n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

MC LC
MC LC............................................................................................................................................................................1

LI M U

Cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, my in mt chiu vn c coi l quan trng v c s dng rng ri nhiu ngnh ngh khc nhau. Nhng ch yu c dng lm ng c in, my pht in hay dng trong mt s iu kin lm vic khc. ng c in mt chiu c c tnh iu chnh tc rt tt, v vy my c dng trong nhiu ngnh cng nghip c yu cu cao v iu chnh tc nh cn thp, hm m giao thng vn ti. Nhng i km vi n l nhng yu cu v in p dng in, v vy cn mt phng php nhm p ng nhu cu trn. in t cng sut l lnh vc k thut hin i, nghin cu nhng ng dng cc linh kin bn dn lm vic ch chuyn mch vo qu trnh bin i in nng. Hin nay cc thit b in t cng sut chim 30% trong s cc thit b ca mt x nghip hin i. Nh ch trng cng nghip ha hin i ha ngy cng c nhiu x nghip mi, dy truyn mi, i hi cn b k thut v k s in nhng kin thc v in t cng sut v mch vi x l. Xut pht t yu cu thc t v tm quan trng ca b mn in t cng sut cc thy c trong b mn in t cng sut cho chng em tng bc tip xc vi vic thit k thng qua n mn hc in t cng sut v n tt nghip. Trong n tt nghip em c giao ti v: Xy dng mch iu khin chnh lu thyristor thc hin n p dng TCA 785 . i vi nhng sinh vin nm th 3, y l ln u tip xc vi thc t. Chnh v vy, trong qu trnh thc hin n khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st nn em knh mong thy c thng cm v b qua cho chng em. Em xin trn thnh cm n cc thy c trong b mn t ng ha x nghip cng nghip, v c bit l thy gio ng S Vc tn tnh hng dn em hon thnh n tt nghip ny. H ni, ngy 28 thng9 nm 2012 Sinh vin
Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT 1

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

Phm Hng Cng

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V THYRISTOR V TCA785 1. 1. Tng quan v Thyristor a) Cu to L dng c bn dn gm 4 lp bn n loi P v N ghp xen k nhau v c 3 cc ant, catt v cc iu khin ring G .
A P1 + + + + N1+ J1 + Ei J2 + P2 + + J3 G N2 K

Hnh 1-1

K G

K hiu :

b) Nguyn l hot ng Khi Thyristor c ni vi ngun mt chiu E > 0 tc cc dng t vo ant cc m t vo catt, th tip gip J1, J3 c phn cc thun cn min J2 phn cc ngc, gn nh ton b in p c t ln mt ghp J2, in trng ni ti E1 ca J2 c chiu t N1 hng ti P2. in trng ngoi tc ng cng chiu vi E1, vng chuyn tip l vng cch in cng c m rng ra, khng c dng in chy qua tiristor mc d n c t di 1 in p dng. +M Thyristor : Nu cho mt xung in p dng Ug tc ng vo cc G (dng so vi K ) th cc electron t N2 chy sang P2. n y mt s t trong chng chy v ngun Ug v hnh thnh dng iu khin Ig chy theo mch G1 - J3 - K - G , cn phn ln in t di sc ht cu in trng tng hp ca mt J2 lao vo vng chuyn tip ny chng c tng tc do c ng nng rt ln s b gy cc lin kt gia cc nguyn t Si, to nn cc in t t do mi. S in t ny li tham gia bn ph cc nguyn t Si khc trong vng chuyn tip. Kt qu ca cc phn ng dy chuyn ny lm xut hin cng nhiu in twr chy vo vung N1 qua P1 v n cc dng ca ngun in ngoi, gy nn hin tng n in o t lm cho J2 tr thnh mt ghp dn in bt u t mt dim no sung quanh cc ri pht trin ra ton b mt ghp vi tc lan truyn khong 1m/100s
Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT 3

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

- Mt trong nhng bin php n gin nht m Thyristor c trnh by trn hnh v. . Khi ng m K, nu Ig > Igst th T m ( Ig (1,1 1,2 ). Igst ) E G= (1,1 1,2) I gst Ig : Gi tr dng iu khin ghi trong s tay tra cu Thyristor R2 = 100 1000()

