Introduction to computers and programming

Content
Hardware Information storage
RAM, ROM HD, DVD

Network
Protocols Packets

Programming
Algorithm Pseudocode Flowchart

Display
Images Characters (fonts)

File system/type
Encryption Compression

Languages Source code

Example

The computer

Internally

The connections

Information storage
1 bit 8 bits 16 bits 32 bits 64 bits bit (1 or 0) byte (octet) (28) word (216) double (232) long double (264)

Encoding information on a fixed element of length n with a base b gives bn non-redundant possibilities

Information coding
Binary
0 or 1

How to count
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1

Octal
0-7

Hexadecimal
0-9+A-F

128+32+16+4+1=
181 (decimal) 265 (octal) B5 (hexadecimal)

Decimal
0-9

Signed vs unsigned
0 to 255 -127 to +127

Operations on bits
Booleans:
0 = false = no 1 = true = yes

Example tables
AND 0 1 OR 0 1 XOR 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

Operators:
AND OR XOR NOT

RAM/ROM
Memory mapping Address Values 10111001 0000 00001111 0001 11100011 0002 .. .. ..

Size reminder:
Kilobyte Megabyte Gigabyte Terabyte Petabyte Kb Mb Gb Tb Pb 210 ~103 220 ~106 230 ~109 240 ~1012 250 ~1015

.. FFFF

00100100

HD/DVD
track
sector head

QuickTime et un dcompresseur TIFF (non compress) sont requis p our vision ner cette image.

Display
Fonts
Bitmap Vectors
TrueType, OpenType, PostScript

Screen pixel or dots Color coding: 32 bits 1 pixel = 3 bytes of color (RGB)+1 byte alpha channel (transparency) 1600x1200x4bytes=7,5 Mb!

Keyboard/Mouse
Each key (or combination The mouse movements of keys) of the keyboard 1 to 4 bytes (vertical & horizontal) sends a code to the computer. Buttons Clicked, pressed, rolled The code is interpreted and converted to the buttons corresponding ASCII or Unicode number.

Introduction to programming

What is a program?
How to cook? The algorithm Are you a programmer?

Flowcharts