r[kwfvm; rrif;jzL}} [k 0ifa&mufaxmufvdkuf&m rrif;jzLu ]][kwfygo&Sif}} [k ysmysmovJ
ajymvdkufav\/
rrif;jzLonf uREkfyfwdkYESpfOD;pvHk;\ ulnDwwfyHk azmfa&TyHkudkMunfh aMumufpdwfrsm; ajyaysmufum
tm;wufvmav\/ odkY&mwGif ocsKif;Z&yf aexdkifonfudk axmuf uRekfyfwdkYtm; p@mvawGrsm; jzpfMuoavm[k
oHo,jzpfaeonfudk uREkfyfu r&dyfrdaomfvnf; q&mudkrdk;oD;u &dyfrdavonf/
]]rrif;jzL . . .usKyfemrnfu rdkoD;wJh? a[m'Dvlu udkMo&wJh? usKyfwdkYu e,fvSnfhNyD; rsufvSnfhjywJh
rsufvSnfhq&mawGyg/ rsufvSnfhq&mawGqdkvdkY atmufvrf;q&mawGqdkNyD; aMumufroGm;eJYOD;? dk;dk; yOvSnfhenf;uav;
bmav;eJY jyMuwJh olawGyg}} [k udkrdk;oD;u ajymvdkufrSyif rrif;jzL\ rsufESmuav;onf ydk 0if;yoGm;avawmh\/
]][kwfygw,f&Sif? uRefrxm;0,fudk jyefzdkY ulnDMuygOD;? uRefr wpfa,mufwnf; jyef&r,fqdk&ifawmh udkpHxl;wdkY
vdkufNyD; aESmuf,SufMuvdrfhOD;r,f? aMomf . . . udkpHxl;qdkwmu uRefr&JU tNidrfhaxmifq&mudk ajymwmyg? NyD;awmh
&SifwdkYtwGufvJ &efu at;rSm r[kwfao;bl;? olwdkYuvmBuOD;rSm 'Dawmh uRefrudkvJ vkdufydkY&if; &SifwdkYvJ xm;0,fbufrSm
rsufvSnfh avQmufNyD; NyEdkifwmaygh}} [k rrif;jzLu vQmoGuftmoGufjzifh qdkav\/ q&mudkrdk;oD;\ pdwfwGif;
rnfodkYrnfyHk&Sdrnf roday/ uREkfyfurl rrif;jzLESifh wygwnf; vdkufoGm;vdkpdwfawG ay:aygufvsuf&Sdavawmh\/
]][kwfygw,f q&mudkrdk;oD;? usKyfwdkY rrif;jzLudk vdkufydkYMu&if raumif;bl;vm;}} [k uREkfyfu vTwfceJ
ajymvdkuf&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u NyHK; . . .
]]cifAsm; aowmudk arhoGm;NyDxifw,f}} [k twnfvdkvdk aemufovdkvdk ajymvdkufrSyif "m;ajrmif&Sm&ef
uREkfyfwdkYESifh vrf;cGJoGm;aom udkaowmac: yg&*lbGJU,lvkeD;eD; olcdk;BuD;udk jyefvnf owd&rdavawmh\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

uREkfyftm; txufygtwdkif; ajymvdkufaomfvnf; q&mudkrdk;oD;onf ypnf;rsm;


rsuf&dyfjyvdkufNyD;vQif if;udk,fwdkifurl Z&yfeH&H rD;aoG;cJjzifh atmufygtwdkif; a&;om;avawmh\/

odrf;qnf;&ef

1 + 3 = 74
xdkodkYa&;NyD;aemuf rrif;jzLESifhtwl BuHK&m &GufavSjzifh xm;0,fodkY vdkufygcJhMuavawmh\/ &GufavSay:wGif
q&mudkrdk;oD;u xrif;[if;rsm; csufjyKwfav\/ rrif;jzLu pm;cgeD; tm;emojzifh . . .
]]tm;emp&mBuD; udkrdk;oD;&,f}} [k ajymavh&Sd\/ uREkfyfwdkYoHk;a,mufom; xrif;pm;aeonfh tcsdef &GufavSay:rS
a*:&if*sDukvm;wpfa,mufa&mufvmNyD;vQif . . .
]]a,rDul&mwdkY awemk}} [kar;&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u ]&,avul&} [k a*:&if*sDoHjzifh ajzqdkvdkuf&m xdkukvm;onf
NyHK; jyefoGm;NyD;vQif [if;wpfcGuf,lvmum ]&ef'D*smyul&? xdeef'd} [k ajymav\/ uREkfyfu t"dym,frodojzifh
q&mudkrdk;oD;tm;ar;Munfh&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u . . .
]]bm[if;eJY pm;ovJvdkYar;wmAs? usKyfu ig;[if;vdkYajymawmh olu olcsufwJh ig;ajcmuf[if;udk,lvmwm?
'DaumifawG ig;ajcmuf[if;csufawmh odyfaumif;wJhaumifawGAs}} [k &Sif;jyav\/ rSefayonf/ a*:&if*sD\
ig;ajcmuf[if;a&mufvmNyD;rS uREkfyfwdkYonf xrif;ydk NrdefvmMuav\/ rrif;jzLrSmvnf; a*:&if*sD[if;aMumifh rsufESmwGif
acR;uav;rsm; pdkY aeayNyD/ uRekfyfvnf; acR;pdkUvsuf&Sdaom rrif;jzL\ rsufESmuav;udk Munfh r0Edkifatmif &Sdav\/
xrif; [if;pm;NyD;aemuf q&mudkrdk;oD;onf wpfa&;tdyfav\/ tdyf&mrS Edk;vQif rrif;jzLa&csKd;&eftwGuf
a&yHk;jzifh a&iifay;av\/ rrif;jzLuvnf; tm;emvdkufwm&Sif[k yg;pyfuajymaomfvnf; a&udk 0atmifcsKd;av\/
yifv,fa&jzifh csKd;NyD;aemuf toifhygvmaom a&csKdjzifh wpfcgxyf csKd;jyef\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf
rrif;jzLtwGuf
a&iifNyD;aemuf
avS\yJhydkif;wGif&Sdaom
a*:&if*sDukvm;rsm;ESifh
oGm;a&mufa&maESmum a*:&if*sDAHkwdkudk wD;av\/ tqdkaumif;aom a*:&if*sDwpfa,mufu cRJcRJyspfyspfjzifh oDcsif;qdkav\/
oDcsif;\ t"dym,fudk rodaomfvnf; qdkyHkudkaxmuf tvGrf;oDcsif; jzpfvdrfhrnf[k uRekfyfcefYrSef;rdygonf/
uREkfyfESifh rrif;jzLwdkYomvQif ae&m twlwuG xdkifvQuf pum;ajymqdkaeMuav\/ xdkYaMumifh uREkfyfonf
q&mudkrdk;oD;xuf rrif;jzLESifh ydk &if;ESD;cGifh &av\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;rSmrl npm pm;cgeD;rS uREkfyfwdkY&Sd&modkY jyefvmNyD;vQif npmpm;av\/ nbufodkYa&mufvQif
vuav;uvnf;omojzifh yifv,fc&D;rSm vGrf;qGwfzG,f&m aumif;vSawmh\/
uREkfyfonf rdcifBuD;tm; vGrf;qGwfrdav\/ rif;bl;NrdKUodkYa&muf&SdNyD;umrS rdcifBuD;ESifh rawGUbJ jyefcJh&jcif;
twGufvnf; ydk pdwfraumif;jzpfrdav\/ rrif;jzLrSmvnf; awmfawmfESifh tdyf raysmfEdkif&SmbJ aumif;uifjyifudk Munhf
ai;armaeonfudk awGU&avonf/
uREkfyfwdkYonf txuf azmfjycJhonfhtwdkif; &GufavSBuD;jzifh c&D;xGufcJhMu&m
xm;0,fNrdKU o&ufacsmif;qdyfurf;odkY uREkfyfwdkY &GufavSonf qdkufuyfcJhavonf/

oHk;&ufajrmufaomaeY

uREkfyfESifh udkrdk;oD;vnf; rrif;jzLtm; tdrfwdkif&ma&muf vdkufydkYMuav\/ rrif;jzLtm;awGUvQifawGUcsif; ol\


rdcifonf zuf idka<u;av\/ rrif;jzLuvnf; ol\ tjzpftysufwdkYudk c&D;a&mufrqdkuf rdcifBuD;tm; ajymjyavonf/
rrif;jzL\ rdcifBuD;uvnf; uREkfyfwdkYtm; aus;Zl;wifvGef;vSojzifh trsKd;rsKd;tzHkzHk aus;Zl;wifpum;ajymav\/
uREkfyfwpfck owdjyKrdonfrSm rrif;jzLwdkYom;trdonf xm;0,frsm;jzpfMuygvsuf pum;r0JMujcif;yifjzpfayonf/
rrif;jzLwdkY aexdkifaom &yfuGufrSm unHK&yf[k od&ygonf/ 0if;tus,fBuD;xJwGif tdrfoHk;vHk;aqmufxm;av\/
rrif;jzLwdkY\ tdrftjyif tjcm;aom tdrfESpfvHk;rSm rrif;jzL\ OD;av;OD;vmb (ajAmq&m) \ tdrfjzpfNyD;vQif tjcm;aom
tdrfwpfvHk;rSm OD;vmb\ wynfh aMu;0kdif;q&m udkbaomif; qdkol\ tdrfjzpfaMumif; aemifwGif od&av\/
OD;vmbonf rrif;jzLwdkY tdrfudkvma&muf ]]ighwlru BuD;yGm;csifw,fqdkvdkYom tNidrfhaxmifq&meJY
xnfhvdkuf&wm tif;av . . . bmyJjzpfjzpf OD;av;wdkYajAmtNidrfhawGvJ jyefNyD; pawmhrSmyJuG,f? t&iftwdkif; jyefNyD;
tvkyfvkyfMuwmaygh}} [k qdkav\/ rrif;jzLonf tHhuav;Budwf rsuf&nfuav;vnfum . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]'gaygh OD;av;&,f . . .uRefrukodkvfu raumif;ao;awmhvJ BuD;yGm;oifhygvsufeJY rBuD;yGm;Edkifbl;aygh}} [k


rcsdwifuJ
ajymvdkufav\/
rrif;jzLonf
acgif;aqmiftNidrfhrif;orD;
vGefpGmjzpfcsifyHk&ayonf/
uJhodkY
tNidrfhacgif;aqmifjzpfcGifhr&bJ ajAmtNidrfhuav; acsmufwD;acsmufcsufuae&rnfhb0udk pufqkyfyHk&ayonf/ uREkfyfonf
xdktcg igomcsrf;om&if rrif;jzLudk tNidrfhaxmifay;rnf[l pdwfwGif;rS BuHK;0g;rdavawmh\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;rSmrl wpfpHkwpf&m xl;jcm;rIrjybJ a&aEG;Murf;udk at;aq;pGmaomuf aeayonf/

uREkfyfwdkYa&muf&SdNyD; oHk;&ufajrmufaomaeY OD;vmb?udkbaomif;ESifh ESJq&mudkat;qdkolwdkYonf tdrf0dkif;BuD;


twGif;yif ajAmwdkufMuav\/ rrif;jzLudkvnf; jyef tuwdkufMuav\/
uREkfyfonf rrif;jzLuonfudk pdwf0ifpm;pGm MunfhIav\/ uREkfyftaeESifh uckefjcif;ESifh ywfoufaom
ynmr&Sdaomfvnf; rrif;jzL\ aysmhaysmif;aom vufajccsKd;[ef wdkYudkMunfh tuaumif;ayonf[k wifrSwfrdygonf/
xdkYjyif rrif;jzLuonfudk MunfhNyD;aemuf tNidrfhaxmif ay;csifaom apwemrsm; a&pD;urf;NydKjzpf uREkfyf\ ESvHk;tdrfrS
'va[m ,dkpdrfh aeayonf/
q&mudkrdk;oD;rSmrl aMu;aemif0dkif;ab;wGif aq;ayghvdyfBuD; rD;w&J&JESifh xdkif aeayonf/
rrif;jzLonf wpfydk'fuNyD;aemuf em;vdkuf&m tdrfeD;csif;rdef;uav;wpfa,mufu tarmajyap&ef ,yfcwf
ay;aeav\/ aMu;aemifq&mudkbaomif;vnf; tayghoGm;&eftwGuf ae&mrS xGuf oGm;avonf/ xdktcg . . .
]]uJ . . .rrif;jzL aemufrS tarmajzAsm? wpfydk'favmuf uMunfhprf;yg}} [laom q&mrdk;oD;\ toHESifhtwl
aMu;aemifoHxGuf vmojzifh Munfhvdkuf&m q&mudkrdk;oD;onf udkbaomif;\ ae&mwGif0if aMu;aemifwD;aeonfudk
tHhMozG,f&m awGUjrif&avonf/
rrif;jzLuvnf; q&mudkrdk;oD; ajymonfhtwdkif; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om 0if uavonf/
r*Fvm&,frS __ r@dKifav
a&mifcdkifi,frS avrnf __
omarmif;i,fpnf __ ewfjynfxdvk __
q&mudkrdk;oD;u aMu;aemifwD;&if; a&SUrS qdkjyav\/ rrif;jzLu udk,fudk b,fnmEGJU EGJU uav\/
]]r[kwfao;bl; rrif;jzL? 'DOpmu ewfoHqdkayr,fhvdkY jrif;rdk&fawmifxdyf wm0womewfjynfu
oHk;usdyfoHk;a,mufaom ewfrif;wdkY&JU t&SifodMum;rif;udk yifhaqmifwm jzpfavawmh vufuav;udk ajrmufNyD; rsufESmudk
tay:armhxm;&r,f? tckacwf obifonfawG[m ewfuawmfeJY tysKdawmfudk twlwlyJvdkY rSwfaeMuw,f/ wu,fawmh
rwlbl;? jyefNyD;uprf;ygOD;}} [k qdkum qufvuf wD;av\/ udkrdk;oD;onf aMu;aemifwD;&if qdkvnf; qdkay\/
r*FvmpHcif; __yGJawmfabmifrSm __
*kPfa&mifvif;ygwJh __
rif;trsm;wdkYav; __
[laom tcsydk'fodkY a&mufonfhtcg OD;vmb? OD;at;tygt0if usefvlrsm;u . . .
]]atmifygap}} ]]atmifygap}} ]]atmifygap}} [l oHk;Budrf oHk;cg oHNydKifatmf[pfMuav\/
xdkodkY atmf[pfonfhtxJwGif uREkfyfvnf; yg0ifcGifh &avonf/ odkY rrif;jzLuonfh ae&m atmifygap[k
0if atmf[pf&onfudk uREkfyftzdkY (7)wef; paumvm;&Spfqkudk &pOfuxufyifydk 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfrdygaMumif;
0efcH&ayrnf/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

q&mudkrdk;oD;onf rrif;jzLtm; aZmfu? tysKdawmfu? (7)axGu? (12)axGu wdkYudkomru &nf;pm;arQmf?


tavmif;ydkuf? om;acsmh? tylqdkuf[efrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? awmavajy? awmifavajy? ausmif;ouFef;avajy?
bDvl;ravajy? Eef;avajy pum;rsm;udkvnf;aumif; oifjy usufrSwfapav\/
rrif;jzL\ OD;av; OD;vmbuvnf; q&mudkrdk;oD; jyKvkyforQudk wpfvHk;wpfyg'rQ 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif; rjyKbJ
Munfh aeayonf/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf wpfzuf rrif;jzLtm; oifjy Zmwfwdkufay;aeouJhodkY vlpnf&m vrf;rsm;wGif usLzsmay:
]rrif;jzLtNidrfhtzGJU} [laom pmwef;udk a&;vsuf iSm;&rf;vdkaom yk*dKvfrsm; iSm;&rf;EdkifaMumif; aMumfjimudk vdkufvHcsdwfqGJ
xm;avonf/
xdkodkY jyKvkyfNyD;aemuf tNidrfhp uonfhnyif aiG&Sif;ay;rnf[k uwdcHum qdkif;0dkif;wpf0dkif;udkvnf;
iSm;&rf;&av\/ xdkqdkif;0dkif;rS ywfwD;q&mrSm pdefvufzsm;[l jzpfayonf/ ywfvHk;uav;rsm;udk vufzsm;uav;jzifh wdkY
wD;cwfaomaMumifhwGifaom trnfjzpfayonf/
xdkodkY jyifqifNyD;aemuf rrif;jzL yPmr oDqdk&rnfh oDcsif;udkvnf; q&mudkrdk;oD;uyif kyfao;pifrsm;
odMum;rif;ajympum; ajymavh&Sdaom odMum;pum;udk oHpOfajymif; oDqdkapygonf/ if;oDcsif;rsm;rSm rrif;jzL rMumcP
oDqdk&aom oDcsif;jzpf uREkfyfonf ,ckwdkifatmif rSwfrdaeygao;onf/
rPdr@ta&mif __0dokuHwrQawmif _ 'Dygajr A[dk0,f _ oDwm _ oDwm _ oDwma&ndK __ ckESpfwef
ow&bef yA'kwr __ jrwfAk'"r {u&mZft&Sif _ e0&wf kuopfyif _ ewfOutppfbk&if _ unpf_unpfwifum
__w&m;usrf; arTvdkufaomf __ig;oef;ESpfuka# ewfrdbk&m;rsm;cMu& jrwfodMum; _ aom _wm _yef _ a0g[m&H _
wduszGifh&rSmjzifh _ aMomf . . .uRefrwdkY _rrif;jzLwdkY&JU __ bdk;awmfodMum;rif; tppf{uefygowJh&Sif ___
txufygtwdkif; yPmroDcsif;udk wdkufNyD;aemuf xm;0,fNrdKUwGif vGefpGmemrnfBuD;vSaom a&mhurefbmblac:
a&mhurefolaX;u tNidrfh(7)csDtwGuf aiGajyay; Xm;&rf;av\/ aiGajy&NyD;onfhtcsdefrS (7)&ufajrmufaomaeY
ujyay;&efjzpfayonf/
xdktcg q&mudkrdk;oD;onf csnfuwDyg tjymEka&mifrsm;udk 0,f,lvQuf wdkifzHk;rsm;? uefYvefYumrsm;?
ezl;pnf;rsm;ukd csKyfNyD;vQif ukvm;a&T[kac:onfh a&Ta&mifaiGa&mifjym;? pD;uGifhac: abmfMu,frsm;jzifh rrif;jzLtNidrfhtzGJU
[laom pmwef;udkazmf ezl;pnf; wyfqifNyD;vQif odMum;rif; ckkoif;jzifh a&oGef;aeonfh wHqdyfudkyg wyfqifav\/
tNidrfhtwGuf tpp t&m&m jyifqifNyD;onfhtcg ta&;tBuD;qHk; tNidrfhwGifrygvQif rjzpfaom vl&Tifawmf
ESpfa,muftwGuf
tcufBuHK&avawmh\/
xdkYaMumifh
OD;vmbuvnf;
pdwfysuf?
rrif;jzLudk,fwdkifvnf;
pdwfrcsrf;romjzpfum . . .
]]udkrdk;oD;&,f . . .qifajymifBuD; tNrD;usrSwpf qdkovdkjzpfaeygNyD&Sif? 'DtcsdefrsKd;rSm tNidrfhvlysufqdkwm
b,fuvm &EdkifyghrvJ? wjcm; tNidrfhawGuvnf; xGufukefMuNyD}} [k nnf;nLav\/
rrif;jzL nnf;nLoHudk Mum;&aomtcg uREkfyfyif pdwfraumif;jzpfrdao;awmh\/ uREkfyfonf
vl&Gifawmftvkyfudk rvkyfwwfom awmfayonf/ tu,frsm; enf;enf;yg;yg; tpGrf;tp&Sdygu rrif;jzLudk
oem;onfhpdwfaMumifh tNidrfhvlk&Tifawmf wufvkyfrdrnfvm; rqdkEdkifyg/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf ol\xHk;pHtwdkif; tBuHray:onfh tcgrsm; aq;vdyfudk zdzGmIduf&if; . . .
]]rylygeJU rrif;jzL&,f? usKyfwdkY tNidrfhu odMum;rif;udk OD;xdyfxm;NyD; axmifxm;wJh tNidrfhyJ?
yPmroDcsif;rSmvnf; odMum;rif;udk wdkifwnfxm;w,f? ezl;pnf;rSmvnf; odMum;rif; vuf,smckoif;eJYa&oGef;aewJhyHk
wHqdyfvkyfxm;w,f? yGJtprSmvnf; odMum;rif;yifh uBudK;wpfck xnfhxm;w,f? 'Dawmh tckavmufqdk&if odMum;rif;&JU
y@Kurvm jrausmufzsm wif;NyD; usKyfwdkYtNidrfhtwGuf vl&Tifawmfaumif;awG vTwfay;rSmyg}}
[k aemufovdkvdk ESpfodrfhvdkufaomfvnf; rrif;jzLu rauseyfEdkifbJ . . .
]]tNidrfhujzifh Mum;ajcmuf&ufyJ usefawmhw,f? tckxd vl&Tifawmfu r&ao;bl;? udkrdk;oD;ajymwJh vl&Tifawmfu
b,fawmh a&mufvmrSmvnf;}}
]]vl&Tifawmfu a&mufvmygNyDcifAs . . . a&mufvmygNyD}}
rrif;jzLpum;qHk;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf tdrf0if;t0if0rS xdktoHudkMum; Munfhvdkuf&m vGefpGmBuD;rm;aom
xef;acgufzsmBuD;wpfvHk;udk ausmydk;vsuf 0ifvmaom udkaowmudk tHhMozG,f&m awGUjrif&avawmh\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]][m . . .udkaowm}}
[k uRekfyfu 0rf;omtm;&ac: ol\ ausmay:rS xef;acgufzsmBuD;udk ulcsay;av\/ uREkfyfwdkY&Sd&modkY
qdkufqdkufNrdKufNrdKuf vdkufvmEdkifjcif;twGuf udkaowm\ Pf&nfPfaoG;udkvnf; uREkfyfonf tHhMordavawmh\/
udkaowmonf
acR;rsm;
okwfNyD;aemuf
q&mudkrdk;oD;iSJYay;aom
ol\vG,ftdwftwGif;rS ypnf;wpfpHkwpfckudk xkwfum rrif;jzLtm; . . .

a&aEG;Murf;udk

aomuf&if;

]]a&mh . . . rrif;jzL? armfvNrdKif qDqHkocsKif;Z&yfem;rSm cifAsm;usNyD; usef&pfcJhwJh ,yfawmifav;}} [k qdkum


ay;vdkufav\/
xdk,yfawmifuav;udk uREkfyfaumif;pGm rSwfrdayonf/ armfvNrdKif ocsKif;Z&yfay: q&mudkrdk;oD;u uREkfyftm;
jyocJhaom ,yfawmifuav;jzpf\/ xdk,yfawmifuav;rSm jrif;vSnf;teD; ususef&pfcJhojzifh q&mudkrdk;oD;
aumuf,lcJhzl;aom ,yfawmifuav;jzpfonf/
]]aeprf;ygOD; udkaowm? cifAsm; usKyfwdkYaemufuae b,fvdk vdkufvmEdkifwmvJ}} [k uREkfyfu EIwfrapmifhyJ
ar;vdkuf&m udkaowmu . . .
]]q&mudkrdk;oD; a&;xm;wJh 1+2=545 rSm aoESifhr,f qdkuwnf;u wpfa,mufjzpfwJh usKyfu ESpfa,mufjzpfwJh
cifAsm;wdkYudk
Mumoyaw;tp?
Ak'[l;tv,f?
Mumoyaw;tqHk;jzpfwJh
armfvNrdKifNrdKUrSm
awGU&r,fqdkwm
oabmaygufygw,f? armfvNrdKifudka&mufawmh aoESifhr,fqdkwJhpum;t& ocsKif;awGrSm &Smawmh 1+3=74 qdkwmudk
xyfNyD;awGUw,f? wpfa,mufjzpfwJh usKyfu oHk;a,mufjzpfwJh cifAsm;wdkYudk awGUzdkY paetp? Ak'[l;tqHk;NrdKUudk
vdkuf&r,fqdkwmod&jyefw,f? 'geJY aemufwpfa,muf b,folrsm;wdk;vmygvdrfhvdkY avhvmvdkufawmh a[m'D
,yfawmifuav;udk awGUjyefw,f? tJ'Duwnf;u 'kua&mufaewJh tNidrfhrif;orD;av; wpfOD;yg cifAsm;wdkYeJY
aygif;oGm;NyDqdkwm usKyfodygw,fAsm? NyD;awmh xm;0,fudka&mufawmhvJ ,dk;',m;vrf;xdyfrSm usLzsmBuD;eJY a&;xm;wJh
tNidrfhaMumfjimudkawGUvdkufawmh tJ'Dvuf&m[m q&mudkrdk;oD;vuf&mrSef; usKyftwyfajymEdkifw,f}} [l &Sif;jyav\/
]]aeprf;ygOD;? tNidrfhaMumfjimudk MunfhNyD; q&mudkrdk;oD;&JU vuf&mjzpfaMumif; cifAsm;b,fvdkvkyfNyD;odEdkifovJ}} [k
uREkfyfu xyf ar;vdkuf&m udkaowmu a&aEG;Murf;udk armh&if; . . .
]]odwmayghAs . . .tNidrfhrif;orD;emrnfu rrif;jzLwJh? aMumfjimrSm odMum;rif; ckoif;eJY a&oGef;aewJhyHkawG
bmawGeJYqdkawmh Mumoyaw;eH rif;orD;udk odMum;rwJh[ef "mwfqifxm;w,fqdkuwnf;u ES,fES,f&&r[kwfbl;?
q&mudkrdk;oD;wdkYvdk ynm&SdEGm;ausmif;om;&JU vuf&mjzpfw,fqdkwm usKyfodygw,fAsm? a[m'D ZmwfrSm q&mudkrdk;oD;udkom
vkyfcsifovdkvkyfygvdkY
vTJxm;&if
tNidrfhtprSm
]oMum;yifhpm}udk
oDcsif;vkyfNyD;
qdkcdkif;r,fvdkYawmif
twyfajymEdkifygao;w,f}} [k udkaowmuajymvdkuf&m uREkfyftygt0if Mum;&oltaygif;onf rsufvHk;jyL;
oGm;avawmh\/
q&mrdk;oD;onf ajcmuf&ufwdkifwdkif qdkif;wdkufjcif;? tuwdkufjcif;? oDcsif;wdkufjcif;rsm;udkvnf; vkyf\/
wpfzufvnf; rrif;jzL0wfqif&eftwGuf ta&miftrsKd;rsKd;aom ydk;pwdkYtm; tus? vHkcsnfrsm; csKyfvkyfav\/
xdkodkY jyKvkyfaecsdef udkvmbu q&mrdk;oD;tm; . . .
]]AsKdU . . . q&mrdk; cifAsm;eJY udkaowmwdkY jyufvHk;av;bmav; rwdkufMubl;vm;}} [kar;&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u
wpfpHkwpfck jyef rajzrDyif udkaowmu . . .
]]jyufvHk;wdkufzdkY rvdkygbl;? q&mudkdrdk;oD;vdk aowmarSmufwpfa,mufu usKyfudk az;rNyD; jyufoGm;rSmyg}} [k
qdkav\/
rSwfcsuf /
/ obifavmu aowmarSmufqdkaom pum;onf tvHk;pHk wwfuRrf;ol[k t"dym,f&ygonf/
xdkpum;rSm kyfao;avmurS qif;oufvmaom pum;jzpfayonf/ kyfao;kyfrsm; xnfhxm;aomaowmudk
arSmufcsBudKuf&mtkyfudk BudK;qGJ ujycdkif;onf xm;OD;/ ujyEdkifaom kyfao;BudK;qGJ[k t"dym,f&aom pum;rS
qif;oufvmaMumif; rSwfom;bl;ygonf/
pma&;ol
udkaowmajymonfrSm rSefayonf/ xdkodkYrSefaMumif;udk tNidrfhp uaomtcg od&avawmh\/
,dk;',m;vrf;xdyf jrLeDpy,faps;teD; pwif ujy&avonf/ tcsdefaph uvdkifacgufoH ay;NyD;aemuf uwDygvdkufum

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

wifvdkufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf tNidrfhpif\ ,mzufrS q&mudkrdk;oD;? 0JzufrS udkaowmwdkYonf yef;Eka&mif acgif;aygif;


tjzLteufuGufwHk;awmif&Snf ydk;vHkcsnfrsm;udk 0wfqifvsuf ay:xGufvmav\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf y&dowfudk tuJcwfvdkufNyD;aemuf . . .
a[rmef aEGvSefvdkY wHkYjyefawmh __
ayGo[ef a0,HtHkYqDu __
avjyef vIHUaqmfcJhNyD __ [laom av;qpfudk toHaetoHxm;jzifh oDqdkvdkufav\/ xdktcg udkaowmu . .
]][kwfygh . . .udkrdk;oD;}} [k axmufvdkuf&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u . . .
]]aysmfawmfquf udkaowmrSwfw,f}} [k ar;vdkuf\/
]][kwfyghudkrdk;oD;a& . . .cifAsm; ckeu qdkoGm;wJh av;csKd;[m pmqdkawmfBuD; OD;aMumh oDuHk;oGm;wJh
av;csKd;r[kwfvm;As}}
]][kwfw,f . . .udkaowma&? usKyfvJ vGrf;ovdkvdk&SdwmeJY bm&,fnm&,f r[kwfygbl;? yg;pyfxJawGU&m
qdkvdkufwmyJAsm}}
]]tvdk . . .udkrdk;oD;u b,folUudkrsm; vGrf;vdkYwkef;As? cifAsm;pum;uvJ tqef;ygvm;}}
]]a[m'D a&TyGJvm y&dowfBuD;udk vGrf;vdkYAsKdU}}
]]aMomf . . .udkrdk;oD;ES,fAsm awGUrSyJ vGrf;ae&ao;ovm;}}
]]'DvdkAs . . .udkaowm& a[m'Da&TyGJvm y&dowfBuD;eJY usKyfwdkeJY[m tckvdk qHkpnf;w,fqdkuwnf;u
twdwfb0u ukodkvfaumif;rIawG twljyKcJhMuvdkY r[kwfvm;As? 'Dawmh tckrS awGUayr,fh olpdrf;awG r[kwfaybl;?
oda[mif; uRrf;a[mif;awG aqGawGrsKd;awGAs}}
]][kwfyghAsm . . .cifAsm;ajymrSyJ usKyfvJ owd&w,fAsKdU? a[m'D y&dowfxJrSm usKyf&JUbBuD; ygvdrfhr,fAs? &SmNyD;
MunfhOD;rSyJ}} [kqdkum udkaowmonf y&dowfudk &SmazG[efjyKav\/ xdkodkYjyKvkyfNyD;aemuf . . .
]]awGUNyDAsKdU . . .awGUNyD? bBuD;rS bBuD;tppfygyJAsm? b0a[mif;u awmfcJhwJh usKyfbBuD;AsKdU q&mrdk;oD;a&}}
]][kwfvm; . . .[kwfvm;? b,frSmvJ usKyfudkvJ Nyprf;ygOD;}} [k udkrdk;oD;uyg &SmazG[efjyKav\/
]][dkrSm rawGUbl;vm;As? usKyfbBuD;av? ykvdyfudkifwJh eHygwfwkwfBuD;udkifvdkY}}
]]b,frSmvJAs? usKyfjzifh rawGUaygifAsm}}
]][dkrSmavAs . . .ykvdyfudkifwJh eHygwfwkwfBuD;udkifvdkYavAsm? [if. . .[if . . .r[kwfbl;AsKdU? vlBuD;wpfa,muf
aqmifhaMumifh xdkifaewmudk usKyfu rsufpdrSm;wmAsKdU}}
(0g; . . .[m; . . .[m; . . .) y&dowfu yGJusoGm;av\/
xdktcg udkrdk;oD;u . . .
]]uJ . . .uJ udkaowma& usKyfwdkYcsnf; xGufaevdkY rNyD;ao;bl;As? y&dowfapmifhpm;aewJh rif;jzLav;udkvJ
xkwfOD;rS jzpfr,f r[kwfvm;? uJ . . .ac:avAsm}}
xdktcg udkaowmonf acsmif;[efYvdkufNyD;vQif . . .
]]ig;vDaumif;jcif;?
ajcmufjypfuif;
rif;yrmEG,f
oa&opfygwJh rrif;jzLa&}}
[kac:vdkuf&m rPdr@vta&mif tpcsDaom yPmroDcsif;udkqdk rrif;jzLonf xvmavonf/ NyD;vQif
qdkif;wpfydk'fqHk;onftxd ujyav\/ rrif;jzLonf rD;a&mifatmufwGif ydkvSaeonf/ q&mudkrdk;oD; csKyfay;aom

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

vHkcsnfrsm;rSmvnf; rrif;jzLESifh vkdufzufvSayonf/ txl;ojzifh rrif;jzL\ tuonf aysmhaysmif;oG,fvs


Munfhaumif;vSayonf/ uREkfyf\pdwf rrif;jzLtm; ewforD;uav;ayavm[lyif atmufarhvmrdayonf/
rrif;jzLonf wpfydk'fuNyD;aemuf &nf;pm&Sm oDcsif;wpfyk'fudk oDqdkjyef\/
]]uRefr rrif;jzL &nf;pm;rxm;wwfygbl;&Sif? r,Hk&if tarhudkar;ygvm;&Sif}} [k qdkvdkufvQif . . .
]]rrif;jzLrSefrSefajym? rrif;jzLrSefrSefajym}} [l q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh udkaowmwdkUu oHNydKifqdkMuav\/ xdkYaemuf
rrif;jzLu qufvufqdkjyefav\/
]]&nf;pm;qdkwm __ ukef;ow0gvm; __
__rodEdkifygbl;&Sif__r,Hk&if tarhudk __ ar;ygvm;&Sif__}}

a&ow0gvm;

]]rrif;jzLrSefrSefajym rrif;jzLrSefrSefajym}} [k q&mudkrdk;oD;wdkYu


udkaowmwdkYu atmfMuNyD;aemuf rrif;jzLu qufvuf . . .