+E Rt R1 K R2 Hnh 1-2a -E T

C th hnh dung nh sau : Khi dt Thyristor UAK > 0 th Thyristor tnh trng sn sn m cho dng chy qua, nhng n cn i tn hiu Ig cc iu khin, nu Ig > Igst th Thyristor m. +Kho Thyristor Mt khi Thyristor m th tn hiu th tn hiu Ig khng cn tc dng na. kho Thyristor c 2 cch : . Gim dng in lm vic I xung gi tr dng duy tr Idt . t mt in p ngc ln Thyristor UAK < 0, hai mt J1, J3 phn cc ngc, J2 phn cc thun. Nhng in t trc thi im o cc tnh UAK < 0 ang c mt ti P1, N1, P2,
+E +E

R C T Hnh 1-2b
Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT

Rt1 A

Rt2 B T2 Hnh 1-2c

4

T1

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

by gi o chiu hnh trnh, to nn dng in ngc chy t Catt v Ant v v cc m ca ngun in p ngoi. - Lc u qu trnh t t0 t1, dng in ngc kh ln, sau J1, J3 tr nn cch in. Cn mt t in t c gi li gia hai mt ghp, hin tng khuch tn s lm chng t dn i cho n ht v J2 khi phc li tnh cht ca mt ghp iu khin. - Thi gian kho toff c tnh t khi bt u xut hin dong in ngc bng 0 (t 2) y l thi gian m sau nu t in p thun ln Thyristor th Thyristor vn khng m, toff ko di khong vi chc s. Trong bt k trng hp no cng khng c t tiristor di in p thun khi Thyristor cha b kho nu khng s c nguy c gy ngn mch ngun. Trn s hnh (b), vic kho Thyristor bng in p ngc c thc hin bng cch ong kho K. cn s (c) cho php kha Thyristor mt cch t ng. Trong mch hnh (c) khi m Thyristor ny th tiristor kia s kho li. Gi thuyt cho mt xung in p dng t vo G1T1 m dn n xut hin 2 dng in : Dng th nht chy theo mch : +E - R1-T1 - -E,cn dng th 2 chy theo mch +E - R2 -T1- -E. - T C c np in n gi tr E, bn cc dng B, bn cc m A. By gi nu cho mt xung in p dng tc ng vo G2T2 m n s t in th im B vo catt ca T1. Nh vy l T1 b t di in p Uc = -E v T1 b kho li. -T2 m li xut hin 2 dng in : Dng th nht chy theo mch : + E - R 1-C - T2 -E. Cn dng th hai chy theo mch : +E - R2 - T2 - -E. - T C c np ngc li cho n gi tr E, chun b kho T2 khi ta cho xung m T1 c) in dung ca t in chuyn mch - Trong s hnh (b), (c) mt cu hi c t ra l : T in C phi c gi tr bng bao nhiu th c th kho c Thyristor ? Nh ni trn khi T1 m cho dng chy qua th C c np in n gi tr E. bn cc + pha im B. ti thi im cho xung m T2 (c 2 Thyristor iu m), ta c phng trnh mch in.
E = i.R1 + U c vi i = C du c dt

Nn E = C.R1 Vit di dng ton t Laplace :

du c +Uc dt

P = C.R1 { P.[U c ( p ) U c ( 0 ) ]} + U c ( p ) E

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

V U c ( 0) = E nn U c ( p ) =

T ta c : Thi gian toff l khong thi gian k t khi m T2 cho n khi UT1 bt u tr thnh dng, vy ta c :

U c ( t ) = E 1 2.e at = U T 1 .

Q.E 1 vi a = R1 .C p( p + a )

E 1 2.e a.toff = 0 t off = 0,693 .R1C hoc

C=

t off 0,693.R1
R1 =

1,44.I .t off E s nhn c C = I E

toff : ; I : Ampe ; E : Volt ; C : F d) t tnh Volt - Ampe ca Thyristor

Ia III IH Ung IV I0 Ing II I U Uch

Uth

Hnh 1-3

on 1 : ng vi trng thi kho ca Thyristor, ch c dng in r chy qua Thyristor khi tng U ln n Uch (in p chuyn trng thi ), bt u qu trnh tng nhanh chng ca dng in. Thyristor chuyn sang trng thi m. on 2 : ng vi giai on phn cc thun ca J2. Trong giai on ny mi lng tng nh ca dng in ng vi mt lng gim ln ca in p t ln Thyristor, on ny gi l on in tr m. on 3 : ng vi trng thi m ca Thyristor. Khi ny c 3 mt ghp tr thng n in. Dng chy qua Thyristor ch cn b hn ch bi in tr mch ngoi. in p ri trn Thyristor rt ln khong 1V. Thyristor c gi trng thi m chng no I cn ln hn dng duy tr IH. on 4 : ng vi trng thi Thyristor b t di in p ngc. Dng in rt ln, khong vi chc mA. Nu tng U n Ung th dng in ngc tng ln nhanh chng, mt

