GATE -1998

ME: Mechanical Engineering

Read the following instructions carefully

1. Write all the answers in the answer book only. 2. This question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS: A and B. 3. Section A has Eight questions. Answer ALL questions in this section. 4. Section B has Twenty questions. Anwer any TEN questions from this section. Ifmore number of questions are attempted, strike off the answers not to be evaluated; else only the First Ten unscored answers will be considered. 5. Answers to Seeton B should start on a fresh page and should not be mixed with answers to Section A. 6. Answers to questions and answers to parts of a question should appear together and should not be separated. 7. In all questions of 5 marks each write clearly the important steps in your answer. These steps carry partical credit. 8. There will be no negative marking.

I SECTION-A I
(100 Marks)

1. Write in your answer book at the space provided, the correct or most appropriate answer to the following multiple choice questions by writing the letter - A, B, C or D -against each question number. (25 x 1= 25) 1.1 For x

= 6' the sum of the series

00

L(COS
1

xin

= cos1 x

+ cos"x +

is

Wn
~oo

~3 ~1

Ans. (B) cos2

666 3 9 27 4+16+ 64 3~ 4 3 1-=

2: + cos4 2: + cos6 2: + ... +,..00

(infiniteG.P.)

1.2 (s + 1)-1 is the Laplace transform of

(A) t2 (C) e-2t ADs. (0)

(B) t3 (0) te-t

Explanation. By first shifting theorem I (s + 2)2

Xl

1.3 If

(/J

(x) =

fo Ji dt, then

is
(B) ~

(A) 2x2 (C) 0 Ans. (A)

(D) I

1.4 The magnitude of the gradient ofthefunctionf=xy'!! WO ~3

~8 Ans. (C)
~oo

at (1,0,2) is

V.f=

1-+J-+

.a .a ax By
x

a az
x

iyz3 + jyz3 + k X 3xyz2

i x 0 +j I
X

23 + + k

=j x

I v . fl
I (A) -

=r

8.

(B)

I2

I (C) 144 Ans. (B) Explanation.

, 1 (D) 24

Probability that first friend is born in any month

= 100% = 1.
I 1 = Ix-=-. 12 12

Probability that second friend is born in the same month as that of first friend

1.6 A car moving with uniform acceleration covers 450 m in a 5 second interval, and covers 700 m in the next 5 second interval. The acceleration of the car is

(A) 7 m/s2 (C) 25 m/s2 Ans. (D) Explanation.

(B) 50 m/s2 (D) 10 m/s2 For tl = 5 sees, SI = 450 m and 1 ut +-at2 2 Su +..!. x a x 25 [since initial velocity = u] 2 2Sa Su+for t2 = 5 sees
S2

= 700 m

Also after first S seconds, velocity of car, v = u

=

T at u + Sa.

After first 5 seconds. u + Sa will be the initial velocity for next:) seconds, therefore 1 700 = (4+Sa)S+-ax25

= 20+25a+-

25a

2Sa) +25a = 450+25a, ( 5U+T 10 m/sec2 Alternately Considering the v-t graph Area ACDB = 450 Area CEFD = 700 Difference is the shaded region DPQR=2S0 2S0 . .. PD= -=SO S a = tan 8 = = - = 10 BP S 1. 7 Tile buckling load for a column pinned at botll ends is 10 kN. If tile ends are fIXed, tile buckling load cllanges to (B) 2.5 kN (A) 40kN (C) 5kN ADs. (A) Explanation. I case P er
1t 2

PD

50

(D) 20 kN EI

e2

L (for both ends pinned) L - (for both ends fixed) 2

eo
Perl PerIl P crl Peril

-=--

eiI (~ L2 ei

10 kN 4 Peril= 40 kN

II

1.8 Tile normal stesses at a point are ax = 10 MPa and, a y The maximum principal stress at this point is (A) 16 MPa (C) II MPa Ans. (C) Explanation. Maximum pri1wipal stress
x

= 2 MPa,'

tile shear stress at tllis point is 4MPa.

