http://ebook.here.

vn Th vin sch min ph

Bin son: GV Phan Ph Quc T vt l Trng THPT Phan Chu Trinh- Phone: 0906306896
MT S BI TON V HM S.
Bi 1/ Cho hm s
1
2
1 2

+ =
x
m
x y .
a. Tm m hm s c cc i, cc tiu ;
b. . Tm qu tch cc im cc i.
HDGii: a/ Hm s c cc tr khi m > 0 .
b/ Ta c:
D
2
1 1 2 1 2 1 2(1 ) 4 3
C CD CD CD CD CD
m
x m y x x x x
m
= < = + = =

. Vy qu tch cc
im cc i
l phn ng thng y = 4x 3 ng vi x < 1.
Bi 2/ Cho hm s:
1
1
2
+

=
x
x x
y (C)
a. Tm m (D
m
): 1 = mx y ct (C) ti hai im phn bit m c hai im thuc cng mt
nhnh.
b. Tm qu tch trung im I ca MN.
HDGii: a/ Phng trnh: ( )
2
1
1 1 0
1
x x
mx m x m x
x

= + + = (

+
c mt nghim x = 0 nn hai
giao im cng mt nhnh th: /( 1) 1 1/( 1) 0 1 m m m m + > + > > .
b/ Ta c:
2 2
/ 2( 1) 1/ 2 /(2 1) 1 /(2 1) 1 ( 2 1) /(2 1)
I I I I I I I I I I
x m m m x x y mx x x x x x = + > = + = = + = + + +
.
Vy qu tch trung im I ca MN l nhnh bn phi ca ths
2
2 1
2 1
x x
y
x

=
+
.
Bi 3/ Cho hm s: ( )
m
C m x m x x y + + =
2 2 3
3 .
Tm m hm s c cc i, cc tiu i xng nhau qua ng thng (D) c phng trnh
2
5
2
1
= x y .
HDGii: Ta c:
2 2
' 3 6 y x x m = + . hs c cc tr th
2
' 9 3 0 3 3 m m = > < < . Gi I l
trung im ca on thng ni hai im cc tr th 1
I
x = . Do pt ca t i qua hai im cc tr l
2
2 2
2
( 3) 2
3 3
I
m
y m x m y m m = + + = + . cc im cc tr ca ths x nhau qua (D) th:
2
2
1 2
. ( 3) 1 0
0 2 3
0; 1
2 1.1/ 2 5/ 2
m m
m
m
m m

= =
=

=

+ =

.
Bi 4/ Cho hm s
1
8
2

+ +
=
x
m mx x
y . Tm m hm s c cc i, cc tiu nm v hai pha
ng thng 0 1 7 9 = y x .
HDGii: t F(x,y)= 9x-7y-1. Hm s c hai im cc tr l: A( -2; m 4 ) v B( 4; m + 8 ). hai
im cc tr ny nm v hai pha ca t trn th: F(A).F(B)<0 ( - 7m 21 )( 9 7m ) < 0
3 9/ 7 m < < .
Bi 5/ Cho hm s x x y 3
3
= (1)
http://ebook.here.vn Th vin sch min ph
Bin son: GV Phan Ph Quc T vt l Trng THPT Phan Chu Trinh- Phone: 0906306896
a) Chng minh rng khi m thay i, ng thng (D): ( ) 2 1 + + = x m y lun ct th (1) ti mt
im A c nh.
b) Tm m ng thng ct (1) ti 3 im A, B, C khc nhau sao cho tip tuyn ti B v C vung
gc vi nhau.
HDGii: a/ Xt pt:
3 2
3 ( 1) 2 ( 1)( 2 ) 0 x x m x x x x m = + + + = . Nh vy khi m thay i th
(D) lun ct ths(1) ti im A( - 1; 2 ) c nh.
b/ (D) ct ths(1) ti 3 im phn bit th pt
2
2 0 x x m = (*) phi c hai nghim phn bit
khc 1; do m > - 9/4 v 0 m . Khi ,
B C
x x l honh ca B,C v l nghim ca (*) . Ta c:
1& 2
B C B C
x x x x m + = = .
tip tuyn ti B v C vung gc vi nhau th
2 2 2 2 2 2
'( ). '( ) 9( 1)( 1) 9 ( ) ( ) 2 1 9 ( 2) 1 2( 2) 1 9( 2 ) 1
B C B C B C B C B C
y x y x x x x x x x x x m m m m ( ( = = + + + = + + + = + =

