Choke Valves

Introducing Weir Power & Industrial

Weir Power & Industrial provides critical service and safety valves, specialist pumps and service support to flow control and rotating equipment. Our world-wide reputation is based on engineering excellence applied to a comprehensive range of specialist products and effective customer support. We have the capability to deliver complete valve solutions for major projects in the power generation, oil and gas exploration and general industrial sectors. Our global network of service operations specialise in the maintenance, upgrade and management of power and industrial assets at customer sites.
Quality assurance Weir Power & Industrial operates quality programmes to cover the full scope of their activities. Comprehensive quality systems have been developed to serve the power, oil and gas and industrial markets which they serve. The company holds approvals to: ASME Section III N, NPT BS EN ISO 9001:2000 API Q1 TO API LICENCES API 6D (6D-0182) AND API 6A (6A-0445) Material testing service available Non-destructive examination by radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle and liquid penetrant. Chemical analysis by computer controlled direct reading emission spectrometer. Mechanical testing for tensile properties at ambient and elevated temperatures, bend and hardness testing. Charpy testing at ambient, elevated and sub-zero temperatures.

6A-0445 6D-0182

The Quality systems have been approved for the supply of products to meet the requirements of the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) and compliance modules A,D1,H,B&D have been applied in categories I through IV respectively. The company is committed to compliance with legislation and has an established environment and health and safety policy.

Further technical information can be obtained from our Web site: http://www.weirpowerindustrial.com

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Weir Power & Industrial UK purpose built factory at Elland.

BLAKEBOROUGH
The Control Valve business unit have designed and manufactured valves for in excess of 50 years. Their control valve product range offers an extensive choice in terms of size, pressure class, body/trim materials, and includes top, top & bottom guided and cage guided valves. In addition they also supply a wide range of desuperheating equipment to satisfy power and steam conditioning applications.

Contents
ASME B16.34
Above: Manufacturing facilities at Elland. Left: Valve testing.

4 5 6 7-8 9

API 6A High duty/subsea Application Selection guidelines Dimensions

Valve testing facilities All pressure containing items are hydrostatically tested, seat leakage tested and functionally tested. In addition, gas, packing emission, cryogenic and advanced functional testing can be arranged.
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ASME B16.34 CHOKE VALVE

Blakeborough Controls

Description The body/bonnet seal is a high integrity metallic C seal. The seal loading is obtained from high duty bolting designed to ASME VIII during installation and is pressure energised by the process fluid. The trim design is cage guided with either solid or balanced plug design. The cage and seat are clamped into the body to give easy access and easy removal. The cage can house from 1 to 3 pressure reducing sleeves. The packing system incorporates a scrapper ring to prevent the ingress of sand to the stem seal. The stem seal is specially designed low emission packing incorporating 3 self/pressure energised U seals. As a minimum seat faces are stellited however, for high service chokes the plug and seat will normally be manufactured from tungsten carbide or advanced ceramic. On single phase clean services the seat/plug faces are tapered. On multi-phase duties and contaminated services a shrouded seat design is used to protect the seat faces from the erosive flow. This design directs the flow impingement away from the valve plug seating face, and the increased deadband and direction of flow protects the valve. Features Designed to ASME B16.34 Cast body - Carbon steel, Stainless Steel & Duplex st. st. High integrity body/bonnet bolting system Seat retained by cage for ease of maintenance Large range of single stage and multi-stage trim designs Pressure Rating ANSI 900 - ANSI 4500 Sizes 2 - 8 End Connections Flanged RF RTJ Hubbed Actuation (Linear) Manual Pneumatic (Diaphragm/Piston) Electric Electro/Hydraulic Actuation (Stepping) Pneumatic Hydraulic
Stem packing system

The standard ASME B16.34 range of choke valves

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API 6 A HIGH DUTY / SUBSEA CHOKE VALVE