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

ghp b chc thng, Thyristor b hng. Bng cch cho I g ln hn 0 s nhn c t tnh Volt - Ampe vi cc Uch nh dn i. 1.2. Cc s -S chc nng:
UCL

~220V

CL

PH

Hnh 1-4. S chc nng -S cu trc

Hnh 1-5. S cu trc 1.3. Tng quan v TCA 785 a) Gii thiu

Hnh 1-6 :TCA 785

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT 7

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

b)S vi mch TCA 785

Hnh 1-7

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

Bng ch thch : Pin Chn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Symbol K hiu GND

Q2

Function (Chc nng) Ground Output 2 inverted Output U Output 1 inverted Synchronous voltage Inhibit Output Z Stabilized voltage Ramp resistance Ramp capacitance Control voltage Pulse extension Long pulse Output 1 Output 2 Supply voltage Ni t u ra s 2 o u ra U u ra s 1 o in p ng b Chn kho u ra Z in p chun in tr tuyn tnh T tuyn tnh in p iu khin M rng xung Xung di u ra s 1 u ra s 2 in p ngun nui

QU
Q1

VSYNC I QZ VREF R9 C10 V11 C12 L Q1 Q2 Vs

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

Vi mch TCA 785 cn c gi l cng tc ngng. -c bn rng ri trn th trng, vi mch ny do hng Siemens ch to, c s dng iu khin cc thit b chnh lu, thit b iu chnh dng in xoay chiu. -TCA 785 l vi mch phc hp thc hin 4 chc nng ca mt mch iu khin: +T u in p ng b. +To in p rng ca ng b. +So snh. +To xung ra. c) M t chc nng Tn hiu ng b c c qua tr khng cao t in p dy(V5).B pht hin in p khng s xc nh cc in p khng v chuyn chng n thanh ghi ng b. Thanh ghi ng b ny iu khin b to dc(lm dc xung tn hiu khin),t C 10 trong b to dc c np vi dng c nh (xc nh bi R9).Nu in p dc (in p rng ca,tam gic) V10 vt qu in p iu khin V11 (gc m ) th tn hiu in chuyn thnh dng Logic ph thuc vo ln ca in p iu khin V11 m gc m c th c dch chuyn trong khong (00 1800) Vi mi 1/2 phn sng mt xung dng c 30 s li xut hin ti cc u ra Q1,Q2 Gi s tn ti xung c th t ti 1800 qua t C12 .Nu chn 12 ni mass cc xung trong khong gc ( 1800) s xut hin .
Cc u ra Q 1, Q 2 cung cp tn hiu ngc vi Q1,Q2 .Tn hiu ti +1800 c th c

dng iu khin mt b Lgic ngoi c ti chn 3. Mt tn hiu tng ng vi lin kt NOR ca Q1,Q2 c sn ti ca ra QZ (chn 7) Cng vo hn ch c th c dng loi tr hot ng ca cc cng ra Q1,Q2 Q 1, Q 2 .
Chn 13 c th dng m rng cc u ra Q 1, Q 2 nhm lp y rng xung (1800 -

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT

10

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

V5

i gb np n

V10 V10 V11 V10 0V

i hd c np n i d c np i uk i n p i h n i d cm n p in

V15 .Q 2

V14 .Q1

V15 .Q 2

C 1 t i hn 2 t C 1 t i hn 2 t C 1 t i hn 3 t

V14 .Q1 V2 .Q 2

V4 .Q1

C 1 t i hn 3 t

V3 .Q U V7 .Q Z

Hnh 1-8: Gin in p C th iu chnh gc m t 00 n 1800 in. -Thng s ch yu ca TCA 785:

in p nui: Vs = - 0.5- 18V Dng in tiu th: IS = 10 mA

Dng in ra: I = 50 mA
in p rng ca: Vr max = (VS 2) V in tr trong mch to in p rng ca: in p iu khin: V11 = -0,5 (Us 2) V T in: C10 = 0,5 F Tn s xung ra: f = 10 500 Hz
Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT 11

R9 = 20 k - 500 k

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

Dng in u ra ti chn 14 15 : IQ = - 10 -400 mA in p cm : V6 = - 0.5 VS

Dng in ra ng b : Isync= - 200 + 200 A

Dng in ra ti chn 2,3,4,7 : IQ = 10 mA in p ra ti chn 2,3,4,7 : VQ = VS (V) Nhit tip gip : TJ = 1500C

Nhit lm vic : TSTG = - 550C n 1250C Nhit xung quanh : TA = - 25oC n 850oC

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT

12

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

CHNG 2 PHN TCH V LA CHN PHNG N 2.1. t vn Di y l mt s mch chnh lu c bn hay c s dng: Chnh lu cu mt pha iu khin u katt chung. Chnh lu hnh tia 3 pha. Chnh lu cu 3 pha iu khin i xng. Chnh lu cu 3 pha iu khin khng i xng. 2.2. Chnh lu cu 1 pha iu khin u katt chung: 2.2.1. S nguyn l

Hnh 2-1. Chnh lu cu 1 pha iu khin u katt chung.