__

cGJjcm;vdkYawmif

atmf[pfMujyef\/

uRefr

q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh

]]aMomf . . .&SifwdkYu r,HkMubl;vm;? wu,fyg&Sif? &nf;pm;qdkwm rl;vdkYawmif SLp&m r&Sdygbl;&Sif? r,Hk&if


tarhudk ar;ygvm;&Sif}} [k qdkjyef\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh udkaowmwdkYuvnf; aemufajymifaom trlt&mrsm;jzifh ]rrif;jzLrSefrSefajym? rrif;jzLrSefrSefajym}
[k atmf[pf oDqdkMujyefav\/ xdknwpfnvHk; q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh udkaowmwdkYonf tcGifh&wdkif; rrif;jzLrSefrSefajym
[laomysufvHk;udkom trsKd;rsKd; tzHkzHk jyufMuav\/
rdk;vif; yGJodrf;onfhtcg uav;rsm;\ yg;pyf ]]rrif;jzL rSefrSefajym}} [laom pum;onf
a&mufoGm;avawmh\/ uav;rsm;om r[kwfay/ umvom;rsm;uvnf; tcsif;csif; ajymqdkMuaomtcg r,HkMunfp&m
taMumif;udp ygvmvQif rrif;jzLrSefrSefajym [k aemufajymifajymqdkMuonftxd q&mudkrdk;oD; pDpOfaom
rrif;jzLtNidrfhonf wpfnwnf;ESifhyif atmifjrifausmfMum;oGm;avawmh\/
uREkfyfrSm q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifhudkaowmwdkYuJhodkY obifynm rpGrf;aqmifEdkifojzifh
um;qGJtvkyfESifh tNidrfhaowmo,f&aom tvkyfwm0efudk ,lxm;&avonf/

uefYvefYumqGJ&aom

rdk;vif; tNidrfhodrf;aomtcg rrif;jzLwdkY tdyfMuvQif uRekfyfwdkYoHk;OD;onf vl&Sif;onfhae&modkYoGm;a&muf


uREkfyfwdkYudptm; wdkifyifESD;aESmMuav\/
]]b,fvdkvJ udkaowm? &cJh&JU r[kwfvm;}} [k uREkfyfu ar;&m udkaowmu . . .
]]&wmayghAsm? vG,fawmh odyfrvG,fbl;AsKdU? udkMo&udk zrf;qD;NyD; dkufESufwJhvlBuD;uvJ racbl;As? oluvJ
usKyfeJY tNydKif"m;ajrmifudk&SmwmyJ? olwdkYxufwpfuGufyJomvdkY usKyfvJ toufeJYudk,f tdk;pm;ruGJcJhwmAsKdU/ cifAsm;taz&JU
tdk;tdk;udk *loGif;wJh ausmif;q&mBuD; OD;aoG;qdkwmu r&Sdawmhbl;As? &aoh0wfeJYyJ qHk;&SmNyD}} [k ajymav\/ udkaowm\
pum;tqHk; q&mudkrdk;oD;u. . .
]]'Dvdkqdk&if "m;ajrmifudk udkMo&&JUtaz q&mrl&JU tkwf*lxJu &cJhwmaygh? [kwfvm;}} [k ar;vdkuf&m udkaowmu
...
]]odyf[kwfwmayghAsm}} [k qdkav\/
xdkodkY qdkNyD; qufvuf . . .
]]udkMo&udkzrf;NyD;
dkufwJhvlBuD;udk
usKyfod&NyDAsKdU?
cifAsm;taz&JU
i,foli,fcsif;?
olYemrnfu
OD;armifuav;vdkYac:w,f? odyfNyD; aMumufp&maumif;wJh vlBuD;As? cifAsm; tazq&mrleJU twlwl yifv,f"m;jyBuD;awG
vkyfcJhMuwmAs? ypnf;OpmeJYywfoufvmawmh cifAsm;tazay:rSm opmazmufvmawmhwmayghAsm? 'gawG xm;vdkufygav . . .
a&mh 'DrSm cifAsm;wdkY vdkcsifwJh "m;ajrmif}}
[kqdkum uREkfyfwdkYa&SUodkY puLjzifh ywfxm;aom "m;ajrmifudk csay;av\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf puLywfudk jznf "m;ajrmifudk Munfhav\/ xdk"m;ajrmifrSm uREkfyfzcif udkifaqmifcJhaom
"m;ajrmifjzpfayonf/ tdk;rSm qifpG,fjzpf tdk;ay: pmrsm; a&;om;xm;ayonf/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf "m;ajrmifudk aocsmpGmMunfhNyD;aemuf uREkfyfvufodkY ay;NyD;vQif . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]"m;ajrmifdk;ay:u pmawGudk wpfvHk;ruseful;ayawmh udkMo&a&}}


pm&GuftvGwfwpfckay:wGif ul;,lvdkuf&m wpfzufygpmrsm;udk &&Sdavawmh\/

[k

qdkojzifh

uREkfyfvnf;

rif;ajymtjzL? ajymrif;rrif;rSefrif;?
jzLrif;tajymajymajymjzLajymrSefrif;rSefajym? rrtrSefrSefajym?
rSefrjzLrSeftjzLrrif;rSefrif;? ajymjzL? jzLajymtrSefrSefajym/

xdkodkY ul;NyD;aom pm&GufESifh "m;ajrmifudk q&mudkrdk;oD;tm; jyef ay;vdkufvQif q&mudkrdk;oD;onf


pm&Gufudk,lNyD; "m;ajrmifukd Nyef ay;avonf/
]]cifAsm;taz&JU tarGtjzpf cifAsm;aqmifxm;ayawmh}} [k vnf; q&mudkrdk;oD;u rSmav\/ udkaowmu
wpfpHkwpfckudk tav;teufpOf;pm;NyD;aemuf . . .
]]q&mudkrdk;oD; . . . tJ'DpmawG cifAsm;azmfEdkifNyDvm;}} [k ar;av\/
]]tckawmh razmfEdkifao;bl;As? udpr&Sdygbl;Asm? rMumcifazmfEdkifrSmyg? razmfEdkifcifrSmawmh rrif;jzLudk tcktwdkif;
ulnDae&OD;rSmyJ}} [k udkrdk;oD;u ajymNyD;vQif tNidrfhpif&Sd&modkY jyefvm wpfa&;wpfarm tdyfMuav\/
xdkodkY tdyfMu&m uRekfyfonf eHeuf (9) em&DavmufwGif tdyf&mrS Edk;av\/ tdyf&mrS Edk;onfhtcg rrif;jzLonf
uREkfyftm; vufzuf&nfESifh eHjym;vm ay;av\/
]]tpfudk Mo&vJ awmfawmfyifyef;oGm;NyD xifw,f}} [k rrif;jzLu ol\ nDnmjzLazG;aom
oGm;uav;rsm;ay:atmif NyHK;vsuf uREkfyftm; ar;vdkuf&m uREkfyfonf wpfrsKd;wpfzHk MunfEl; oGm;av\/
]]rrif;jzLtwGufqdk&if usKyftzdkY awmh yifyef;&aumif;rSef;awmif rodygbl;Asm? wu,fajymwmyg? uREkfyfu
obifynmrwwfvdkYyg? q&mudkrdk;oD;wdkYvdk rsm;wwf&ifawmh rif;om;ae&mu0ifNyD; rrif;jzLeJY uvdkufcsifyg&JUAsm}}
[k uREkfyfu &dovdk pum;rsKd;ajymvdkuf&m rrif;jzL\ rsufESmuav;onf yef;Eka&miforf;oGm;av\/ xdkYaemuf
vufzuf&nfESifh eHjym;udk pm;aomufNyD;aemuf rrif;jzL a&csKd;&ma&wGif;odkY vdkufoGm;av\/
a&wGif;vnf; a&csKd;&if; rrif;jzLtm; txufygtwdkif; &doJhoJh pmum;rsKd;udk ajymav\/
a&wGif;rS jyefvmonfhtcg q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh udkaowmwdkYonf vufzuf&nfaomuf&if; Zmwfpmrsm;udk usuf
aeNyD;vQif q&mudkrdk;oD;u wa,mxdk; udkaowmu oDqdkav\/
xdkoDcsif;rSm a&S;tcgu kyfao;rif;orD;BuD;rsm; qdkavh&Sdonfh . . .
aoGygbl; armif&,f __ rypfygbl;&,fvdkY __
ysKdcspfOD; &,fwJh pum;oH&,f __
[laom opmxm; oDcsif;jzpfayonf/ xdkoDcsif;udk tom;usatmif oDqdkMuNyD;aemuf rrif;jzL
jyefa&mufvmonfhtcg udkaowmu a&SUrS qdkNy rrif;jzLu aemufrS vdkuf oDqdk&av\/ oDcsif;wdkuf NyD;aomtcg
rrif;jzLtm; q&mudkrdk;oD;u a&SUodkYwdk;&ef ajymNyD;vQif rsufESmudk teD;uyfvsufaocsmpGm MunfhNyD;aemuf . . .
]]rsufcHk;arT;qGJwm ae&mrusao;bl;? NyD;awmh ezl;u qHEkuav;csxm;wmuvJ wrifwum csxm;ovdkBuD;
jzpfaew,f? 'Dvdkr[kwfbl;}} [k qdkum rrif;jzL\ ezl;rS qHpuav;rsm;udk vufjzifh oyf av;odkY uyfay;av\/
rrif;jzLuvnf; rsufpduav;rSdwf NidrfcHae&Sm\/
xdktjcif;t&mudk Munfh uREkfyf\pdwfonf aqmufwnf&mr& jzpfavawmh\/ rrif;jzLudk q&mudkrdk;oD;u
arwmrQaeNyDavm [lvnf; pdk;&drfpdwfawG ay:vmav\/
rrif;jzLonf q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh udkaowmteD;wGif usKHUusKHUuav;xdkif ae\/ q&mudkrdk;oD;u aq;ayghvdyfudk
zGm&if; . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]rrif;jzL wu,fawmfwJh acgif;aqmifrif;orD;jzpfcsif&ifawmh a[m'D pmvHk;uav; (10)vHk;udk odxm;&r,f/ ydk;?


arG;? ac:? arQmf? atmif? aZmf? vk? b? l;? t vdkYac:w,f/ t&Snfuawmh . . .
ydk;

qdkwmu rdef;raemufydk;cef; Edkifeif;&r,f/

arG;

om;orD;arG;zGm;cef;rSm obm0usatmif arG;jywwf&r,f/

ac:

qdkwmu vifac:? om;ac:? ocifac:? uRefac: awGudk pmeJY ayeJY &xm;&r,f/

arQmf

qdkwmu &nf;pm;arQmf? om;arQmf? vifarQmf? arQmfwwf&r,f/

atmif qdkwmu atmifjzLZmwfvdkrsKd; tvGrf;BuD;ydk&wJh ZmwfrsKd;udk uRrf;usif&r,f/


aZmf

qdkwmu aZmfuudk wwfuRrf;xm;&r,f/

vk

qdkwmu vifvk? om;vkcef;awG okyfaqmifwwf&r,f/

qdkwmu wpfcgwpfav Zmwfvrf;t& bDvl;rae&mu xGuf&&if bDvl;u[ef? Budrf;[efawG


&xm;&r,f/

l;

Zmwfvrf;t& tl;cef;xGuf&&ifvJ l;jyEdkif&r,f/

qdkwmu vdktyfovdk tt tqGHUcef;u xGuf&&ifawmif EdkifEdkifeif;eif;&Sd&r,f? tajymtqdkawGudk


Edkifeif;&r,f/vdkY t"dym,f&w,f}}

q&mudkrdk;oD;onf txufygtwdkif; Zmwfrif;orD;aumif;wdkY wwfuRrf;&rnfh tcsuf(10)csufudk tao;pdwf


&Sif;jyav\/ xdkaeYu wpfaeYvHk; rrif;jzLESifh uREkfyfonf pum;ajymcGifh r&cJhyg/ q&mudkrdk;oD;u pnf;0g;taMumif;?
toHtaMumif;? rsufESmrl? rsufESmarmif;taMumif; ponfwdkYudk wpfaeYvHk; oifjy aeav\/
uREkfyf\ pdwf q&mudkrdk;oD;onf rnfonfhtcsdefursm; xdkynmrsm; qnf;yl;xm;onf rod?
wwfuRrf;vSayonf/ tu,frsm; rrif;jzLvdk rdef;racsmav;wpfOD;ESifh ,ckvdk awGU&rnfudk BudKwifodvQif uREkfyfonf
Aifeifulvm q,fwef;txd ynmoifcJhonfh tcsdefrsm;udk ynmroifyJ obifbuf xl;cRefatmif vdkufpm;cJhayvdrfhrnf/
,ckrl rrif;jzLwdkY\ vkyfief; uREkfyfonf vlydkoufoufuJhodkY jzpfaeonfhtwGuf 0rf;enf;rdao;awmh\/
xdkaeYnvnf; uREkfyftzdkY rcHcsifp&mwpfck jzpfao;\/ xdktjzpftysufonf uREkfyf\&ifwGif; ajimifhpl;ouJhodkY
cHpm;&aom tjzpftysufjzpfayonf/ jzpfyHkrSm . . .
xdknu rrif;jzL tuwpfydk'ftqHk; udkaowmu ]udkrdk;oD;a&} [k ac:vdkuf&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u . . .
]]AsKdU . . .udkaowm? bmrsm;wkef;As}} [k xl;av\/
]]cifAsm;u e,fESYHNyD; A[kokwpHkvdkYar;&OD;r,f}
]]ar;ygAsm . . .ar;yg}}
]]a*:&if*sDvdk xrif;udk b,fvdkac:ovJAsm}}
]]xrif;udk ukevdkYac:w,f}}
]][if;udkaumAsm}}
]][if;udk ul&vdkYac:w,f}}
]],yfawmifudk ajymprf;Asm}}
]]zDpefedum,vdkY ac:w,f}}
]]zsmudkaumAsm}}
]]0gyvdkY ac:w,f}}
]]tazudk}}
]]tazudk bmblvdkYac:w,f}}
]]nDudkaumAsm}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]nDudk tevdkYac:w,f}}
]]om;udkaumAsm}}
]]om;udk udk'kukvdkYac:w,f}}
]]r,m;udkaumAsm}}
]]rdef;rudk ac:wm ESpfrsKd;&Sdw,f? olrsm;rdef;rudk ac:wmwpfrsKd;? rdk;oD;rdef;rudk ac:wmwpfrsKd;? b,f[mudk
ajz&rvJ}}
]]udkrdk;oD;&JU rdef;rudk ac:wmajzyg? b,fvdk ac:ovJ}}
]]'gu vG,fygw,f? ighrdef;rudk rrif;jzLvdkY ac:w,f}}
]]0g; . . .[m; . . .[m; . . .[m;}}
yGJMunfhy&dowfu a0gueJ yGJusoGm;\/ uREkfyf\ &ifrSmrl 0kef;ceJ yGifhxGuf oGm;onf[k cHpm;&rdavawmh\/
vly&dowftajrmuftrsm;onf
xdkjyufvHk;aMumifh
&,farmaeMupOf
uREkfyfonf
&,farmjcif;
rjyKEdkifHkru
pdwfraumif;jcif;yif jzpf aeayonf/
xdkYaMumifh ]]igawmh rrif;jzLeJY jrefjrefae&musatmif vkyfrSyJ/ 'Dvdkrvkyf&ifawmh q&mudkrdk;oD;
vufOD;oGm;ayrnf}} [k oabm&onfhtavQmuf xdkaeYup rrif;jzLESifh eD;pyfrnfhta&;udk BudK;pm;avawmh\/
rrif;jzLa&wGif; &SdvQif a&wGif;odkY vkdufoGm;\/ rrif;jzL xrif;csufonfh ae&modkYoGm;vQif xrif;csufonfh
ae&modkY vdkuf oGm;\/ rrif;jzL qdkif;q&mteD;odkY oGm;vQif uREkfyfvnf; xdkolrsm;teD;odkY oGm;\/
aemufydk;onfqdkaom pum;onf uRekfyftwGuf ydk rSefuefayonf/ rrif;jzLonf uREkfyftm; aemufausm
ydk;xm;vQifyif rQtxdxyfMuyfruGm jzpfEdkifp&mr&SdyJ ,ckrl rrif;jzLtm; tNrJxm0& owdjyK Munfhae\/
rrif;jzLoGm;onfhae&modkY xyfMuyfruGm vdkuf aeayonf/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf tjcm;ae&mrsm; vlawmfwpfa,mufjzpfaomfvnf; ae&m vGefpGmxHkxdkif;yHk&ayonf/
uREkfyf
rrif;jzLaemufodkY
waumufaumuf
vdkufaeonfudkvnf;
&dyfrdyHkr&ay/
if;udk,fwdkifuvnf;
tvkyfudpESifhywfouf ajymp&m&SdvQif rrif;jzLudk ac: ajymayonf/ usefonfhtcsdefrl pm&Gufwpf&GufESifh
cJwHwpfacsmif;udk ukdifum tvkyfIyfaewwfayonf/
ae&m uREkfyfowdjyKrdonfrSm vlawmfqdkolrsm;onf rdef;rudp tcspfudprsm; vla&Smfrsm;jzpf
aewwfNyD;vQif uREkfyfuJhodkY b,fae&mrSmrS toHk;r0ifaom vlwHk;rsm;rSmrl tcspfudprsm; vGefpGmBudK;pm;wwfjcif;
vGefpGmvmbfjrifwwfjcif;yif jzpfayonf/ aemufwpfcsufrSm vlawmfrsm;onf vlawmf[laom tcsufwpfcsufaMumifh
if;wdkYonf tmkHusrdus&mudprsm; epfjrKyf aeonfjzpf&m tcspfudptwGuf tcsdefrjzKef;wD;Muay? uRekfyfwdkYvdk
vlwkH;rsm;rSmrl tjcm;udp tcsdefudkaomfvnf;aumif;? OD;aESmufudkvnf;aumif; toHk;csjcif; rjyKaomfvnf; tcspfudp
tcsdefa&m OD;aESmufa&mudkyg t&SufodumriJhuGufbJ toHk;cswwfayonf/
xdkYaMumifh ]vlawmf} qdkolrsm;onf rdef;r cyfnHnHrsm;& vlwHk;qdkolrsm;onf rdef;racsm? rdef;rvSrsm;ESifh
taMumif;quf aygif;zuf&wwfaom obm0wpfck jzpfay:vsuf&Sdayonf/ onfum; obm0\ rsufESmomay;rI[kvnf;
qdkEdkifayonf/
q&mudkrdk;oD;rSm pm&Gufwpf&GufESifh tvkyfIyfaeonfhtcsdefrsm; uRekfyfvnf; rrif;jzL\ teD; wpfvHk;pESpfvHk;p
&doJhoJh ajym aeonfcsnf; jzpfayonf/ q&mudkrdk;oD;onf tNidrfhtwGuf vlrsm;xyf iSm;&rf;um tNidrfhESifh wGJzuf
ujy&ef Zmwfvrf;rsm;udk Zmwfwdkufay;av\/ xdkZmwfrsm;rSm xdktcsdefu y&dowfBudKufjzpfaom rbdkYr,fZmwf?
&SifarG;vGef;Zmwf? y'kra'0DZmwf? aA'g&DZmwfwdkY jzpfavonf/ xdkYjyif rrif;jzLtm; aemiftcg vdktyfonfrsm;udk
qufvufoGefoif jyooGm;&eftwGufvnf; rif;om;pdefuwHk;? OD;zdk;pdefwdkYESifh wGJzufujycJhonfh rif;orD;rMobmpdefudk
naMu;aumif;pGmay; iSm;&rf;um ujyap rrif;jzLtm; twkcdk;apjcif;? oif,lapjcif;rsm; jyKav\/ xdkrif;orD;
rMobmpdefrSmvnf; obifavmu aowmarSmufwpfOD; jzpfayonf/
txufuqdkcJhonfhtwdkif; rif;orD;rMobmpdefuvnf; rrif;jzLxH a&mufvm vdktyfonfrsm;udk oifjyay;&m
Zmwfvrf;ZmwfuGufjzifh ujy&aom ae&mrsm; rrif;jzLonf vGefpGmEdkifeif;vmavawmh\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

rrif;jzLonf tNidrfhucgeD;wdkif; q&mudkrdk;oD;&Sd&modkY oGm;NyD;vQif q&mudkrdk;oD;\ ajcpHk OD;cdkufvsuf


uefawmhavh&SdaMumif; uRekfyfrSwfrdayonf/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf tvkyfwpfckESifhwpfck Z,fqufouJhodkY vkyfudkifvsuf&Sdayonf/ xdktcsdefrsm; uREfkyfonf
rrif;jzL\ arwmyef;udk qGwfvSrf;Edkifa&;twGuf trsKd;rsKd;tzHkzHk BudK;pm;vsuf&Sdayonf/
wpfno rrif;jzLonf ZmwfpifaemufbufodkY qif; ajcaxmufaq;&m uREkfyfvnf; ra,mifrvnfESifh uyf
vdkufoGm;\/ xdktcg rnfonfhtcsdefu apmifhaeonfrodaom vlESpfa,mufonf rrif;jzLtm; qGJvm;vGJvm;
vkyfavawmh\/ xdktcg rrif;jzLonf atmfvnf; ratmf&J(ratmf&Jonfh taMumif;rSm vltrsm;odoGm;ygu
emrnfxdcdkufoGm;Edkif\) ojzifh uREkfyftm; ]tJ. . . udkMo& vkyfygOD;} [k tultnDawmif;ojzifh uREkfyfvnf; ulnD&ef a&SUodkY
wdk;oGm;&m xdkvlESpfOD;u cg;Mum;rS "m;ajrmifudkxkwfvsuf ]a[haumif . . .rqdkifbJ 0ifrIyfeJY tlyGifhoGm;r,f} [k qdkvdkuf&m
uREkfyfvnf; a&SUodkY rwdk;0HhbJ &Sdavawmh\/ uREkfyfonf rrif;jzLtwGuf pdk;&drfylyefvsuf&Sdaomfvnf; rnfodkYrnfyHk
ulnD&rnfudk rawG;wwfatmif &Sdaeayonf/
xdktcsdef arSmif&dyftwGif;rS vlwpfa,muf xGufay:vmNyD;vQif rrif;jzL&Sd&modkY csOf;uyfoGm;&m rrif;jzLtm;
vufwpfzufqDrS qGJ aeaom vlESpfa,mufu . . .
]]a[haumif . . .aocsifvdkYvm;}} [k xdkoltm;ajymvdkuf&m xdkolu wpfpHkwpf&m jyef ajymjcif;r&SdbJ wdk;NrJwdkif;
quf wdk;oGm;ojzifh rrif;jzLtm; qGJxm;aomvufrsm;udk vTwf xdkoltm; "m;ajrmifjzifh 0if xdk;avawmh\/
rrif;jzLvnf; xdkolwdkY\ vufrS vGwfvQif Zmwfpif&Sd&modkY okwfajcwifavawmh\/ uREkfyfvnf;
rrif;jzLESifhtwl vdkufygoGm;av\/ Zmwfpif\aemufbufodkYa&mufonfhtcg rrif;jzLu aemufodkYvSnfh . . .
]][dkrSm bmawGrsm; jzpfukefMuNyDvJ rodbl;}} [k ajymum arQmfMunfhojzifh uREkfyfvnf; arQmfMunfhrdav\/
arSmifcsnf;rnf;rnf;jzpf vHk;0jrifawGUjcif;r&Sdaomfvnf; ]Akef; . . .bdkif; . . .tkef; . . .'dkif;} [laom wpfOD;ESifh
wpfOD; xdk;BudwfaeoH? uefausmufaeoHrsm;udk Mum; ae&av\/ tcsdeftenf;i,ftxd xdktoHrsm; Mum;&NyD;aemuf
vHk;0wdwfqdwfoGm;av\/ xdkodkY wdwfqdwfoGm;onfhtcg vlwpfa,mufonf uRekfyfwdkY&Sd&modkY rm;rm; rm;rm;ESifh
vmaeav\/ teD;odkY a&mufonfhtcg rrif;jzLu udkrdk;oD;[k qdkum ajy; zufvdkuf rSyif udkrdk;oD;jzpfaMumif;
awGU&avawmh\/
xdktcg uREkfyf\pdwfwGif vlqdk;rsm; qGJvm; vTJvm;vkyfonfhtcgrsm; igonf ol&JabmaMumif rrif;jzLtm;
rulnDcJh/ q&mudkrdk;oD;u ulnDcJhayonf/ xdkYaMumifh rrif;jzLonf q&mudkrdk;oD;tm; e*dkuxufyif aus;Zl;wifjcif;?
av;pm;jcif;pdwfrsm; ydkuJ vmayrnf[k awG;xif q&mudkrdk;oD;tm; remvdkpdwfrsm; jzpfay:vsuf&Sdayonf/
xdkremvdkpdwfonf wpfpuefYxuf wpfpuefY? wpfrdepfxuf wpfrdepf? wpfem&Dxufwpfem&D ydk ydk
BuD;xGm;vmavonf/
wpfaeYo
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf
tNidrfhem;xm;csdefvnf;jzpfonfhtjyif
tenf;i,faexdkifraumif;vnf;
jzpfaeaomaMumifh ol\ tdyf&m vSJae\/ rrif;jzLuvnf; q&mudkrdk;oD;teD;odkYoGm;a&mufum q&mudkrdk;oD;tm;
jyKpkav\/ q&mudkrdk;oD;u rjyKpk&efwm;jrpfonfudkr&? rrif;jzLu ZGwftwif; jyKpkay;\/ q&mudkrdk;oD;tm;
udk,fwdkifudk,fus aq;wdkuf\/ rsufESmopf&ef a&,lay;\/ rsufESmrS acR;rsm;udk udk,fwdkifokwfay;\/
xdktcsif;t&mwdkYudk jrifae&aom uREkfyftzdkY remvdkpdwfonf twdkif;xuftvGef BuD;rm; vmNyD;vQif
aygufuGJavawmh\/ xdktcg q&mudkrdk;oD;\ uREkfyftay: aumif;cJhyHkrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? twlwuG aygif;pyf&SmazGMurnfh
&wemodkufudpudkvnf;aumif;? vHk;0 arhavsmhoGm;ayonf/ uREkfyf\ pdwf ]q&mudkrdk;oD; aorS aumif;rnf} [laom
pdwf,kwfrmwdkYomvQif jzpfay:aeojzifh q&mudkrdk;oD;tm; taoowf&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufavawmh\/
xdkYaMumifh uREkfyfonf csdKifhwpfvHk;,l aumfzDqdkif aumfzDwpfcGufudk 0,f,lcJhNyD;vQif yef;uefESpfvHk;
xnfhav\/ yef;uefESpfvHk;rSmvnf; wpfvHk;rSm udkif;usKd;jzpf\/ uREkfyf\ tBuHrSm q&mudkrdk;oD;tm; tqdyfcwfowf&ef
jzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh udkif;rusKd;aom yef;uef oHjzLqdkifrS 0,f,lxm;aom i&JrD;udk xnfh\/ NyD;vQif aumfzDxnfhum
aumfzDjzifh a&mvdkufav\/ tvHk;pHkjyKvkyfNyD;onfh tcg q&mudkrdk;oD;\ tdyf&modkYoGm;NyD;vQif uREkfyfu . . .
]]rrif;jzLvJ q&mudkrdk;oD;udk jyKpkae&awmh rtm;&Smbl;? q&mudkrdk;oD;vJ xrif;rpm;bl;qdkawmh avcHaerSmpdk;vdkY
owd&wmeJY aumfzDoGm;0,fwm? acR;xGufoGm;atmif aomufvdkufprf;ygOD;}} [k qdkum i&JrD;xnfhxm;aomcGufudk
q&mudkrdk;oD;tm;ay; usefwpfcGufudkrl rrif;jzLodkY ay;&if; . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]rrif;jzLvJ reufu xrif;rpm;bl; r[kwfvm;? tqmajyatmif aomufvdkufygOD;}} [kajym ay;av\/