Description The body/bonnet seal is a clamped connection with a hub style seal ring. Sealing integrity is enhanced by applying an inconel overlay to the body and bonnet sealing areas on carbon steel valves. The trim arrangement is a cage guided design available in both solid and balanced configuration. On sub-sea designs the trim is attached to the bonnet forming a cartridge, simplifying retrieval for maintenance. The packing system incorporates a series of stem scrapper rings to prevent the ingress of sand to the stem seal. The stem seal is specially designed low emission packing incorporating 3 self/pressure energised U seals. As a minimum seat faces are stellited, however, for high service chokes the plug and seat will normally be manufactured from tungsten carbide or advanced ceramic. On single phase clean services the seat/plug faces are tapered. On multi-phase duties and contaminated services a shrouded seat design is used to protect the seat faces from the erosive flow, see protected seating detail opposite. This design directs the flow impingement away from the valve plug seating face, and the increased deadband and direction of flow protects the valve. Features Designed to API 6A Forged or Cast body - Carbon steel, Stainless Steel & Duplex st. st. High integrity clamped body/bonnet connection Cartridge trim on sub-sea designs for ease of retrieval Extensive range of trim options Pressure Rating API 3000 - 10000 Sizes 2116 - 7116 End Connections Flanged RTJ Hubbed
Cartridge trim arrangement

Actuation (Topside) Manual Pneumatic Electric Electro/Hydraulic Actuation (Subsea) Manual Hydraulic (Stepping)

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CHOKE VALVE APPLICATION

Blakeborough Controls

Choke valves are required to handle some of the most severe operating conditions:- pressure drops of up to 500 bar, with erosive fluid mixtures of hydrocarbon liquids, hydrocarbon gases, sea water and sand. The problems associated with this application are flow erosion to the valve body, valve trim and the downstream pipework, vibration and noise. The range of products used on this application range from the bean type choke with a fixed area, to needle and seat designs which are high recovery and multistage trims. Consider a fluid passing through a simple orifice (bean) choke. Under high pressure drop conditions the fluid pressure drops rapidly below its vapour pressure thereby producing vapour bubbles. As the fluid recovers downstream of the orifice either cavitation or flashing can occur depending on whether the downstream pressure is higher or lower than the fluid vapour pressure. If the pressure is lower than the vapour pressure, flashing occurs, and this can cause erosion damage in the downstream pipework. If the downstream pressure is higher than the vapour pressure then as the pressure recovers vapour bubbles formed during the throttling process are no longer in equilibrium and will collapse (or implode) resulting in very high forces being generated. This energy release can result in significant erosion damage, and extensive noise and vibration problems. On high recovery designs and on severe applications whole sections of metal can be eroded away, affecting the pressure integrity of the valve body and downstream pipework. On gas flows high uncontrolled velocities can result in shock waves/turbulence interaction leading to high noise levels and vibration problems.

Flashing damage

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CHOKE VALVE SELECTION

Table 1 - Liquid velocity limits

Body Size ins. 2-8 mm 50 - 200 Max. recommended liquid phase velocity Low alloy High alloy ft/s m/s ft/s m/s 52.5 16 58 18

Choke Valve Selection Guidelines When specifying choke valves it is critical that the correct size, trim design and materials are selected to ensure a satisfactory life and operation of the valve. Our philosophy is to control the energy dissipation within the valve and not to pass the problem on to the downstream pipework. In the selection process the following considerations/ calculations are made and recommended limits on velocity and pressure drop for trim material followed. Cavitation Index

Table 2 - Gas/vapour velocity limits

Body Size ins. 2-8 mm 50 - 200 Max. recommended gas phase velocity Inlet Outlet ft/s m/s ft/s m/s 490 150 0.65 x Sonic 0.65 x Sonic

Table 3 - Pressure drop limitation (liquids)

Material 316 st. st. 17-4 st. st. NACE 17-4 st. st. 316 st. st. + Stellite Tungsten Carbide Advanced ceramics Stage Pressure Drop Psi 218 435 725 725 2175 2175 Bar 15 30 50 50 150 150

Used on liquid service applications to indicate potential for cavitation. A positive value indicates cavitation. It is normally recommended to eliminate cavitation, however, for intermittent use a low level, <0.5 bar, would be acceptable. Inlet Velocity & Outlet Velocity These velocities are limited as per the tables. The reason for limiting to these values are to minimise valve body erosion and to minimise the potential for instability and vibration. On gas/vapour flows the outlet Mach Number is further limited depending on acceptable noise level. For noise levels less than 85 dBA the outlet Mach Number should be limited to <0.3, for noise levels 85 dBA - 95 dBA the outlet Mach Number should be limited to 0.5. Sound Pressure Level Noise predictions are carried out in order to ensure noise limits are not exceeded and the energy conversion is dissipated over the correct number of stages of let-down. Pressure drop limitations The above limits are used for liquid service applications to minimise erosion rates. As a general rule on clean gas/vapour service the stage pressure drops can be doubled.