Hnh 2-2.Gin in p chnh lu cu 1 pha iu khin u katt chung. 2.2.2. Nguyn l hot ng Trong chu k u in p anod ca Tiristo T1 dng, nu cp xung iu khin dng thun vi iu kin phi th T1, D4 s dn. n + 2 chu k sau in p i du, anod ca T2 dng, nu c xung iu khin th T2, D3 m.
Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT 13

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

2.2.3 Cng thc lin quan in p ra: Ud = 0,9U2cos Vi: gc iu khin U2 tham s c nh Dng in trn van: Iv = Cng sut bin p Sba = 1,23Pd in p ngc ln nht trn van Ungmax = 6 U2 Tr s hiu dng dng in cun th cp bin p ngun: I2 = 1,11Id Id tr s trung bnh dng in ra ti 2.2.4 Nhn xt n gin hn v lc v iu khin Cho php u trc tip mch iu khin vi mch lc khi cc thyristor u chung ka tt. Khng thc hin c qu trnh nghch lu 2.3. Chnh lu hnh tia 3 pha 2.3.1 S nguyn l
A B C L T1 T2 T3 R

Hnh 2-3.Chnh lu hnh tia 3 pha

Hnh 2-4. Gin in p v dng in chnh lu tia 3 pha

2.3.2. Nguyn l hot ng:

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT 14

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

Nguyn tc m thng v iu khin cc van: khi anod ca van no dng hn th van mi c kch m, thi im hai in p ca hai pha giao nhau c coi l gc thng t nhin ca cc van bn dn. Cn cc Tiristo ch c m thng vi gc m nh nht ti thi im gc m t nhin( nh vy trong chnh lu tia 3 pha, gc m nh nht = 0 s dch pha so vi in p pha mt gc l 30o). Chnh lu tia 3 pha c phn bit bi hai vng m khc nhau: Khi < /6 th vic m van bn dn khng ph thuc vo ti dng g. Trong vng m in p dng cc Tiristo dn lin tc: c s chuyn mch t van ny sang van kia, khng c s hon tr nng lng v li. Cc ng cong Ud, Id lin tc. Khi > /6 th Tiristo s c m trong khong no ty thuc vo tch cht ca ti: nu ti thun tr th ng cong in p v dng in l gin on cn nu ti in cm (nht l in cm ln) th ng cong dng in v in p l cc ng cong lin tc nh nng lng d tr trong cun dy ln duy tr dng in khi in p i du. Vi ti in cm, Tiristo c dn c phn m in p nn c s tr nng lng v li. 2.3.3. Cng thc lin quan: in p ra: Ud =
3 6 U2cos = 1,17U2cos 2

Vi: gc iu khin U2 tham s c nh Dng in trn van: Iv =

Id 3

Cng sut bin p Sba = 1,35Pd in p ngc ln nht trn van Ungmax = 6 U2 Tr s hiu dng dng in cun th cp bin p ngun: I2 = 0,58Id Id tr s trung bnh dng in ra ti

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT

15

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

2.3.4. Nhn xt Vic iu khin cc van tng i n gin. in p ra ti thp. Cng suet my bin p ln hn cng suet mt chiu 1,3 ln. St p trong mch van nh ph hp vi phm vi in p lm vic thp. p mch gim ng k nn kich thc b lc nh. 2.4. Chnh lu cu 3 pha iu khin i xng: 2.4.1. S nguyn l

T 2 T 4 T 6 R

T 1 T 3 T 5

Hnh 2-5. S chnh lu cu 3 pha iu khin i xng

5 2 3 1 0

5 3 2 1 0

Hnh 2-6. gin in p v dng in dn qua van

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT 16

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

2.4.2. Nguyn l hot ng Theo hot ng ca chnh lu cu 3 pha iu khin i xng, dng in chy qua ti l dng in chy t pha ny v pha kia, do ti mi thi im cn m Tiristo chng ta cn cp 2 xung iu khin ng thi (1 xung nhm anod, 1 xung nhm catod). Hai xung iu khin c: mt xung chnh quyt nh gc m, 1 xung m c dng in. Cc van T1, T3, T5 thay nhau dn cho in p im katot chung Ukc Cc van T2, T4, T6 thay nhau dn im anot chung Uac. 2.4.3. Cng thc lin quan: in p ra: Ud = Udocos = 3 6 U2cos