(B) 14 MPa (D) IO MPa

(1 ~

2 MPI

t1<4MPI

(cr~ ;cry)+ (cr ;cry +cr

J
2

2 2+ )+

2-2)2

+4

1.9 The ratio of lIverage shear stress to the maximum sllear stress in a beam with a square cross-section is 2 (A) I (B) 3 3 (C) 2 Ans. (B)
--=--=--

Fd2

F.d2

3F 2d2

81

8.-

d4

12

'V0
el

I){~&I

shear load side of the square section

F
d2 F d2

~
qmax,

3F"=3

2d2 Heat transfer coefficients for free convection in gases, forced convection in gases and vapours, andfor boiling water lie, respectively in tile ranges of (A) 5 - 15,20 - 200 and 3000 - 50,000 W/m2K. (B) 20 - 50,200 - 500, and 50,000 - 105 W/m2K. (C) 50 - 100, 500 - 1000, and 105 - 106 W/m2K. (D) 20 - 100,200 - 1000, and a constant 106 W/m2K. Ans. (A) 1.11 If V, and a are tile nozzle exit velocity and nozzle angle in an impulse turbine, the optimum velocity is given by
(A) V ~ (OS '2 u (C) VN cosex , '2
AilS.

blade

(B) V N sin 2 ex (D)

_N_

V 2 2

(D)

1.12 A Curtis stage, Rateau stage and a 50% reaction stage in a steam turbine are examples of
(A) different types of impulse stages (B) different types of reaction stages (C) a simple impulse stage, a velocity compounded impulse stage and reaction stage (0) a velocity compounded impulse stage, a simple impulse stage and a reaction stage Ans. (0) 1.13 The basic load rating of a ball bearing is (A) the maximum static radial load that can be applied without causing any plastic deformation of bearing components. (B) the radial load at which 90% of the group of apparently indentical bearings run for one million revolutions before the first evidence of failure. (C) the maximum radial load that can be applied during operation without any plastic deformation bearing components. (0) a combination of radial and axial loads that can be applied without any plastic deformation. Ans. (B) of

1.14 Decreasing grain size in a polycrystalline material

(A) increases yield strength and corrosion resistance.

(B) decreases yield strength and corrosion resistance (C) decreases yield strength but increases corrosion resistance (0) increases yield strength but decreases corrosion resistance. Ans. (0) 1.15 Auto collimator is used to check (A) roughness (C) angle Ans. (C) (B) flatness (O)automobile balance.

1.16 Failure of a bead weld between a heavy steel section and a thin section is mainly due to the formation of
(A) spheroidite (B) bainite (C) carbon free zone due to burning of carbon at high temperature (0) martensite. Ans. (B) 1.17 Ideal surface roughness, as measured by the maximum height of unevennes, is best achieved whe', the

material is removed by
(A) an end mill (C) a tool with zero nose radius Ans. (C) 1.18 In the specification of dimensions andflts, (A) (B) (C) (0) allowance allowance allowance allowance tolerance. Ans. (C) is equal to bilateral tolerance is equal to unilateral tolerance is independent of tolerance is equal to the difference between' maximum and minimum dimension specified by the (B) a grinding wheel (0) a ball mill.

1.19 In machining using abrasive material, increasing abrasive grain size

(A) increases the material removal rate (B) decreases the material removal rate (C) first decreases and then increases the material removal rate (D) first increases and then decreases the material removal rate

1.20 With increasing temperature of intake air, IC engine efficiency

(A) decreases (C) remains same (B) increases (D) depends on other factors
\

1.21 Chills are used in moulds to (A) achieve directional solidification (C) reduce freezing time Ans. (A) Explanation. Chills are used in moulds for achieving directional solidification. (B) reduce the possibility of blowholes (D) smoothen metal flow for reducing splatter.

1.22 One of t/ref 0110 wing statements about PRS (Periodic Reordering System) is not true. Identify. (A) PRS requires continuous monitoring of inventory levels (B) PRS is useful in control of perishable items (C) PRS provides basis for adjustments to account for variations in demand (I"

T.,

PRS, inventory holding costs are higher than in Fixed Recorder Quantity System

Ans. (A) 1.-. ..

, :'....I""
(A)

,rp'(oryplanning, extra inventory Is unnecessarily carried to the end of the planning period when of the following lot size decision policies:
for - lot production

~.0\ --

(B' EC0nomic Order Quantity (EOQ) lot size (C) Period Order Quantity (POQ) lot size (D) Part Period total cost balancing Ans, (R)

1.24 In a weaving operation, the parameter to be controlled is the number of defects per 10 square yards of material. Control chart appropriatefor ,his task is
(A) P-chart (C) R chart
ADs. (B)

(B) C-chart (D) X -chart

1.25 Which one of the following forecasting techniques is not suited for making forecasts for planning production schedules in the short range?
(A) Moving average (C) Regression analysis Ans. (D) (B) Exponential moving average (D) Delphi

Explanation. Moving, average, Exponential moving average are used for short range. Regression is used for short and medium range and Delphi is used for long range forecasting.