uREkfyfonf i&JrD;ygaom aumfzDudk armhcsNyD;aemuf rcsdrqefYjzpfum toufxGufoGm;rnfh q&mudkrdk;oD;\
aemufqHk;rdepfrsm;twGuf pdwfapmum &if w'dwf'dwfckef aeayonf/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf aumfzDcGufudk aumufudkifvdkufNyD;aemuf rrif;jzL\ aumfzDcGufudk vSrf; MunfhvdkufNyD;vQif. .
]]rrif;jzL . . .rif;orD; wpfa,mufvkyfaeNyD; udkif;usKd;cGufBuD;eJY raomufygeJY? usKyfwdkYuawmh ta&;rBuD;bl;?
a&mh . . . vJvdkuf . . .vJvdkuf}} [kqdkum q&mudkrdk;oD;u rrif;jzLESifh cGufcsif;vJav\/ rrif;jzLu ]rvkyfygeJY q&m&,f?
udp r&Sdygbl;} [k qdkaeonfh Mum;rSyif q&mudkrdk;oD;u aumfzDcGufudk twif;ZGwfvJavawmh\/
uREkfyf\ &ifrsm;onf ydk ckefvmavawmh\/ q&mudkrdk;oD;\ aemufqHk;rdepfrsm;onf rrif;jzL\
aemufqHk;rdepfrsm;jzpf oGm;ayNyD/ uREkfyfonf rnfodkYvkyf&rnfrodbJ acR;rsm;jyefvsuf&Sdayonf/ rrif;jzLonf
q&mudkrdk;oD;vJay;aom
aumfzDcGufudk
udkifvdkufavonf/
xdktcsdef
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf
wpfpHkwpfckudk
kwfw&ufowd&ojzifh rrif;jzL\ vufudk wm;vdkufNyD;vQif . . .
]]rrif;jzL jyefvmrS aomufyg? ta&;BuD;w,f? tazmfac:NyD; aps;udk oGm;prf;? aps;HkBuD;xJu axmifhqdkifrSm
Munfjyma&mify0guav; tckcsufcsif; oGm;0,fprf;}} [kqdkum cdkif;vdkufavonf/ rrif;jzLuvnf; ocifhtrdefYudk
ajr0,frusemcHaom uRefrav;ozG,f aumfzDcGufudk cs ][kwfuJhyg&Sif} [k qdkum xGufoGm;av\/
]]r[kwfwmyJ q&mudkrdk;oD;&,f? aumfzDaomufwm bmMumwmrSwfvdkY? aomufNyD;rS oGm;ygap? vm vm. . .
rrif;jzL aomufNyD;rSoGm;yg}} [k 0if ajymav\/ rrif;jzLu . . .
]]aeygap udkaowm? uRefr NyefrSyJ aomufyghr,f}} [k qdkum xGufoGm;ojzifh awmfayonf/
rrif;jzLxGufoGm;NyD;aemuf q&mudkrdk;oD;onf ol\ aumfzDcGufudk aumuf,lum aomufNyD;vQif uREkfyftm;. . .
]]uJ. . .udkMo&a&? jyefvm&ifvJ at;ukefr,fh wlwl cifAsm;yJ aomufvdkufawmhAsm}} [k qdkum i&JrD;ygaom
aumfzDcGuftm; uREkfyftm;ay;av\/ uREkfyfonf rsufvHk;jyL;&jyef\/ ,cktcg rrif;jzL\ aemufqHk;rdepfrsm;onf uREkfyf\
aemufqHk;rdepfrsm; jzpfvmavawmh\/ xdkYaMumifh uREkfyfu udkaowmbufodkY vSnfh ]udkaowm. . . cifAsm; aomufvdkufyg}}
[k qdkvdkuf&m udkaowmu . . .
]]rvkyfygeJYAsm? usKyfu aumfzDawmh vHk;vHk; rBudKufvdkYyg? cifAsm;yJ aomufprf;yg}} [k qdkav\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;uvnf; . . .
]]udkMo&. . . at;ukefr,fAs? aomufvdkufprf;yg}} [k wdkufwGef;av\/ uREkfyfonf aumfzDcGufudk Munfh
idkifaerdav\/
]]a[hvl. . . a&mhavAsm? vkyfprf;ygAs? cifAsm;0,fvmwJhaumfzDu rqdk;bl;As? wpfiHkavmuf jzpfjzpf vkyfprf;ygAsm}}
[k q&mudkrdk;oD;u wdkufwGef;av\/ uREkfyfonf rnfodkYrnfyHk jyKvkyf&rnfudk rodojzifh pOf;pm;aecsdef
q&mudkrdk;oD;\ &,foHBuD; ay:xGufvmav\/ xdk&,foHonf uREkfyf\ tonf;ESvHk;rsm;udk qkyfudkifcg&rf;ouJhodkY
cHpm;&avawmh\/
]][m;. . . [m;. . . [m;. . . udkMo&. . .udkMo&. . .? cifAsm; usKyfudk taoowfNyDudk;? [m;. . .[m;. . .[m;
cifAsm;aumfzD cifAsm; raomuf0Hhawmhbl; r[kwfvm;? b,faomuf0HhrvJ cifAsm;udk,fwdkif cwfxm;wJh tqdyfawG
ygaewmudk;? oem;zdkY aumif;vdkufwJh udkMo&}}
[kqdkum wuRwfuRwfpkwfoyfNyD;vQif acG;udkac: aumfzDudk yef;uefjym; avmif;csay;vdkuf&m acG;onf
SL;ceJaomufNyD;aemuf i,foHygatmif atmf[pf [dkajy; onfajy; ajy;NyD;vQif Akef;ueJ vJus aoqHk;oGm;av\/
uRekfyfrSm uREkfyf\ ,kwfrmrIBuD; ay:aygufoGm;onfhtwGufrsufESm acR;oD;acR;aygufrsm; pdrfh,dkvsuf vGefpGm
wkefvIyfaeayonf/
q&mudkrdk;oD;u tNyHK;rysuf qufvuf ajymjyefonfrSm . . .
]]'DrSm. . . udkMo& cifAsm;[m rrif;jzLaemufudk wpfaumufaumufvdkufNyD; rrif;jzLudk ydk;aewmvJ
usKyfodygw,f? tJ'DvdkodvdkYvJ cifAsm;cwfwJh tqdyfudk rrdwmayghAsm? [m;. . .[m;. . .[m;}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]'gaMumifh cifAsm;u usKyfudk rdwfaqGjzpfyg&apqdkawmh usKyfajymcJhw,f r[kwfvm;? rdwfaqGcsif;vdkufem&r,fh


pnf;urf;awGav? cifAsm;tck rvdkufemawmhbl;? usKyfudk &efolvdk oabmxm;vdkufNyD/ usKyftoufudk vkyfBuHNyD/ 'gayr,fh
usKyfuawmh usKyfay;cJhwJh uwdtwdkif; cifAsm;tay:rSm rdwfaqGvdkyJ qufNyD; oabmxm;yghr,f? 'gaMumifhvJ rrif;jzLudk
'Dudprod&atmif wjcm;udk taMumif;r&Sd taMumif;&SmNyD; vTwfvdkufwmyJ? 'Dudpom rrif;jzLodoGm;&if cifAsm;udk
vl,kwfrmwpfa,mufqdkNyD; rkef;oGm;vdrfhr,f? tJ'Dvdk rkef;roGm;&atmif olYudkwpfjcm;vTwfvdkufwmyJ udkMo&? usKyfbufu
rajymif;vJygbl; udkMo&}} [k udkrdk;oD;u wnfNidrfaomavoHjzifh ajymvdkufav\/
uREkfyfonf csKH;yGJcs idkrdavawmh\/ xdkYaemuf q&mudkrdk;oD;\ ajcaxmuftm; uREkfyf\ qHyifjzifh yGwfum
&Sdcdk; awmif;yef&av\/
]]q&mudkrdk;oD;&,f . . .usKyfrSm;ygw,fAsm? usKyfudk cGifhvTwfyg? usKyfav. . . usKyf . . .}} [k qdkum uREkfyfonf
quf ajym&rnfh pum;vHk;rsm; xGufrvmEdkifrDwGif q&mudkrdk;oD;u . . .
]]usKyfodygw,f udkMo&&,f? rrif;jzLudkcspfwJhpdwfawGuae usKyftay: remvdkpdwfawG 0ifvmwm r[kwfvm;?
[m; . . .[m; . . .[m;. . .}} [k ajym &,fjyef\/
]][kwfygw,f q&mudkrdk;oD;&,f}}
]]'gaMumifhvJ rmefvnfq&mawmf&JU rmCa'0vuFmrSm &m*ewfzrf;? a,musFm;ESrf;wdkY? usifhoGrf;,kwfrm
vdkYqdkxm;wmyJ}} [l udkaowmuyg 0ifa&mufajymqdkav\/ uREkfyfuvnf; udkaowmudkyg ajcaxmufudk acgif;jzifhwdkuf
&Sdcdk;NyD;vQif awmif;yef&av\/ udkaowmu uREkfyf&Sdcdk;onfudk MunfhNyD;vQif . . .
]]usKyfvdk olcdk;wpfa,mufudkawmh &Sdrcdk;ygeJYAsm? usKyfu cGifhvTwfNyD;om;yg? vlqdkwm 'DvdkyJAs?
pdwf"mwfatmufwef;usNyDqdk&if ,kwfrmawmhwmyJ? udpr&Sdygbl;? cifAsm;tay:rSm t&ifuvdkyJ usKyfuawmh
rdwfaqGvdkoabmxm;yghr,f? 'gayr,fh cifAsm;auR;wmudkawmh 'DtcsdefupNyD; bmrS rpm;awmhbl;? 'gudkawmh cGifhvTwfyg?
usKyfwdkYolcdk;qdkwm tusifh&Sdw,f? axmifacsmuf&SdwJhae&mudk xyfNyD;roGm;&bl;}} [k uREkfyf\ &if0udk zaemifhjzifh
aygufonfavmuf emMunf;zG,f&maumif;aom pum;udk qdkav\/ aemifwGifvnf; trSefyif uREkfyfauR;onfh
tpm;taomufrsm;udk pm;aomufjcif; rjyKaMumif; tHhMozG,f&m awGU&av\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;u quf ajymjyefonfrSm . . .
]]NyD;awmh cifAsm;[m rrif;jzLudk cspfvdkUBudKufvdkY ydk;yef;aewmuawmh [kwfygNyD/ olujyefNyD; cspfw,f rcspfbl;
qdkwmudkawmh cifAsm; tuJ rcwfwwfbl;? odyfa&SmfwJhvlyJ? cifAsm;udk rrif;jzLu TwfaeNyDAs? em;vnf&JUvm;? cifAsm;[m
udk,fhudkjyefNyD BudKufaevdkY BudKufaerSef;rod? rdef;ruJ cwfnHao;wmudk;}}
[k qdkvdkuf&m uREkfyfonf rdrdem;udkyifrdrd r,HkMunfEdkifavmufatmifjzpf oGm;ay\/ q&mudkrdk;oD;\
pum;aMumifh 0rf;omvnf; oGm;ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh uRekfyfu ydk aocsmatmif. . .
]]q&mudkrdk;oD; . . .tJ'g b,fvdkvkyfNyD;odovJ[if} [k ar;vdkuf&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u [uf[ufyufyuf&,f . .
]][dknu vlqdk;awG qGJvm; vGJvm; vkyfawmh cifAsm;[m 0ifNyD; rulnDcJhbl;r[kwfvm;? tJ'Dae&mrSm cifAsm;udk
cspfwJhpdwfaMumifh rulnDcJhwmudkawmif tjypfrwif&uf&Smbl;}} [k ajymvdkufrSyif ,cktcsdeftxd uREkfyfu &doJhoJhvkyfcJhonfh
udprsm;udkvnf; vufcHonf trlt&mudk rjyonfhwdkifatmif uefYuGufajymqdkjcif; rjyKcJhonfudk owdjyKrdav\/
]]cifAsm;xifaewmu vlqdk;awGvufxJuvJ ESpfBudrfawmifu,fzl;w,f? oljzpfcsifwJh rif;orD;udkvJ
jzpfatmifvkyfay;Hkwifrubl;? tNidrfhBuD;wpfckvHk; ydkifqdkifEdkifatmifvkyfay;cJhwJhtwGuf usKyfudk arwm&SdoGm;NyDvdk
xifaewmudk;}}
]][kwfygw,f q&mudkrdk;oD; 'Dtwdkif;xifcJhrdygw,fAsm}}
]]tJ'grSm;wmayghAs udkMo&? t*ra[oD? a'0Djzpfvsuf? rif;xufvGefwm? uRefqwmudk? tmHkrufrSm; &,fvdkY
qdkxm;w,f? rdef;rawG&JU arwmw&m;udk 'DvdkrSef;qvdkY r&aybl;? NyD;awmh cifAsm;udk rrif;jzLu pdwf0ifpm;jcif; &Sdr&Sd
odatmif usKyfu [dkwpfaeYu rrif;jzLezl;u qHyifudk 'Dvdk rcs&bl;qdkNyD; oyfay;r,fvdkY usKyfuvkyfawmh ol[m usKyf&JU
MoZmudk rvGefqefEdkifvdkYom cHae&&Smw,f? olYrsufvHk;[m cifAsm;rsm; jrifoGm;rvm; jrifoGm;&if wpfrsKd;rsm;
xifoGm;rvm;&,fvdkY pdk;&drfae&Smwmudk awGY&w,f? tJ'gaMumifh usKyfudk cifAsm;u tqdyfcyfNyD; owfwmudk
rrif;jzLrodapcsifvdkY 'Dae&muae ESifvdkuf&wmyJ? uJ . . .'Dudpudk 'DwifyJ arhypfvdkufawmh? usKyfvJ arhypfvdkufr,f? bmrS
ta&;BuD;wJh udpawGr[kwfaybl;? NyD;awmhvJ NyD;wmygbJAsm}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

[k qdkum q&mudkrdk;oD;onf xdkudpudk xdkae&m xdktcsdefrSp arhypfvdkufNyD;vQif aemufaemif rnfonfhtcgrS


ajymqdkjcif; rjyKawmhay/
uREkfyfonf vGefpGm&J&ifh vGefpGmrSvnf; pdwfoabmxm;BuD;jrifhonfh q&mudkrdk;oD;ac: EGm;ausmif;om;
ynm&SdBuD;tm; toufwdkifatmif vkyfBuHcJhzl;aom uREkfyf\ ,kwfrmrIBuD;twGuf vGefpGmrS pdwfraumif;jcif;
jzpfrdavawmhownf;/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

rrif;jzL trSefajym
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf aeYpOfESifhtrQ cJwHwpfacsmif;udk udkifvsuf pmGufvGwfrsm; wukwfukwfa&;jcpfvsuf
tvkyfIyfvsuf&Sdayonf/ udkaowmrSmrl wpfaeukefwpfaecrf; tjyifodkY xGuf ntNidrfhxGufcgeD;rSyif jyefvmwwfayonf/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf txufuqdkcJhonfhtwdkif; pmGufrsm;ESifh tvkyfIyfvsufaecJh&m ESpfvcefY Mumaomtcg
uREkfyfESifh udkaowmudk vl&Sif;&modkY ac:oGm;NyD;vQif . . .
]]uJ . . .udk,fvlwdkY "m;ajrmifdk;rSmygwJh 0Sufpm&JU tajzawmh &NyDAsKdU}} [k 0rf;omtm;& qdkav\/
xdktcg udkaowmu . . .
]]b,fvdk&wmvJAs ajymprf;ygOD; q&mudkrdk;oD;&JU}} [k qdkav\/
]]'DvdkAs? "m;ajrmif&JU tdk;bufudk usKyfwdkY&xm;wm tJ'Dbufu 0SufpmoufoufAs? "m;tdrfbufudk &oGm;wJh
vlawGqDrSmu 0Sufpmudk azmfzdkY azmfyHk azmfenf; aomhcsufygw,f}}
]]pdwf0ifpm;p&myJ udkrdk;oD;}} [k uREkfyfu ajymrdav\/
]][kwfw,f . . .tawmfhudk pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;w,f "m;tdrfBuD;oufouf&xm;vdkYvJ bmrSvkyfvdkY r&bl;?
usKyfwdkYvdk"m;dk;bufudk &xm;jyef&ifvJ tajzrod&if bmrSudk toHk;r0ifbl;As? usKyfvJ usKyfudkusKyfawmh [kwfvSNyD xifwm?
'D0SufpmusrSyJ igbmrS r[kwfao;ygvm;qdkwm od&wm? ESpfvavmufudk jyif;jyif;xefxef pOf;pm;,lrSyJ tajzudk
&awmhw,f? uJ . . .a[m'DrSm "m;ajrmifdk;u ul;,lxm;wJh pmawGudk jyr,f? aoaocsmcsm MunfhMuygOD;? NyD;awmhrS
usKyf&SmvdkY&wJh tajzudk jyr,f}}
[k qdkum "m;ajrmifdk;rS ul;,lxm;onfh pmGuftm; wpfzef jyef jzefYjy\/

rif;ajymtjzL? ajymrif;rrif;rSefrif;?
jzLrif;tajymajymajymjzLajymrSefrif;rSefajym? rrtrSefrSefajym?
rSefrjzLrSeftjzLrrif;rSefrif;? ajymjzL? jzLajymtrSefrSefajym/

uREkfyfESifh udkaowmonf xdkpmGufudk wpfvSnfh q&mudkrdk;oD;\ rsufESmudk wpfvSnfh Munfhom aeMuayonf/


rnfonfht"dym,f&Sdonfudkrl a&;a&;rQyif tawG;EdkifMuay/
uREkfyfwdkYonf pmGufudkwpfvSnfh? q&mudkrdk;oD;\ rsufESmudkwpfvSnfh MunfhIae&mrS q&mudkrdk;oD;tm;
pmGufa&;xm;aom 0Sufpm\ t"dym,fudk ar;Muavawmh\/
xdktcg q&mudkrdk;oD;u &Sif;jyonfrSm . . .
]]'DvdkAs? a[m'D0SufpmrSmygwJh pmawGudkMunfh&if r qdkwm? jzL qdkwm? ajym qdkwm? rSefqdkwm? rif;qdkwm?
tqdkwmawG ygaew,f r[kwfvm;}}
]][kwfw,fav}} udkaowmu ajzav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]tJ'DpmvHk;awG[m wdkufyJwdkufqdkifvGef;w,fAsm? a&SUaemuf trsKd;rsKd;qifMunfhawmh (rrif;jzL trSefajym)


qdkwmudk &w,fAsKdU . . .}}
]][m. . . [kwfwmaygh q&mudkrdk;oD;&,f}} [k uREkfyfu tm;&0rf;om 0ifa&mufajymqdkvdkuf\/
udkaowmurl aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;NyD;aemuf . . .
]]rrif;jzLrSefrSefajym qdkwJh pum;uawmh rif;uGef;acgif;avmif;BuD;&JU tav;csdefudk rSwf&vG,fatmif
vkyfxm;wmyJ? ydmcsdef ig;odef;? ig;aomif;? ig;axmif? ig;&m? ig;q,f? ig;ydm&Sdw,fvdk qdkwm? tckq&mudkrdk;oD;&JU
yPmrtajzuawmh
rrif;jzLtrSefajym
&,fvdkY
jzpfaew,f?
rSefrSefqdkwJhpum;tpm;
trSefvdkYajymif;NyD;
oHk;xm;wmudkawGU&w,f}} [k ajymvdkufav\/
]][kwfvdkufav aowm&,f. . . odyf[kwfwmaygh? rif;ajymwJh rSefrSefeJY trSef ajymif;NyD; oHk;xm;wJh tcsufaMumifh
0Sufpmudk azmfEdkifwmyJ}}
]]b,fvdkaMumifhvJ q&mudkrdk;oD;}} [k udkaowmu ar;av\/
]]'DvdkuG? rrif;jzLrSefrSefajymyJ jzpfjzpf? rrif;jzLtrSefajyyJjzpfjzpf pum;vHk;uawmh (6)vHk;yJ &Sdw,f? bmjzpfvdkY
rSefrSeftpm; trSefvdkYoHk;xm;ovJ qdkawmh 0Sufpmudk vkyfcJhwJhvlu rSefrSefqdk&if yxr rSefeJY 'kwd, rSef udk vGJNyD;
azmfaerSmpdk;wJhtwGuf rSefESpfvHk; rjzpf&atmif trSefvdkY oHk;xm;wmjzpfw,f? 'Dawmh 'D0Sufpm[m (rrif;jzL trSefajym) qdkwJh
pmajcmufvHk;udk a'gifvdkufeJY uefYvefY xdyfwdkuf&Sm&wJhenf;udk oHk;xm;wmjzpfEdkifw,f vdkY pOf;pm;rdw,f? 'gayr,fh txJu
pmawGusawmh
b,fvdkvkyfae&mcsxm;w,fqdkwm
awmfawmfBudK;pm;,l&w,f?
wpfckxnfhMunfh
r&&ifaemufwpfrsKd;xnfhMunhfeJY prf;vm&wm tckrSyJ "m;tdrfay:rSmygwJh 0Sufpm&JU tajzyHkZ,m;udk wGufppfrSef;qvdkY&w,f?
'Dae&mrSm 0Sufpm0SufwJhvl&JU pdkufudk pOf;pm;&jyefw,f? 0SufpmudkvkyfwJhvl[m 'DyHk'Denf; 0Sufw,fqdk&if tif;cswJhenf;udk
oHk;rSmyJqdkwm usKyfawG;rdw,f? tif;cswJhenf;rSmuvnf; quf&ufckef? ykPursufapmif;? &xm;oGm;? ckywf? jrif;ckef&,fvdkY
Sdw,f? 'Dawmh jrif;ckef[m teD;;pyfqHk; jzpfEdkifw,fqdkNyD; jrif;ckefeJY prf;MunfhwmyJ? 'Dawmh usKyfxifwJhtwdkif; jzpfaew,f?
a[m'DrSm Munfh}}
[k qkdum q&mudkrdk;oD;onf ESpfvwdkifwdkif raerem; MudK;pm;azmfxkwfxm;&aom
usKyfwdkYtm;jyav\/ tajzpmGufudk uREkfyfwdkYtm; jyav\/ tajzpm&GufrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfayonf/
r

rif;

jzL

rSef

ajym

rif;

-f

&

jzL

-m

'

-d

-S

-l

rSef

-D

M-

-k

ajym

-G

-;

-s

tajzpmGufudk

q&mudkrdk;oD;u tajzpm&Gufudk jyonfhwdkifatmif uREkfyfwdkYrSm rnfodkY rnfyHkajz&rnfudk rodao;ojzifh


ar;jref;&jyef\/ xdktcg q&mudkrdk;oD;&Sif; jyonfrSm . . .
]]a[m'D0SufpmrsKd;[m ESpfvHk;yl;? ESpfvHk;yl; azmf,l&wm? OyrmAsm . . . ]rif;ajym} qdkwmudk t&ifazmfMunfhprf;yg?
a'gifvdkuf rif; eJYuefYvefY ajym qdkwJh ae&mu pmvHk;[m (b) r[kwfvm;? aemufwpfcg ]tjzL} qdkwmudk azmfprf;?
a'gifvdkuf t eJY uefYvefY jzL qHkwJh ae&mu pmvHk;[m (m)r[kwfvm;? aygif;vdkufawmh (bm) &,fvdkY jzpfvmw,f? tJ'Dvdk
qufNyD;azmfoGm;&if a[m'Dpmudk&w,f}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

bm&ifuRef;? rD;awmif teD;

uREkfyfwdkYonf txufygpm&Gufudk MunfhNyD;aemuf wpfOD;rsufESmwpfOD; MunfhMuav\/ oHk;OD;pvHk;


0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpf aeayNyD/ xdkYaemuf q&mudkrdk;oD;onf tajzpm&Gufa&m ajzyHkajzenf;Z,m;pm&Gufudkyg
rD;IdUypfvdkufNyD;vQif . . .
]]bm&ifuRef; rD;awmifteD; qdkwmudk usKyfwdkYtm;vHk; odMurSyJ? 'gawG rvdkawmhbl;? oGm;Edkifatmif BudK;pm;MuzdkYyJ
r[kwfvm;}} [k ajymav\/
xdkaeYrSp
&SmazGavawmh\/

rrif;jzLtNidrfhtzGJUtwGuf

vl&Tifawmf

ESpfOD;

&&Sd&eftwGuf

q&mudkrdk;oD;onf

BudK;pm;

rrif;jzLESifh uRekfyfwdkYonf vGefpGma&pufqHkayonf[k ajym&ayrnf/ tESpfESpftvvu uREkfyfzcifBuD;


&SmazGcJhaom "m;ajrmifdk;rS 0Sufpmyif ]rrif;jzL} \trnfonf wdkufwdkufqdkifqdkifvm ygaeonfrSm thHMozG,f&m
jzpfayonf/
q&mudkrdk;oD;wdkYonf a&SUvkyfief;pOftwGuf BudK;pm;aecsdef uRekfyfonf rrif;jzLtm; cspfvQif cspfonf[k
trSeftwdkif; 0efcHajymqdk&eftwGuf txl;wvnf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfvsuf&Sdayonf/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf vl&Tifawmf ESpfa,muf&&Sdonfh tcg vl&Tifawmfrsm;tm; jyufvHk;rsm;udk pDpOf dkif;vGef;aom
jyufvHk;rsm;udk pDppfxkwfy,fypfjcif;? rrif;jzLESifh wGJzuf Zmwfwdkufay;jcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyfayonf/ xdkodkYjyKvkyfaeonfh
tcsdefrsm;Mum;wGif tenf;i,ftm;vyfaomtcsdefrsm; opfjrpfwHk;wpfcktm; pl;rsm;aqmufrsm;jzifh yef;ykkyfwpfkyfudk
xkvsuf&Sdayonf/ uREkfyfonfq&mudkrdk;oD;\ teD;odkY a&mufaomfvnf; xdkyef;ykkyfonf rnfonfhyHkjzpfonf[k
ajymqdkEdkifjcif; r&Sdyg/ q&mudkrdk;oD;rSmum; tcsdeftm;&wdkif; yef;ykxkvsuf&Sdayonf/
udkaowmrSmrl ol\xHk;pHtwdkif; wpfaeukefwpfaecef; tjyifodkY xGufoGm;NyD;vQif tNidrfhxGufcgeD;rSyif jyef
vmav\/
odkYESifhyif aeY&ufrsm;onf ukefqHk;oGm;cJh&m q&mudkrdk;oD; 0SufpmazmfNyD;onfhaerS
jynfhajrmufaomaeY q&mudkrdk;oD;u uREfkyftm; vl&Sif;&modkUac:oGm;NyD;vQif atmufygtwdkif; ajymav\/

wpfvwdwd

]]udkMo&a& . . .'DaeYn c&D;xGufr,fAsKdU? usKyfwdkYoGm;vdkwJhae&mudk vdkufydkYr,fh &GufavSBuD;vJ&NyD? 'DaeYnae


tNidrfhxGufcgeD;rSm rrif;jzLudk usKyfwdkYtm;vHk; EIwfqufNyD; oGm;Mur,f? EIwfqufwJhtcgrSm b,fudkoGm;r,f?
bmvkyfMur,fqdkwmudk todray;&bl;? usKyfwdkYESpfa,mufuawmh wpfcgwnf; tjywfEIwfqufcJhr,f? cifAsm;uawmh
rMumcif jyefvmr,fqdkwJhtaMumif; ajymayawmh}}
uREkfyfrSm q&mudkrdk;oD;\ pum;udk qHk;atmifem;axmifNyD;aemuf txl;wvnf tHhMooGm;av\/ olonf
wpfaeukef tNidrfhpifaemufbufwGif Zmwfwdkufay;ae\/ yef;ykxkae\/ xdkae&mrS wpfz0g;rS rcGmbJvsuf c&D;oGm;&ef
tpDtpOfrsm;udk rnfodkYrnfyHk pDpOfEdkifygoenf;/
]]&GufavS&atmif b,fvdkrsm;pDpOfvdkufwmvJ q&mudkrdk;oD;&,f}} [k uREkfyfu ar;jref;vdkufav\/
]]'DvdkAs . . .&GufavSudk iSm;wmu vG,fygw,f? 'gayr,fh wpfck&Sdwmu usKyfwdkY[m &wemypnf;awG
&SmMurSmqdkawmh vdkuf0HhwJh &GufavSu&Sm;w,f? NyD;awmhvJ tJ'Dvdk zGifhajymNyD;&Sm&if tE&m,fvJ&SdEdkifw,f? usKyfwkdY&vmr,fh
&wemawGudkvJ &GufavSuaumifawGu jyefNyD;vk,lEdkifw,f r[kwfvm;}}
]]tif;av . . .tJ'Dawmh b,fvdkvkyfMurvJ}}
]]tck usKyfwkdY pDpOfxm;wmuawmh yifv,f"m;jyawG&JU &GufavSeJY oGm;zdkYyJ}}
]]yifv,f"m;jyawGeJY oGm;vdkYjzpfyghrvm;? usKyfwkdY&vmr,fh &wemawGudk olwdkYu vk,lMurSmaygh}} [k
udkMo&uar;vdkufav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]'DtwGufawmh usKyfpDpOfNyD;NyD? a[m'D yifv,fjyifrSm 'kuay;aewJh yifv,f"m;jyawGxJu t,kwfrmqHk;?