1 2 2 / 3 m = (tha mn k). chnh l nhng gt ca m cn tm.
Bi 6/ Cho hm s
x
x x
y
2 3
2
+
= (C) tm trn ng thng x =1. Nhng im M sao cho t M k
c hai tip tuyn ti (C) m hai tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau.
HDGii: Gi s M(1;b) v pt ca t (D) i qua M l: y = k(x 1) + b. (D) l tip tuyn ca (C) th
pt sau phi c nghim kp:
2
2
3 2
( 1) ( 1) ( 3 ) 2 0
x x
k x b k x b k x
x
+
= + + + = ( v pt khng c
nghim vi x = 0 )
( )
2
2 2
1& 3 8( 1) 2( 1) ( 3) 8 0(*). 1 2 k k b k k b k b k b = + + = + + = (

. qua M c
th k c hai tip tuyn ti (C) vung gc vi nhau th pt (*) phi c hai nghim c tch bng -1
2
( 3) 8 1 3 7 b b + = = (TMK). Vy trn t x = 1 c 2 im TMYCBT l (1; 3 7) M .

Bi 7/ Cho hm s: ( ) C x x y 1
2 4
+ =
Tm nhng im thuc Oy m t c th k c ba tip tuyn ti (C).
HDGii: Gi (0; ) M b Oy v ptt (D) qua M l y = kx + b. (D) l tt ca (C) th hpt sau phi c
nghim:








Bi 8/ Cho hm s:
m x
mx x
y

+
=
8
2

a. Tm m hm s c cc tr. Khi hy vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im cc i,
cc tiu.
b. Xc nh m th ct trc honh ti hai im phn bit v tip tuyn ti hai im
vung gc vi nhau.
HDGii: a/ Ta c:
2 2 2
' ( 2 8) /( ) y x mx m x m = + . hs c cc tr th pt y = 0 phi c hai nghim
phn bit khc m
x
1/ 6 0 1/ 6 +
f(x) + 0 - 0 + 0 -

f(x)


1
4 2 3 4 2 3 2
1 & 4 2 3 1 ( ); '( ) 12 2 2 (6 1) x x kx b k x x b x x f x f x x x x x + = + = = + + = = + =
http://ebook.here.vn Th vin sch min ph
Bin son: GV Phan Ph Quc T vt l Trng THPT Phan Chu Trinh- Phone: 0906306896
2
' 2 8 0 2 m m = > > (v khi pt y = 0 s c hai nghim phn bit khc m ). Hai nghim ca
pt y = 0 l
, ; 2 , 2
CD CT CD CD CT CT
x x y x m y x m = + = + . Vy pt ca t i qua im C v im CT l y = 2x + m.
b/ Vi 2 m th ths lun ct trc honh ti hai im phn bit ( v ac = - 8 < 0 ). Gi honh ca
hai giao im ny l
1 2 1 2 1 2
, ; 8 x x x x m x x + = = . tt vi ths ti hai giao im vung gc vi
nhau th:
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2
8 2 8 2 (8 2 )(5 16) (8 2 ) 5 16
'( ) '( ) 1 1 1 2 1 2 10
( ) ( ) (2 8) (2 8) 2 8
m m m m m m
y x y x m
x m x m m m m
( ( + +
= + + = + + = = =
( (


Bi 9/ Cho hm s
3 2
3 4 y x x = + (C)
Tm trn trc honh nhng im m t k c ba tip tuyn ti th ca hm s (C).
HDGii: Gi ( ; 0) M a Ox ; t (D) i qua M c pt l: y = k(x - a). (D) l tt ca (C) th hpt sau phi
c nghim:
3 2 2
3 4 ( ) & 3 6 x x k x a k x x + = = + . qua M c th k c 3 tt ti (C) th pt sau phi c 3
nghim phn bit
3 2
( ) 2 3( 1) 6 4 0 f x x a x ax = + + = . Do
2
'( ) 6 6( 1) 6 0 f x x a x a = + + = khi x = 1 v x = a nn pt
f(x) = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit th:
2
. ( 2) ( 1)(3 5) 0 ( ; 1) (5/ 3; 2) (2; )
CD CT
f f a a a a = + < + .
Bi10/ Cho hm s:
1
1