2. Write in your answer book in the space provided the correct or the most appropriate answer to the following multiple choice questions by writing the letter -A, B. C or D-against each sub-question number. (20 x 2 = 40) 2

2.1 The general solution of the differential equation x

(A) Ax + Bx2 (B) Ax + B log x (C) Ax + Bx2 log x (D) Ax + Bx log x Ans. (D) (A, (A, (A, (A, B B B B are are are are constants) constants) constants) constants)

d2 Y dx2

-~ dy x dx + Y = 0 is

o
On putting Whose solution is or

where

D=-

d dz

x = ez, we have (D - 1)2y 0 y

eZ (A + Bz) x(A + B log x)

2.2 The bestflt line using least squares for the data (0,0), (l0, 24), (20,36) and (30,60) is (A) 2x - Y = 0 (B) 2x - Y + 4 = 0
(C) 2x - Y- 4 = 0 Ans. (D) n = 4;
~XI

(D) None ofthese

60;

~xi = 1400,

~ft = 120,

~X/I
nao + (~x,) a,

2760 ~fl

(~x) ao + (~xi) a,
4ao + 60a. 60ao + 1400al

~X/l
120 2760 6 -anda( 5 5 30 48 25

=-

Y
or 25y - 48x
=

6 48 -+-x
25

2.3 The maximum principal strain in a thin cylindrical tank, having a radius ul25 cm and wall thickness of 5 mm when subjected to an internal pressure of 1 MPa, is (taking Young's midulus as 200 GPa and Poisson's ratio as 0.2)
(A) 2.25 Ans. (A)
x

10-4

(B) 2.25 (D) 22.5

(C) 2.25 x 10-6

pd_~ 2tE 4tEm

~[2-~]
4tE
ill

1 x 10 X 50 X 10(2 _ 0.2) 4 X 5 x 10-3 X 200 X 109 2.25

X

10-4

2.4 A square bar of side 4 em and length 100 em is subjected to an axia/load P. The same bar is then used as a cantilever beam and subjected to all end 10adP. The ratio of the straill energies, stored in the bar in the second case to that stored in the first case, is

(A) 16
(C) 1000 Ans. (D)

(B) 400
(D) 2500

..!.(P)( PL)
2 p
2 X

AE 100

2x4x4xE

25p2
8E
3

"!'(P) x(PL ) 2 3EI 1 2

p2 x

1003

E-lx4x43

12

--- E 2
V2 VI 2.5 An
_

15625 p2

I_

100

em

_I

15625 x ~ 2 25

= 2500

Ie engine

has a bore and stroke of 2 units each. The area to calculate heat loss can be taken as

(A)4n
(C) 6n ADS. (C)

(B)5n
(D) 8n

Area for heat loss d Area o!' heat loss

=

ndl + (2

2 n: ) = ndl + n~2

diameter, and I = length of stroke.

n x (2)2 = n x 2 x 2 + --2

2.6 An air breatlling aircraft isflying at an altitude where the air density is half the value at ground level. With reference to the ground level, the air-fuel ratio at this altitude will be (A)

ifi

(B)

.fi

(C) 2 Ans. (C)

(D) 4

Explanation. where

A/F ratio

ma = -;;

m. - mass of air, mr - mass of fuel (A I F ratio)grollnd (A I F ratio)altitllde (ma )grollnd (ma)altitude (ma)b'TOund ---as mr is same at both places. (ma ) altitude

v x Pground
V x Paltitude _1_=2 (1 \ 2)

2.7 For the data listed below for two Jou;nal bearings A and B, predict the flow conditions in the bearings Bearing diameter (m) Radial clearance (m) A 0.01 0.05 10-s 10-4 Surface speed of shaft (m/s) 210 10 Viscosity of lubricant (Pa-s) 0.001 0.01 Density of lubricant (kg/nr) 1000 850

(A) Iiminar in both A and B (C) laminar in A and turbulent in B

Ans. (D)

(B) turbulent in both A and B (D) turbulent in A and laminar B

2 dv py dy

J.l

For laminar flow X < 500 For turbulent flow X > 500
D J.l 0.01 m, y = 1O-sm, v = 210 m/s 0.001 Pa.s, P = 1000 kglm3

850 x (10-6)2 x (~) 5 100.01

0.05 m, 0.01 Pa.s,

y =

10-4 m,
=

10 m/s

850

kg/m3

--:. Flow is laminar. Turbulent m A, and laminar in B.

850 x (10-4)2 x (~) 4 100.01

2.8 The isentropic heat drop in the nozzle of an impulse steam turbine with a nozzle efficiency 0.9, blade velocity rati 0.5, and mean blade velocity 150 mls in kJ/kg is (A) 50 (C) 60 (B) 40 (D) 75

ADs. (A)
u -=0.5
VI

or

where

u = 0.5 VI U mean blade velocity, and vI Absolute velocity of steam at inlet

-=300m/s 0.5
K.E. at inlet Nozzle efficiency
-xmxv\

150

12m

=-(300)

0.9 (300)2 = 50kJ I kg.