t&ufpufqHk; yifv,f"m;jyawG&JU &GufavSBuD;eJYoGm;&rSmyJ? rrif;jzLeJYtwl usKyfwdkY pD;vmwJh &GufavSu a*:&if*sDavSorm;
ig;a,mufudkvJ wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,mufodrf;oGif;NyD; tJ'D yifv,f"m;jyawG&JU &GufavSrSm oGif;xm;NyD;NyD? aowm&JU
BudK;pm;rIawGayghAsm? tckwpfcg o&ufacsmif;qdyfrSm olwdkYavSBuD; qdkufxm;jyefNyD? olwdkYavSqdkufwdkif; aowmu vdkorQ
Muuf? 0uf? qD? qm;pwJh &dumawG oGm;NyD; oGif;w,f? oabFmom;vdk&ifvnf; &Sm;ay;w,f? tckoHk;vtwGif; aowm[m
olwdkY&JU vl,HkBuD;jzpfoGm;NyD? olwdkYavStwGuf vlESpfa,mufvdkaevdkY&Smcdkif;w,f? aowmu usKyfwdkYudk avSorm;?
oabFmom;tNzpfeJY olwdkYqDudk tyfr,f? oludk,fwkdifuawmh yDeHudk ra&mufbl;vdkY vdkufcsifw,fqdkNyD; vdkufcJhrSm}} [k
udkrdk;oD;u &Sif;jyav\/
]]ae&musvkdufwmAsm? q&mudkrdk;oD;eJY udkaowmwdkYujzifh wu,fhudk twGJnDygayw,f}} [k uREkfyfu
csD;usL;vdkufav\/ xdktcg q&mudkrdk;oD;u oabmuspGm&,farmNyD;vQif . . .
]]aowmudk aqmif&GufzdkY wm0efay;xm;wJhudpxJrSm a[m'Dudp[m ydkNyD; cufao;w,f? olrdkYvdk wwfEdkifwmaemf}}
[k qdkum aygifwGif om;a&BudK;jzifh csnfaESmifxm;aom ajcmufvHk;jyL;udk xkwf jyav\/ q&mudkrdk;oD;omr[kwfay/
udkaowm\aygifvnf; aoewfwpfvuf &Sdayonf/
]]rsufESmjzL ta&;ydkiftdrfu aoewfawG? aowmwufNyD; cdk;xm;wm}} [k q&mudkrdk;oD;u &Sif;jyav\/
xdkaeYwpfaevHk; c&D;oGm;rnfhtcg vdkufemaexdkif&rnfh yHkpHESifh wpfOD;udk wpfOD; qufoG,f&rnfh
vQKdU0SufqufoG,fyHkrsm;udk q&mudkrdk;oD;u oifjyay;av\/ uREkfyfwdkYonf wpfaeYvHk; wdkifyifaqG;aEG;cJhMuNyD;aemuf
tNidrfhodkY jyefvmNyD;vQif ,laqmifzG,f&m ypnf;rsm;udk,lvsuf uREkfyfwdkYoHk;OD;onf rrif;jzLESifhawGUqHk EIwfqufMuav\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;u rrif;jzLtm; . . .
]]uJ . . . rrif;jzL usKyfwdkY c&D;qufMuawmhr,f? tJ'gEIwfqufwmyJ? usKyfrSmvnf; vufaqmifay;zdkY bmrS
r&Sdbl;? usKyfudk,fwdkifxkxm;wJh odMum;rif; vla,mifaqmifNyD; vlYNynfqif;vmwJhyHkuav;udk usKyf&JUvufaqmiftjzpf
vufcHyg? usKyf&JU apwemuawmh rrif;jzL 'kuawGUwJhtcgrSm odMum;rif;udk,fwdkifqif;NyD; rovdk ulnDEdkifr,fholrsm;
ay:aygufvmygapvdkY usKyfpdwfrSm arQmfvifhrdwJh&nf&G,fcsufudk yef;ykvuf&meJY okyfazmfcJhwmygyJ}}
[k ajymvdkuf&m rrif;jzLonf jAKef;pm;BuD; c&D;xGufawmhrnf[k ajymHkrQru udk,fwdkifxkvkyfxm;aom
odMum;rif;kyfuav;udkyg &nf&G,fcsufESifhwuG ajym ay;vdkufjcif;jzpf&m rsuf&nfrsm; wawGawG pD; usvmavawmh\/
]]tpfudkrdk;oD;eJY b,fawmh jyefawGU&rSmvJ[if . . .[if}} [k rrif;jzLu tirf;r& ar;&Sm\/
]]rrif;jzL 'Dwpfoufawmh usKyfwdkY jyefNyD;awGUMuzdkY r&Sdawmhbl;? 'DtwGuf usKyfvJ pdwfraumif;ygbl;}} [k
q&mudkrdk;oD;u wpfvHk;csif;ajymvdkuf&m rrif;jzLonf dIufBuD;wiif idka<u;avawmh\/
xdkYaemuf udkaowmuvnf; . . .
]]usKyfvnf EIwfqufygw,f rrif;jzL? usKyfvJ q&mudkrdk;oD;vdkyJ wpfcgwnf; EIwfqufwmyg? rrif;jzL
'kuawGU&ifawmh rdk;ay:u bdk;odMum;udk,fwdkif qif;NyD; u,fq,fovdk u,fq,fr,fh vlrsKd; ay:aygufygapvdkY usKyfvJ
qkawmif;ygw,f}} [k EIwfqufav\/
xdkYaemuf uREkfyfuvnf; . . .
]]rrif;jzL . . . usKyfvJ oGm;r,f? 'gayr,fh usKyfuawmh rrif;jzLqDudk jyefvmcJhyghr,f? usKyfudk apmifhaeyg}} [k
ajymvkdufav\/ rrif;jzLonf idkNrJidkNyD;aemuf . . .
]]udkrdk;oD;&,f . . . uRefrqDudk jyefrvmawmhbl;vm;&Sif}} [k vGefpGm aMuuGJzG,f&maom toHuav;ESifh
ar;&Smav\/
]]rvmawmhbl; rrif;jzL? uJ . . .uJ. . . oGm;r,f}} [k qdkvdkuf&m rrif;jzLonf q&mudkrdk;oD;tm;
uefawmhav\/ xdkYaemuf vnfyif;wGifqGJxm;aom xrif;ajcmufykvJ ykwD;uav;udk jzKwf ]tJ'g vufaqmifygyJ&Sif} [k
qdkum ay;av\/ xdkYaemuf uREkfyfESifh udkaowmtm;vnf; uefawmhav\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf a&SUrSae rm;rm; rm;rm;ESifh xGuf oGm;\/
vdkufoGm;Mu&av\/ rrif;jzLum; vl;vSdrfh idka<u; usef&pfcJhavawmhownf;/

uREkfyfwkdYvnf;

if;\aemufrS

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

q&mudkrdk;oD; xrif;csufjzpf&jcif;
uREkfyfESifh q&mudkrdk;oD;wdkYonf udkaowm\aemufodkY vkdufyg oGm;av\/ vrf; udkaowmu
Muufq,faumif0,f vmav\/ &GufavSay:odkY wufcgeD;wGif uREkfyfwkdYESpfOD;tm; Muufrsm;ESifh txkyftydk;rsm;udk
xrf;ap if;url vlcsnf;oufouf a&SUrSae wufoGm;av\/
&GufavSay:odkYa&mufvQif BudrfjzifhjyKvkyfxm;aom cHkykuav;rsm;ay: xdkifaeonfh rsufESmrIefukyfukyfESifh
vlxHodkY udkaowmu ac:oGm;NyD;vQif uREkfyfwdkYtm; xdkol\a&SUarSmuf usKHUusKHU,kHY,kYH xdkifapav\/ xdkYaemuf udkaowmu
...
]]q&m . . .olwdkYESpfa,mufyJ? 'Dbufu vlu xrif;csuf? [dkbufuaumifu ukef;ywftwGuf}} [k ajymqdkum
q&mudkrdk;oD;tm; xrif;csuftjzpf? uREkfyftm; ukef;ywftjzpf tyfESHavonf/
xdktcgrl rIefukyfukyfESifh vlu q&mudkrdk;oD;tm; . . .
]]a[haumif . . . xrif;csuf? rif;emrnf b,fvdkac:ovJ}} [k ar;av\/
]]q&m . . .uRefawmfhemrnf rdk;oD;yg}}
]]xrif;csufvkyfzl;ovm;}}
]]vkyfzl;ygw,f? AdkvftdrfrSm xrif;csufvkyf&if; em&Dcdk;vdkY axmifusNyD; xGufvmwmyg}}
]]at;aumif;w,f?
rif;udkowfNyD;pm;&rSmyJ}}

rif;&JUwm0efu

yifv,fxJrSmpm;zdkY

&dumrjywfatmif

0,f&r,f?

jywfoGm;&if

]]aumif;ygNyD q&m}}
]]a[h . . .[kdaumif? rif;emrnfu . . .}}
]]uRefawmfhemrnf Mo&yg}}
]]t&ifu bmvkyfzl;ovJ}}
]]tNidrfhxJrSm um;qGJyg q&m}}
]]at; . . .'DrSmvJ &GufBudK;qGJ&r,f? wkdYtvkyfu opmazmufvdkY r&bl;? opmazmufwmeJY yifv,fxJ csypfvdkufrSm
Mum;vm;}}
]][kwf. . .[kwfuJh q&m}}
xdknu em&Djyef 2csufxdk;avmufwGif pwif &GufvTifhav\/ uREkfyfonf a*:&if*sDavSorm;rsm;ESifh twl
&GufBudK;0dkif; qGJ&\/ ausmufBudK;? ukef;abmif ponfrsm;wif&\/ uREkfyfwdkYtvkyfvkyfaepOfyif tvkyftudkifaES;onf[k
qdkum vl0BuD;wpfOD;u aq;jyif;vdyfcJvsuf usmyGwfESifh dkufESufjcif;udk yGJOD;xGufcHpm;&avawmh\/
uREkfyfonf a*:&if*sDukvm;rsm;ESifh ukef;ywfay:wGif yifyef;qif;&Jaeonfh tcsdef q&mudkrdk;oD;rSrl rD;zdk
wpfa,mufwnf; csufjyKwf aMumfavSmfjcif;jzifh tvkyfrsm;vsuf&Sdayonf/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

udkaowmwpfa,mufurl ukef;ywfay: [dkavQmuf 'DavQmufESifh yifv,favnif; IIdufvsuf Zdrfusaeayonf/


uREkfyfonf udkaowmtm; Munfh remvdkpdwfrsm;yif jzpfrdao;awmh\/ eHeuf (11)em&DcefYwGif uREkfyfwdkYtm;
a&mufpumvu ppfar;aom q&mBuD;qdkoltygt0if vlav;a,mufpmtwGuf q&mudkrdk;oD;u xrif;jyifay;&av\/
xdkvlav;a,mufrS q&mBuD;qdkolonf yifv,fjyif bk&ifwpfqluJhodkY rif;rlvsuf&Sdaom jrefrmvlrsKd; OD;baumif;qdkoljzpf
if;\ vufaxmufrSm udkat;odef;qdkoljzpfayonf/ usefESpfa,mufrSmrl rav;vdkvdk ukvm;vdkvdk vlrsKd;rsm;jzpf\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;u xrif;jyif ay;NyD;vQif xrif;0dkif;ESifh reD;ra0; rwfwwf&yfvsuf cdkif;apvQif tqifoifhjzpf&ef
apmifhqdkif;aeayonf/ q&mBuD; OD;baumif;onf rpm;ao;bJ q&mudkrdk;oD;tm; . . .
]]a[haumif. . .vmcJh 'D[if;awGudk arTNyD; wpfwHk;pm;jyprf;}} [k qdkav\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;u Muufom;[if;yef;ueftm; arT wpfwHk;cyf,lum pm;jy&av\/ xrif;udkvnf; xdkenf;wl
wpfZGef;cyf pm;jy&av\/ uJhodkY cdkif;apjcif;rSm tqdyfrcyfrdap&ef twGufjzpfayonf/
if;wdkY xrif;0dkif;NyD;vQif uREkfyfwdkYtm; usmyGwfESifhESufaom vl0BuD;ESifh udkaowmtm; q&mudkrdk;oD;u
xrif;jyif auR;&jyef\/ xdkolwdkYpm;NyD;rS uREkfyfwdkYtm; yJ[if;qrf;xm;aomxrif;ESifh ig;ydpdrf;pm; tenf;i,ftm;
yef;uefapmif; okwf ay;aom xrif;udk auR;av\/
yifv,f c&D;tm;oGm;zl;jcif; r&Sdaom uREkfyftzdkYrSm vIdif;rl;ojzifh atmhtefaeonfjzpf&m xrif;udk rpm;EdkifbJ
&Sdav\/
urf;rScGmNyD; ESpf&ufajrmufaomaeYwGif yifv,fjyif rdk;avxef &GufavSBuD;onf epfjrKyfawmhrnfuJhodkY jzpf\/
uREkfyf\pdwf onfwpfcgawmhjzifh rrif;jzLESifh vGJ&acsNyD[k aornfhta&;xufyif ylaqG; idka<u;rdao;awmh\/
&moDOwkraumif; toufab;pdk;&drf&onfh txJwGif uREkfyfwdkYtm; &GufBudK;tavQmhtwif;vkyf&ef udprsm;udk yg;pyfjzifh
rajymawmhbJ vl0BuD;u usmyGwfjzifhom dkufESuf cdkif;avawmh\/ uREkfyfrSm aMumufjcif;? emusifjcif;? 0rf;enf;ylaqG;jcif;
a0'emrsm;udk cHpm;&vGef;ojzifh yifv,fwGif;odkYyif ckefqif;&vQif aumif;vdrfhrvm;[k pdwful;rdao;awmh\/
odkY&mwGif oHk;&ufajrmufaomaeY &moDOwk jyefvnf aumif;rGefvmojzifh pdwfoufom&m&cJhayonf/
xdkaeYvnf; q&mudkrdk;oD;onf vlBuD;av;a,muftm; Muufom;qDjyefcsuf xrif;auR;av\/ xHk;pHtwkdif;
Muufom;[if;wpfwHk;ESifh xrif;wpfZGef;udkpm; jy&onfudk uREkfyfjrif&ygonf/
udkaowmonf uREkfyfjrifavmufaomae&mwGif vma&muf &yfwefYNyD;vQif [dkMunfhovdk 'DMunfhovdkESifh
uREkfyfudk vQKdU0Suftcsufjyenf;jzifh (ta&;BuD;onf owdxm;) [laom q&mudkrdk;oD;oifjyxm;onfhtwdkif; tcsufjyav\/
uREkfyfrSm owdxm;qdkom owdxm;&onf/ rnfodkYrnfyHk jzpfysufcJhonfudk rodcJhyg/
uREkfyfwdkYtm; q&mudkrdk;oD;u yJ[if;qrf;xm;aom xrif;udkvdkufa0onfhtcg acgif;aqmifvkyfol
q&mOD;baumif;onf ][if;. . .[if; . . .csrf;w,f csrf;w,f. . .csrf;w,f} [k atmf[pfum w[D;[D;w[J[JESifh
tzsm;wufavawmh\/ xdkYaemuf if;\vufaxmuf udkat;odef;vnf; xdkifaevsuf kwfw&uf ][D;[D;} [k atmf[pf
tzsm;wufjyef\/
xdkodkYjzpfaeojzifh
usefESpfa,mufu
q&mudkrdk;oD;tm;
a&aEG;tdk;wnfcdkif;NyD;vQif
0dkif;0ef;jyKpkvsuf&Sdae&mrS if;wdkYudkyg tzsm;onf csufcsif;ul;puf av;a,mufom; w[D;[D;ESifh tzsm;wufonfhtoHrSm
vIdif;rsm; w0kef;0kef;ESifh ykwfcwfaeonfhMum;rSyif uREkfyfwdkYMum;aeMuav\/ uREkfyfonf xdktcsif;t&mudk owdxm;
MunfhIaeonfhtcsdefyif 'dkif;ceJ aoewfoH wpfcsuf ay:xGufvmojzifh Munfhvdkuf&m q&mudkrdk;oD;onf vufwGif;
aoewfwpfvufudk udkifvsuf tzsm;wufaeaom vlav;a,mufteD; rwfwwf&yfvsuf&Sdonfudk awGU&av\/ xdkYaemuf
q&mudkrdk;oD;u . . .
]]tm;vHk;em;axmif? 'D&GufavSBuD;[m igwdkY&JU avSBuD; jzpfoGm;;NyD}} [k ajymvdkuf&m usmyGwfudkifaom
vl0BuD;onf q&mudkrdk;oD;\aemufrS ay:xGufvmNyD;vQif q&mudkrdk;oD;\ OD;acgif;tm; ykqdefBuD;jzifh ckwfcs&ef wtm;
vTJajrmufvdkufonfudk awGU&av\/ xdktcsdef udkaowm\vufrS ajcmufvHk;jyL;onf 'dkif;ceJ yGifhxGufoGm;av\/
vl0BuD;vnf; q&mudkrdk;oD;tm; ykqdefjzifh rckwfEdkifawmhbJ yHkvsufom; vJusoGm;avawmh\/
tzsm;wufvsuf&Sdaom vlav;a,mufrSm w[D;[D;ESifh tzsm;wufvsufyif &Sdav\/ xdktcg q&mudkrdk;oD;u .
..
]]udkaowma& . . . 'Dav;a,mufudk a&csKd;ay;vdkufyg}} [k ajym&m udkaowmu uREkfyftm; ac:,l q&mBuD;
OD;baumif;\ ajcaxmufrS rap olurl OD;acgif;bufrS rNyD;vQif . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]uJ . . . oGm;ayOD;awmh Akdvfwumhbk&ifBuD; OD;baumif;a&}} [k qdkum yifv,fwGif;odk ypfcsav\/ xdkaemuf


tzsm;wufaeonfh usefoHk;a,mufudkvnf; ypfcs&av\/ OD;ydkif;wGifpkxdkifaeaom OD;baumif;\ wynfh
yifv,f"m;jyrsm;teuf wpfa,mufu vIyf&Sm;vdkuf&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u aoewfjzifh ypfvdkufNyD;vQif . . .
]]a[haumifawG . . .NidrfNidrfae? rif;wdkYudk xrif;csufauR;NyD;NyD? tckwpfcg usnfqefyJ auR;awmhr,f}} [k
atmf[pfvdkuf&m xdkolwdkY NidrfusoGm;av\/ xdkaemufudkaowmu xdkyifv,f"m;jy(11)a,mufudk BudK;jzifhwkyfav\/
xdkYaemuf a*:&if*sD avSorm;rsm;udk jyef ae&mcsxm;ay;NyD;vQif c&D;quf xGufMuav\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf &GufavS\ rmvdefrSL;wm0efudk,l tkyfcsKyfav\/ udkaowmurl ajcmufvHk;jyL;cg;xdk;
wpfavSvHk; ae&mvyfrusefatmif vSnfhvnf vdktyfonfrsm;udk cdkif;&av\/
uREkfyfurl
xrif;csufwm0efudk,l&\/
uREkfyfonf
xrif;?[if;rsm;
csufjyKwfNyD;onfhtcg
a*:&if*sDavSorm;rsm;udk
oGm;a&mufauR;arG;&av\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;u
a*:&if*sDukvm;rsm;udkyg
qDjyef[if;
csufauR;&efajymojzifh
qDjyef[if;csufauR;&m
ukvm;rsm;onf
q&mudkrdk;oD;
rmvdefrSL;vkyfonfudk
vGefpGmaxmufcHMuav\/ BudK;wkyfxm;aom yifv,f"m;jyrsm;udkrl yJ[if;qrf;xm;aom xrif;udkomauR;&av\/
udkaowmurl uREkfyfcsufonfh xrif;[if;udk vHk;0rpm;bJ isufaysmoD;udkomvQif pm; aeonfjzpf&m
uREkfyfonf vGefpGmpdwfraumif; jzpf&ao;awmh\/ uREkfyfu trsKd;rsKd;tzHkzHk acsmharmh auR;aomfvnf; . . .
]]usKyfwdkY olcdk;qdkwmu dk;dk;vlawGr[kwfbl;? odyfNyD; owdaumif;&w,f? 'Dvl[m 'DvdktusifhrsKd;&Sdw,fqdkwm
odxm;&if wpfoufvHk;arhvdkY r&awmhbl;}} [k qdkum vHk;0pm;aomufjcif; rjyKay/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf aowmBuD;wpfvHk;ay: ajryHkpm&GufvdyfBuD;udk Munfhvsuf &GufavSBuD;tm; TefMum;av\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf av&dyfrdk;&dyfudkvnf;aumif;? a&wufa&us a&twdrfteufudkvnf;aumif;? oJaomif ausmufaqmif
ponfwdkYudkvnf;aumif; aumif;pGm cefYrSef;Edkifonfjzpf&m rmvdefrSL;aumif;wpfa,mufjzpfaMumif; awGUjrif&ayonf/
xdkYjyif q&mrdk;oD;onf a*:&if*sD avSorm;wdkYtm; tvSnfhusem;ap&ef pDrHay;ojzifh a*:&if*sDavSorm;wdkYonf
AHkwdkuav;udkwD;vsuf 0rf;omaysmf&TifpGm tvkyfvkyfMuav\/
uREkfyfonf a*:&if*sDavSom; trsm;tjym;&SdonfhteufwGif *H*,m;qdkaom a*:&if*sDukvm;av;ESifh vGefpGm
cifrifoGm;av\/
*H*,m;onf
uREkfyfanmif;nmonfhtcg
vma&mufESdyfay;avh&Sdonfjzpf&m
uREkfyfrSmvnf;
xrif;auR;onfhtcg if;*H*,m;tm; [if;zwfydk xnfhay;cJhygonf/
odkYvmcJhMu&m wpfaeYaom eHeuf q&mudkrdk;oD;onf rSefajymif;jzifh Munfh&if; uREkfyfESifhudkaowmudkac: . .
]]a[m[dku ndKUndKU[m uREkfyfwdkYvm&wJh bm&ifuRef;yJAsKdU}} [k ajymvdkufojzifh uREkfyfonf vGefpGm
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpf&av\/ odkY&mwGif uREkfyfu . . .
]]q&mudkrdk;oD;&,f . . .uRef;rSm;aeygOD;r,f? [kwf&JUvm;}} [k apm'u wufvdkuf&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u
][kwfygw,fAsm? tJ'DuRef;rSm tkef;iSufaysmyifawG trsm;qHk;aygufw,fvdkY qdkxm;w,f} [k ajymav\/
]]aeprf;ygOD; . . . q&mudkrdk;oD; bm&ifuRef;rSm tkef;iSufaysmyifawG aygufw,fvdkY cifAsm;udk b,folajymwmvJ}}
[k uREkfyfu xyfqifh ar;vdkuf&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u . . .
]]aowmudk usKyfu bm&ifuRef;eJY ywfouforQ A[kokwawG pkaqmif;zdkY yifv,f"m;jyawG&JU pufavSawGeJY
&if;ESD;atmif wm0efay;xm;avawmh olavhvmxm;wJh tcsufawGav? oluvJ acwmr[kwfbl;As? ,leDAmpDwDu
yx0DynmeJYywfoufwJh ya&mfzufqmBuD;qDudk &efukefu olUrdwfaqGolcdk;wpfa,mufuae wpfqifh ar;jref;cdkif;xm;wm?
tJ'DxJrSm usKyfwdkYtwGuf toHk;0ifwJhtcsufu tJ'DuRef;rSm vlom;pm;wJh vlykav;awG tajrmuftjrm;aew,f qdkwm&,f?
tkef;iSufaysmyifawG &Sdw,fqdkwm&,f? usKyfwkdY&xm;wJh 0Sufpmtwdkif; rD;awmifwpfck&Sdw,fqdkwm&,f jzpfw,f}}
]][kwfygNyDav? cifAsm; rSefajymif;u tkef;iSufaysmyifawGudk jrif&vdkYvm;}}
]]rjrif&bl;As. . . 'gayr,fh tJ'DrSm tkef;iSufaysmyifawG &Sdw,f? t&Gufudkawmif cl;MunfhNyD;NyD? a[m'DrSm tyifu
t&Guf&JU tpuav;}} [k qdkum uREkfyfwdkYtm; jyo&m &Snfarsmarsm opf&Gufpwpfckudk jyav\/ xdkt&Guftpuav;udk
MunfhHkjzifh iSufaysm&GufrS zJh,lxm;aMumif; odEdkifayonf/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

uREkfyfonf rpOf;pm;wwfatmif &Sdav\/ uRef;udk ra&mufao;bJvsuf uRef;ay:rS opf&Gufpudk rnfodkY rnfyHk


&atmif ,lEdkifoenf;[k pOf;pm;ae&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u . . .
]]udk,fhvl odyfvnf; pOf;pm;raeeJY? acgif;awGjzLukefvdkY rrif;jzLu rMudKufbJ aevdrfhr,f? *H*,m;qDrSm
cdkwpfaumif&Sdw,fAs? cdkudkvTwfNyD; opf&Guf,lcdkif;wm}} [k ajymvdkufrSyif uREkfyftzdkY &Sif; oGm;av\/
odkYESifhyif uREkfyfwdkYonf wpfaeukefavmufeD;eD; Mumanmif;aomtcg bm&ifuRef;odkY pa&mufMuavawmh\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

ausmufvdyfBuD;wpfaumif
uREkfyfwdkYonf uRef;ay:odkYa&mufonfhtcg &wemodkuf&SdEdkifrnfhae&mrsm;udk oHk;&ufwdkifwdkif BudK;pm;
&SmazG&av\/ uRef;ay: vlom;pm; vldkif;wpfrsKd;aexdkifonf[k qdkaomfvnf; uREkfyfwdktm; rnfonfh vldkif;urQ
vma&muf 'kuay;jcif; r&Sdyg/
uREkfyfwdkYtm; vufawGU'kuay;onfrSm vldkif;rsm;r[kwfbJ ysm;aumifrsm;om jzpfayonf/ ysm;rsm;rSm
udkufvdkufvQif zsm;csifovdkvdk jzpf oGm;\/ wpfaumifESpfaumifrQ tudkufcH&onfudkyif zsm;csifovdkvdk jzpfjcif;aMumifh
ysm;wpftHkvHk; tudkufcH&ygrl wpfcgwnf; toufaysmufoGm;EdkifaMumif; cefYrSef;Edkif\/
ae&m ysm;taMumif; tenf;i,fazmfjyayrnf/ ysm;rSm oHk;rsKd;oHk;pm; &Sdayonf/ (Meemasse) rD;rufpDac:
ysm;rsKd;? (Bambara) brf;b&yfp ac:ysm;rsKd;? (Cannameia) uif;em;rD;,m;ac: ysm;rsKd; [l ysm;ESifhywfoufaom
ynm&SifwdkYu oHk;rsKd;oHk;pm; cGJjcm;xm;avonf/ uRekfyfwdkY t&yftac: acG;avS;ysm;? ,Ofysm; ponfjzifh cGJ ac:ouJhodkY
tkyfpkzGJU ac:a0:owfrSwfjcif; jzpfayonf/
uRef;ay: awGU&aom ysm;rsm;rSm rD;rufpDac: taumifao;oavmuf tqdyfjyif;xefaom ysm;rsKd;jzpfayonf/
rSwfcsuf/ / uREkfyfwdkYjrefrmEdkifiH trsm;qHk; awGU&aom ysm;rsKd;rSm uif;em;rD;,m;ac: ysm;BuD;rsKd;jzpfayonf/ txuf
azmfjycJhaom ysm;oHk;rsKd;pvHk;onf ysm;&nf&Ekdifaom ysm;rsKd;csnf; jzpfayonf/
pma&;ol
uREkfyfwdkYonf rsufvHk;aygufuav;rsm;avmufudkom csefvSyf wpfudk,fvHk; t0wfrsm; pnf; xm;jcif;jzifh
ysm;tE&m,fudk umuG,f&ayonf/ oHk;&ufwdkifwdkif &SmazGNyD;aemuf vdyfBuD;wpfaumifudkawGU&ojzifh teD;odkY ajy;oGm;Mu&m
vdyfESifh vGefpGmwlaom ausmufwHk;BuD;jzpf aeonfudk awGU&NyD;vQif vdyfausmukef;\ae&mvnf; ]rpwmavsmif} [laom
t*Fvdyfpmwef;udk awGU&ojzifh uREkfyfwdkYonf xdkausmufvdyfBuD;tm; opfudkif;rsm;jzifh aumfypfMu&m vdyf\
Adkufatmufwnfhwnfh cg;apmif;cefYeuf oHk;ayywfvnfcefY us,f0ef;aom ausmufwGif;wpfckudk awGU&av\/ wGif;rSm
EIwfcrf;0 oHk;ayywfvnfcefY us,f0ef;aomfvnf; atmufajcrl EIwfcrf;0ESifhrwlbJ ydk us,f0ef;ayonf/ a&T'*Fg;rsm;?
pdefrsm;? vuf0wfvufpm;rsm;? ykvJrsm;? eDvmrsm;tjyif bk&m;qif;xkwpfcsKdUudkvnf; awGU&ygonf/
uREkfyfwdkYonf a*:&if*sDukvm;rsm;tm; avSay:wGifygaom uRef;ysOfrsm;udk ,lap uRef;aowmoHk;vHk;
vkyfcdkif;NyD;vQif
&wemrsm;udk
oHk;pkcGJ
xnfhav\/
&wemwGif;twGif;rS
uRef;jzifhjyKvkyfxm;aom
aowmuav;wpfvHk;udkvnf;
&&Sdayonf/
xdkaowmay:
wkwfe*g;kyf
xGif;xkxm;yHkrSmvnf;
vGefpGmvuf&majrmufvSayonf/
&wemausmufwGif;rS &wemypnf; tm;vHk;udk xkwf,lNyD;aemuf udkaowmonf a>rtxD;trESpfaumif zrf;,lum
ausmufwGif;xJokdY xnfh a>rrsm;wGif;ay:odkY jyefwufvdku wufEdkifap&ef opfudkif;rsm;udk csxm;NyD;aemuf wGif;udk
ausmufvdyfBuD;jzifh jyef zHk;av\/ a>rrsm; 0ifxGufEdkifap&ef ausmufvdyfBuD;\ nmbufvufatmufvnf;
ausmufwHk;wpfwHk;udk ck xm;cJhao;\/
&wemypnf;udk &NyD;aemuf avSudk urf;rScGmcJhav\/ uREkfyfwdkY uRef;rS cGmaomaeYu avrkefwdkif;usojzifh
uREkfyfonf bk&m;wrdao;awmh\/
avrkefwdkif;'PfaMumifh c&D;qufroGm;bJ uRef;jyefuyfum aemufxyfESpf&ufrQ qufvufaeMu&ao;\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

