TRIN KHAI CNG NGH O HO VI MICROSOFT HYPER-V

Tc gi: Trn Vn Ti B mn: K Thut H Thng, Khoa Mng Truyn Thng, Trng Cao ng Ngh CNTT iSpace
***

Tm tt Ngy nay, cng ngh o ha my ch tr thnh xu hng chung ca hu ht cc doanh nghip (DN) trn ton th gii. Nhng kh khn trong thi k khng hong khin cho cc DN phi tm mi cch gim thiu chi ph. Cng ngh o ha gip cc DN ct gim chi tiu hiu qu vi kh nng tn dng ti a nng sut ca cc thit b phn cng. Vic p dng cng ngh o ha my ch nhm tit kim khng gian s dng, ngun in v gii php ta nhit trong trung tm d liu. Ngoi ra vic gim thi gian thit lp my ch, kim tra phn mm trc khi a vo hot ng cng l mt trong nhng mc ch chnh khi o ha my ch. Cng ngh mi ny s to ra nhng iu mi m trong t duy ca cc nh qun l CNTT v ti nguyn my tnh. Khi vic qun l cc my n tr nn d dng hn, v o ha l mt nn tng cn thit trong cng ngh Cloud Computing (in ton my) ang ngy cng pht trin. T kha: my o (Virtual Machine), Hyper-V, Hypervisor. 1. Gii thiu o ha khng phi l ti mi m, c cng ty IBM pht trin t rt lu vo khon nm 1960, o ha y chng ta hiu khng phi l gi lp (m phng) nh nhng phn mm GSN3, Packet Tracert.... o ho c ng dng trong lnh vc my tnh c pht trin mnh bi cc hng phn mm: VMWare, Citrix, Microsoft, Trong , Microsoft tham gia th phn o ho vi sn phm u tin Virtual PC c p dng trong vic o ho my tnh c nhn c th chy c nhiu h iu hnh (HH) trn mt my tnh. Sau pht trin thnh cc sn phm Windows Virtual Server. Hyper-V l cng ngh o ho server th h mi ca Microsoft v l thnh phn quan trng ca MS Windows Server 2008 x64. Microsoft l mt hng ni ting th gii v HH server v client. Microsoft hiu rng cng vic o ho my ch ti u ho hiu sut s dng my ch v h tng mng l cng vic quan trng. T nm 2004 Microsoft a ra Microsoft Virtual PC cho dng my tnh ngi dng v Microsoft Virtual Server cho cc dng Server, v pht trin thnh cc phin bn Virtual PC 2007 SP1 v Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 c h tr n nm 2014.

Hyper-V chnh l cng ngh o ha th h k tip da trn Hypervisor, trong Hyper-V khai thc phn cng server 64-bit th h mi (Hyper-V ch chy trn nn HH server 64-bit v CPU c h tr 64-bit c tnh nng o ho) v c nhiu ci tin quan trng c tch hp vi cc cng c qun l server quen thuc trn Windows. Cc DN c th khai thc c ti u hiu sut ca h tng server x64. Hyper-V cung cp mt nn tng o ha mnh v linh hot, c th p ng nhu cu o ha mi cp cho mi trng DN. Vi kin trc hot ng mi, Hyper-V gip xy dng h thng Server bo mt v khai thc ti u hiu sut ca Server trong ton h thng mng.

Hnh 1: H tr o ha ca cc phin bn Windows Server 2008. 2. Cc kiu o ho o ho l lnh vc ln, c tp hp nhiu cng ngh tin tin. Trong h thng mng ca DN, nhiu thnh phn h thng c quan h vi nhau: cc server cung cp dch v, h thng client bao gm my tnh c nhn, laptop, smartphone, PDA, cc HH khc nhau nh l Windows, MacOS, Linux., cc thit b lu tr,. T s phc tp ca nhiu loi ti nguyn trong h thng mng, Microsoft a ra cc cng ngh o ho khc nhau phc v cho nhu cu ca DN nh: o ha Server, o ha Desktop, o ha ng dng, o ha Trnh din v o ha lu tr.