Note These limits will be affected by fluid phase and the presence of contamination. The figures assume that cavitation has been eliminated.

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CHOKE VALVE SELECTION

Blakeborough Controls

Table 4 - Design Cv values

Body Size (ins) 1 2
1

Trim Size (ins) 1 2 112 112 212 212 312 312 412 412 512
1

Metallic Trim MF 12 38 38 70 70 150 150 230 230 360 MFP 9 35 35 65 65 138 138 200 200 350 CS2 8 24 24 40 40 72 72 96 96 144 CS3 7 12 12 10 10 36 36 48 48 72 PMF 35 35 65 65 138 138 200 200 350 MF 9 38 38 65 65 140 140 220 220 340 MFP 7 35 35 61 61 130 130 188 188 327

Carbide Trim CS2 8 24 24 40 40 72 72 96 96 144 CS3 7 12 12 10 10 36 36 48 48 72 PMF 35 35 65 65 138 138 200 200 350

212 312 412 512

Table 5 - End connection sizes

Body Size (ins) API (ins) 3000 - 10000 112 212 312 412 512 2116 318 4116 518 7116 900 2 3 4&6 6&8 6&8 Available End Connections ANSI (ins) 1500 2 3 4&6 6&8 6&8 2500 2 3&4 4&6 6&8 8 4500 3 4 6 8 8

Table 6 - Materials of Construction

Service Standard Sour Corrosive sour Body Carbon St. WCB or AISI 4130 Carbon St. WCB or AISI 4130 (Nace) Carbon St. WCB or AISI 4130 + inconel in seal area ASTM A182 F316 Carbon St. WCB or AISI 4130 Carbon St. WCB or AISI 4130 Carbon St. WCB or AISI 4130 + inconel, Duplex St.St. Super Duplex St.St Carbon St. WCB or AISI 4130 Carbon St. WCB or AISI 4130 + inconel in seal area St. St. CF8M or Duplex St. St. Trim 316 & stellite Gr. 6 316 & stellite Gr. 6 (NACE) 316 & stellite Gr. 6 (NACE)

High duty production High duty production with contaminates High duty production with contaminates, sour Water Injection Water Injection - high duty

17-4 PH & tungsten carbide 17-4 PH & tungsten carbide with protected seat design Duplex st.st./super duplex st.st. & tungsten carbide with protected seat design 316 & stellite Gr. 6 316 & stellite Gr. 6 (NACE) & tungsten carbide/advanced ceramics

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DIMENSIONS

Table 7 - ANSI Outline dimensions

Nominal End Connection (ins) 2 3 4 6 8 End Connections Rating ANSI 1500 F M 718 8916 91116 131516 14916 7 7716 9715 1414 16

ANSI 900 F M 7116 8316 9516 1214 14916 7 778 9116 15 1514

ANSI 2500 F M 878 1034 131316 1834 CF 7 11 1314 1558 CF

Table 8 - API Outline dimensions

Nominal End Connection (ins) 2116 318 4116 518 7116 End Connections Rating API 5000 F M 938 1058 12716 1438 1714 8 978 13 1478 1714

API 3000 F M 918 1018 12116 1418 17116 8 978 13 1478 1714

API 10000 M 1018 1214 1378 1518 CF

1078 1138 1378 1818 CF

For dimensions of ANSI 4500 Choke valves consult factory

CF = consult factory

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APPLICATIONS

Blakeborough Controls

50mm API 5000 Subsea Choke supplied to Mazagon Dock for an Injection Water application.

29 Choke valves supplied to Kalanaft 150mm ANSI 900. Carbon Steel WCB body. 17-4 PH St. St. Trim with Tungsten Carbide coating. Used on an Oil/Gas application with a 1130 psi (78 bar) pressure drop.

4 Choke valves for BP Colombia with electro hydraulic actuators 71/16 API 10000. Duplex St. St. (UNS 31803) body. 17-4 PH solid Tungsten Carbide, 4-stage Trim. Used on a Produced Water application with a 4300 psi (297 bar) pressure drop.