&wemodkufrS raumif;qdk;0g;awGursm; uREkfyfwdkYavSudk rxGufEdkifatmif avrkefwdkif;qifaeNyD;avm[kyif


uREkfyfonf awmufwD;awmufwJh EkdifvSaom tawG;rsKd;ay:aygufvmav\/
xdkYaemufavNidrfaomtcg &&Sdxm;aom &wemypnf;rsm;udk a0pkcGJ&ef uREkfyfu tBuHay;cJhav\/ uREkfyf\
tBuHudk vdkufavsmaomtm;jzifh bm&ifuRef;rS avSrcGmrDyif q&mudkrdk;oD;u w&m;rQwpGm a0pkcGJay;av\/
rSwfcsuf/ / bm&ifuRef;qdkonfrSm 93.51 vwDwG'f? 12.16 avmif*sDwG'f 'D*&DwGif wnf&SdNyD;vQif uRef;taemufbuf
855 zuforfeuf ta&SUzufwGif 641 zuforfteuf&Sdygonf/ wpfzuforfrSm ajcmufayESifhnDrQ\/ udk;udk;uRef;rS
rdkifaygif; 113 rdkifuGma0; uyvDuRef;(Corn Wallis) uGef;a0ghavhpftilrS wdkif;vQif 72 rdkifa0;ayonf/ if;uRef;ay:
ayaygif; 1158 ayjrifhaom rD;awmifwpfawmif&Sdayonf/
pma&;ol
uRekfyfwdkYonf &wemrsm;udk oHk;pk tnDtrQcGJa0cJhMuav\/ xdkodkYcGJa0&mwGif q&mudkrdk;oD;onf
ol\a0pktwGif;rS a*:&if*sDukvm;rsm;tm; xdkufxdkufwefwef qkrsm; csD;jrifhav\/ udkaowmuvnf; if;taeESifh
a0pk&xm;aomypnf;rsm;teufrS wkwfe*g;kyfxGif;xkxm;onfh uRef;aowmuav; ykvJwpfpHkpm vuf0wfvufpm;rsm;udk
rrif;jzLtwGuf uREkfyftm; vufaqmifyg;vdkufav\/
uREkfyfwdkYonf &wemypnf;rsm; cGJa0MuNyD;aemuf jyefvnf &GufvTifhvmMuNyD;vQif NrdwfESifhvGefpGmra0;aom
qdyfurf;ae&mwpfckwGif ntcsdef avSudk qdkufuyf vlpkcGJMuav\/ uREkfyfESifh q&mudkrdk;oD;onf NrdwfwGif acwwnf;cdk
aeMuav\/
udkaowmurl uREkfyfwdkYtm;EIwfqufNyD;vQif a*:&if*sDukvm;rsm;ESifh &GufavSBuD;udkyg tydkif,l oGm;av\/
uREkfyfonf udkaowmESifhcGJcGmcsdef pdwfwGif; 0rf;enf;ovdkvdk a0'emrsdK;cHpm;&rdao;awmh\/
]]usKyfAsm udkaowmeJY tckvdk tNyD;tydkif cGJ&rSmudkawmh 0rf;enf;rdw,fAsm}} [k ajymvdkufvQif udkaowmu
uREkfyftm;; aoaocsmcsm MunfhNyD;vQif . . .
]]tJ'gayghAs 'kuqdkwm? trSefuawmh twlwuG aeMuwJhtawmtwGif;rSm udk,fwwfEdkifoavmuf tusKd;jyK&r,f?
wu,fwrf;cGJcGm&NyDqdk&ifawmh ausauseyfeyfBuD; cGJcGmEdkifw,f? 0rf;renf;awmhbl;? vlawG[m twlaeMuwJhtcgrSm
wpfOD;udkwpfOD; xdkufxdkufwefwef rulnDwwfMubl;? toufomcdkMuw,f? udk,fu tompD;vdkcsifMuw,f? 'gayr,fh
cGJcGm&awmhr,fqdkawmh vGrf;MuaqG;MueJY b,fvdkrS t"dym,fr&SdwJh t&mawGudkom vkyfMuw,f? uJ . . .oGm;r,fAsKdU}}
[kqdkum uREkfyfwdkYtm; ausmcdkif;oGm;av\/ udkaowmonf q&mudkrdk;oD;tm; av;pm;cifrif\/ odkY&mwGif
,ckuJhodkY cGJcGm&onfhtcgrl 0rf;enf;aom trlt&mrawGU&ay/ xdkYtwl q&mudkrdk;oD;uvnf; udkaowmESifh cGJcGm&onfudk
pdwfraumif;jzpfyHk r&ay/
uRekfyfonf xdkolESpfOD;\ pdwf"mwfrsm;udk vGefpGmtHMordav\/ udkaowmESifhcGJcGmNyD;aemuf uREkfyfESifh
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf Nrdwf &uftwefMumrQaexdkifMuNyD;vQif q&mudkrdk;oD;u uRekfyftm; xm;0,fodkYjyefEkdif&eftwGuf
pdwfcs&aom vlBuHKudk&SmazG xm;0,fodkYjyefapcJhavonf/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onfvnf; uREkfyftm; vlMuHKjzifh xm;0,fodkYjyefEdkif&ef pDpOfay;NyD;vQif uRekfyfESifh tNyD;tydkif
cGJcGmjyefav\/ uREkfyfonf q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh cGJcGm&onfhtwGuf rsuf&nfrsm;yif us&av\/ q&mudkrdk;oD;u
rsuf&nfrusonfhtjyif [uf[ufyufyuf &,farm . . .
]]ridkygeJY udkMo&&,f . . .? cifAsm;eJY rrif;jzL aysmfaysmfBuD; aygif;Muayawmh? usKyfudkrsm; ar;&if aoNyDvdkYom
,HkMunfavmufatmif ajymjyayawmh? vlqdkwm aooGm;NyDqdk&if jyefNyD;awGUzdk rarQmfvifhawmhbl;? &Sifaeao;w,fqdk&if
awGUcsifaew,f? uJ. . .uJ oGm;ayawmh}} [kqdkav\/
uREkfyfod&oavmufrSm q&mrdk;oD;onf BuHK&m&GufoabFmwpfpD;jzifh EdkifiHjcm;odkY vkdufygoGm;NyD;vQif EdkifiHjcm;yif
tajccsrnfjzpfayonf/
uRekfyfonf vGefpGmcifriftm;udk;zG,f&maumif;aom q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh cGJcGm&onfhtcg ESvHk;tdrfonf
oGufoGufcgrQ cHpm;&av\/ uRekfyf\zcifBuD; aoqHk;onfhtcguxufyifydk 0rf;enf;rdonf[k qdk&ayrnf/
q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh cGJcGm&cgeD;wGif uREkfyfonf uREkfyftm; apmifha&SmufcJhaom aus;Zl;? uREkfyfu tqdyfcwf
owfonfudkyif cGifhvTwfcJhaomaus;Zl;wdkYudk atmufarh q&mudkrdk;oD;\ ajcpHk OD;cdkufum uefawmhcJhav\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

uREkfyfonf xm;0,fodkY jyefa&mufonfhtcg rrif;jzLtdrfodkY


avmif;vHkbufwGif tNidrfhu xGufaeojzifh tNidrfhu&modkY vdkufoGm;cJhav\/

oGm;a&mufcJhaomfvnf;

rrif;jzLonf

rrif;jzLonf uRkEkfyftm; awGUvQifawGUcsif; . . .


]]tpfudkrdk;oD;aum . . .tpfudkrdk;oD;aum[if}} [k ar;&Smav\/ uREkfyfonf rrif;jzLtm; vl&Sif;&modkY ac:oGm;
]]q&mudkrdk;oD;awmh ao&SmNyD? rrif;jzLa&}} [k ajymvdkuf&m rrif;jzLonf csKH;yGJcs idkavawmh\/
]]uRefr&JU tonf;awG tlawG ajymif;jyefvefukefovdkygyJ tpfudkMo&&,f? aus;Zl;&SifBuD;? uRefrrSmawmh
wpfaeYaeYrSm uRefrudk cspfw,f BudKufw,fvdkYajymEdk;Edk; arQmfudk;cJhvdkuf&wm? aMomf . . . tckawmh ao&SmNyDudk;}}
[k ajymvdkuf&m xdktcgrSyif rrif;jzLonf q&mudkrdk;oD;tm; usdwf arwm&SdaeaMumif; od&avawmh\/
uRekfyfonf rrif;jzLESifh awGUcgrSyif ydk pdwfqif;&J&jyef\/ okdY&mwGif uREkfyftzkdY NydKifbufr&SdawmhaomaMumifh rrif;jzL\
arwmyef;udk qGwfvSrf;Edkifrnf[k arQmfvifh&ygonf/
xdkYaMumifh
rrif;jzL\
rdcifBuD;tm;
ysOfaxmiftdrfwpfvHk;aqmufay;\/
OD;vmbtm;vnf;
tdrfwpfvHk;aqmufay;NyD;vQif rrif;jzLESifh eD;pyfatmif BuH&jyef\/ rrif;jzL\ rdcifBuD;tm;vnf; em;csay;&ef
wHpdk;vufaqmifrsm;ay; csOf;uyf&av\/ tNidrfhwpfzGJUvHk;wGif&Sdaom vljyuf? qdkif;orm;? ESJorm;? xrif;csufygrusef
uREkfyfonf vufaqmifrsm;ay; tcGifh&wdkif; rrif;jzLtm; uRekfyfESifh ae&musatmif em;csay;ygrnfhtaMumif;
pnf;Hk;odrf;oGif; &av\/ odkYvQif raerem; BudK;pm;vm&m wpfESpfeD;yg;Mumaomtcg rrif;jzLxHrS tajzpum;udk
Mum;&avawmh\/
]]tpfudkrdk;oD;udk vGrf;wkef;&Sdygao;w,f udkMo&&,f? 'Dawmh &SifeJY usreJYudpudk tvsifpvdk rpOf;pm;ygeJYOD;}} [k
ajym&Smav\/
xdkpum;onf uREkfyftzdkY arQmfvifhcsuf&Sdaom pum;jzpfavonf/
pdwfrsm;ajyaysmufygu uRekfyfbufodkY wdrf;TwfvmzG,f&m&Sdonf r[kwfygavm/

q&mudkrdk;oD;tm;vGrf;qGwfaom

uREkfyfonf rrif;jzLtm; tNidrfhquf ruapvdkojzifh rrif;jzL\ rdcifBuD;ESifh OD;vmbtm; tyluyf&jyef\/


aemufqHk; rrif;jzLonf wpfESpfawmhjzifh tNidrfhuyg&apOD;[k cGifhawmif;ojzifh wpfESpfwm cGifhay;cJh&jyef\/
uREkfyfonfvnf; &efukefodkY jyefvmum rrif;jzLESifh vufxyfNyD;aemuf at;csrf;pGm aexdkifEdkif&eftwGuf
abmufaxmfwGif jcHwpfjcH0,f,lav\/ NcHwpfNcH0,f,lNyD;aemuf ESpfaqmifNydKiftdrfBuD;wpfvHk;udk aqmufvkyfav\/ xdkYjyif
uREkfyfonf uREkfyfzcifBuD;\ vrf;pOftwdkif; t*d&wfq&mBuD;*dkufzrf; NcHwGif; t*d&wfzdkwpfckudk qif xm;NyD;vQif
abmufaxmf&GmBuD;(,ck&yfuGuf) &SdorQaom t*d&wfq&mrsm;ESifh wpfaeYwpfaeY t*d&wftaMumif; aqG;aEG;jcif;jzifhomvQif
tcsdefudk ukefvGefapcJhav\/
uREkfyfvnf; bkef;BuD;wpfyg;xHrS awmif;,lxm;aom awmra&mufawmifra&muf "mwfvHk;wpfvHk; &Sdav\/
uRekfyfonf xdk"mwfvHk;udkyif a&Tjzpfoa,mif ajymqdkvdrfnm ae&av\/ xdkodkYvdrfnmcJh&mwGif vGefpGmvQm&Snfaom
tzdk;BuD;wpfOD;u . . .
]]udkMo&&JU "mwfvHk;ujzifh usKyfwdkYrsufpdrSmawmh bmrS rxl;jcm;ygbl;? 'gayr,fh cifAsm;ajymyHkuawmh jy'g;yJ
aoovdkvdk? oHyJ aoovdkvdkeJYygvm;? pmqdkuawmh jy'g;ao wpfaqG0? oHao wpfjynf0 qdkyJ? tJ'Dawmh udkMo&udk
cyfjywfjywfyJ ar;r,f? cifAsm;taeeJY jy'g;aoNyDvm;? 'grSr[kwf oHaoNyDvm; ajzprf;yg}} [k tusyfudkifav\/
usefaomt*d&wform;rsm;uvnf; xdkvlBuD;\ ar;cGef;udk uREkfyftaeESifh
apmifhqdkif;arQmfvifhaeMuayonf/ xdkYaMumifh uREkfyfonf wdwdusus rajzrjzpf ajz&ayrnf/

rnfodkYrnfyHk

ajzqdkrnfudk

]]usKyfuawmh usKyfudkusKyf jy'g;aow,f? oHaow,fvdkY rajzcsifygbl;? jy'g;ao&if wpfaqG0w,fvdkY


qdkxm;w,fr[kwfvm;? oHao&if wpfjynf0w,fvdkY qdkxm;w,fr[kwfvm;? uJ . . .usKyfajymr,f? usKyf bmaow,f
cifAsm;[m cifAsm; pOf;pm;Munfhayawmh? a[m'Dabmufaxmf&GmBuD;udk 0ufom;[if;eJY xrif;auR;xm;ygqdk&if wpfoufvHk;
usKyftaeeJY auR;xm;Edkifw,f? uJ . . .odNyDvm;}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

[k ajymvkduf&m t*d&wform;wdkYonf [ifceJ [,fceJjzpf rsufvHk;jyL;ukefMuav\/ xdktcsdefrSp


t*d&wform;wdkYonf uREkfyfxHrS vHkMuif;udk awmif;jcif;? wufvrf;udkawmif;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfMuavawmh\/
xdktcsdefrSp abmufaxmf&GmBuD; wpf&GmvHk;onf uRekfyftm; t*d&wfq&mBuD; OD;Mo&tjzpf ,HkMunf
oGm;avawmh\/ uRekfyfrSmvnf; toHk;vdkonfhtcg a&T'*Fg;wpfjym;udk,l zdkHktwGif;odkY0ifum t&nfusKdNyD;vQif r*dkvrf;
a&Tqdkif oGm;a&mufa&mif;csav\/ rsm;rsm;pm;pm; tvdk&Sdonfhtcg pdefb,uf pdefvnfwHkpaom wefzdk;BuD;ypnf;rsm;udk
xkcGJa&mif;cscJhav\/ odkY aexdkifcJhNyD;vQif rrif;jzL&Sd&m xm;0,fodkYvnf; rMumrMum oGm;a&muf vufxyfrnfhta&;udk
em;ylem;qmvkyf&av\/
rrif;jzLrSmvnf; rdcifBuD;ua&m OD;av;OD;vmbuyg tNidrfhru&efajymqdkojzifh tNidrfhru&awmh&SmyJ
uREkfyfay;xm;onfh ypnf;Opmrsm;ESifhomvQif at;csrf;pGm aexkdifav\/ at;csrf;pGm aexdkif&onfqdkaomfvnf;
trSefpifppftm;jzifh rat;csrf;vSay? rdcifBuD;uvnf;aumif;? OD;av;OD;vmbuvnf;aumif;? uREkfyfESifh vufxyf&ef
rMumcP em;ylvsuf &Sdayonf/
odkYESifh uREkfyfonf rrif;jzLtm; BudK;&Snf&SnfvSef xm;cJh&m wpfESpfausmfESpfESpfeD;yg; Mumaomtcg
uRekfyftm; vufxyf,lygawmhrnf[k uwday;avawmh\/
xdkYaMumifh uREkfyfonf rrif;jzLwdkYom;trdtm; &efukefodkYbk&m;zl;ac:vdkuf jyefydkYvdkufESifh xm;0,fESifh &efukefodkY
ul;csnfoef;csnfvkyf aecJhav\/ rrif;jzL &efukefodkYvmonfhtcgvnf; uREkfyfonf t0wftxnfrsm;ESifh rdef;r
toHk;taqmifypnf; tajrmuftrsm;udk vufaqmiftjzpf 0,f,lay;av\/
odkYESifhyif uREkfyfESifh rrif;jzLwdkYonf vufxyfMu&ef &ufowfrSwfonftxd eD;pyfvmMuavawmh\/
vufxyf&ef rjzpfrae wdkufwGef;olrsm;rSm OD;vmbESifh rrif;jzL\ rdcifyif jzpfavonf/ xdkYaMumifh vufxyf&ef
wpfvcefYtvdk uRekfyfonf rrif;jzLwdkYom;trdtm; &efukefodkY ac:,l&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufavawmh\/
txufygtwdkif; rrif;jzLwdkYom;trdtm; &efukefodkY vm&efuREkfyfu ac:,lrnf qHk;jzwfvdkufumrSyif
rrif;jzLxHrS if;\rdcifBuD; kwfw&ufaoqHk;ojzifh tjrefqHk;vdkufvm&ef uREkfyftm; oHBudK;dkufvdkufojzifh uREkfyfvnf;
xm;0,fodkY csufcsif;x vdkufoGm;&av\/ xm;0,fodkYa&muf rrif;jzLwdkYtdrf0if;odkYa&mufvQif OD;vmbu ajy;
xGufvmNyD;vQif. . .
]]a[h . . . armifMo&? b,fhES,fhaMumifh rif;uvm&wmvJ? rrif;jzLwdkYom;trdujzifh rif;qDu oHMudK;&vdkYqdkNyD;
raeYuyJ &efukefudkoGm;MuNyD}} [k ajymvdkuf&m uREkfyfonf rsufvHk;jyL;oGm;avawmh\/ &ifvnf; 'dwfceJjzpfoGm;\/
]]b,fvdk. . .b,fvdk. . .rrif;jzLwdkYom;trd &efukefudk oGm;Muw,f? [kwfvm;}} [k uREkfyfu tirf;r&
ar;vdkuf&m OD;vmbu. . .
]]at;avuGm. . . rif;qDudk oGm;Muwmav? rif;bJ oHMudK;dkufvdkufw,f r[kwfvm;}} [k ajymav\/
]]b,fuvm usKyfu oHBudK;dkuf&rSmwkef;As? usKyfqDudk rrif;jzLu olYtaraoNyDqdkNyD; oHBudK;dkufvdkY
usKyfvmcJh&wm? a[m'DrSm oHBudK;pm}} [k qdkum uREkfyfu oHBudK;pmudk xkwfjyav\/ xdktcg OD;vmbuvnf; usKyfuJhodkY
rsufvHk;jyL; oGm;av\/
]]b,fuvm rrif;jzL&JUtar ao&rSmvnf;uG? odyfNyD;xl;wmyJ? wpfckckawmh jzpfNyDa[h? 'geJYaeygOD; rrif;jzLwdkY
om;trdqDudk &efukefudkvmcJhzdkY oHBudK;dkufovm;}} [k OD;vmbu ar;av\/
]]rdkufygbl;Asm}}
]]at;. . . rif;wdkYMum;rSm wpfa,mufa,mufawmh 0ifNyD;IyfaeNyDxifw,fuG}}
]]usKyfvJ 'DvdkyJ xifrdwmyJ OD;vmb&,f}}
usKyfonf xdkodkY rrif;jzLESifh uREkfyf\Mum;wGif wpfpHkwpfa,mufu 0ifoHBudK;vdrfum wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;
vGJacsmfukefatmif pDpOfolonf rnfolrnf0g jzpfrnfudk uREkfyfOD;aESmuftm; zspfSpf pOf;pm;&av\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;rsm; jyefvnfa&muf&SdvmNyD;vQif odkY jyKvkyfavoavm[k pOf;pm;rdjyef\/ odkY&mwGif odkYvnf;
rjzpfEdkif/ q&mudkrdk;oD;um; rrif;jzLtm; cspfBudKufjcif; r&Sd/ odkYqdkvQif udkaowmaum rjzpfEdkifbl;vm;[k pOf;pm;&jyef\/
udkaowmuaum b,fvdk&nf&G,fcsufESifh jyKvkyfrnfenf;[k awG;awm&jyef\/ odkY&mwGif tajzuray:ay/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

uRekfyfonf OD;vmbESifhawGUqHkNyD; em&Dydkif;twGif;yif &efukefodkY jyefvmcJhav\/ vrf;wpfvrf;vHk;


rnfonfhtpm;taomufudkrQ rnfrnf&& rpm;aomufEdkifcJhyg/ rrif;jzLtwGuf pdwfapmvsuf&Sdayonf/ odkY
tuGufususpDpOf uREkfyftm; wpfpHkwpfa,mufonf 'kuay;NyDqdkvQif uREkfyftzdkY tcufawGUayNyD/
odkYvQif vrf;c&D; pdwf'kuBuD;pGmjzifh vmcJh&av\/ &efukefodkY a&mufvQif ydkufAdwf wdkifpDudk iSm; tdrfodkY
jyefcJh&m tdrfa&SUxdkif aq;ayghvdyfBuD;udk pdwfysufvufysufzGmaeonfh rrif;jzL\ rdcifBuD;udk awGU&av\/
awGUvQif awGUcsif; uREkfyfu ]ta': rrif;jzLaum . . . rrif;jzLaum} [k ar;vdkuf&m rrif;jzL\rdcifBuD;u
awmfawmfESifh tajzray;yJ idk aeojzifh uREkfyfrSm pdwfwdk&ao;awmh\/
]]ajymprf;yg ta':&,f . . . jrefjrefajymprf;yg}} [k awmvdkufrSyif rrif;jzL\ rdcifBuD;onf rsuf&nfrsm;awGawG
usvmNyD;vQif . . .
]]ygoGm;NyD . . . armifMo&a&}} [k qdkav\/
]]b,fudk ygoGm;wmvJAs. . . &Sif;&Sif;ajymprf;yg tbGm;BuD;&,f}}
]]rif;qDu oHBudK;&wmeJY igwdkYom;trd csufcsif;xvdkufvmwm &efukefblwmusawmh rif;uBudKcdkif;vdkYqdkNyD;
vlESpfa,mufvmNyD; BudKwmeJY olwdkYeJY twlwlvdkufvmwm}} [k qdkum ta':BuD;onf idkaejyef uREkfyfrSm a&SUqufrnfh
pum;rsm;udk odcsifvGef;&um; . . .
]]aemufrS wpfcgwnf; idkprf;ygAsm? qHk;atmif ajymprf;ygOD;}} [k ajym&av\/
]]vrf;usawmh igwdkYom;trdESpfa,muf&JU &if0udk "m;eJYaxmufNyD; uJ . . .tbGm;BuD; 'Duqif;ayawmh? NyD;awmh
cifAsm; orufeJYawGU&if 'Dpmudkay;? ykvdyfudk rwdkifeJY? wdkif&if cifAsm; orD;awmh taoyJ? b,folUudkrS 'Dudpudk rajymeJY?
aygufMum;oGm;&ifvJ cifAsm;orD;udk owfrSmyJ qdkNyD; a[m'Dpmudk ay;vdkufw,f? rif;tdrfudk csufcsif;vmwmyJ? 'Dusawmh
rif;tdrfuvJ wHcg;ydwfxm;wmeJY [dkbufNcHudk ar;Munfhawmh xm;0,fudk oGm;w,fqdkwm od&w,f? 'geJY igvnf;
bkef;BuD;ausmif;oGm;NyD; tdrfzGifhvdkaMumif;ajymawmh bkef;BuD;eJY [dkbufNcHu NcHapmifhu vmNyD; wHcg;udk aomhzsufNyD;
zGifhay;Muw,f}}
]]aeygOD; ta':. . . bkef;BuD;eJY [dkbufNcHu NcHapmifhudkaum tJ'Dudp ajymjyao;vm;}}
]]b,fajymvdkY jzpfrvJ? ajym&if aygufMum;oGm;rSaygh? ighorD;av; aorSmayghuG,f}}
uREkfyfonf xdktcg rrif;jzL\ rdcifBuD;xHrS pmudk ,l zwfMunfh&m pmrSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfav\/
Mo& ac: at;aqmif . . .
"m;ajrmifu 0Sufpmudk azmfNyD; &wemawGudk &cJhNyDr[kwfvm;? 'Dawmh tJ'D&wemawGeJY rrif;jzLudk vJyg? igwdkY
udk,fwdkifu yifv,f"m;jrawGjzpfavawmh &wemodkufwpfckvkyfNyD; ypnf;awGudk 0Sufxm;&w,f qdkuwnf;u
ypnf;b,favmuf rsm;r,fqdkwm cefYrSef;EdkifvdkY tJ'D&wemodkuf[m e*g;odkufvdkY igwdkYtrnfay;xm;wmjzpfw,f? tJ'DrSm
ypnf;awG 0SufNyD;jyefvmwJh yifv,f"m;jrBuD; rpwmavsmif&JU oabFmudk igwdkY wdkufcJhvdk &cJhwJh a&T'*Fg;awGawmif tjym;a&
ig;aomif;ausmf&w,f? tJ'g rpwmavsmifu vdk&r,f&oHk;zdkY z,fxm;wJh ta&twGufjzpfw,f/ 'Dawmh &wemodkufrSm
b,favmuf&Sdw,fqdkwm igwdkYcefYrSef;Edkifw,f? tJ'D a&T'*Fg;tjym;ig;aomif;xJu ESpfaomif;cGJpD q&mrleJY igeJY
cGJa0,lcJhMuwJhtjyif "m;ajrmifeJY "m;tdrfudkvnf; cGJa0,lcJhMuw,f/ igeJY rif;taz[m tJ'D e*g;odkufykdif&Sif rpwmavsmif&JU
avSudk rwdkufrDtxd? [dkuGm . . .a&T'*Fg;awG r&rDtxdawmh tvGeftifrwefrS cifrifMuwJh rdwfaqGawGyJ? 'gayr,fh
a&T'*Fg;awG &wJhtcsdefrSmawmh &efolawGjzpfcJhMuw,f? 'Dawmh rxl;bl;? rif;udkvJ &efol&JUom;qdkawmh &efolvdkyJ
qufqH&r,f/ 'gaMumifh rif;udk ppfolvQKdtjzpfeJY axmifxJudk pufwdkifudkta&mufydkYcJhwmyJ? rif;u &atmifxGufoGm;Edkifw,f?
'Dwpfcgawmh r&awmhbl;? e*g;odkufu &wemawGudk tukeftyf&if rif;toufeJY rif;tifrwefcspfwJh rrif;jzL&JU toufudk
csrf;omay;r,f? 'Denf;uvGJNyD; wjcm;r&Sdbl;/
NyD;awmh igh&JU vufHk;wpfqljzpfwJh OD;baumif;&JU avSudkvnf; rif;[m vk,loGm;wJhtjyif OD;baumif; tygt0if
ighvlav;a,mufudk t&Sifvwfvwf yifv,fxJcsNyD; owfcJhw,f/ usefwJh q,fhwpfa,mufudkvJ eDudkAmuRef;rSm uReftjzpf
a&mif;pm; cJhw,f/ 'Dwpfcgawmh rif;tvSnfhyJ . . . armifMo&/
bk&m;BuD;rSm qHkr,f/ &m[kaxmifhrSm yef;vSLr,f/
e*g;odkufrS ypnf;rsm;udkvdkcsifol

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

uREkfyfonf txufygpmudk zwfNyD;aemuf vGefpGm wkefvIyfoGm;av\/ xdkpmt& uREkfyfudk wpfcgu


zrf;qD;dkufESuf "m;ajrmifudkawmif;onfh vlBuD;jzpfaMumif; od&ayNyD/ xdkYjyif uREkfyfonf uREkfyf &Sdaom &wemypnf;rsm;
tm;vHk;ESifh a&G;,lonf xm;OD;? xdkvlBuD;taeESifh auseyfvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/ &wemodkufwpfodkufvHk;rS &&Sdaom
ypnf;tm;vHk;udk awmif;qdkaeayNyD/
uREkfyfonf &wemodkuf&Sdypnf;\ oHk;yHkwpfyHkudkom &&Sdxm;oljzpfavonf/ uREkfyftaeESifh rnfodkY
jyK&rnfrodjzpfae\/ i,fxdyf rD;awmufae\/ xdkxufqdk;onfrSm q&mudkrdk;oD; tygt0if uREkfyfwkdYoHk;OD; tydkifpD;cJhaom
yifv,f"m;jr&GufavSBuD;rS "m;jracgif;aqmifOD;baumif;qdkolrSmvnf; ,ckuRekfyftm; 'kuay;aeonfh vlBuD;\
wynfhjzpfae\/
uREkfyfwdkYonf "m;jyacgif;aqmif OD;baumif;ESifh tjcm;oHk;a,mufudk tzsm;wufaepOfyif avSay:rSypfcs
owfypfcJhMu\/ tcsufrSmvnf; xkdvlBuD;u uRekfyftm; BuD;pGmaom &efJNidK;udk zGJUap\/
xdkYjyif OD;armifuav;\ yifv,f"m;jr (11)a,mufudkvnf; eDudkAmuRef;rSm a&mif;pm;ypfonf[k qdkxm;\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh udkaowmrnfodkYrnfyHk qufvufvkyfudkifaeMuonfrod/
uREkfyfonf xdkpmudkzwfNyD;aemuf wkefvIyfacsmufjcm;vGef;ojzihf rwfwyfrSae tkyfBudK;jywfvJusoGm;av\/
rrif;jzL\ rdcifBuD;u az;r uREkfyftm; aoG;aq;ESifh oMum;udk azsmf wdkuf&Smonf/ xdktcgrSyif uREkfyfvnf;
trl;tarmfajy oGm;avonf/ xdktcsdef uREkfyfonf qufvuf aqmufwnf&mr& jzpfvmjyefonf/
xdkYaemuf uREkfyf\ todPfrSm(bk&m;BuD;rSm qHkr,f &m[kaxmifhrSm yef;vSLr,f) [laom pmudktrSwf&ojzifh
a&Twd*Hkbk&m;odkY xGufvmcJhav\/ bk&m;odkY a&mufonfhtcgvnf; yef;wpnf;udk 0,fum &m[kaxmifh xdkif aerdav\/
wpfem&DeD;yg; xdkifaeNyD;aemuf rnfonfhxl;jcm;rIrQ rawGUojzifh &m[kaxmifhyif yef;pnf;udk uyfvSLxGufcJh&m
we*FaEGaxmifhteD;odkY a&mufaomumv OD;xkyfudk cyfidkufidkufaqmif; xm;aom vlwpfa,mufu. . .
]]udkMo&rSwfw,f? b,fvdkvJ pm&w,fr[kwfvm;? jrefjrefay;rSmjzifh ay;vdkufygAsm? rrif;jzL wpfa,muf
Mum;xJu aoaeygOD;r,f}} [k ajymqdkav\/
uREkfyfvnf; xdkoltm; aphaphrQ rMunfh&JbJ acgif;udkiHk . . .
]]usKyftJ'gudk ajymrvdkYygAs? usKyfrSm cifAsm;wdk xifovdk tukefvHk;r&ygbl;? oHk;yHkwpfyHkyJ &wmyg}} [k
ajymjy&av\/ xdktcg 4if; OD;xkyfESifhvlu. . .
]]usefwJhESpfyHku b,fa&mufoGm;vdkYvJ}}
]]q&mudkrdk;oD;eJY udkaowmwdkYu a0pk,loGm;Muw,f}}
]]q&mudkrdk;oD;qdkwmu b,folvJ}}
]]usKyf&JU rdwfaqGyg}}
]]&Sif;&Sif;ajymprf;yg? b,fwkef;u odwJh rdwfaqGvJ rdk;oD;qdkwmu emrnf&if;vm;? ajymif;xm;wJh emrnfvm;}}
]]axmifxJrSmwkef;u awGUcJhwJh rdwfaqGyg? emrnf&if;u t*FgvdkYac:ygw,f}}
]]tck olb,frSmvnf;}}
]]&wemawG a0pkcGJNyD; uwnf;u vlcsif;uGJoGm;ygw,f? b,fa&mufaew,fqdkwm rodygbl;}}
]]aumif;NyD udkaowmqdkwmuaum}}
]]olUemrnfu ndKopfvdkYac:ygw,f? vlpkcGJawmh OD;baumif;&JU &GufavSudk olyJ ,loGm;ygw,f? olu cdk;rIeJY
axmifxJudk a&mufvmwJholyg}}
]]aumif;jyDav? tJ'D udpudk q&mBuD;udk ajymjyr,f? udk,fhvl 'Dtcsdef 'DvdkyJ &m[kaxmifhrSm yef;vSLNyD;
'Dae&mudkvmcJh Mum;vm;}}
]]q&m&,f rrif;jzLudk rawGU&bl;vm;}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]rawGY&bl;? 'gayrJh rrif;jzLudk igwdkY[m tckcsdeftxd vufzsm;eJYawmif rwdkYbl;? aumif;aumif;rGefrGefxm;w,f?