2 x 0.9
2.9 Air (C = 1 kJ/kg, y= 1.4) enters a compressor at a temperature of 27C. The compressor pressure ratio p is 4. Assuming an efficiency of 80%, the compressor work required in kJ/kg is

(A) 160 (C) 182

ADs. (C) Explanation. For air, Cp
= =

(B) 172 (D) 225

1 kJ/kg 1.4
4P2

T} = 27C = 3000K Pressure ratio

.0.4

PI
p P~

)1-1
1

=(4)1.4 =1.48

T2 - T) = 445.8 - 300 = 182.24. 0.8 0.8 CP(T'2 - T\) 1 x 182.24 kJ/kg ~ 182 kJ/kg . ..10 The dicharge velocity at the pipe exit inflgure (A) 2.10 is (B) ~2gh

J2i,H

(C) ~g(H + h)

(D) 0

..
H

- ---- /'

-'--

1- -- - Ans. (B)

A steel ball of mas 1kg and speclflc heat 0.4 kJ/kg is at a temperature of 60C. It is dropped into 1kg water at 20C. Theflnal steady state temperature of water is (A) 23.5C (B) 300C (C) 35C Ans. (A) Explanation. Heat lost by ball = Heat gained by water or mb x Cb x (Tb - T) = mw x Cw x (T, - T) where subscript w stands for water and b stands for ball. and .. or T, 1 x 004 x (60 - T,) 24x004T , T, steady state temperature 1 x 4.18 x (T, - 20) 4.18T-83.6 , 23049C ~ 23.5C [since C
=
w

(D) 40C

4.18 kJ/kg]

2.12 The temperature variation under steady heat conduction across a comjJosite slab of two materials with thermal conductivities K} and K] is shown infigure 2.12. Then, which one ofthefollowing statements holds? (A) K, > K2 (B) K. (C) K\
=

K2

=0

(D) K\ < K2 Ans. (D)

KA~ dx
where dx i.e., slope is more for less value of K, therefore Slope
= -

dt

=-

KA

( :~ ) I material

> (:~

material

2.13 The earth can be assumed as a uniform sphere. Suppose the earth shrinks by 1% in diameter, the new day period (A) will not change from 24 hrs. (C) will reduce by about 1% Ans. (D) (B) will reduce by about 2% (D) will increase by about 1%

1I -0) 2
2

.!.(~ 2 5

MR2)

0)2

M 20

[0) 2 .2D

d(D)

+ D2 7,w.d(O)]

E D As there is no change in energy (conservation of energy)

--+--

2d(D)

2d(0)
0)

dD

--

dO)
0)

When diameter shrinks by 1% speed will increase by 1%. 2.14 Pertaining to a steam boiler, pick the correct statement among the following (A) Primary boiler heat surfaces include evaporator section, economizer and air preheater (B) Primary boiler heat transfer surfaces include evaporator section, super heater section and economizer. (C) Secondary boiler heat transfer surfaces include super heater, economizer and air preheater. (D) Primary boiler heat transfer surfaces include evaporator section, super heater section and reheat section Ans. (C) Explanation. Economizer, preheater, Super heater are all accessories ofthe boiler and hence forms secondary boiler heat transfer surface.

2.15 Consider the triangle formed by the connecting rod and the crank of an IC engine as the two sides of the triangle. If the maximum area of this traingle occurs when the crank angle is 75, the ratio of connecting rod length to crank radius is (A) 5 (C) 3.73 Ans. (C) '!'(PQ) (PR) sin A 2 Area will be maximum i.e. when A (B)4 (D) 3

90

PQR is a right angled triangle. Ratio of connecting rot length to crank radius,

2.16 The difference between tensions on the tight and slack sides ofa belt drive is 3000 N. If the belt speed is 15 mis, the transmitted power in k W is (A) 45 (C) 90 Ans. (A) Explanation. where Given, T1-T2 Tj, T2
=

(B) 22.5 (D) 100

tensions on tight and slack side respectively belt speed

v
Power
=

= 15m/see = 45 kW.
cos () and y = sin {},The normal to the cam

(TJ-T)v
x

= 3000

45000 watt

2.17 The profile of a cam in a particular zone is given by x = profile at () = 7l!4 is at an angle (with respect to x axis)
7t

.fi

(A) -

(B) 2

7t

7t

(C) 3 Ans. (C) Explanation. Equation of curve is sin2

e + cos e
2

To find Slope at required point ( ~

,~

) , differentiating we s,..;(

2x+6y-

dy

dx

dy
dx

x
3y

=-

J3
e = J3
1

-ve sign indicates that slope is - ve.

dy

dx

2x+6ytan

e
Angle made by normal

30 60 = 1[/3 radians.

