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E-mail: belghali_med@yahoo .fr

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* Source : Ministre des ressources en eau, agence nationale des


ressources hydrauliques,
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: guN

(28) - Ministre des ressources en eau, direction des tudes et des amnnagements hydrauliques, les ressources en eau en Algrie, Algrie, mars
2003, p.23.

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(5) - Ministre des ressources en eau, le secteur de leau en Algrie, Alggrie, juin 2005, p. 18
(6) - Ibid, p.20.
(7) - Ministre des ressources en eau, agence nationale des ressources hyddrauliques, leau dans le monde et en Algrie, Algrie, janvier 2003, p.11.

(37) - Ahmed Kettab, comment assurer une bonne gouvernance monddiale de la rpartition de leau? , Confrence sur les ressources en eau:
enjeu du 21me Sicle et dfi pour lhumanit, Algrie, 16 juin 2003,
conseil de la nation, (SENAT) Algrie, 2003, p.13.
(38) - Salim Saadi, la nouvelle reconfiguration permettra une meilleure
prise en charge du service de leau , Revue mutations, Algrie, N 32,
juin, anne 2000, p.8.

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(9) - Ministre des ressources en eau, le secteur de leau en Algrie,


Op.Cit., p.18.

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_ WJL : dUI ,UOL c ,s qOK sb UB - )12(
.20 ,2000 ,WOLU
UC :UDM ,UOL : WOO UUC ,` bL `U - )13(
.144 ,2001 ,lu dAM WUDK

(45) - Ministre des ressources en eau, le secteur de leau en Algrie, Op.


Cit., p.21.

(14) - Ministre des ressources en eau, sminaire sur le secteur de leau


en Algrie (avec la collaboration de la banque mondiale), dessalement de
leau de mer : une alternative, Algrie, janvier 2003, pp.11-12.

ddI dA ,wUL UB wMu fKL - )46(


ldL ,qIL UU d s : dze w UL u bONL
.65 ,dc oU
.192 190 ,dc oU ldL ,` bL `U - )47(
WuK b s WzULU : 73 nAJ WB ddI ,bU d - )48(
.5 ,2003/7/30 aU UB ,3844bF ,dze ,d bd ,
.11 ,2007/3/11aU UB ,4958 bF ,dze ,d bd - )49(
aU UB ,1422 bF ,dze ,dG u bd - )50(
.7 ,2007/6/26

132 . ,dc oU ldL ,dO `-)15(

(16) - Ministre des ressources en eau, le secteur de leau en Algrie, Op.


Cit., p.24.
(17) - Ministre des ressources en eau, sminaire sur le secteur de leau en
Algrie (avec la collaboration de la banque mondiale), Op. Cit., p. 18.

N bOd :UOL vK VKD ,rOd rU nU - )18(


.26 ,2003 ,dAM U bdL WR : UL ,bUH qOKI
(19) - Ministre des ressources en eau, le secteur de leau en Algrie,
Op.Cit., p.26.

92

duD U lu hOA : dze w WOzUL uL WUO


(81) - Ministre des ressources en eau, le secteur de leau en Algrie, Op.
Cit., p.26-27.

ddI dA ,wUL UB wMu fKL - )51(


ldL ,qIL UU d s : dze w UL u bONL
.71 ,dc oU
.150 ,dc oU ldL ,du wdF bL - )52(
,wdF su w _ V c : UL ,e bL bU - )53(
.157 ,2004 ,WOdF qOM WuL : dUI
w WO qI WU u ddI ,WO rOK WON - )54(
.74 ,dc oU ldL ,dze
.69 ,tH ldL - )55(
.6 ,dc oU ldL ,wzUL bL r_ ZUd -)56(

.33 31 ,dc oU ldL ,wzUL bL r_ ZUd - )82(


.114 ,dc oU ldL ,` bL `U - )83(

(84) - Ministre des ressources en eau, le secteur de leau en Algrie,


Op.Cit., p.28.

(85) - Conseil national conomique et social, projet de rapport sur la


configuration du foncier en Algrie : une Contrainte au dveloppement
conomique, (session plnire (24)), Algrie : conseil national conomiqque et social, 2004, p.13.