igwdkY ajymovdk rvkyf&ifawmh rrif;jzLudkom r[kwfbl; rif;udkyg owf&rSyJ}}
]]q&m&,f? usKyfrSm &wemypnf; oHk;yHkwpfyHkyJ &wJholyg? usKyfqDrSm&SdwJh &wemawGeJY vJr,fqdk&if tckyJ
vdkuf,lygAsm
]]uJ. . .uJ . . . oGm;ayOD;? igwdkY q&mBuD;udk jyefNyD; ajymjyvdkufr,f}} [k qdkum xdkvlonf uREkfyfteD;rS
vQifjrefpGm xGufoGm;av\/ uREkfyfvnf; tdrfodkY jyefvmNyD;vQif rrif;jzL\ rdcifBuD;tm; tusKd;taMumif; ajymjy&m
rrif;jzL\ rdcifBuD;onf wIyfIyf idka<u;avawmh\/
uREkfyfonfxdkaeYn wpfnvHk; tdyfraysmfyJ &Sdav\/ rrif;jzL\ vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf uREkfyf&Sdaom &SdpkrJhpk
tBuHPf rjzpfpavmufudk Spfxkwf trsKd;rsKd; tzHkzHk BuHpnf&av\/ rdk;pifpifvif;onf txd BuHpnfaomfvnf;
tBuHuray:? rsufcGHrsm;om av;vmNyD;vQif tdyfaysmfoGm;av\/
eHeuf(9)em&DcefYwGif tdyf&mrS Edk;\/ tdyf&mrS Edk;vQifEdk;csif; uREkfyfonf vufzuf&nfwpfcGufudk aomuf
a&Twd*Hkbk&m;odkY vmcJhjyef\/ ta&SUbufrkcf twufwGif yef;wpfpnf;udk 0,f &m[kaxmifhodkY oGm; wpfem&DcefY
xdkifNyD;vQif yef;vSL we*FaEGaxmifhbufodkY vm&m wpfpHkwpfa,mufrQ rawGU&ojzifh a&SUquf avQmufvmjyef&m
t*Fgaxmifh vlwpfa,mufudk awGUjyef\/ xdkvlrSm yxraeYu awGUaomolr[kwfbJ tjcm;wpfa,mufjzpfaejyef\/
]]b,fvdkvJ udkMo& . . . usKyfwdkY awmif;xm;wJh &wemawGudk ay;zdkY pOf;pm;NyD;NyDvm;}} [k ar;av\/
]]usKyfraeYu cifAsm;wdkYvludk ajymcJhygw,f? usKyf&wmu &wemodkuf&JU oHk;yHkwpfyHkudkom&wmygvdkY}}
]]usefwJh ESpfyHkuaumuG 'DvdkvdSrfhvdkYr&bl;}}
]]usKyfraeYu cifAsm;wdkYvludk ajymcJhom;yJ? q&mudkrdk;oD;eJY udkaowmwdkYu ESpfyHk,loGm;ygw,fvdkY}}
]]rif;raeYu tjynfhtpHkajym&JUvm;? [dkaumifu rajymbl;qdkygvm;uG}}
]]ajymcJhygw,fAsm? q&mudkrdkoD;qdkwm udkt*FgqdkwJhvljzpfaMumif;? axmifxJrSmodcJh&aMumif;? udkaowmqdkwmu
olcdk;wpfa,mufjzpfw,f qdkwJhtaMumif;? olYemrnft&if;u ndKopfvdkY ac:aMumif;? ajymcJhygw,f}}
]]rif;uom ajymw,fqdkw,f? [dkaumifuawmh wdkYudkaoaocsmcsm bmrS rajymygvm;? wdkYvlu rif;udk
b,fae&mrSm apmifhawGUwmvJ}}
]]we*FaEGaxmifhrSm awGUwmyg? pmxJrSmygwmu bk&m;BuD;rSmqHkr,f? &m[kaxmifhrSm yef;uyfr,f qdkwJhtwdkif;
raeYu usKyf &m[kaxmifhrSm yef;uyfygw,f? NyD;awmh we*FaEGaxmifhbufudk avQmufvmawmh cifAsm;wdkYvleJYawGUwmygyJ}}
]]aeprf;ygOD;? wdkYqDu ay;vdkufwJhpm[m jynfhpHkygw,f? rif;u pmxJrSmygwJhtwdkif; bmjzpfvdkY rvkyfwmvJ}}
]]pmxJrSmu bk&m;BuD;rSmqHkr,f? &m[kaxmifhrSm yef;uyfr,f vdkYyJ ygw,fcifAs}}
]]r[kwfao;ygbl;? q&mBuD; yg;pyfeJYajymwmudk igudk,fwdkifa&;cJhpmyJ? rif;qDrSm ygcJhvm;? jyprf;}}
]]yg ygw,f? a[m'DrSm}} [kqdkum pmudkay;&m xdkvlonf pmudkjyef zwfMunfhNyD;aemuf . . .
]]uJ . . .uJ. . . udk,fhvl oGm;ayawmh? aemufudk udp&Sd&if tdrfudkvmac:r,f? 'Dudk rvmeJYawmh jyefayawmh}} [k
qdkojzifh uREkfyfvnf; jyefvmcJhygonf/
tdrfa&mufonfhtcg rrif;jzL\ rdcifBuD;tm; tjzpftysufudk ajymjy&ygonf/ rrif;jzL\ rdcifBuD;rSm idkom
aeayonf/ uREkfyfrSmvnf; a&SUwGif rnfodkYrnfyHk qufvuf jzpfyGm;rnfrodyJ wxdwfxdwf wvefYvefYESifhyif
tcsdefukefcJh&ygonf/ xdkaenuvnf; uREkfyf aumif;pGm tdyfraysmfyg/ wpfnvHk; ikwfwkwfxdkif ai;idkifaerdygonf/ odkY
xdkif ai;idkifrdIifawGaepOf noef;acgif tcsdefavmufwGif tdrfwHcg;udk wpfpHkwpfa,mufu vma&muf acgufojzifh
zGifhMunfhvdkuf&m rrif;jzLudk xl;qef;zG,f&m awGUjrif&avawmh\/
uREkfyfonf rrif;jzLtm; rnfodkYrnfyHk vGwfajrmufvmonfudk ar;jref;&m rrif;jzLonf rdrdudk,fwdkif
vGwfajrmufvmyHkudk rnfrnf&& ajymrjyEdkifbJ . . .
]]b,fu b,fvdk vGwfvmw,fvdkY usrvnf; twdtusawmh ajymrjyEdkifygbl; udkMo&&,f? uRefrodwmuawmh
vlqdk;awG olwdkYtcsif;csif; usrudk tvJtvS,fvkyfMuwmyJ uRefrodw,f? uRefrtpm; vlqdk;wpfa,muf tzrf;cHw,f?
'Dawmh uRefrudk zrf;xm;wJh vlqdk;awGu uRefrudk vTwfay;w,f? NyD;awmh vlqdk;wpfa,mufu uRefrudk jrif;&xm;eJY

rif;odcF

ac:vmNyD; vdkufydkYwmyJ? &SifwHcg;zGifhwJhtxd


xGufoGm;wm}} [k qdkav\/

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

uRefrudkvdkufydkYwJhvlqdk;

NcH0rSm

apmifhMunfhaeao;w,f?

NyD;awmhrS

uRekfyfvnf; xdktaMumif;ESifh ywfouf &Snf&Snfa0;a0; pOf;pm;raeawmhay/ rnfonfhenf;jzifh vGwfvGwf


rrif;jzLvGwfvmonf qdkvQif awmfayNyD [k uREkfyf\ pdwf atmufarhrdayonf/ rrif;jzLonf toufab;? t&Sufab;rS
vGwfajrmufvmonfh twGuf txl;yif 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpf ae\/ rdcifBuD;udkvnf; wtm;ukef zufxm;av\/
rrif;jzL\ rdcifBuD;vnf; 0rf;omvGef; rrif;jzLtm; zufum auseyfavmufatmif idkNyD;vQif rrif;jzLtm;
aumfzDESifh rkefYrsm; wdkifauR;av\/
aemufwpfaeY q,fem&DcefYwGif uREkfyfwdkYonf xrif;pm;NyD;aemuf wpfa&;wpfarm tdyf aeMupOf ykvdyfESifh
pHkaxmufrsm;a&muf&SdvmMuNyD;vQif xdktxJrS ykuGuG rsufESmpkwfcRef;cRef;ESifh pHkaxmufwpfOD;u. . .
]]uJ . . .tNidrfhrif;orD; rrif;jzLa&? usKyfwdkYeJY vdkufcJhygAsm? usKyfwdkYu tif;pdefpHkaxmufXmeuygyJ? cifAsm;udk
pufqef;rSm jzpfyGm;wJh a[m'D vlowfrItwGuf zrf;wmygyJ}} [k qdkum jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmudk xkwfjy uRekfyf\
cspfvSpGmaom rrif;jzLtm; zrf;qD;oGm;Muavawmhownf;/
(udkMo&\ xGufqdkcsufudk azmfjyNyD;aemuf udkndKopfac: udkaowm\ xGufqdkcsufudk azmfjy&ayrnf/
udkaowmqdkolum; olcdk;wpfa,muf[k qdkaomfvnf; vGefpGmpdwfaumif; &Sd vGefpGmrSvnf; olwpfyg;twGuf
tepfemcHwwfonf jzpfonfh tjyif pGefYpm;jcif; t&mvnf; acolwpfa,muf r[kwfaMumif; udkMo&\
xGufqdkcsuft&od&ayNyD/ ,ckrl if;\ xGufqdkcsufudk azmfjy&m usefaomtydkif;rsm;rSm udkMo&ESifh wpfxyfwnf;
wlnDaeonfjzpf azmfjyjcif; rjyKawmhyJ &wemypnf;rsm; &&SdNyD; oHk;pkcGJa0um vrf;cGJonfh tydkif;rSp azmfjyjcif;
jzpfayonf/)
pma&;ol
uREkfyf ndKopfac: aowmonf q&mudkrdk;oD;? udkMo&wdkYESifh a0pkrsm; cGJa0,lNyD;aemuf rrif;jzLtwGuf ykvJjzifh
jyKvkyfxm;aom vuf0wf&wem wpfpHkpmudk e*g;kyfyg&Sdaom uRefaowm xnfhum vufaqmifay;NyD;aemuf
&GufavSBuD;eSifh a*:&if*sDavSorm;rsm;udkyg ac:,l yifv,fjyif vSnfhvnfum yifv,f"m;jy tjzpf usufpm;cJhygonf/
OD;baumif;\ wynfhjzpfaom yifv,f"m;jy (11) a,mufudkvnf; uRef;wpfuRef;odkY oGm;a&mufum &mbmvkyfief;vkyfaom
'wfcsfukefonfwpfa,mufxHwGif uReftjzpfESifh yifv,f"m;jywpfa,mufvQif aiG 500 ESifh a&mif;pm;cJhav\/
uREkfyfonf vlrSef;odwwfcgpuyif cdk;0Sufjcif; tvkyfomvQif arGUavsmfcJhonfjzpf&m ,ckuJhodkY olcdk;tBuD;pm;
"m;jyjzpfaomtcg uREkfyfp b0udk auseyfrdygonf/ odkY&mwGif q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh cGJcGm&onfh twGuf tenf;i,f
pdwfraumif;jzpfrdaMumif; 0efcH&ayrnf/
uREkfyfonf vlEHkvltwpfOD; r[kwf&m q&mudkrdk;oD;taeESifh rrif;jzLtm; arwm&SdaeaMumif; ol\rsufvHk;rsm;udk
Munfhjcif;jzifh odaeayonf/ odkY&mwGif q&mudkrdk;oD;um; vGefpGmrsdKodyfEdkifoljzpfay&m rrif;jzLtm; cspfonfMudKufonf
qdkonfh pum;udk rajymqdkkHrQru t&dyfta,mifrQyif rjycJhay/ xdktcsufrSmvnf; q&mudkrdk;oD;\ xl;qef;aom
obm0jzpfayonf/
udkMo&u
qHk;jzwfvdkufyHk&ayonf/

tqdyfcwf

toufudkvkyfBuHonfrS

rrif;jzLtm;

tNyD;tydkif

pGefYvTwf&ef

q&mudkrdk;oD;onf uREkfyfESifh vrf;cGJNyD;aemuf oD[dkVfuRef; oGm;a&mufaexdkifaMumif; od&avonf/


uREkfyfonfvnf; yifv,f"m;jytjzpfESifh yifv,ftwGif; vSnfhvnf aexdkifcJhayonf/ xdkodkYaexdkifcJh&mrS uREkfyf\ pdwfwGif
pdwful;wpfck jzpfay:vmavonf/ q&mudkrdk;oD;um; rrif;jzLudk vGefpGmcspfayonf/ odkY&mwGif udkMo&u rrif;jzLudk
tirf;r& vdkcsifaeaMumif; od&onfhtcg if;taeESifh aemufqkwfay;vdkufjcif;? wpfenf;qdk&ygrl udkMo&tm;
rdwfaqGwpfa,muf[k
todtrSwfjyKxm;onfh
twGuf
jyKEdkifcJaom
trIudk
jyKjcif;[k
qdktyfaom
taqGcifyGef;aumif;wdkYvdkufemtyfonfh usifh0wfwpfckudk vdkufemvdkufjcif;yifjzpfayonf/
xdkusifh0wfum; O'gef;t|uxm 'ku&Hua&mwd? jyKEdkifcJaomtrIudk jyK\[k azmfjyxm;ayonf/ q&mudkrdkoD;u
udkMo&udk
rrif;jzLESifh
ywfouf
rdrdtm;
tqdyfcwf
aoaMumif;BuHcJhonfudkyif
udkMo&tay:

rif;odcF
rdwfaqG0w&m;rysufqufvuf
jzpfap\/

qufqHaecJhyHkrSmvnf;

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

uREkfyftaeESifh

if;tm;

csufcsif;av;pm;MunfndKjcif;wdkYudk

uREkfyfonf q&mudkrdk;oD;\ ukd,fpm; rrif;jzLudk apmifha&Smufjcif;onfomvQif q&mudkrdk;oD;tm;


aus;Zl;qyf&mrnfayonf[k pdwful;rdonfhtwdkif; *H*,m;qdkonf uREkfyf\ wynfh a*:&if*sDukvm;av;tm; rrif;jzLudk
tpOfojzifh apmifhMunfh ab;'kuESifh BuHKvQif uREkfyfxHodkY taMumif;Mum;&ef vpm&dumrsm;ay; apcdkif;xm;ygonf/
rrif;jzL\ rdcifESifh ajAmq&mudkvmbtm; udkMo&u tdrfwpfvHk;pD aqmufay;cJhjcif;udkvnf;aumif;? rrif;jzLu
wpfESpfavmuf tNidrfhucsifao;onf qdkojzifh ucGifhjyKxm;&aom taMumif;rsm;udkvnf;aumif;? tNidrfhrS qdkif;q&m? um;qGJ?
ESJorm;ygrusef rrif;jzLESifh eD;pyfatmif wpfcGef;rQ atmifoG,fay;oltm; aiGwpfq,fwdwd ayrnf[k qdkum udkMo&u
BuHKorQvlwdkif;udk wpfcGef;ajymay;vQif aiGwpfq,fay; aeonfh owif;udkvnf;aumif; uREkfyfonf yifv,fwGif;rSae
od&Sdae&ygonf/
xdkYjyif taetxdkif ruspfvpfaom udkMo&aMumifh e*g;&wemodkuf\ ajryHkTef;ygaom"m;ajrmifudk tpOfrjywf
teHYcHaeonfh OD;armifuav;\ vlrsm;onf udkMo&qdkonfrSm udkat;aqmif(ac:) q&mrl\om; jzpfaMumif;
&dyfrdoGm;avawmh\/ xdkowif;udkvnf; uREkfyf\ vl,Hkawmfuav; *H*,m;xHrS cdkwrefawmfvTwf uREkfyftm;
today;cJhav\/
ae&m uREkfyftaeESifh azmfjy&efvdkonfrSm uREkfyfwdkY tydkifpD;vdkufaom &GufavSrSmvnf; OD;armifuav;\
&GufavSjzpfaeayonf/ uREkfyfwdkYu t&Sifvwfvwf yifv,fwGif;odkYcs owfypfcJhaom OD;armifuav;ESifh
armifat;qdkolrSmvnf; OD;armifuav;\ wynfhrsm; jzpf aeayonf/ if;armifat;qdkolrSm jrefrmjynfwGif;odkY cdk;
0ifvm;aom ppfolvQdKwpfOD;vnf; jzpfayonf/
xdkYaemuf rrif;jzLonf udkMo&tm; vufxyfrnf[k uwday;vkdufaMumif;? udkMo&uvnf; rdrdudk,frdrd
t*d&wfq&m[k [efaqmifum &efukefNrdKUpGefabmufaxmf&Gm tdrfwpfvHk;aqmuf aeyHkudkvnf; uREkfyftaeESifh
od&Sdaeayonf/
uREfkyfonf OD;armifuav;u udkMo&tm; wpfcsdefcsdef 'kuay;rnfudk od&Sdae\/ xdkodkY 'kuay;&mvnf;
udkMo&udk zrf;onfxuf rrif;jzLudk zrf;um jyefay;qGJvdrfhrnf[k uREkfyf pOf;pm;rdayonf/ udprSm uREkfyfukd,fwdkif
yifv,f"m;jrwpfOD;jzpfonfh tm;avsmfpGm OD;armifuav;vdk yifv,f"m;jrwpfOD; jyKvkyfrnfh tBuHtpnfudk a>ra>rcsif;
ajcjrifonfqdkonfh pum;uJhodkY wpfOD;\ tBuHudk wpfOD;u teD;pyfqHk; cefYrSef;wGufqEdkifcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/
xdkYaMumifh uREkfyfonf rrif;jzLudk u,fq,f&eftwGuf q&mudkrdk;oD;tm; &SmazG&avawmh\/ uREkfyfonf
uREkfyf\ &GufavSjzifh oD[dkVfuRef;bufodkY oGm;a&mufum a*gvfNrdKUqdyfurf; ukefwif&GufavSozG,f ta,mifaqmif
qdkufuyfcJhav\/ xdka*gvfNrdKU qdyfurf;rSm oD[dkVf\ &mZ0ifqdyfurf;a[mif;wpfckjzpfayonf/ avrkefwdkif;'Pfudk
cdkuyfvdkaom tdEd,? tma&As &GufavSrsm;u a&S;tcgu qdkufuyfcJh&m qdyfurf;a[mif;jzpfayonf/ ,cktcg
qdyfurf;opfrSm udkvHbdkwGif &Sdayonf/
uREkfyfonf &GufavSudk qdkufuyfNyD;aemuf q&mudkrdk;oD;tm; &SmazG&avawmh\/ &SmazG&m &Gmwpf&Gm
0ifa&muf&SmazG&onfavmuf r[kwfbJ oD[dkVfwpfEkdifiHvHk; vSnfhvnf &SmazG&jcif;jzpfay\/ q&mudkrdk;oD;tm; oD[dkVf
uREkfyf&SmazG&yHkwpfckwnf;udkyifvQif pmjzifh tjynfhtpHk a&;om;&rnfqdkygu pmtkyfxuf ESpfqxl av;qrQ BuD;aom
pmtkyfrsKd; &SpftkyfcefY jzpfay:vmp&m &Sdayonf/
udkvHbdk? *szem;? tEk&mpyk&? Ek0g&{vd,? uEdpaom NrdKUrsm;udk wpfNrdKUNyD;wpfNrdKU vSnfhvnf &SmazGcJhavonf/
oD[dkVf t*Fvdyf? tar&duef? tdEd,? yoQL;? wkwf? jrefrm? 'wfcsf paom vlrsKd;wpf&mhwpfyg;ru pHkvifouJhodkY
ajymqdkoHk;EIH;aom pum;rsm;rSmvnf; uv,f? tl&'l? *l*sLwD? jyifopf? t*Fvdyf? oD[dkVf pHk aeayonf/ uREkfyfonf
q&mudkrdk;oD;tm; &SmazG&jcif;onf aumufdk;yHkBuD;BuD;twGif;rS tyfudk &Sm&jcif;avmuf cufcJvSayonf/
aemufqHk;
&wemyl&NrdKUESifh
AvHa*gNrdKU\
tMum;&Sd
&wemajr[k
ac:qdktyfaom
ae&m&Sd
tdrfBuD;tdrfaumif;rsm;teuf wpfckaom tdrfay:odkY wufoGm;&m oD[dkVfuRef; emrnfBuD;vSaom [oFmkyfazmfxm;onfh
'rfbm&mzsmay: wifysOfxdkifvsuf eDvmBuD;wpfvHk;tm; ausmufMunfhrSefbDvl;jzifh MunfhIaeaom q&mudkrdk;oD;tm;
0rf;ajrmufzG,f&m awGU&avawmh\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

('rfbm&mzsmrSm v,form;rsm; jyKvkyfaom zsmwpfrsKd;yif jzpfygonf/ ,ckwdkifatmif urmvSnfh


c&D;onfwdkYonf xdkzsmudk oabmusqJ? awGUvsif r0,fbJraeEdkifavmufatmif vuf&majrmufaom zsmwpfrsKd;yif
jzpfygonf/)
pma&;ol
]]aMomf . . .aowmygvm;? vma[h . . . olaX;BuD; armfZefudk 1907 ckESpfu a&mif;vdkufwJh um&uf 500
eD;yg;&SdwJh eDvmBuD; NyD;&if a[m'D eDvmBuD;[m tBuD;qHk; jzpfrSmyJuG}} [k qdkum uREkfyftm; ol\ vufwGif;rS eDvmudk
jyav\/
]]q&mudkrdk;oD;&,f . . .cifAsm;eJY usKyfeJY uGJoGm;wm ESpfeJY csDNyD;aeNyD? tckvdk jyefawGYwJhtcgrSm
rif;b,fuvmovJ? bmudpvJ? ihgudk b,fvdk&SmvmovJ qdkNyD; tHhMo&r,fhtpm; aeYwdkif;vmaewJh tdrfeD;csif;wpfa,mufudk
awGU&wmavmufyJ oabmxm;ovm;Asm}} [k uREkfyfu ajymvdkuf&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u [uf[ufyufyuf &,farmNyD;aemuf . .
.
]]ighudk b,fvdk &SmvmovJ qdkwm ar;zdkY rvdkygbl;uGm/ rif;qdkwJhaumifu csufqdk&if em;cGufu
rD;awmufwJhaumifyJ? rif;vmwmvJ igodygw,f? yifv,fxJu vmwmaygh? udpuawmh rrif;jzLudpjzpf&r,f?
udkMo&toHk;rusvdkY jyemay:aeNyDvm;}}
]]cifAsm;ajymvdkufwm uGufwdudk rSefaewmyJAs}}
]]rSef&rmSaygh? rif;qdkwJhaumif[m rif;&JU udk,fa&;udk,fwm aMumifhvJ vmr,fhaumif r[kwfbl;? udkMo&twGufvJ
vmrSm r[kwfbl;? rrif;jzLtwGuf qdk&ifawmh vmcsifvmr,f r[kwfvm;}}
]]tppfyJAsKdU? rrif;jzLudk OD;armifuav;wdkYu zrf;Muawmhr,f? OD;armifuav;qdkwm q&mudkrdk;oD; odw,f
r[kwfvm;}}
]]odygw,fuGm? igwdkY tydkifpD;vdkdufwJh &GufavS[m olwdkY &GufavSyJ? NyD;awmh udkMo&&JU taz q&mrleJY twl
yifv,f"m;jr vkyfcJhwJh OD;armifuav; r[kwfvm;}}
]]cifAsm;uvJ 'DuaexdkifNyD; tukefvHk; odaeygvm;? uJAsm . . .rrif;jzLudpudk b,fvdkvkyfMurvJ}}
]]'guawmh igwdkY oGm;&rSmayghuGm? udkMo&qdkwJhvlu oem;p&myg? bmrS vkyfwwf&SmwmrS r[kwfbJ? olwdkY
uav;awG bmawG &aeMuNyDvm;}}
]]b,fuvm uav;&&rSmvJ? ,lawmif r,l&ao;bl;? tckawmh ,lcgeD;NyD}}
]][m . . .,lcgeD;rS 'kuawGUMuwmudk;? rjzpfbl;a[h? igwdkY 0if&rSmyJ? ulnD&rSmyJ? aemufaemifudk OD;armifuav;
0ifrIyfEdkifatmif wpfcgwnf; tjywf&Sif;&vdrfhr,f aowma&}}
]]aeygOD; q&mudkrdk;oD; 'DrSm bmvkyfaewmvJ}}
]]igu ausmufwGif; olaX;BuD;avuGm? urmay:rSm e0&wfudk;yg;pvHk;xGufwJh ae&mudk jyygqdk&if oD[dkVfudk
jy&r,fuG? oD[dkVf[m wu,fh&wemajryJ? a&S;&mZ0if ajym&&if rif;odrSm r[kwfbl;? yHkjyifajym&r,f? yHkjyifxJu
oabFmom;qif;bwf[m q&if'ufqdkwJh &wemuRef;udka&mufoGm;w,fvdkY qdkxm;w,f r[kwfvm;? tJ'g
oD[dkVfuRef;udkajymwmuG? at;av . . . reufjzef c&D;xGufMuwmaygh}}
uREkfyfonf q&mudkrdk;oD;tdrf wpfnwmrQ wnf;cdkav\/ udkrdk;oD;onf oD[dkVfuRef;wGif ausmufrsuf&wem
txGufqHk;ae&m aexdkifum tpdk;&xHwGif vdkifpifcH ausmufwGif;rsm; wl;azmfcJh&m vGefpGmcsrf;om<u,f0aomtjzpfodkY
a&muf&Sdaeav\/ uREkfyftm; tkef;xrif;? tkef;oD;ESifh csufjyKwfaom[if;rsm;? tcsKdrkefYrsm; auR;arG; aumif;pGm
{nfh0wfjyKNyD;vQif ntcg oD[dkVfuRef;\ tvGefxif&Sm;aom *Dwjzpfonfh ]]&mAe}}ac:aom AHkwdkwD;0dkif;ESifh e,&'D Oa'uD
tp&Sdaom eef;wGif; tuobifwpfckudk iSm;&rf; azsmfajzav\/
uREkfyfonf Oa'uDtuudk uvsuf&Sdaom oD[dkVfuacsonfrav;udk Munfh . . .
]]q&mudkrdk;oD; 'DuyGJudk MunfhNyD; usKyfwdkYESpfa,muf rrif;jzL tNidrfhtzGJUrSm vl&TifawmfawG vkyfcJhMuyHkudk
owd&w,fAsm}} [k ajymvdkuf&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u . . .
]]tppfyJuGm? igvJ owd&w,fuG}}
]]q&mudkrdk;oD; owd&wJhtxJrSm rrif;jzLudk ydkNyD; owd&vdrfhr,fxifw,f}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

q&mudkrdk;oD;onf vHk;0 tajzray;awmhbJ NidrfoGm;avonf/ q&mudkrdk;oD; onf rrif;jzLtm; 'DwpfoufwGif