8 Choke valves for Hyundai Heavy Industries, Korea 100mm ANSI 900 St. St. CF3m, with 17-4 PH St. St. Trim with Tungsten Carbide coating. Used on a Natural Gas application.

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CHOKE VALVES

Product Portfolio The following list identifies the product range for Blakeborough Controls business unit. For further information please contact our factory. Globe & Angle Control valves Severe service valves Desuperheaters Choke valves

Examples of Choke Valves Supplied by Blakeborough

Project Name & Name & Location of Client Caythorpe Kelt V.K. Ltd Transmark / Maersk Tyne & Trent, ARCO 80 mm 80 mm 25 mm (h) 25 mm (h) 40 mm (h) ETAP, BP Aberdeen (*) 80 mm 80 mm 50 mm 100 mm 80 mm (h) 200 mm (h) 80 mm Marathon Brae Panaqua ONGC - India KOC - Kuwait CRMP 1 - India Mazagon Dock Gupco - Egypt Lakshimi - Hyundai Kala Naft - Iran Lasmo Oil - Pakistan Lasmo Oil - Pakistan BP Columbia Shell Na Kika - LTS 150 mm 100 mm 150 mm 100 mm 150 mm 7.1/16 50 mm ANSI 900 ANSI 900 ANSI 900 ANSI 900 ANSI 900 API 10000 API 10000 2 8 29 2 6 4 2 Natural Gas Oil/Gas Natural Gas/Liquid Natural Gas/Liquid Produced Water Natural Gas 80 mm 150 mm 50 mm ANSI 900 API 5000 API 5000 32 16 2 Produced Water Produced Water Injection Water (sub sea) 155 bar 8 bar 78 bar 39 bar 21 bar 297 bar 358 bar WCB/Stellite CF3M/17-4 PH + T.C. Coat. WCB/17-4 PH + T. C Coat. CF8M/410 + T. C. Coating CF8M/410 + T. Coating Duplex/17-4PH + Tung.Carbide 660 St. St./316 + T. C. Coating 103 bar 60 bar 40 bar WCB/Tungsten Carbide 316 L/Stellite AISI 4130 Tungsten Carbide 25 mm ANSI 1500 ANSI 2500 ANSI 1500 ANSI 1500 ANSI 1500 ANSI 2500 ANSI 2500 API 10000 API 10000 ANSI 1500 ANSI 1500 ANSI 2500 API 10000 1 1 3 2 5 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 Gas/Condensate/Sand Raw Gas (sour) Produced Water H.C. Condensate Water Produced Water Deaerated Seawater Well Stream Fluids Well Stream Fluids Produced Water Hydrocarbon/Liquid/Sand Produced Water Methanol 234 bar 245 bar 118 bar 111.4 bar 101.2 bar 354 bar 399 bar 503 bar 531 bar 35 bar 53 bar 350 bar 680 bar A105, 17-4 / ceramic Tungsten Carbide UNS S31803/Ceramic UNS S31803/Ceramic UNS S31803/Ceramic Gr F 60/Ceramic Gr F 60/Ceramic GrF51/Ceramic Inconel/Ceramic Duplex Duplex/Tungsten Carbide F60/Ceramic 316 L + Ceramic Valve Size Rating Qty Line fluid Pressure drop Body/Trim material

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WEIR POWER & INDUSTRIAL CATALOGUES

Blakeborough Controls

Atwood & Morrill

Engineered Valve Products & Solutions

Batley Valve
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Blakeborough
Choke Valves

Blakeborough
Process Control Valves

Blakeborough
X-Stream Control Valves

Hopkinsons
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Hopkinsons
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Sarasin-RSBD
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Sarasin-RSBD
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Sarasin-RSBD
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Sarasin-RSBD
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Sarasin-RSBD
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Sarasin-RSBD
Tank Blanketing System Starblanketer - 77 Series

Sarasin-RSBD
Technical Information

Sarasin-RSBD
Pressure Safety Valves & Safety Devices

Sarasin-RSBD Hopkinsons
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WEIR POWER & INDUSTRIAL CATALOGUES

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NOTES

Blakeborough Controls

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NOTES

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