2.18 In an orthogonal machining operation, the chip thickness and the uncut thickness are equal to 0.45 mm. If the tool rake angle is 0, the shear plane angle is (A) 45 (C) 18 (B) 30 (D) 60

Uncut chip thickness Chip thickness after the metal is cut shear plane angle and a rcosa 1- rsina 45

0.45 0.45

=I

= rake angle = Oc
I.

1x cosO I-IsinO

2.19 A strip with a cross-section 150 mm x 4.5 mm is being rolled with 20% reduction of area using 450 mm diameter rolls. The angle subtended by the deformation zone at the roll centre is (in radian) (A) 0.01 (C) 0.03 Ans. (D) Explanatin. Given, ho = initial thickness = 4.5 mm Sectional area = 150 x 4.5 mm2
t = 0.8 x 4.5 = 3.60 final area = 0.8 x 1.50 x 4.5 sq. mm.

(B) 0.02 (D) 0.06

Since area is reduced by 20%, therefore

..5 alia
mm

Keeping width constant, final thickness 0.8 x 150x45 hi 150 4.5 - (0.8 x 4.5) 2 4.5 x 0.2 2 4.5 x 0.2 2 x225
-

=0.8x45

..
or or or

R- Rcos R (1- cos 1 - cos cos

e e) e e e

499 500

..

0.063 radians.

2.20 Aflywlreel of moment of inertia 9.8 kg m2fluctuates Tire mean speed of tireflywlreel is (in rpm) (A) 600 (C) 968 Ans. (A)
mR20)2i1S

by 30 rpmfor afluctation

in energy of 1936 Joules.

(B) 900 (D) 2940

mR20) (0) I - 0)2)

9.8XO)(~~ X30)
600 rpm 3. Matclr 4 correct pairs between List 1 and List llfor questions 3.1 to 3.5 below. No credit will be givenfor partial matching. Write your answers using only tire letters A to D and numbers 1 to 16. (5 x 2 = 10) List I (A) Heat to work (B) Heat to lift weight (C) Heat to strain energy (D) Heat to electromagnetic energy (1) Nozzle (2) Endothermic chemical reaction . (3) Heat engine (4) Hot air balloon/evaporation (5) Thermal radiation (6) Bimetallic strips List II

List I (A) Sand casting (B) Plaster mould casting (C) Shell mould casting (D) Investment casting

List II (1) Symmetrical and circular shapes only (2) Parts have hardened skins and soft interior (3) Mihimum post-casting processing (4) Parts have a tendency to warp (5) Parts have soft skin and hard interior (6) Suitable only for non-ferrous metals

List I (A) High head, low flow rate (B) Low head, high flow rate (C) Heat transfer (D) Low drag

List II (1) Streamlined body (2) Boundary layer (3) Orifice meter (4) Centrifulgall" .mp (5) Axial flew pump (6) Nusselt number

List I (A) Aluminium brake shoe (B) Plastic water bottle (C) Stainless steel cups (D) Soft drink can (aluminium)

List II (1) Deep drawing (2) Blow moulding (3) Sand casting (4) Centrifugal casting (5) Impact extrusion (6) Upset forging

Ans. (A) -3, (B) -2, (C) -~, (D)-0

3.5

List I (A) ECM (B) EDM (C) USM

(0) LBM

List II (l) Plastic shear (2) Erosion/Brittle fracture (3) Corrosive reaction (4) Melting and vapourization (5) Ion displacement (6) Plastic shear and ion displacement

4. The radial displacement

in a rotating disc is governed by the differential equation

U

dlu 1 du --+---l dx
X

dx

Xl

= 8x

where u is the displacement Ifu

and x is the radius. the displacement at x

= 0 at x = 0, and

= 2 at x = 1, calculate
1 du dx du dx
U

1 =2

ADs. Given,

-+---2
dx
X

d2u

x2

8x

2 d u x -+x--u dx2

This reduces to {D(D - I) + D - I}

(D2 - I) u

8e3z, 8e3z

where x = e 8 e3z
-2-

D -I Aez + Be-z + e3z B Ax+-+x3

X

Aez+ Be-z+

Ax2 + B + x4 When When x = 0, x = I, u =0, u=2,

.. O=B .. 2=A+0+I
or A = I