rarhEdkifawmhaMumif; ola&csKd;pOfu vufarmif; ywfxm;aom rrif;jzLay;vdkufonfh ig;yJwef xrif;ajcmufykwD;av;udk
awGUjrif&jcif;aMumifh twwfajymvdkufEdkifjcif; jzpfayonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf xdkn tdyfraysmfMubJ a&S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpfrsm;udk ajymqdkaeMuav\/ aemufaeY eHeufapmapm
a*gvfNrdKUqdyfurf;odkY oGm;a&muf c&D;xGufMuavawmh\/
q&mudkrdk;oD; tazmfwpfa,mufygvmavonf/ xdktazmf\ trnfrSm udkcsOfaygif[l jzpf\/ udkcsOfaygifonf
trnfomvQif xl;qef;onf r[kwfay/ vluvnf; qef;ayonf/ tpm;taomufrSmvnf; csOfaygif[if;udkomvQif
trsm;qHk; pm;aomufwwfayonf/ udkcsOfaygifonf jrefrmvlrsKd;jzpfNyD;vQif &mZ0wfrIrsm; usL;vGefzl; 0&rf;ajy;&if;
oD[dkVfodkYa&muf&Sdvmum udkrdk;oD;xH aexdkifjcif;jzpfonf/
udkcsOfaygif uRrf;usifaom ynmwpfck&Sd\/ xdkynmrSm ausmufrsuf&wem trsKd;rsKd;udk ta&mif;&
wGifus,fap&ef &Gwfzwfaom rEefudk wwfuRrf;jcif;yifjzpfayonf/ uREkfyfonf xdktwwfynmudk pdwfr0ifpm;onfh
tavsmuf ar;jref;jcif; rjyKaomfvnf; udkcsOfaygif\ t&nftcsif;udk prf;oyfvdkojzifh ykvif;uGJomom ausmufeDvufpGyf
wpfuGif;udk yifv,fjyif c&D;oGm;aepOfwGifyif vQKdU0SufpGm rEef&Gwfqdkap xdkvufpGyftm; vuf 0wfqifxm;cJhavonf/
&wemypnf;udk 0wfavh0wfxr&Sdaom uREkfyfu odkY vufpGyf0wfqifxm;jcif;udk awGU&aomtcg
xrif;csufaom a*:&if*sDukvm;u uREkfyftm; qvHtrsKd;rsKd;ay; if;\cg;Mum; uyvmac: t0wfydkif;uav;jzifh vdrf
xm;aom aiGajcmufq,fudk xkwf twif;0,f,lojzifh uREkfyfvnf; a&mif;csvdkuf&ygonf/ wpfcsufwnf;ESifhyif
udkcsOfaygif\ tpGrf;udk todtrSwfjyK&rnfuJhodkY jzpfae\/
uREkfyfwdkYonf jrefrmjynfodkY a&muf&Sdonfhtcg unifukef;[laom vGefpGmacgifonfh yifv,fydkif;&Gmuav;
&GufavSudkqdkuf kyfzsufum &efukefodkY oHk;a,mufom; wufvmMuNyD;vQif tcsdef;tcsufvkyfxm;aom ae&m
uREkfyf\wynfh *H*,m;qdkonfh ukvm;uav;ESifh awGUqHk&m rrif;jzLtm; OD;armifuav;wdkYvlpk zrf;oGm;aMumif;
od&onfhtjyif udkMo&ESifh OD;armifuav;\ vl,Hkawmfonf rrif;jzLESifh ywfouf tay;t,lajymqdk&ef a&Twd*Hkbk&m;
csdef;xm;cJhzl;onfudkyg *H*,m;xHrS od&Sd&ojzifh udkcsOfaygiftm; bk&m;ay:odkY ac:oGm;NyD; udkMo&udk Tefjy
OD;armifuav;\vla,mifaqmifum udkMo&ESifh OD;armifuav;wdkY rrif;jzLESifhywfouf qufoG,fMuyHkudk uREkfyfwdkY
od&SdEdkif&eftwGuf ]]tpf}} &av\/
udkMo&tm;
uREkfyfwdkY
a&muf&dSvmaMumif;udk
oGm;a&mufawGUqHkcJhygu
udkMo&udk
tpOfojzifh
apmifhMunfhvsuf&Sdaom OD;armifuav;\vlrsm; &dyfrdoGm;Edkifonfu wpfaMumif;? tjcm;taMumif;wpfckrSm uREkfyfwdkYonf
rrif;jzLtm; ulnDNyD;aemuf tNyD;tydkif jyefxGufoGm;Murnfjzpf&m? uREkfyfwdkY vma&mufulnDaMumif;udk q&mudkrdk;oD;taeESifh
rrif;jzLudk todray;csifonfhtaMumif;vnf; yg0ifayonf/ uREkfyftm; ajymonfrSm . . .
]]igwdkYvmNyD; ulnDwmudk rrif;jzLrodapcsifbl;? igwdkYudk aooGm;NyDvdkY xifvufpeJY wpfcgwnf;
xifoGm;ygapuGm? 'Dawmh rrif;jzLudk b,fvdk jyefa&G;&r,fqdkwJh udpudkvnf; udkMo&udk oGm;ar;raeeJYawmh?
*H*,m;ajymwJhtwdkif;qdk&if
jyefay;orm;awGeJY
a&Twd*Hkbk&m;rSm
csdef;wwfw,fqdkyJ?
tJ'DrSm
csOfaygifu
jyefay;orm;a,mifaqmifNyD; udkMo&eJY awGUwJhtjzpftysufudk ]tpf} ,lcJh? usefwm wdkY[mwdkY qufvkyfr,f}} [kajymav\/
uREkfyfwdkYonf q&mudkrdk;oD;\ pum;twdkif; udkcsOfaygifudkvTwf udkMo&xHrS pum;udk tpf\/ udkMo&uvnf;
rrif;jzLudk jyefay;qGJolrsm;trSwfjzifh ar;orQudk ajymcJhavonf/ xdkYaemuf jyefay;orm;aemufrS aemufa,mifcH
vdkufoGm;NyD;vQif q&mudkrdk;oD;u OD;armifuav;xHodkY rrif;jzLESifh uREkfyftm; tvJtvS,f jyKvkyfcJhygonf/
rrif;jzLtm; q&mudkrdk;oD;udk,fwdkif jrif;vSnf;ESifh xdknu tdrfta&muf vdkufydkYcJhaomfvnf;
q&mudkrdk;oD;rSef; rod&SmcJhyg/

rrif;jzLrSm

uREkfyfudkrl OD;armifuav;onf vufxdyfaygufpuav;ESifh cwfum if;tdrfatmufxyf tcef;wGif; zrf;


xm;ygonf/ e*g;&wemodkufrS uREkfyfwdkYESpfOD; &&Sdxm;aom a0pkESpfpkudk aowm xnfhumvm q&mudkrdk;oD;u ay;rS
OD;armifuav;onf uRekfyftm; vTwfay;&efjzpf\/
uREkfyfonf jrefrmjynfodkY a&mufonfhaeYrSp qD;a&m*g jzpfyGm;cJh&m rMumcP tef ae\/ qD;rSm
eEGif;a&mifuJhodk 0gxdefae\/ aemufaz;oGm;vQifvnf; aemufaz;ta&mifrSm qD;a&m*gaMumifh xHk;ajcmufa&mifuJhodkY jzLazG;
aeayonf/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

uREkfyfonf OD;armifuav;xH tzrf;cHae&onfh tcsdef a&m*gtajctaevnf; qdk; aeygonf/


OD;armifuav;onf uREkfyftm; vufxdyfcwfNyD;aemuf ol\vlESpfa,mufudk ac: jyNyD;vQif atmufygtwdkif; ajymav\/
]]armifaus;NrD; . . .a[m'Daumifu aowmvdkY ac:w,f? odyfNyD; Pfrsm;w,f? owdxm;uG,fh?
olUrSmtazmfwpfa,muf
&Sdao;w,f?
rdk;oD;vdkY
ac:w,f?
'DaumifawGu
wu,fhvlqdk;
vlrdkufBuD;awG?
yifv,f"m;jrBuD;awGuG? 'DaumifawG &ufpuf,kwfrmwmuawmh rajymeJY? usKyf&JU &GufavSwpfpD;udk tydkifpD;oGm;Hkrubl;?
usKyf&JUvlawGudkowf? avSorm;awGudk uReftjzpfeJY a&mif;pm;cJhwm? 'DaumifawGeJY&ifqdkifzdkY usKyf[m odyfNyD;aMumufaew,f?
'gaMumifh armifaus;NrD;&JU owd&SdyHkudk wpfqifhpum;Mum;&uwnf;u usKyfu odyfNyD; 0rf;ajrmufcJhw,f/
'DaumifawGudk ,SOfzdkY armifaus;NrD;&JU tultnD trsm;BuD; vdkwJhtwGuf armifaus;NrD;udk usKyfuvmNyD;
rdwfzGJUcJh&w,f? tckawmh 'Daumifhudk rdxm;NyD? olYq&mu olYudk &wemaowmeJY vmNyD;vJvdrfhr,f? usKyfu jyefay;qGJwm
r[kwfbl;? usKyf&JU &GufavSudk ,lNyD; usKyfvlawGudk owfoGm;wJhtwGuf avsmfaMu;awmif;wJhoabmyg? tJ'Dae&mrSm olUq&m
rdk;oD;qdkwJhaumifu usKyfudk 'kuay;&if armifaus;NrD;u ulnDzdkYygyJ}} [k qdkav\/
xdkpum;udkaxmufvQif aus;NrD;qdkolonf OD;armifuav;udk ,cifu roduRrf;cJhaMumif; aocsm\/ xdkYjyif
OD;armifuav;onf rw&m;vkyfjcif; r[kwf&aMumif; aus;NrD;udk &Sif;jyaejcif;jzpf&m aus;NrD;rSm OD;armifuav;\
wynfhr[kwfaMumif; odom\/ rw&m;vkyfvdkaom olwpfa,mufr[kwfaMumif;vnf; odomEdkifayonf/ odkY&mwGif
aus;NrD;um; OD;armifuav;qdkol\ jzm;a,mif;apcdkif;jcif;udk aqmif&Gufae&oljzpfayonf/ xdkYaemuf OD;armifuav;u
quf ajymjyefonfrSm . . .
]]rrif;jzLudk usKyf[m rzrf;csifygbl;? rrif;jzLudk zrf;rS 'DaumifawG vmrSmrdkY zrf;&wmyg armifaus;NrD;? 'Dawmh
&wemaowm
vmNyD;ay;wJhaeYrSm
a[m'DaowmqdkwJh
aumifudk
rvTwfbJ
armifaus;NrD;udk
aowm
qdkwJhaumifa,mifaqmifNyD; vTwfvdkufr,f? rdk;oD;u aowmrSwfNyD; armif&ifhudk ac:oGm;vdrfhr,f? tJ'DtcgrSm rdk;oD;udk rdrd&&
wG,fayawmh}} [k uREkfyfa&SUyif rSmMum;aeonfudk axmuf OD;armifuav;onf uREkfyfudkvnf; t&Sifxm;vdrfhrnf
r[kwfaMumif; uREkfyfod&ayNyD/ uREkfyfrSm a&m*gwdk;vmojzifh rnfonfhtpm;tpmudkrQ rpm;EdkifbJ tefomaeav\/
OD;armifuav;\ tjcm;aomvlwpfa,mufrSm &mr[k ac:ayonf/ if;&mrqdkolrSm OD;armifuav;\ wynfh&if;
jzpfayonf/ tm;vyfonfhtcgrsm; aus;NrD;\ wa,mvufoHudk Mum;&\/ aus;NrD;onf wa,mxdk;aumif;wpfa,muf
jzpfayonf/
uREkfyftm; arSmifrdkufaom tcef;usOf;uav;twGif; xnfhum tjyifrS ydwfavSmif xm;ayonf/ uREkfyfonf
OD;armifuav;vufwGif;rS vGwfajrmuf&ef BudK;pm;&av\/ uREkfyfrSm tpmr0ifonfhtwGuf tiftm;rsm; csnfheJYaeonfjzpf&m
vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf tcuftcJ awGU&av\/
uREkfyf e*dkuyif 0Suf ,lcJhaomuvpfac: qHnyfuav;wpfacsmif;&Sday&m xdkuvpfuav;onf vufxdyfudk
jzKwf&eftwGuf toHk;0ifayonf/ odkY&mwGif tcef;udk azmuf&efrSm tcuftcJ &Sdaejyef\/ csufcsif; azmufxGufvnf;
rjzpfEdkifay/ aeraumif;jzpfaeojzifh vGwfatmifajy;Edkif&ef tcGifhaumif;wpfckudk apmifharQmfae&av\/
uREkfyfwdkY olcdk;rsm; azmufxGif;enf;? wHcg;zGifhenf;? *sufteD;odkY ukvm;atmfjzifh cyfjyif;jyif; ajAmif;ueJ
dkufzGifhvdkufaomenf; jzpfayonf/ tdrf&Sifrsm; tdyfaysmfaepOf wuRduRdjzifh rEdk;rcsif; azmufaeonfxuf wpfcsufaumif;
ajAmif;ueJ dkufzGifhaomenf;onf wpfcgwpf&H tdrf&Sifrsm; rEdk;bJ wHcg;wpfcsyfudk wpfcsufwnf;ESifh yGifhapygonf/
xdkaMumifh OD;armifuav;wdkY tdyfarmuscsdef uREkfyfonf *suf&Sd&mae&mtm; wGufq wpfcsufaumif;enf;jzifh ajAmif;ueJ
udk,fvHk;wdkuf zGifhvdkuf&m arsmufvufjyKwfxGuf oGm;\/ odkY&mwGif acsmif;pyfrS wa,mxdk;aeaom aus;NrD; tdrfwGif;odkY
0ifvmojzifh Nidrfae&av\/ xdkYaemuf aus;NrD;tdrfay:odkY wufoGm;NyD;vQif jyKwfoGm;aom arsmufvufudk tajcrysuf
jyef wyfqif&jyef\/ xdkokdYwyfqifxm;rSomvQif uREkfyfwHcg;udk zGifhxm;aMumif; r&dyfrdEdkifawmhay/
uRekfyfonf jyKwfxGufoGm;aom arsmufvufrS 0uftl&pfaygufudk opfwdkopfprsm;jzifh oyfyif; jyefxnfhNyD;vQif
tcef;twGif; rlvtwdkif; jyefae\/ xdkodkY tcef;wGif;odkY r0ifrD tjyifbuf awGU&aom armfawmfum;
ypnf;rsm;tMum;rS "m;ajrmifwpfacsmif;udk awGUojzifh xdk"m;ajrmifudkyg tcef;wGif;odkY ,lcJhav\/
uRekfyfonf xdknu wpfnvHk;rtdyfbJ acsmif;bufrS ysOfESpfcsyfudk cGmum jyef tomaxmifum xm;jyef\/
odkY jyKvkyfNyD;aemuf tcef;axmifhwGif "m;ajrmifudkzGufum pdwfcsvufcs tdyfavawmh\/ uRekfyfraoEdkifawmh/
uREkfyfvdktyfonfhtcg xGufoGm;&ef taygufESpfayguf &SdaeayNyD/ aomhcwfxm;aom wHcg;rSmvnf; uREkfyfbufrS
uefvdkufvQif yGifhoGm;Edkifayrnf/ arsmufvufrSm wnf;HkrQom jyefwnf;xm;jcif; jzpfayonf/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

xdktaygufrS rvdkvQifvnf; acsmif;bufusaom eH&H uREkfyfonf ysOfudkcGmxm;NyD;jzpfay&m aoab;twGuf


vHk;0ylyefjcif; r&Sdawmh/ ,ckyif xGufvdku xGufoGm;Edkifayonf/ odkY&mwGif uRekfyfu xGufroGm;vdkao;?
aemufqHk;tcsdeftxd apmifhMunfhum OD;armifuav;tm; tjywf&Sif;oGm;vdkayao;onf/
aemufwpfaeY eHeufapmapm &mru uREkfyftm; qefjyKwfvm ay;onf/ uRekfyfu qm;ryg qm;awmif;&m . .
.
]]a[haumif. . . 'grif;twGuf aemufqHk;&dumuG? aMu;(*sD;) rsm;raeeJY}} [k &mru ajymavonf/
]]at; . . .[kwfw,f? aemufqHk;&dumqdkawmh aumif;aumif;av;pm;csifwmayghuGm}} [k uREkfyfu ajymvdkuf&m
&mru ]r&bl;} [kqdkav\/
]]rif;wdkY[m ighudkjyefvTwfrS q&mudkrdk;oD; rif;wdkYudk &wemaowmay;rSm r[kwfvm;? ighudkowf&if rif;wdkY
&wemaowmb,f&awmhrvJ}} [k uREkfyfu ajym&m . . .
]]rif;wdkYudk igwdkY q&mBuD; OD;armifuav;u awmfw,fvdkY cPcPajymw,f? rif;wdkY bmawmfvdkYvJ?
tvum;aumifawG? rif;udkjyefrvTwfbl;? owfypfrSm? rif;tpm; udkaus;NrD;udk ay;vdkufrSm? rif;q&m udkrdk;oD;u aus;NrD;udk
rif;trSwfeJY ac:oGm;&ifawmh a>rayG;udk cg;ydkufydkufoGm;ovdkjzpfrSmyJ? udkaus;NrD;u wu,fawmfwJh Aefwdkorm;}} [k &mru
ajymav\/ uREkfyfu . . .
]]aus;NrD;udk oGm;ay;awmh igrS r[kwfbJ? q&mudkrdk;oD;u vufcHyghrvm;}} [k ajymjyef&m . . .
]]rif;t0wftpm;awGudk 0wfay;r,f? acgif;rSm rsufESmzHk; pGyfay;xm;r,f? b,fvdkvkyf odrvJ}} [k &mru
ajymav\/
]]at; . . .'Dvdkqdk&ifawmh [kwfw,f? aeprf;ygOD;? rif;wdkYu ypnf;&&ifNyD;wmyJ? igwdkYudk bmjzpfvdkYowfMurSmvJ}}
[k uREkfyfu ajym&m . . .
]]owf&rSmayghuG? rif;wdkYu igwdkY &GufavSBuD;udk tydkifpD;NyD; OD;baumif;wdkY? udkat;odef;wdkYudk owfcJhwmyJ?
'Dudp[m igudk,fwdkif tESpfESpftvv pHkprf;cJhvdkY oJvGefp&cJhwmudk,fhvl? q&mBuD;qDudk igyJ vQKdU0SufpmeJY
taMumif;Mum;cJhwm? tJ'g rif;wdkYudk q&mBuD;u b,fawmhrS rauseyfbl;}}
]]at;av owfawmhvJ owfwmayghuGm? 'gayr,fh raocifawmh aumif;aumif; pm;csifw,f}}
]]r&bl;}}
&mronf uREkfyftm; wHcg;ydwf aomhcwfNyD;aemuf xGufoGm;avonf/ uREkfyfonf &,fcsifvSayonf/
uREkfyfonf q&mudkrdk;oD;\ Pf&nfPfaoG;udk ,HkMunfayonf/ enf;avmufjzifh q&mudkrdk;oD;ukd vSnfhpm;
r&Edkifay/
xdkenf;wlpGm uREkfyf\ t&nftcsif;udk ,HkMunfpdwfcsaomaMumifh uREkfyftm; &efol\ axmifacsmuftwGif;odkY
"m;pmcHtjzpf q&mudkrdk;oD;u tyfvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
uRekfyfwdkYonf tcsdwftquf vkyfxm;&efrvdkay/ wpfOD;u rnfodkY rnfyHkvkyfrnfudk usefwpfOD;u rSef;q
odae\/ uREkfyfwdkYtzdkY udponf rrif;jzL\ tNidrfhpifay:odkY ZmwfrwdkufbJ vl&Tifawmftjzpf wpfOD;t&dyftuJudk
wpfOD;Munfhum jyKvkyf&onfavmuf cufcJjcif; r&Sdyg/
xdkaeYwpfaeYvHk; &mronf uREkfyf\ tcef;a&SU vm xdkifapmifhae\/ nrD;xGef;csdefa&mufonfhtcg &mrxHodkY
OD;armifuav;qif;vmNyD; atmufygtwdkif; ajymqdkMuav\/
]]aus;NrD;udk 'DxJuaumif&JU tusudk ,lNyD; 0wfay;vdkuf? yg;pyfudk pnf;NyD;rS acgif;pGyfpGyf? a[m'DvufxdyfeJYvJ
aemufuae cwfay;? Mum;vm;}}
]]q&m . . . vufxdyfcwfxm;awmh rdk;oD;eJY awGU&if wdkufcdkufzdkY cufaerSmaygh}} [k &mruajym&m . . .
]]rdk;oD;udk olYvlrSwfNyD; ac:oGm;rSmyg? [dkusawmh jzKwfay;&if aus;NrD;u rdk;oD;udk owfr,f? vufxdyfrjzKwfcifrSm
rdk;oD;u olYvlr[kwfrSef;od&ifawmh aus;NrD;udk rdk;oD;u owfr,f}} [k OD;armifuav;u ajymav\/
]]udkaus;jrD;aovdkY b,fjzpfrvJ}} [k &mruajym&m . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]ao&ifvJ aumif;wmyJuG? trSefawmh rdk;oD;uvJ racbl;? ESpf,mufpvHk; olaoudk,fao owfMuvdrfhr,f?


ESpfa,mufpvHk; ao&ifvJ aumif;wmyJ? EdkYrdkY&if igwdkY&r,fh &wemawGudk aus;NrD;udkvJ cGJay;ae&OD;r,f}} [k OD;armifuav;u
ajymav\/
]]I; . . .wdk;wdk; q&m? 'DxJuaumif Mum;oGm;OD;r,f}}
]]'Daumifu aor,fhaumifyJuGm}}
]]'geJYaeygOD; q&m? uRefawmfwdkYu aus;NrD;udk yg;pyfvJydwfr,f? vufxdyfvnf;cwfr,f qdkwm olu cHyghrvm;}}
]]&ygw,fuGm? aus;NrD;[m towftykwfuRrf;usifw,f?
Pfr&Sdbl;uG? wdkYvSdrfh&if &ygw,f}} [k OD;armifuav;u ajymav\/

owd&Sdw,f?

r[kwfrcHpdwf&Sdw,f?

'gayr,fh

q&mwynfhwdkYum; aus;NrD;tay:yif taumufBuH aeMuayNyD/ xdktcsdef acsmif;bufrS wa,moHudk


Mum;&av\/ aus;NrD;onf OD;armifuav;wdkY taumufBuHjcif;udk rod&Smay/
odkYESifhyif n(12)em&D xdk;cgeD;tcsdefodkY a&mufvmavawmh\/ OD;armifuav;? &mrESifhaus;NrD;wdkYonf
uREkfyftcef;odkY vmzGifhNyD;vQif &mru ]a[haumif . . .tuscRwf} [k qdkojzifh uREkfyfvnf; tuscRwf ay;&av\/
xdktcg &mru ]aeOD;? rif;udkawmh OD;baumif;wdkY aoovdk ao&atmif NyD;rS a&ESpfowfr,f} [k qdkum wHcg;udk jyef
ydwfav\/ uREkfyfonf acsmif;Munfh &aomtaygufuav;rSae xdkoloHk;OD;tm; acsmif;Munfhrdav\/
]]uJ . . .armifaus;NrD; 'Dtus0wfuGm? 'grS rdk;oD;u rif;udk aowmvdkYxifrSm}} [k OD;armifuav;u ajymvdkuf&m
aus;NrD;onf tusudk 0wfvdkufav\/
]]ydkNyD; ,kwd&SdoGm;atmif aemufuae vufxdyfcyfay;vdkufr,f? olu jzKwfay;rS rif;uaqmfayawmh}} [k qdkum
vufxdyfaygufpuav;jzihf cwfvdkufjyef\/ xdkYaemuf yg;pyfudkyg t0wfpnf;jyef\/ t0wfpnf;NyD;umrS acgif;pGyfudk
pGyfjyef\/ aus;NrD;um; OD;armifuav;ajymorQudk ,HkMunfpGm vdkufvkyfae\/ trSefpifppf Pfr&Sdaomol jzpfayonf/
OD;armifuav;wdkY xGufoGm;NyD;aemuf uREkfyfonf wHcg;udk aqmifhwGef; xGufvmcJhav\/ tcef;axmifhwGif
0Sufxm;aom "m;ajrmifudkvnf; wpfygwnf; ,laqmifcJhNyD;vQif tdrfay:odkYwufum OD;armifuav;\ ADdkudkzGifh
tuswpfxnfudk0wf\/
vHkcsnfrSmvnf;
npfywfaya&aeNyDjzpfonfhtavsmuf
vHkcsnftopfwpfxnfudkyg
vJvS,fvdkufav\/ xdkYaemuf atmufxyfodkY qif;um *dka'gifa[mif;tuG,frS ae tjzpftysufudk MunfhI&avawmh\/
va&mifatmufwGif vlrsm;vIyf&Sm;ae\/ jrif;vSnf;wpfpD; a&mufvmNyD;vQif jrif;vSnf;ay:rS q&mudkrdk;oD;
qif;vmNyD;aemuf aowmBuD;wpfvHk;udk csav\/ xdkYaemuf acsmif;bufodkYavQmufoGm;av\/ jrif;vSnf;u ol\ ab;rS
armif;oGm;av\/ jrif;vSnf;armif;olrSm udkcsOfaygif jzpfayonf/
xdkYaemuf q&mudkrdk;oD;onf jrif;vSnf;teD;rS cGm a&SUodkYxGufvm\/ jrif;vSnf;u cyfa0;a0;wGif oGm;
&yfav\/
OD;armifuav;bufrS &mru a&S;OD;pGm xGuf aowmBuD;&Sd&modkY oGm;av\/ xdkYaemuf OD;armifuav;ESifh
aus;NrD;wdkYonf q&mudkrdk;oD;qDodkY OD;wnf avQmufoGm;NyD;vQif c&D;wpf0ufavmuf OD;armifuav;u aowmBuD;bufodkY
OD;wnf vrf;cGJoGm;av\/
aus;NrD;rSmrl q&mudkrdk;oD;&Sd&modkY wnfhwnfhrwfrwfBuD; oGm;av\/ teD;odkY a&mufvQif q&mudkrdk;oD;onf
uRekfyftrSwfESifh aus;NrD;udkrsm; jrif;vSnf;ESifh wif ac:rsm;oGm;rnfvm;[k pdk;&drfrdao;awmh\/
aus;NrD;um; wpfvSrf;csif; q&mudkrdk;oD;xHodkY oGm;ae\/ q&mudkrdk;oD;teD;odkY a&mufvQif udkrdk;oD;onf cg;rS
"m;ajrmifudkxkwf aus;NrD;\ &if0tm; xdk;pdkufvdkufonfudkvnf;aumif;? aus;NrD;acGvJusoGm;onfudkvnf;aumif;
va&mifatmuf aumif;pGm jrif&ayonf/
xdktcg OD;armifuav;vnf; aowmBuD;qDodkY qufroGm;awmhyJ *dka'gifbufodkY jyef auGUum
ajy;vmav\/ xdktcg uREkfyfonf *dka'gifab;rS ajy;xGufoGm;&m OD;armifuav;onf uREkfyfESifhyufyif;wdk;onfhtcg
tHhtm;oifh oGm;av\/ uREkfyfonf vufwGif;rS "m;ajrmifESifh OD;armifuav;tm; tNyD;tydkifpD&ifvdkufav\/
tjzpftysufudk awGUjrif&aom aowmBuD;teD;rS &mronf um;vrf;bufodkY xGufajy;avawmh\/ xdktcg
uREkfyfonf aowmqDodkY ajy;oGm;NyD;vQif aowmudkxrf;av\/ q&mudkrdk;oD;rSmrl aus;NrD;udk owfNyD;aemuf jrif;vSnf;qDodkY
ajy;wufoGm;&m jrif;vSnf;vnf; xGufoGm;av\/ odkY&mwGif uREkfyfaowmBuD;udk xrf;vmonfudk awGUojzifh

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh udkcsOfaygifwdkYonf jrif;vSnf;udk uREkfyfxHodkY armif;vmum uRekfyfESifh aowmBuD;udk vSnf;ay:odkYwif


um;vrf;twdkif;
jrif;vSnf;udk
armif;xGufcJhav\/
ykZGefawmifaps;wHwm;ay:odkYa&mufaomtcg
twGif;rS
tkwfcJrsm;omygaom uRef;aowmBuD;tm; a&xJodkY ypfcscJhavawmh\/
]]q&mudkrdk;oD;&,f . . . cifAsm;em;udk aus;NrD;a&mufcgeD;wJhtcsdefrSm usKyfu odrSodyghrvm;vdkY pdwfylrdao;wm?
cifAsm;u "m;eJYxdk;vdkufwmudkawGYrSyJ pdwfat;awmhw,fAsm}} [k uREkfyfu ajymvdkuf&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u . . .
]]atmifrav; aowm&,f . . . igodygw,fuGm? nmbufajcusif;0wfae&mrSm trm&GwfjzLBuD;udk
rawGU&uwnf;u rif;r[kwfbl;qdkwm igodygw,fuG? NyD;awmh rif;[m wu,fh ta&;wBuD;vkyf&wJhtcgrsKd;rSm
zdeyfb,fawmhrS pD;avhr&Sdbl;? tckaumifuawmh uif;bwfzdeyfBuD;eJY r[kwfvm;}} [k ajymvdkuf&m uRekfyfonf
q&mudkrdk;oD;\ rSwfPfaumif;yHk tqHk;tjzwfjrefyHkudk csD;usL;&jyef\/
]]xm;ygawmhAsm? usKyfb,fvdk xGufvmr,fqdkwma&m q&mudkrdk;oD;odovm;}} [k uREkfyfu ar;jyef&m
q&mudkrdk;oD;u . . .
]]a[h aowm . . .rif;u rxGufbJ tuGufaumif;acsmif;NyD; tcsdefapmifhaewmyg?
raeYavmufuwnf;u rif;&JU xGufaygufudk rif;&SmNyD;NyD r[kwfvm;}} [k ajymvdkuf&m xyfcsD;usL;&jyef\/
]]usKyfuvJAsm.
q&mudkrdk;oD;&,f}}

.OD;armifuav;wdkY

zrf;xm;uwnf;u

qD;a&m*gESdyfpufvdkufwm

wu,fawmh
rajymygeJYawmh

]]a[h . . .aowm arhoGm;NyDvm;uG? ukvm;rsufpd ac:bdjrpfa&? usKdaomufayu qdkwJh vuFmavuGm}}