Dng trung bnh trn van Itbv =

Id 3

in p ngc ln nht: Ungmax = 6 U2

Cng sut my bin p: Sba = 1,05Pd Tr s hiu dng dng in cun th cp bin p ngun: I2 = 0,816Id 2.4.3 Nhn xt Chnh lu cu ba pha l loi c s dng rng ri nht trong thc t, v n c nhiu u im . N cho php c th u thng vo li in 3 pha, p mch nh 5%. Nu c s dng my bin p th gy mo li in t hn cc loi khc. ng thi cng sut mch chnh lu ny ln len ti vi trm KW. Nhc im l st p trn van gp I trren van ca s hnh tia. 2.5 Chnh lu cu 3 pha iu khin khng i xng 2.5.1 S nguyn l
D 1 D 2 D 3 T 1 T 2 T 3

A K ? Hnh 2-7. chnh lu cu 3 pha OC khng i xng L -D

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT

17

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

A Uf 0 1 2

3 4

5 6

Hnh 2-8. Gin in p 2.5.2 Nguyn l hot ng Pha iu khin: Tiristo c dn thng t thi im c xung m cho n khi m Tiristo ca pha k tip. Trong trng hp in p ti gin on Tiristo c dn t thi im c xung m cho n khi in p dy i du. Pha khng iu khin: Cc Diod t ng dn thng khi in p t ln chng thun chiu. Chnh lu cu 3 pha iu khin khng i xng c dng in v in p ti lin tc khi gc m ca cc van dn < 60o, khi gc m tng ln v thnh phn in cm ca ti nh, dng in v in p ti s gin on. 2.5.3 Cng thc lin quan: in p ra: Ud = Udocos = 3 6 U2cos

Dng trung bnh trn van Itbv =

Id 3

in p ngc ln nht: Ungmax = 6 U2

Cng sut my bin p: Sba = 1,05Pd Tr s hiu dng dng in cun th cp bin p ngun: I2 = 0,816Id 2.5.4 Nhn xt Ta c th coi mch iu khin ca chnh lu cu 3 pha iu khin khng i xng ny nh iu khin mt chnh lu tia 3 pha nhng hiu sut s dng bin p cao v cht lng in p kh tt vi bin p mch nh. So vi chnh lu cu 3 pha iu khin i xng th trong s ny vic kch m cc van iu khin d dng hn nhng bin p mch ca in p chnh lu ln hn, phn hi bc 3 c gi tr ln ko theo cun khng lc cng knh.
Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT 18

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

2.6

Kt lun Qua tm hiu mt s s mch chnh lu c bn, v yu cu ca n v s liu: Pm = 1 KW Ud = 110 (V) Ta thy P
m

nh hn 15 KW nn dng s chnh lu 1 pha cu 1 pha iu khin u katt

U dkh ln nn dng s cu. Vy ph hp yu cu n ta chn s chung.

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT

19

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

CHNG 3 - TNH CHN CC PHN T MCH IU KHIN - Tiristor ch m cho dng in chy qua khi c in p dng t trn anot v xung dng dng t vo cc iu khin G. Sau khi tiristor m th xung iu khin khng cn tc dng, dng in chy qua tiristor do thng s ca mch ng lc quyt nh. - Mch iu khin c cc chc nng sau: +iu chnh c v tr xung iu khin trong phm vi na chu k dng ca in p t trn anot catot ca tiristor. +To ra c cc xung iu kin m c tiristor (xung iu khin thng c bin t 2 - 10 V, rng xung tiristorx = 20 - 100 s i vi thit b chnh lu). rng xung c tnh theo biu thc:

tx =

I dt di dt
Idt : dng duy tr ca tiristor
di : tc tng trng ca dng ti dt

Trong :

3.1. Thit k mch iu khin -S chc nng:

UCL

~220V

CL

PH

Hnh 3-1. S chc nng -S cu trc

Hnh 3-2. S cu trc

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT 20

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

+Khu 1: Khu so snh, khi UCM UC =0 th trig lt trng thi u ra c 1 chui xung sin ch nht +Khu 2: a hi 1 trng thi n nh +Khu 3: Khuch i xung *Cc gi tr trung bnh: -Gi tr trung bnh ca in p chnh lu:

Ud =

1 3 u d .dt = T 2 0

2 + + 6 3 + 6

U m . sin .d =

3 6 U . cos 2

U di 0 =

3 6 U : gi tr trung bnh ca in p chnh lu ca b chnh lu iu 2

khin vi = 0 0 Suy ra

U d = U di 0 . cos

- to thnh 1 mch iu khin thng s dng cc linh kin: bin p ng pha, vi mch TCA 785 (cng tc ngng), tranzitor, my bin p xung, cc diot v diot zener v mt s linh kin in t khc. 3.2. Khu khuch i xung -Xung ra trn vi mch TCA 785 cha ln c th m tiristor, do cn khuch i xung c bin ln c th m tiristor ng lc. -Khuch i to xung gm cc linh kin: transistor, bin p xung, diot v cc bin tr phn cc cho tranzitor. a) S 1 pha ca khu khuch i xung
+ 15V R3 T D8 DZ2 R5 D10 R4 BAX D9 R6 Rg DZ4

Hnh 3-3. S khu khuch i xung

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT 21

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

b) Chc nng ca cc linh kin -D8, Dz4: hn ch dng qu in p trn cc colector v emitor ca transistor. -R3, R4: in tr hn ch dng phn cc IB ca transistor c) Hot ng ca s Gi s tn hiu vo Uc (l tn hiu logic) c ly t chn 15 (v 14) ca TCA 785. -Khi Uc = 1 (mc logic 1)th tranzitor dn bo ho Gi s khi t = 0, Uc = 1, tranzitor dn, in cm L ca bin p xung ngn khng cho

Ic =

US ngay, m dng Ic tng t t theo hm m Rc

vi T =

t Uc ic = (1 e T ) Rc

L1 Rc

-Khi Uc = 0 (mc logic 0) th Dz2 b chn li v tranzitor b kho. Khi t = t1 Uc = 0 ta c:

t1 US U i L (t1 ) = i c (t1 ) = .(1 e T ) = I 0 < S Rc Rc

Tranzitor b kho Ic = 0 1 L.I 02 sinh ra qu in p trn cc C v E, 2 qu in p c th vt qu 100V nn c th ph hu transistor. Khi c D8: UCE = UC UE = 0,8 (V) th D8 m cho dng chy qua lm ngn mch 2 im C, F trn cun s cp my bin p xung. Do : UCE = US + 0,8 (V) 3.3. Khu truyn hm iu khin Khi c xung cun dy th cp ca my bin p xung, xungna truyn qua D9 n iu khin m tiristor. RG: hn ch dng iu khin R: iu khin rng ca xung. 3.4. Tnh chn cc thng s ca cc phn t mch iu khin a) Tnh chn cc phn t trong khu khuch i xung Chn diot D9 dng iu khin ca tiristor 91RC60: US = 7 V, Ig = 300 mA Chn diot D9 loi S310 ca Lin X vi cc thng s: UCE = 40 V, UBE = 3 V, Ic max = 300 mA, = 13 25 Vy nu khng c diot D2 th nng lng W = Vi IC = 150 mA, chn = 20
Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT 22

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

IB =

I C 150 = = 7,5mA 20

in tr Rc:
Rc = U CE U 1 U D 3 U S U 1 U D 3 18 15,2 0,6 = = = 14,667() Ic Ic 150.10 3

Rc = 15()
Tnh chn R4:

U BE 3.10 6 R1 = = = 70,58() I c .I B 150.7,5.10 6

Chn D8 loi S310 c cc thng s: I = 0,5 A, Ung max = 20 V, UV = UD3 = 0,6 V Diot Dz l loi diot zener loi 1W3815 c cc thng s: Imax = 264 mA, U0N = 16 V, Pmax = 2 W Tnh chn Dz2 v R3: Dng in ra t chn 14 v 15 qua diot D1 l 50 mA Bin xung ra Ux = 16 V Chn Dz2 l diot zener loi KU139A c cc thng s U = 3,7 V; Imax = 70 mA; Imin = 30 mA Dng in ra trn chn 14 v 15 qua diot D1 l 50 mA Bin xung ra Ux = 16 V in tr R3 c tnh nh sau: R3= = =186 b) Chn cc phn t bn ngoi TCA 785 Ta chn R q = 100(k)

C10 = 0,5( F )

C12 = 0,5( F )
c) Tnh chn bin p xung T s bin p ca bin p xung c tnh theo cng thc:

m=

U1 UX

(thng m = 2 -3 )