.293 ,dc oU ldL ,wKD e tK U - )86(


.13 ,dc oU ldL ,4866 bF ,dze ,d bd - )87(
.WHB fH ,ldL fH - )88(
UL 28 w R 12-05 r uU ,WuJK WUF WU_ - )89(
WOLd bd ,UOLU oKF , 2005 XA 4 ouL 1426 WOU
.10 ,2005/9/4 aU UB ,60 bF ,Wdze WuNLK
ddI dA ,wUL UB wMu fKL - )90(
ldL ,qIL UU d s : dze w UL u bONL
.78 ,dc oU
.11 ,dc oU ldL ,4958 bF ,dze ,d bd - )91(
.3 ,2003/7/5 aU UB ,13088 bF ,dze ,VFA bd - )92(

(57) - Mohamed Ourdir Belloul, rtrospective relative aux aspects juriddiques et institutionnels du service public de leau , revue idara, Algrie,
volume 6, N1, anne 1996, p.114.
(58) - Ibid ; pp. 115 - 114.

ddI dA ,wUL UB wMu fKL - )59(


ldL ,qIL UU d s : dze w UL u bONL
.76 ,dc oU
,dze ,UOL UD s w u ,WOzUL uL - )60(
.8 ,2001/2/6
ddI dA ,wUL UB wMu fKL - )61(
ldL ,qIL UU d s : dze w UL u bONL
.76 ,dc oU

(93) - Journal El Moudjahid, Algrie, N 12274, Op. Cit., p.12.

.11 ,dc oU ldL ,4958 bF ,dze ,d bd - )94(

(95) - Ministre des ressources en eau, tat des lieux et perspectives de dvveloppement du secteur des ressources en eau, Algrie, mai 2003, p.20.

(62) - Ministre des ressources en eau, agence nationale des barrages,


bilan 2001 et perspectives, Algrie, janvier 2002, pp.10-19.

.24 ,dc oU ldL ,wzUL bL r_ ZUd - )96(


wzUL s_ ,wLKF YK d_ WJ ,d_ WR - )97(
.26 ,2006 ,dUI ,UOL d
.2 ,2007/1/15 aU UB ,2998 bF ,dze ,UL bd - )98(
.3 ,2005/7/7 aU UB ,4441 bF ,dze ,d bd - )99(
aU UB ,4866 bF ,dze ,d bd - )100(
.5 ,2006/11/23
.298 ,dc oU ldL ,wzUL bL r_ ZUd - )101(
.WHB fH ,ldL fH - )102(
.26 ,dc oU ldL ,d_ WR - )103(
.298 ,dc oU ldL ,wzUL bL r_ ZUd - )104(
u ddI dA ,wUL UB wMu fKL - )105(
ldL ,2002 WM s wU wbK wUL UB dE
.59 ,dc oU
.292 ,dc oU ldL ,wKD e tK U )106(
.7 ,2007/6/19 aU UB ,5043 bF ,dze ,d bd - )107(
u ddI dA ,wUL UB wMu fKL - )108(
ldL ,2002 WM s wU wbK wUL UB dE
.59 ,dc oU
.3 ,dc oU ldL ,4441 bF ,dze ,d bd - )109(
.324 ,dc oU ldL ,wKD e tK U - )110(
.6 ,dc oU ldL ,4558 bF ,dze ,d bd - )111(
.19 ,dc oU ldL ,4958 bF ,dze ,d bd - )112(
uL ,uMO d ,u XO ,wU dU - )113(
: WbMJ ,)U U :WLd( ,WO WFdA w WOzUL
.15 7 ,2006 ,bb WFU

aU UB ,1985 bF ,dze ,wuO dA bd - )63(


.15 ,2007/5/6
.WHB fH ,ldL fH - )64(
.WHB fH ,ldL fH - )65(
.4 ,2005/3/28aU UB ,4354 bF ,dze ,d bd - )66(
.153 ,dc oU ldL ,du wdF bL )67(
(68) - Ministre des ressources en eau, agence nationale des barrages,
rencontre nationale des cadres Algrie, 24 et 25/6/2003, p.15.

.6 ,2005/11/22 aU UB ,4558 bF ,dze ,d bd - )69(


ddI dA ,wUL UB wMu fKL - )70(
ldL ,qIL UU d s : dze w UL u bONL
.106 ,dc oU
.11 ,dc oU ldL ,4958 bF ,dze ,d bd - )71(
.151 ,dc oU ldL ,du wdF bL - )72(
.9 ,dc oU ldL ,wzUL bL r_ ZUd - )73(
(74) - Journal El Moudjahid, Algrie, N 12274, 9/2/2005, pp.12-13.

aU UB ,1865 bF ,dze ,wuO dA bd )75(


.6 ,2006/12/12
.6 ,2006/12/4 aU UB ,4875 bF ,dze ,d bd - )76(
.123-124 ,dc oU ldL ,rOd rU nU - )77(
.5 ,2003/7/26 aU UB ,3840 bF ,dze ,d bd - )78(
(79) - Ministre des ressources en eau, le secteur de leau en Algrie, Op.
Cit., p.26.

: ddI dA ,wUL UB wMu fKL - )80(


wMu fKL : dze ,)9( )b( ,WOLM U dze w WO
.30 ,1997 ,wUL UB
93

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