]]aMomf . . .rSwfrdNyD? pG,fpHkausmfxif tOfum&efu tajzr[kwfvm;}}
]]at; . . .[kwfw,f}}
ukvm;rsufpd? ac:bdjrpfa&? usKdaomufayu qdkaomvuFmrSm q&mudkrdk;oD;? udkMo&ESifh uREkfyfwdkYoHk;OD;
{&m0wDjrpfdk;twdkif; avSjzifh pkefcJhpOfu uRekfyfu avSOD;rS ar;cGef;rsm; ar; q&mudkrdk;oD;u avSyJhrSae ajzcJhaom
ykpmrsm;teuf qD;a&m*gonfrsm;aomuf&ef aq;enf; vuFmjzpfayonf/
uREkfyfwdkYonf a`E&&yif &GufavS&Sd&modkY jyefoGm;NyD;vQif &GufvGifhcJhMuav\/ q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh udkcsOfaygiftm;
uRekfyfonf oD[dkVfuRef; a*gvfNrdKUqdyfurf;txd &GufavSjzifh vdkuf ydkYcJhNyD;aemuf uREkfyfurl uREkfyf\
yifv,f"m;jrvkyfief;twGuf rkwryifv,fauGUqDodkY jyef &GufvTifhvmcJhavawmh\/
odkY&mwGif rsm;rMumrD&ufydkif; *H*,m;xHrSpmwpfapmif &&Sdjyef\/ xdkpmrSm rrif;jzLudk zrf;vdkufaMumif;ESifh
rrif;jzLudk tjypfay;rnf[k cefYrSef;&aMumif; pmyifjzpfayonf/ uREkfyfvnf; NrdwfodkY a&mufaomtcg
todbkef;BuD;ausmif;rS owif;pmrsm;udk pkaqmif; zwfMunfh&m rrif;jzL\ owif;rsm;onf tawmfuav;qdk;&Gm;aeaMumif;
od&ojzifh owif;pmrsm;udkyg,l q&mudkrdk;oD;&Sd&m oD[dkVfodkY oGm;&jyefav\/
q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh awGUaomtcg q&mudkrdk;oD;onf owif;pmygaom rrif;jzL\owif;udk zwfMunfhNyD;aemuf
...
]]rjzpfbl;aowma& . . . igwdkYoGm;NyD; tzrf;cHrS jzpfawmhr,f? rrif;jzLawmh 'kua&mufaeNyDa[h?
'DwpfcgoGm;wmuawmh BudK;pifudk oGm;&rS jzpfw,f? rif;aum b,fvdkqHk;jzwfovJ}} [kuREkfyftm;ar;&m uREkfyfuvnf; . . .
]] BudK;pifwuf&rSmu udp r&Sdygbl; q&mudkrdk;oD;&JU? tkef;qHBudK;eJY vnfyif;pGyfwJhtcgrSm ,m;w,fAs? usKyfu
odyfNyD; ,m;wwfwm}} [k aemufajymifvdkuf&m q&mudkrdk;oD;u [uf[ufyufyuf &,farmNyD;aemuf . . .
]]rif;u igxifwmxuf ydkNyD;awmfaew,f aowm? uJ . . .uJ . . . igwdkY tvkyfpMur,f? yxrqHk; vkyf&r,f
tvkyfuawmh igydkifwJh ypnf;awGeJY &wemawGudk aq;HkawG? pmoifausmif;awG? bmoma&; taqmuftOD;awGudk
vSLypf7r,f? 'kwd,tvkyfu rif;eJUig oD[dkVfu bkef;BuD;wpfyg;yg;qDrSm t&Sifvwfvwf o&P*HkwifoGm;Mu&vdrfhr,f}}
[kqdkum q&mudkrdk;oD;onf if;ydkifypnf;rsm;udk vSL'gef;av\/ udkcsOfaygifudkrl vufonf;cGHrQ&Sdaom
eDvmuav;wpfvHk;udkom vufaqmiftjzpfay;av\/ xdkYxufydk wpfpHkwpf&mray;cJhay/
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf &ufydkif;twGif; ypnf;Opmrsm;udk vHk;0OHkukefcef;onftxd vSL'gef;ypfNyD;aemuf
uREkfyfuvnf; uREkfyfydkif ypnf;Opmrsm;udk vSL'gef;jcif;? cGJa0ay;oifhonfudk cGJa0ay;jcif; paom tvkyfrsm;vkyf&av\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

uREkfyfonf uREkfyf\ ypnf;trsm;pktm; yifv,fydkif;&Sd unifukef;&GmrS q&mawmfOD;auo&\


jrefrmjynft&yf&yf&Sd bmoma&;taqmufttHkESifh aq;Hkrsm; vSL'gef;apcJhygonf/

tultnDjzifh

uREkfyfESifh q&mudkrdk;oD;wdkYonf oD[dkVfbkef;BuD;wpfyg;xH o&P*Hk ,lcJhMuav\/ uREkfyfod&onfrSm


q&mudkrdk;oD;onf bkef;BuD;xHrS o&P*Hk,lonfaeYrSp udk,ftrlt&m EIwftrlt&m vGefpGmajymif; oGm;ygonf/
pum;ajymvnf; csKdom\/ rsufESmvnf; Munfvifvm\/ trsufa'govnf;wpfpHkwpfa,muftay: xm;&Sdonfh
vuPmudk rawGU&yg/ aeYpOfaeYwdkif;vnf; ig;yg;oDvudk aqmufwnf\/ vjynfhaeYESifhBuHKBudKufu &Spfyg;oDv?
udk;yg;oDv paomoDvrsm;udkvnf; aqmufwnfav\/ xdkYaemuf atmufyg O'gef;*gxmudkvnf; rMumrMum
&Gwfqdkavonf/
tedp 0w ocFg&m ? Oym' 0, "rdaem ?
OyZdwGm edkEKEd ? awoH0lyoarmokacg/

uREkfyfonf q&mudkrdk;oD;\ trltusifh ajymif;vJoGm;yHkESifh ywfoufodvdkvSojzifh ar;jref;&av\/


]]q&mudkrdk;oD;&,f . . . cifAsm;[m oDv,lvdkufuwnf;u enf;enf;ajymif;vJvmovdkyJ? Munfh&wm
wpfrsKd;xl;jcm;vmw,f}}
]]'DvdkuGm . . . ig[mwu,fawmh EGm;ausmif;om;ayghuGm? 'gayr,f high&JU yifudk,fpdwfu 'kuawGUaewJh vlawGudk
ulnDcsifw,f? yGJxJ ZmwfxJrSmygwJh odMum;rif;vdkyJ 'kua&mufae&if vmNyD; ulnDcsifw,f? 'geJY ywfoufvdkYawmh
{uedygwfukvmpu ZmwfrSm odMum;rif;jzpfaMumif; tusifhjrwf (7) yg;udk azmfjyxm;w,f . . .
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

rdbudk jyKpkapmifha&Smufjcif;?
ukd,fhxuf wpfaeYwpf&uf wpfreufBuD;oludk dkao&jcif;?
pum;tajymtqdk csKdom&jcif;?
ukef;acsmjcif; r&Sd&jcif;?
ESajrmwGefYwdk r&Sd&jcif;?
opm&Sd&jcif;?
trsufa'go enf;&jcif;&,fvdkY qdkw,f/
iguawmh vlawGudk ulnDcsifw,f? 'gaMumifh odMum;rif;jzpfapwJh usifh0wfudk o&P*Hk aqmufwnfNyD;
uwnf;u usifhawmhwmyJuGm? aow,fqdkwmuawmh w,fNyD;qef;wm r[kwfbl;uG? &Sifwmu qef;wm?
touf&Sifaewkef;rSm vlwpfa,muf[m wpfjcm;vlawGtwGuf b,favmufulnDcJhw,f? b,favmuf tepfemcHcJhw,f
qdkwm[m tJ'Dvl&JU wefzdk;udk azmfNywmyJ? wefzdk;odyfjrifhwJhvludk igwdkY[m av;pm;Mu&w,f? wpfcsKdUa'orSm
ewfawGvdkawmif udk;uG,fMuw,f r[kwfvm;? igvJ vlawGudk xdkufxdkufwefwef ulnDcsifw,f? wu,fvdkYrsm; jzpfcsifwm
jzpfcGifh&&ifawmh vlawGudk 'kua&muf&if tultnDay;wwfwJh odMum;rif;b0udk vdkcsifw,f? tJ'g ig&JU qEyJ?
rodwJhaumifawGu rdk;oD;qdkwJhaumif[m wpfa,mufwnf;orm;jzpfNyD; ausmufwGif;awG0,fNyD; ausmufrsuf&wemawG
&SmazGaewmudk ZdrfcHcsifvdkY olaX;BuD;jzpfcsifvdkY xifaeMuw,f? r[kwfbl;uG? ighrSm ZdrfcHw,fqdkwm r&Sdbl;?
tepfemcHwmyJ&Sdw,f? &SmazGaewmawG[mvJ vlawGudk ulnDzdkYyJ}}
q&mudkrdk;oD;onf uREkfyftm; txufygtwdkif; &Sif;jyayonf/ uREkfyfrSmvnf; q&mudkrdk;oD;uJhodkY BuD;rm;aom
qEwpfck&Sdayonf/ xdkqEum; q&udkrdk;oD;wdkYvdk vlawGudk ulnDwwfaom vlaumif;vlawmfawGudk tultnDay;&ef
jzpfayonf/
uREkfyfwdkYonf &GufavSBuD;ESifhyif jrefrmNynfodkY jyefvnfa&muf&SdcJhygonf/ NyD;aemuf rrif;jzLtm;
pD&ifcsufcsrnfhaeYwGif w&m;Hk;odkY ESpfa,mufom; xGufvmcJhMuygonf/
uRekfyfonf rMumrD BudK;pifodkY wuf&ayvdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh twl wuf&rnfjzpf uREkfyf
wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;jcif; wpfpHkwpf&m r&Sdyg/ xdktcsufudkMunfhvQif uREkfyftaeESifh q&mudkrdk;oD;tm; rnfrQtxd
av;pm;MunfndKvsuf&SdaMumif; cefYrSef;Edkifayvdrfhrnf[k uREkfyftaeESifh ,HkMunfrdayawmhownf;/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

qm;ykvif;ESif;armif\ awG;qcsufrsm;
w&m;cHrsm;? oufaorsm;\ xGufqdkcsufrsm;udk ,lNyD;aemuf uREkfyf\ Hk;cef;wGif OD;udkudkBuD;? udkESif;armifESifh
uREkfyfonf qHkpnf;Muav\/ OD;udkudkBuD;u . . .
]]usKyfuawmhAsm? udkrdk;oD;&JU pdwf"mwfeJY t&nftcsif;udk odyfNyD; oabmusw,fAsm? 'DvlBudK;pifrwuf&bJ
vGwfoGm;&ifawmh rrif;jzLeJY vufxyfay;csifprf;ygbdAsm}} [k qdkvdkuf&m udkESif;armifu . . .
]]rjzpfbl;? udkrdk;oD;vdk vlrsKd;u vlawGtwGuf tepfemcHr,fhvlpm;rsKd;As? udkMo&udk iJhNyD; rrif;jzLudk 'DuaeYtxd
cspfvJ wu,fcspfygvsufeJY cspfygw,fqdkwJh pum;uav;wpfcGef;awmifrS olYyg;pyfuae uaeYtxd rxGufao;wm
Munfhygvm;? 'Dvl wu,fawmfwJhvlAs}} [k tm;&yg;&csD;rGrf;av\/
uREkfyfwkdYoHk;a,mufonf a&aEG;Murf;tdk;udk tv,f cs pum;ajymvsuf&SdMuav\/ xdktcg uREkfyftaeESifh
r&Sif;vif;aomtcsufrsm;udk ar;jref;&av\/
]]'DrSm udkESif;armif . . . 'DtrIeJYywfoufNyD; r&Sif;wJh tcsufuav;awG ar;csifw,fAsm}} [k uREkfyfu
pum;pvdkuf&m udkESif;armifu ]cifAsm;ar;csifwJhtcsuf oHk;csuf&Sdvdrfhr,f . . .
]](wpf) . . .tuf(pf) tdk tuf(pf) qdkwJhpmudk &awmh usKyfu 'Dpma&;wJhvl[m yifv,fa&aMumif;c&D;udk
oGm;vmwwfwJhvl? yifv,f"m;jrawmif jzpfcsifjzpfaer,f qdkwJhtcsufr[kwfvm;}}
[k udkESif;armifu uREkfyfar;rnfh ar;cGef;rsm;udk ta&twGufESifhwuG BudKwif cefYrSef;wGufqum odaeayNyD/
uREkfyfonf udkESif;armif\ rSwfPf pOf;pm;Pfrsm;udk tHhMo&jyef\/
]]'gu 'DvdkAs? ta&BuD;w,fqdkwJh taMumif;udk wjcm;pum;vHk;roHk;bJ tuf(pf) tdk tuf(pf) udk oHk;xm;wmudku
yifv,fa&aMumif;oGm;avh&SdwJh vuPmyJ? yifv,fxJrSm 'kujzpf&if tuf(pf) tdk tuf(pf) qdkwJh pum;udk tcsufjyavh
&Sdw,fAs}}
]][kwfw,fAsKdU}}
]](ESpf)tcsuf . . . cifAsm;odcsifwmu OD;armifuav;&JU
w&m;cHwpfa,muf[m tvGeftom;0gr,fvdkY ajymcJhwm r[kwvm;}}

tdrfxJrSm

aowmaewJhtcef;a&mufawmh

]]tif; . . . [kwfw,fAsKdU}}
]]tJ'gu 'DvdkAs? aowmudk zrf;xm;wJhtcef;xJrSm tefzwfawGeJY xHk;ajcmufvdk jzLazG;aewJh acs;(csD;)yHkudk
awGUuwnf;u tJ'Dtcef;xJu xGufajy;wJhvl[m tom; tvGef0gaer,fvdkY twyfajymEdkifw,f? tJ'g bmaMumifhvJ qdkawmh
tpma[mif;xJudk onf;ajc&nfawG ra&mufvdkY acs;[m jzLaewmjzpfw,f? 'ltdk'DerfvdkYac:wJh tlodrfykdif;uae
aoG;aMumawGxJudk (bdkif;ypfrifh) vdkYac:wJh onf;ajc&nfawG[m a&mufoGm;NyD; wpfudk,fvHk; vSnfhywfaewJhtcgrSm
aemufaz;oGm;wJhtcg tjzLjzpfaewwfNyD; tom;uawmh onf;ajc&nfaMumifh eEGif;vdk 0gxdefaewwfw,f? tvG,fajym&&if
qD;a&m*gayghAsm? trSefuawmh tonf;>yefacsmif;awGa&mifNyD; ydwfwJh a&m*gwpfrsKd;jzpfw,fAs}}
]][m. . . udkESif;armifuvJ q&m0efusaewmyJ? odvdkufwmAsm}}

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]qufNyD;ajym&OD;r,f? wwd,tcsuf cifAsm;odcsifwmuawmh vufxdyfaygufpav;awG udp? vufxdyfaygufp


av;awG[m yifv,f"m;jyawG oHk;avh&Sdw,fAs? trSefuawmh a[mifaumifwdkY? puFmylwdkYrSm vlBuD;vlaumif;awG trIjzpf&if
cwfwJh vufxdwfuav;awGyg? tckawmh yifv,f"m;jyawGqD a&mufaeNyDayghAsm}}
]][m . . . cifAsm;uawmh a'oE& A[kokwuvJ w,fNyD; <u,f0wmudk;Asm}}
]]aemufNyD;awmh
OD;armifuav;tdrfu
vQKdU0SufpmawGudk
tukefvHk;
usKyfazmfEdkifNyDav?
'Dawmh
tJ'DvQKdU0SufpmawGxJrSm rdk;oD;eJYaowmtaMumif;udk owif;ay;xm;wmawGvJ ygw,fAs? tJ'Dtcsuf[m trItwGuf
trsm;BuD; taxmuftul&cJhw,f? NyD;awmh "mwfyHkawG? "mwfyHkawGaemufrSm aeYpGJawG wyfxm;wm awGUw,fr[kwfvm;?
tJ'DaeYpGJawG[m tJ'D"mwfyHk&SifawG aowJhaeYpGJawGjzpfw,f? NyD;awmh tJ'D "mwfyHkxJu OD;baumif;eJY udkat;qdkwm[m
OD;armifuav;&JU wynfhyifv,f"m;jyawGqdkwmudk OD;armifuav;qDu vQKdU0SufpmawGt& usKyfodcJh&w,fav}}
]]tif; [kwfayom;yJ}}
]]NyD;awmh aowmudk aowmeJY vJr,fqdkwJhtcsuf[m rdk;oD;eJY aowm raoao;bl;qdkwm odomEdkifwJhtcsufyJ?
NyD;awmh rrif;jzLudk OD;armifuav;tdrfuae udkMo&tdrfudk jyefydkYawmh jrif;vSnf;orm;[m vrf;rSm rrif;jzLudk
pum;wpfcGef;rS rajymbl;? rrif;jzLu ar;wmawmif rajzbl;qdkwJh tcsuf[m bmudk azmfjyovJqdk&if jrif;vSnf;orm;u
rrif;jzLudk &if;&ifESD;ESD; odwJhvl jzpfaer,fqdkwmudk owdjyKrdw,f? 'Dawmh tjzpfEdkifqHk;[m rdk;oD;jzpfaew,f}}
]][kwfw,f udkESif;armifa&}}
]]'DxufydkNyD; aocsmwJhtcsufuawmh usKyfwdkYudk tuf(pf) tdk tuf(pf) qdkwJhpmudkay;NyD; wpfywfdkufoGm;wJh
armifygac: &mrqdkwJhaumif? OD;armifuav;&JU wynfhav? tJ'DaumifudkvJ tvHuydku vlrdkufpdk;ydkif&JU owif;ay;rIaMumifh
vuf&zrf;rdw,f? vSnf;ul;*gwfrSmyJ csKyfxm;w,f? 'DaumifhqDu xGufcsuft& rdk;oD;[m oD[dkVfrSm tajccsaexdkifaew,f
qdkwmudk od&w,f? uJ . . . tdkifyD 'gavmufajym&&ifawmh usefwJhtcsufawGudk qufpyfpOf;pm;EdkifygNyD?
t"duaomhcsufuawmh udkat;aqmif ac: udkMo&&JU "mwfyHkudk OD;armifuav;qDrSm awGUuwnf;u trIudk azmfzdkY
rcufbl;qdkwm od&ygw,f? rrif;jzLudk zrf;wJhaeYrSmyJ udkMo&eJYawGUNyD; tck cifAsm;em;axmif&wJh udkMo&&JU xGufqdkcsufudk
usKyf[m udkMo&udk acsmhNyD;ar;vdkY odcJh&ygNyD? acsmhwJhenf;uawmh rrif;jzLudk vGwfzdkY usKyfwm0ef,lygw,fqdk&ifyJ udkMo&[m
olYtjzpftysuftrSefudk ajymjyygw,f? 'gayr,fh udkMo&udk wpfzufu udkatmifjrifhwdkY vlpku rzrf;atmifawmh
rpwmu&pfyif&JU tultnDeJY umuG,fay;cJh&w,f? 'DtrIrSm udkMo&udk zrf;vdkuf&ifawmh udkaowmwdkY[m vmcsifrS
vmawmhr,fvdkY ,lqvdkYygyJ? 'gayr,fh usKyf,lqcsuf[m tJ'Dae&mrSmawmh rSm;oGm;aMumif; udkrdk;oD;udkawGUwJhtcgrSm
od&ygawmhw,f}}
uREkfyfESifh OD;udkudkBuD;tm; udkESif;armifu trIESifh ywfouf r&Sif;vif;onfhtcsufrsm;udk &Sif;vif;jycJhygonf/
&Sif;vif;csufrsm; NyD;qHk;onfhtcg OD;udkudkBuD;u . . .
]]tdkifaq; . . . cifAsm; odyfNyD;awmfw,f udkESif;armif}}
]]'gayr,fh cufwmu rrif;jzLtrIBuD;vJ ay:ygNyDAsm? cifAsm;rSmawmh &mxl;wufzdkYxm;vdkY e,fajymif;zdkYawmif
pmxGufaeNyDAs? raeYu ykvdyfrif;BuD;Hk;a&mufvdkY tJ'Dpmudk usKyfawGUcJh&w,f? t&m&Sdudk vufoD;eJYjyefNyD;xdk;w,fqdkwm
ykvdyftzGJUrSm tvGefyJ tkyfqdk;wJhjypfcsufjzpfw,fvdkY azmfjyxm;w,f? 'gayr,fh tjcm;aom udkESif;armif&JU aumif;jrwfaom
t&nftcsif;rsm;aMumifh e,fajymif;HkyJ ajymif;vdkufw,fqdkyJ}}
uRekfyfonf uREkfyf\rdwfaqGBuD; udkESif;armiftwGuf pdwfraumif;jzpf&avawmh\/

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

usm;NrD;udkqGJ usm;ESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkifrnfhol


rrif;jzL? q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh udkaowmwdkY\ xGufqdkcsufrsm;udk ,lNyD;aemuf uREkfyfESifh udkESif;armifonf
q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh udkaowmtm; tif;pdefaxmifodkY oGm;a&muftyfESHMu&avawmh\/ axmifbl;0wGif&Sdaom usm;yg;pyfac:
wHcg;aygufuav;rSae uREkfyfwdkY0ifoGm;Mu&m tcsKyfom;vufcHaom axmifrSL;wpfa,mufESifh axmif0g'gac:
axmifMuyfESpfa,mufudkawGU&av\/ udkrdk;oD;ESifh udkaowmwdkY\ trnfpm&if;rsm;udk axmifrSL;u a&;oGif;aepOf
uREkfyfwdkYteD;odkY tustjzL? vHkcsnftjzL? ydwfOD;xkyftjzLudk 0wfqifxm;aom vlwpfa,muf a&mufvmNyD;vQif
q&mudkrdk;oD;ESifh udkaowmwdkY\ ycHk;udkykwf &if;ESD;aom trlt&mjzifh . . .
]][ . . .udkt*FgeJY ndKopfwdkYjyefa&mufvmMuNyDvm;? [m;. . .[m;. . .a*gygvwJh? ygVdvdk
EGm;ausmif;om;udkac:wm? a*gygv udkt*FgeJY apm&ndKopfwdkYygvm;? jyefa&mufvmMuNyDaemf? [dkaumif . . . b,fol?
Aifeifulvm q,fwef;atmifxm;wJhaumif? at;aqmif . . .at;aqmif rygygvm;? udk,fhvlwdkY udpNyD;cJhMuNyDvm;}} [k
ar;vdkuf&m udkrdk;oD;u tm;&0rf;omjzifh . . .
]][m . . .ya&mfzufqm udkqdwfzGm;ygvm;? NyD;cJhygNyDAsm? udpawGtm;vHk; NyD;cJhygNyD}} [k ajymvQif udkqdwfzGm;u. . .
]][m; . . .[m;. . .[m;. . .usKyfrajymbl;vm;? NyD;awmhvnf; NyD;wmygyJvdkY? aeOD; . . . udk,fhvlwdkY? 'Dwpfcgawmh
BudK;pifudk wufMu&vdrfhr,fxifw,f}} [k ajymav\/
]][kwfw,f. . .q&mqdwfzGm;a&? 'Dwpfcgawmh BudK;pifudk wufzdkY vmcJhwmyJ? cifAsm;wynfh ndKopfvJ usKyfeJYtwl
BudK;ay;cH&rSmyJ}}
[k udkrdk;oD;u BudK;pifwuf&rnfh udpudk [dkw,fwuf&rnfuJhodkY ajymqdkaeav\/ udkqdwfzGm;onf
pum;ajymae&mrS uREkfyftm; aoaocsmcsm Munfhav\/ xdkYaemuf udkESif;armifudk vSrf; MunfhvdkufNyD;vQuf . . .
]][m. . .qm;ykvif;ESif;armifygvm;? cifAsm;eJYAsm . . .usKyfudkawmif EIwfrqufbl;}} [l i,faygif;BuD;azmfuJhodkY
ajymvdkufav\/ udkESif;armifuvnf; . . .
]]EIwfqufrvdkYygyJ udkqdwfzGm;&JU? pum;jywfoGm;rSmpdk;vdkYyg}} [k jyefajymav\/
]]usKyfvJ xifawmhxifw,fAsm? udkt*Fgudk axmifxJ jyefoGif;EdkifwJhvl[m wjcm;vlawmh rjzpfEdkifbl;?
qm;ykvif;ESif;armifjzpf&r,fvdkY wGufaewm? [J. . .[J}}
udkqdwfzGm;onf udkrdk;oD;bufodkYvSnfhum . . .
]]udkt*Fga&. . .cifAsm;vJ wu,fawmfwJhvlyJ? usKyfuvJ rSmvdkufzdkY arhaew,fAsKdU? tjyifrSm &mZ0wfrI
usK;vGefawmhr,fqdk&if a[m'D qm;ykvif;ESif;armifqdkwJhvludk t&ifowfNyD;rS jzpfr,fAs? 'Dvl&Sdaeoa&GUuawmh w,fNyD;
rvG,fbl; udkt*Fg}} [k qdkav\/
]]q&mudkqdwfzGm;. . . udkt*Fg emrnfajymif;xm;w,fAs? olYemrnf udkrdk;oD;vdkY ac:w,f}} [k udkESif;armifu
ajymvdkuf&m udkqdwfzGm;onf awG pOf;pm;aeNyD;aemuf . . .

rif;odcF

qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifhrrif;jzLrSefrSefajym

]]rdk;oD;qdkwJhemrnf[m wpfcgu usKyfudk qm;ykvif;ESif;armif vmzrf;wkef;u olYudk,fol ur|mef;q&m


rdk;oD;qdkNyD; emrnfajymif;cJhzl;wmyJ? cifAsm;wdkY rdk;oD;ESpfa,mufawGUcJhMuwmaygh]] [k ajymav\/
]]q&mudkqdwfzGm;a&. . . uRefawmfu udkrdk;oD;udk rdwmr[kwfygbl;Asm? udkrdk;oD;u rrif;jzLudk oem;vdkY vmNyD;
tzrf;cHwmygAsm? udkrdk;oD;[m wu,fhvlawmfwpfa,mufyg? usKyfvJ pdwfraumif;ygbl;}} [k udkESif;armifu ajymav\/
xdkYaemuf q&mudkrdk;oD;onf udkESif;armiftm; rrif;jzLESifh udkMo&wdkYudk apmifha&Smuf&ef txyfxyfrSmMum;av\/
udkaowmuvnf; udkESif;armifudk vIdufvdIufvSJvSJ EIwfqufav\/
uREkfyfwdkYonf xdkolwdkYtm; EIwfquf wHcg;aygufodkY jyefvmcJh&m uREkfyfwdkYaemufodkY udkqdwfzGm;vdkuf
vmNyD;vQif uREkfyfwdkYtm;EIwfqufav\/
]]uJ. . .qm;ykvif;ESif;armifa& jyefayOD;awmh? aMomf. . . 'geJY usKyfvJ ESpfaphNyD? rMumcif axmifuvGwfawmhr,f}}
[k qdkum udkqdwfzGm;onf uREkfyfwdkYteD;rS xGufcGmoGm;avawmh\/ uREkfyfwdkYvnf; usm;yg;pyfaygufuav;rS
axmiftjyifodkY xGufvmcJhMuav\/
tjyifodkYa&mufonfESifh udkESif;armifu uREkfyftm; . . .
]]tdkifyDa&. . .udkMo&[m at;aqmiftjzpfeJY axmifxJa&mufcJhpOfu q&mudkrdk;oD;eJYtwl 0&rf;vdrfeJY axmifu
xGufajy;cJhwmAs? 'gayr,fh olYudkzrf;wJh trIuvJ trIrSm;BuD; jzpfavawmh a&SUaeaumif;aumif;eJY avQmufvJvdkuf&if
uGif;vHk;uRwfvGwfoGm;Edkifygw,fAsm? 'gayr,fh tckawmh olYudk ouFef;uRef;*gwfu zrf;NyD; trIzGifhvdrfhr,fAsKdU?
tJ'guav;udk wpfqdwfavmuf ulnDay;ygOD;Asm}} [k udkESif;armifu rSmMum;av\/
]]aeprf;ygOD;? usKyfudkrSmaewmu cifAsm;u b,fudkoGm;OD;rvdkYvJ udkESif;armif}} [k uREkfyfu ar;vdkuf&m. . .
]]tdkifyDuvJ w,fNyD;arhwwfwmudk;? t&m&SdNzpfwJh pHkaxmufudkatmifjrifhudk vufoD;eJY xdk;wJhtrItwGuf
a&Tbdk*gwfudk ajymif;zdkY trdefYpm&aeNyDavAsm}} [k udkESif;armifu ajymvdkuf&m uREkfyfonf pdwfraumif;jcif;
jzpfrdao;awmh\/ xdkYxuf pdwfraumif;zG,f&maumif;onfh tcsufrSm udkqdwfzGm;onf &mZ0wfrI rusL;vGefrD
udkESif;armifudk t&ifowfoifhaMumif; ajymqdkHkrQru uREkfyfwdkY jyefonfhtcgvnf; udkESif;armifaemufodkYvdkufvmum ]usKyf
axmifESpfaphNyD vGwfawmhr,fAsKdU} [k ajymqdkvdkufjcif;onf if;taeESifh axmifuvGwfonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf udkESif;armif\
toufudk&efrlrnf[k BudKwif ajymvdkufjcif; jzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh udkESif;armiftm; owday;&avawmh\/
]]udkESif;armifa& . . . udkqdwfzGm;u cifAsm;aemufudk vdkufvmNyD; olaxmifu xGuf&awmhr,fqdkwJhtaMumif;
vdkufajymwm[m rdk;bl;As? olYpum;u ]wpfyGJwpfvrf; awGUMuao;wmaygh} qdkwJh t"dym,frsKd; jzpfaew,f?
owdawmhxm;&r,fAsKdU}} [k uREkfyfu ajymvdkuf&m . . .
]]rpdk;&drfygeJYtdkifyD? udkqdwfzGm;vdkvlrsKd;[m awmxJu usm;eJYawGU&ifawmifrS tNrD;udk qGJvSnfhNyD;
rsufESmcsif;qdkifusrS olEdkifudk,fEdkif zufowfr,fh vlpm;rsKd;ygAsm? tvpfvkyfr,fh vlpm;rsKd; [kwfygbl;? wu,fhowdcJBuD;yg?
'Dawmh 'DvdkvlrsKd;udk odyfNyD;aMumufzdkY rvdkbl;xifygw,f}} [k udkESif;armifu jyef &Sif;jyav\/
(rSwfcsuf/ / udkqdwfzGm; axmifrS vGwfvmNyD;aemuf jzpfysufaom tjzpftysufrsm;udk ]]ya&mfzufqm a'gufwmqdwfzGm;}}
qdkaom 0wK azmfjya&;om;xm;ygonf/)
pma&;ol
]]uJ . . .'DtrIBuD;udkawmh qm;ykvif;ESif;armifESifh rrif;jzLrSefrSefajym vdkYyJ acgif;pOfwyfawmhr,f udkESif;armifa&}}
]]aumif;w,fAsKdU? aemuftrIwGJuawmh ya&mfzufqm a'gufwmqdwfzGm;&,fvdkY jzpfr,fxifw,f tdkifyD}} [k
udkESif;armifu pD;u&ufudkzGm&if; NyHK;&TifpGm ajymvdkufavawmhownf;/

oaAowm urum
rif;odcF

You might also like