Hnh 2: Cc kiu o ho ca Microsoft. Hyper-V l thnh phn trong chin lc o ha datacenter n desktop ca Microsoft, cc tnh nng o ha server ca Hyper-V c th gip ch khng ch cho server qui m cng ty vi hng trm hay hng ngn my trm, m cn c server trong cc vn phng nh. Hyper-V cho php to ra cc my o vi dung lng b nh ln v s dng c CPU a nhn o, c cc gii php lu tr ng, v th h mng mi tc cao. Mt khc, DN c th hp nht cc server ca chi nhnh nh nh cc tnh nng ca Hyper-V v System Center, nh gim st v qun l tp trung, sao lu t ng v cc cng c qun l khc. iu ny cho php cc vn phng chi nhnh hot ng m khng cn c b phn IT ti ch.

Hnh 3: M hnh o ha Hyper-V v tnh nng System Center.

System Center c th tng tnh linh hot ca h thng bng cch chuyn cc server vt l thnh cc server trn my o. V d, tnh nng chuyn i vt l sang o ca System Center Virtual Machine Manager cho php ngi qun tr chun ha nn tng phn cng server v chuyn mt s ng dng nghip v sang my o vi thi gian gin on ti thiu. Vi cc cng c gim st ca System Center, qu trnh ny c th thc hin t ng theo cch thc do ngi qun tr quyt nh. ng thi 2 tnh nng Live Migration, Cluster Shared Volumes ca Hyper-V gip ngi qun tr c th xy dng h thng o ha mang tnh chu li cao (Failover Clustering) gip h thng my ch o hot ng 24/7 v thi gian h thng ngng hot ng (down) l thp nht. 3. Kin trc Hyper-V Hyper-V gm 3 thnh phn chnh: hypervisor, ngn xp o ha (Virtual Stack), m hnh nhp xut (I/O) o ha. Hypervisor l mt on code rt nh c tch hp trn CPU ca cc hng Intel/AMD, c vai tr to ra cc phn vng (partition) m my ch o s chy trn .

Hnh 4: S kin trc ca Hyper-V My o khng c quyn truy cp n b x l vt l, m ch nhn thy b x l c hypervisor cp cho. My o cng ch s dng c thit b o, mi yu cu n thit b o s c chuyn qua VMBus n thit b partition cha. Thng tin hi p cng c chuyn qua VMBus. Nu thit b partition cha cng l thit b o, n s c chuyn tip cho n khi gp thit b thc partition gc. Ton b

tin trnh trong sut i vi HH khch (y l vn mu cht lm cho Hyper-V t hiu sut cao hn). Hyper-V c tch hp sn trong HH Windows Server 2008 x64, v hypervisor mc trc tip n cc lung x l ca BXL (nu ci t HH cho my tht di dng full c ha hay dng core th n cng khng nh hng), nh vy vic vn hnh my o hiu qu hn so vi kin trc o ho trc y. 4. Li ch ca o ho vi Hyper-V 4.1. tin cy Hyper-V cung cp tin cy tt hn v kh nng m rng ln hn m cho php o ha c s h tng, c kin trc o nhn siu nh mng vi b mt ti thiu. Hypervisor khng ph thuc vo bt k trnh iu khin thit b no ca hng th ba. Hyper-V cng c sn trn Server Core . 4.2. Hp nht my ch o ha cho php kh nng s dng, qun l cc ti nguyn cc ng dng hiu qu trn mt my ch. Cc my ch o ha c kh nng lm cng vic ca mnh vi s linh hot cao, tn dng kh nng phn cng ti a, m khng c xung t vi cc my ch o ha khc. Hyper-V kim sot cht ch cc ngun ti nguyn phn cng c sn cho mi my o. V d: my o c c lp hoc tip xc rt gii hn vi my o khc trn mng hoc trn cng mt my ch. 4.3. Bo mt Bo mt, an ton thng tin l mt thch thc chnh trong mi gii php my ch. Cc my ch o ha t tip xc vi cc chc nng my ch khc trn cng mt h thng chnh. V d: khi trin khai nhiu chc nng my ch trn mt my tnh, mi my ch o ha m nhn mt chc nng, khi nu mt my ch o ha b mt quyn kim sot, th vn m bo k tn cng kh c th th tip xc vi cc my o ha khc trn cng mt my ch vt l. o ha cung cp mt c hi tng cng an ninh cho tt c cc nn tng my ch. Cc tnh nng Hyper-V s dng tng cng an ninh bao gm: S dng my ch o ha tn dng cc tnh nng, nng cao mc bo mt phn cng; m bo tip xc chia s ca cc my ch o ha vi nhau mt cch linh hot; An ninh mng vi tnh nng cho php t ng Network Address Translation (NAT), tng la, v Chnh sch bo v truy cp mng; Gim b mt tn cng thng qua mt kin trc gn nh. 4.4. Hiu sut Hyper-V c th o ha khi lng cng vic i hi nhiu hn cc gii php o ha trc y v cung cp kh nng pht trin trong h thng. Bao gm:

 Tc ci tin thng qua kin trc o ha ct li hypervisor; H tr a lung tng n bn b vi x l trn my ch o ha; Tng cng h tr 64-bit, cho php my ch o ha chy cc HH bit-64 v truy cp s lng ln b nh (64 GB/VM), cho php x l khi lng cng vic chuyn su cao hn; Kin trc hypervisor cho php chia ct ra cc lp thc thi v cc trnh iu khin, lm vic cht ch hn vi o ha kin trc phn cng; Nng cao hiu sut phn cng, chia s, ti u ho truyn d liu gia cc phn cng vt l v my o. 5. Trin khai cng ngh o ho vi Microsoft Hyper-V 5.1. Ci t Hyper-V ci t Hyper-V c nhiu cch: Trc tip h iu hnh ch c Hyper-V; T ca s Configuration Tasks khi khi ng Windows; Cng c Server Manager MMC Snap-in (trong bi vit ny thc hin ci t bng cng c Server Manager MMC Snap-in). Yu cu cu hnh my ch vt l: CPU phi h tr cng ngh x64 v cng ngh o ha VTx, bo v thc thi d liu phi c enable trong mainboard (vo BIOS mainboard enable); Ci t HH: MS Windows Server 2008 x64 R2 Enterprise/Datacenter Edition; Tin hnh ci t: Ci t Server Roles -> Hyper-V Start/ Server Manageer/ Add Roles -> Hyper-V nh hnh di

Hnh 5: Mn hnh ci t Server Roles -> Hyper-V.

 To Virtual Networks Trn trang Create Virtual Networks bn di, c th to ra nhiu mng o trn my ch o ha cung cp nhiu knh truyn thng. V d: c th to ra cc mng cung cp nhng iu sau y: o Card mng ch c s dng giao tip gia cc my o m thi; o Card mng s dng giao tip gia my ch o ha vi cc my o; o Giao tip gia mt my o v mng vt l bng cch to ra mt lin kt n mt adapter mng vt l trn my ch o ha. Chn mt Network Adapter gn vi cc my o (c th lm c iu ny bng cch s dng Virtual Network Manager) v nhn Install bt u ci t.

Hnh 6: To Virtual Networks. Restart li Server hon tt qu trnh ci t. 5.2. To my ch o vi Hyper-V Cc bc thc hin: 1) To my ch o: Administrative Tools -> Hyper-V Manager -> Virtual Machine Wizard

Hnh 7: Hyper-V Manager. 2) Specify Name and Location: Nhp tn my o v chn ng dn lu tr my o

Hnh 8: Specify Name and Location. 3) Assign Memory: Cu hnh cp dung lng RAM cho my o

Hnh 9: Assign Memory. 4) Configure Networking: Cu hnh kt ni mng cho my o (c th cu hnh sau)

Hnh 10: Configure Networking. 5) Connect Virtual Hard Disk: Chn dung lng a cho my o

Hnh 11: Connect Virtual Hard Disk. 6) Installation Options: Chn ngun ci t h iu hnh cho my o (file ISO hay CD/DVD ROM).