Chn m = 2 Vy in p s cp ca bin p xung l: U1 = m . UX = 2 . (7 + 0,6) = 15,2 (V)

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT 23

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

Vi UX = Uq + Up = (7 + 0,6) (V) Dng in s cp ca bin p xung:

I1 =

Ig 2

= 150(mA)

*Mch t: Chn vt liu st t 330, li st t c dng hnh ch nht, lm vic trn 1 phn c tnh ca t ho tuyn tnh BS = 2,2 T, B = 1,7 T lm vic f = 50 Hz, c khe H = 50 A/m. T thm ca li thp t:

B 0,7 = = 1,4.10 4 6 0 H 50.10

V mch t c khe h nn phi tnh t thm trung bnh. S b ta chn chiu di trung bnh ca ng sc: L = 0,1 m; khe h lkh = 10-5

tb =

L l kh + L

0,1 10 5 + 0,1 1,4.10 4

= 5,8.10 3

Th tch li st t:

tb . 0 .t X .S .U S 2 .I 2 5,8.10 3.10 6 .5.10 4 .0,15.15,2.0,15 V = 1 = = B 2 0,7 2

= 2,204 . 10-6 (m) = 2,204 (cm3) Chn th tch bng 3 (cm3) Chn cc s liu thit k: l = 2 (cm), a =
3 =1,5 (cm) 2

S vng dy cun s cp bin p xung:

U 1 .tx1 15,2.5.10 4 W1 = = = 95(vng ) B. .K 0,7.1,5.0,76.10 4

S vng dy cun th cp bin p xung:

W2 =

U2 7,6.95 .W1 = = 47,5(vng ) U1 15,2

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT

24

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT

25

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

3.5. Nguyn l hot ng c s Vi s nguyn l nh trn, cc Thyristor c ni theo nhm katt chung nn cc phn t chnh lu c c im nh sau: - Thyristor dn in l Thyristor c ant c ni vi in p cao nht v phi c kch xung ng pha vi in p ca pha . - Thyristor no dn in th n s gnh trn dng in ti. - Khi c mt Thyristor dn in th hai Thyristor cn li s khng dn ( nu ta xt b qua s chuyn mch ). tin hnh iu chnh tc ng c, ngi ta thay i gc kch ca Thyristor s thay i c in p chnh lu, lm cho in p t ln phn ng ng c thay i. Xt hai trng hp: * Khi = 0: Ta kch Thyristor ti thi im chuyn mch t nhin lm cho in p ra trung bnh l cc i: Udo = Udmax
U do =U d max cos = m 2 2f sin U m

Trong :

- Udo: in p chnh lu ti thi im = 0. - m: S pha ca chnh lu ( m = 3 ). - U2f: in p pha th cp my bin p.

* Khi 0: Ud = Udmaxcos
Ud = m 2U 2 f sin cos m

- Khi 0 < < 300: Dng chnh lu s lin tc . Trong khong thi gian t1t2 in p ra Ua c gi tr ln nht, ng thi ti thi im t1 kch xung cho T1. T1 nhn xung kch nn dn in, m cho dng in chy qua cn hai van T2 b kha. Sau thi im t2 tr i Ub c gi tr ln nht. Ti t2, kch xung cho T2 nn T2 dn. Lc ny ta c Ua < Ub nn ant ca T1 c in th thp hn so vi katt ca n, do T1 b kha. Nh vy mi Thyristor s cho dng chy qua n trong khong thi gian 120 0 in v gi tr trung bnh ca in p chnh lu Thyristor :
Ud = 3 2
2 + + 6 3

2U 2 sin d =

3 6 U 2 cos 2

in p ngc t ln mi Thyristor l hiu s in th gia ant v katt ca Thyristor :

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT 26

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

. Khi T2 dn:
U ngT1 = U b U a = 6U 2 cos( ) 3

im cc tr ca in p ngc t ln T1 l: 4 U ngT 1 = 6U 2 khi = 3 11 U ngT 1 = 6U 2 khi =

3

Dng in chnh lu c san bng c gi tr:

Id = Ud Rd + X d
2 3

Gi tr trung bnh ca dng in chy qua mi Thyristor l:

I dtb = 1 2

I
0

d =

Id 3

- Khi 300 < < 900: in p ra tc thi s m trong mt s khong. - Khi = 900: in p ra trung bnh Udtb = 0. Ta nhn thy: Trong khong 0 < < 900, b bin i lm vic ch chnh lu vi in p Ud > 0. V trong khong 900 < < 1800, b bin i lm vic ch nghch lu vi Ud < 0. Mi quan h gia Ud = f ( ) ca b chnh lu Thyristor c biu din nh sau:
Ud Ud0 CL 0 - Ud0 /2 NL

Hnh 3 4. c tnh iu chnh Ud = f(). 3.6. Tnh ton bo v cho van v mch iu khin a) Bo v qu nhit cho cc van bn dn Tn tht cng sut trn 1 tiristor:
P = U .I lv = 1,5.34.51 = 51,77( W)
Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT 27

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

Din tch b mt to nhit:

Sn =

P 51,77 = = 0,16(m 2 ) K n . 8.40

: chnh lch nhit so vi mi trng.