+
=
x
x
y
a/ Chng minh rng mi tip tuyn ca ths u to vi hai ng tim cn mt on thng m tip
im l trung
im ca n.
b/ Chng minh rng mi tip tuyn ca th u lp vi hai ng tim cn mt tam gic c din
tch khng i.
c/ Tm tt c cc im thuc th hm s sao cho tip tuyn ti lp vi hai ng tim cn mt
tam gic c chu vi nh nht.
HDGii: a/Do
2
2
'
( 1)
y
x

nn pttt vi ths ti im
1
;
1
a
M a
a
+ | |
|

\
l:
2
2( ) 1
( 1) 1
x a a
y
a a
+
= +

. Tt ny
ct cc tim cn
x = 1 v y = 1 ti cc im: (1; ( 3) /( 1)), (2 1;1) A a a B a + suy ra M l trung im ca AB ( v ta
trung im ca AB bng ta ca M ).
b/ Gi I l giao ca hai tim cn. Ta c ( 3) /( 1) 1 4/ 1 ; (2 1) 1 2 1 IA a a a IB a a = + = = =
. / 2 4
IAB
S IA IB = = khng i ( pcm )
c/ Ta c chu vi tam gic IAB:
2 2
2 . 2 . 2 8 16 4( 2 1)
IAB
C IA IA IA IB IAIB IA IB = + + + + = + = + . Vy chu vi tam gic IAB c
gi tr nh nht bng 4( 2 1) + khi IA = IB tc
2
( 1) 2 1 2 a a = = . Nh vy trn ths c hai
im TMYCBT l:
1 2
(1 2;1 2), (1 2;1 2) M M + + .
Bi 11/ Cho hm s: ) (
2
5 4
2
H
x
x x
y
+
+ +
=
Tm M thuc (H) sao cho khong cch t M n (D): 0 6 3 = + + y x nh nht.
http://ebook.here.vn Th vin sch min ph
Bin son: GV Phan Ph Quc T vt l Trng THPT Phan Chu Trinh- Phone: 0906306896
HDGii: Gi s
( )
( ; 2 1/( 2)), ( 2) ( ; ( )) 4( 2) 1/( 2) / 10 4( 2) 1/ 2 / 10 M a a a a d M D a a a a + + + = + + + = + + +
4/ 10 2 10 / 5 = . Vy GTNN ca k/c t M ti (D) bng 2 10 / 5 khi
4 2 1/ 2 1, 5; 2, 5 a a a + = + = ng vi hai im
1 2
( 1, 5; 2, 5), ( 2, 5; 2, 5) M M .
Bi 12/ Cho hm s:
1
3 3
2
+
+ +
=
x
x x
y (C).
Tm hai im A, B trn hai nhnh khc nhau ca (C) sao cho di on AB ngn nht.
HDGii: Gi
1 1 2 2 1 2
( ; ), ( ; ) ( )( 1 ) A x y B x y C x x < < . t
2 2 2
1 2
1 , 1 , 0; ( ) ( 1/ 1/ ) x a x b a b AB a b a b a b = + = > = + + + + +
2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) 1 (1 1/ ) 4 (2 2 1) / 4(2 1/ 2) 4(2 2 2) 8( 2 1) a b ab ab a b ab a b ab ab ( + + + + + = + + + = +

. Du
bng xy ra khi
4 4 4
1 2
1/ 2 1 1/ 2; 1/ 2 1 a b x x = = = = .
Bi 13/ Cho hm s:
3
1
1
3
y x x = + (C) v hai im A(0;1), B(3;7) trn (C). Tm M thuc cung
AB ca (C) sao cho din tch MAB ln nht.
HDGii: -Cch 1: pt t AB l: 2x y + 1 = 0 . Gi
3 3
( ;1 / 3) ( ; ) (9 ) / 3 5 ( ) / 3 5(0 3) M x x x d M AB x x f x x + = =
Ta c
2
'( ) 9 3 0 3(0 3) f x x x x = = = nn BBT
ca hs nh bn.
Do :
1
3 5.2 3/ 5 3 3
2
MAB
MaxS = = ng vi
( 3;1) M .


-Cch 2: Din tch MAB ln nht khi M l tip im ca tip tuyn vi (C) song song vi AB. Gi
0 0
( ; ) M x y . Tip tuyn ca (C) ti M song song vi AB khi
2
0 0 0
'( ) 1 2 3(0 3) ( 3;1)
AB
y x x k x x M = = = =
( ; ) 2 3/ 5 d M AB =
1
3 5.2 3/ 5 3 3
2
MAB
MaxS = = .

--------------------------- o0o ------------------------



x
0 3 3
f(x) + 0 -

f(x)
2 3/ 5

0 0