Hnh 12: Installation Options. 7) Hyper-V tin hnh ci t h iu hnh cho my o.

Hnh 13: Bt u ci t h iu hnh cho my o. Trong qu trnh ci t h iu hnh, cc bc thc hin v cc ty chn nh thc hin ci t trn my tht. 5.3. Qun l my o vi Hyper-V Manager 1) M cng c Hyper-V Manager: Start Administrative Tools chn Hyper-V Manager.

Hnh 14: M ca trnh qun l Hyper-V Manager 2) Giao din qun l: a. Panel tri cha cc my ch ci t Hyper-V. b. Panel gia cha cc my o c to trong Hyper-V c. Panel phi trn cha cc tc v cu hnh chung cho Hyper-V. Panel phi bn di cha cc thao tc cu hnh i vi my ch o ang c chn.

Panel Gia

Panel Tri

Panel Phi Trn

Panel Phi Di

Hnh15: Console ca Hyper-V Manager 3) Kt ni vo my o ang c:click phi vo my o chn Connects xut hin ca s my o nh hnh di.

Hnh 16: Kt ni n my o trn Hyper-V Manager 4) Thanh tc v trn trnh qun l my o gm: thanh menu v cc button tc v: Ctrl + Alt + Del, Power on/off, Pause, Snapshort, Revert

Hnh 17: Ca s qun l my o. 5) Cu hnh tinh chnh cho my o: vo Menu chn File Setting (Ctrl +O)xut hin ca s bn di Setting for dc1.

Hnh 18: Mn hnh cu hnh cho my o. 6) Cu hnh Bios: Cho php m phm Numclock v boot t thit b IDE.

Hnh 19: Cu hnh BIOS cho my o. 7) Cu hnh RAM (Memory): cu hnh Dynamic cho php my ch o s dng linh hot dung lng RAM.

Hnh 20: Cu hnh RAM cho my o. 8) Cu hnh CPU: cu hnh s lng Processor logical cho my ch o.

Hnh 21: Cu hnh CPU cho my o.

9) Cu hnh card mng: gn card mng ca my o vo Swith tng ng.

Hnh 22: Cu hnh Network cho my o. 10) Gn Switch o: trn ca s bn phi chn vo Virtual Network Manager

Hnh 23: Virtual Network Manager 11) Trn panel bn tri chn vo card mng ca my ch o v Connection type chn vo External cho php my o giao tip vi h thng mng tht. Sau ng ca s cu hnh my o li.

Hnh 14: Cu hnh giao tip cho my o trn mng.

12) Gim st my o ang hot ng: xem trng thi, dung lng CPU, dung lng RAM nh hnh di.

Hnh 25: Gim st hot ng ca my o. 13) Snapshot: chp li trng thi my o ang chy d phng khi phc li my o nu nh b li.

Hnh 26: Chp hnh my o 14) Revert: tr li trng thi trc khi cu hnh ca my o c snapshot trc kia.

Hnh 27: Phc hi li my o lc snapshot. Trong ca s qun l Hyper-V Manager cn nhiu chc nng khc phc v cho vic qun l my o, ngi qun tr c th tham kho thm. Kt lun Vi gii php o ha ca Hyper-V s l mt bc thay i mi trong h thng mng ca DN, gim ng k s lng server u t m khng s dng ht hiu sut ca server. Hypervisor l mt lp m rt nh (di 1MB) c tch hp trong cc CPU ca Intel/AMD s gip cho cc my ch o khai thc c phn cng my ch tht 64bit mt cch tt nht v t li nht, trnh b virus nh cc phn mm o ha bnh thng. ng thi ngi qun tr c th qun l d dng hng trm my ch o bng cng c SCVMM 2010 v n l nn tng ca cng ngh Cloud computing ang pht trin. Mt phn ca o ha ng gp vo Cloud Computing l c s h tng.