Trong :

Ly Tmt = 400C Chn Tlv trn cnh tn nhit l 800C Suy ra = Tlv Tmt = 400C Kn : h s to nhit bng i lu v bc x. Chn Kn = 8 W/m2.0C Chn loi cnh tn nhit c 12 cnh, kch thc mi cnh a.b=10.10 (cm) Tng din tch tn nhit ca cnh: S = 12 . 2 . 10 . 10 = 2400 (cm2) = 0,24 (m2) b) Bo v qu dng in cho van Aptomat dng ng ct mch ng lc, t ng bo v khi qu ti v ngn mch tiristor, ngn mch u ra b bin i, ngn mch th cp my bin p, ngn mch ch nghch lu. Chn 1 aptomat c:

I dm = 1,1.I ld = 1,1. 3.44,84 = 85,43( A) 85( A)

Udm = 220 (V) C 3 tip im chnh, c th ng ct bng tay hoc bng nam chm in Chnh nh dng ngn mch:

I nm = 2,5.I ld = 2,5. 3.44,84 = 194,16( A) 194 ( A)

Dng qu ti:

I qt = 1,5.I ld = 1,5. 3.44,84 = 116,49( A) 116 ( A)

Chn cu dao c dng nh mc:

I qt = 1,1.I ld = 1,1. 3.44,84 = 85( A)

Cu dao dng to khe h an ton khi sa cha h truyn ng. Dng dy chy tc ng nhanh bo v ngn mch cc tiristor ngn mch u ra ca b chnh lu: Nhm 1CC: Dng in nh mc mc dy chy nhm 1CC: I1CC = 1,1 . I2 = 1,1 . 48,58 = 53,44 (A) Nhm 2CC: Dng in nh mc mc dy chy nhm 2CC:
Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT 28

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

I2CC = 1,1 . Ihd = 1,1 . 34,51 = 37,96 (A) Nhm 3CC: Dng in nh mc mc dy chy nhm 3CC: I3CC = 1,1 . Id = 1,1 . 59,5 = 65,45 (A) Vy chn cu chy nhm: 1CC loi 60 (A), 2CC loi 40 (A), 3CC loi 70 (A) c) Bo v qu in p cho van Bo v qu in p do qu trnh ng ct tiristor c thc hin bng cch mc RC song song vi tiristor. Chn R1 = 5,1 ( ), C1 = 0,25 ( F )
R1 C1

Hnh 3-5: Mch RC bo v qu in p do chuyn mch Bo v xung in p t li in, ta mc mch R-C nh hnh v: Chn R2 = 12,5 ( ), C1 = 4 ( F )

R2 R2

C2

R2

C2 C2

Hnh 3-6: Mch RC bo v qu in p t li

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT

29

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

CHNG 4 - KT LUN
Qua n mn hc in t cng sut vi ti: "Xy dng mch iu khin chnh lu Thyristor thc hin n p dng TCA785", gip em hiu r hn v: ng c in mt chiu, Thyristor, b chnh lu hnh tia ba pha, cc khu iu khin , vi mch TCA785, mch bo v,cng nh cch tnh ton cc thng s ca cc linh kin trong mch. Sau mt qu trnh hc tp v nghin cu n, cng vi s hng dn tn tnh ca thy gio ng S Vc v s gip ca cc bn cng lp, em hon thnh cc nhim v c giao ca bn n: Xy dng mch iu khin chnh lu Thyristor thc hin n p dng TCA785 Trong qu trnh thc hin, chc chn bn thn em khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st, em rt mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp ca cc thy v cc bn bn n ny c hon thin hn. Em xin chn thnh cm n!

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT

30

 n in t cng sut v truyn ng in

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. in t cng sut . Tc gi: L Vn Doanh, Nguyn Th Cng, Trn Vn Thnh. 2. in t cng sut . Tc gi: Nguyn Bnh. 3. Tnh ton thit k thit b in t cng sut . Tc gi : Trn Vn Thnh.

Phm Hng Cng Lp 14A KT

31