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Gynecological Anatomy Physiology594
Gynecological Anatomy Physiology594
Girls- age 10 to13 years Theory: must reach a critical weight of approx. 95lbs (43kgs)
Boys- age 12 to 14 years The role of Androgen- hormones responsible for : 1. Muscular development 2. Physical growth 3. Increase sebaceous gland secretion (acne) Testosterone -1 androgenic hormone In girls, testosterone influences the development of labia majora, clitoris, and axillary & pubic hair latter termed as (adrenarche)
Secondary sex characteristic of girls occurs in order: 1. growth spurt 2. increase in the traverse diameter of the pelvis 3. breast development (thelarche) 4. growth of pubic hair (adrenarche) 5. onset of menstruation (menarche 12.5 y/o ave.) 6. Ovulation occurs 1 2 years after menarche 7. growth of axillary hair (adrenarche) 8. vaginal secretion
7. Vaginal orifice/introitus/opening external opening of the vagina that contains the hymen.
8. Hymen a membranous tissue ringing the vaginal introitus
of
B. Internal Structures
1. Ovaries female sex glands located on each side of the uterus with two ovaries (4 x 2 x 1.5 cm thick). Ovaries are formed with 3 principal divisions: a. A protective layer of surface epithelium b. The cortex filled with the ovarian and graafian follicle c. The central medulla containing nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic tissue and some smooth muscle tissue Fxn: -Ovulation (release of ovum) and Secretion of hormones like estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen- help to prevents osteoporosis, and atherosclerosis and potential risk for breast cancer endometrial cancer
-an impt. relationship in estimating the level of dilatation of the fetus in the birth canal before birth.
Uterus continue
Nerve Supply: Efferent (motor) nerve- spinal ganglia (T5 to T10) Afferent (sensory) nerve - hypogastric plexus (T-11 & T-12) Impt: Controlling pain in labor ( Epidural anesthesia) Uterine Ligaments: 1. Broad Ligaments fr. the sides of uterus to pelvic walls 2. Round Ligaments fr. sides of uterus to mons pubis. 3. Cardinal and uterosacral ligaments- provides middle support 4. Pelvic muscular floor ligaments- provide lower support
Anterior Vaginal wall- 6-7 cm (anterior fornices) Posterior Vaginal wall- 8-9 cm (posterior fornices)
Function: 1. passageway for menstrual discharges 2. receives penis during intercourse and 3. serves as birth canal. - lined with stratified squamous epithelium - Bulbocavernosus: a circular muscle acts as voluntary sphincter (Kegel exercises) Blood supply to the vagina: Arteries: vaginal artery branch of internal iliac artery Vein: pudental vein
Vagina continue
The external genitalias blood supply: mainly from the a. pudental artery and b. a portion of inferior rectus artery. Nerve supply: has both parasympathetic & sympathetic (S-1 to S-3 levels) Nerve supply of the anterior portion: (L1) a. Ilio-inguinal nerves b. Genito-femoral nerves Nerve supply of the posterior portion: (S3) Pudendal nerves
This is the reason why one type of anesthesia used for childbirth is called Pudendal block.
A. External Structures
1.
Penis: the male organ of copulation; a cylindrical shaft consisting of: a. corpora cavernosa -two lateral columns of erectile tissue b. corpus spongiosum - encases the urethra -The glans penis, a cone-shaped expansion of the corpus spongiosum that is highly in express males.
3. Testes: two solid ovoid organs 4-5 cm long and 2-3 wide, divided into lobes containing Seminiferous tubules -produce spermatozoa. Leydig cells - testosterone production.
Spermatozoa does not survive at body temperature. They usually survive 1F lower than body temperature.
B. Internal Structures
1. Epididymis: serves as reservoir for sperm storage and maturation. Approximately 20 ft. it takes 12-20 days for the sperm to travel the length of Epididymis. A total of 64 days before they reach maturity. (Treatment= 2 months). Aspermia (absence of sperm) Oligospermia- if < 20 million sperm/ ml 2. Vas deferens: a duct extending from epididymis to the ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle, providing a passageway for sperm. (sperm mature). Varicocele- varicosity of internal spermatic cord Vasectomy (male birth control) 3. Seminal vesical: are two convoluted pouches that lie along the lower portion of the bladder and empty into the urethra by the way of ejaculatory ducts