THM D PHNG X

Click to edit Master subtitle style Mnh Bo co vin: c

10/3/12 H Ni, ngy 14/8/2012

NI DUNG
Mc ch Kin thc c s v vt l ht nhn Cc n v o phng x Nguyn l, cu to my o phng x Cc loi detector Cc phng php o phng x

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Mc ch
Tm kim, thm d, nh gi khong sn

phng x: U, K, Th

Tm kim cc qung khng phng x c quan

h cng sinh hoc khng cng sinh vi cc qung phng x

o v bn a cht

nh gi mi trng v phn vng nhim 10/3/12

mi trng phng x trn cc m phng x v

Kin thc c s v vt l ht nhn

Mi vt cht u c cu to t cc

ht rt nh gi l nguyn t

Nguyn t c cu to gm 2 phn:

Ht nhn v lp v

Nguyn t Ht nhn Proton mp = 1.673 x 10-27kg in tch: +e = 1.6 x 10-19C Notron mn = 1.675 x 10-27kg Khng mang in Lp v Electron me = 9.1 x 10-31kg in tch: -e = -1.6 x 10-19C

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Kin thc c s v vt l ht nhn

Phng x l g?

Hin tng ht nhn khng bn vng t ng

phng ra nhng bc x gi l tia bc x v bin i thnh ht nhn khc.

c im cht phng x: Khng ph thuc

vo mi trng bn ngoi nh nhit , p sut, mm t thn n c phn r.

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Cc tia phng x
Tia : Tia Tia Tia + Sng in t < 0.01 nm Kh nng m xuyn ln Tia

Vn tc: V=107m/s Ion ha mnh mi trng m xuyn km

Electron Pozitron C14 C11 Vi mt trong kk, qua thy tinh mng mm

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nh lut phng x:
Sau mi chu k bn r T, nguyn t ca cht

phng x bin thnh cht khc

ng dng: D tm khuyt tt Bo qun thc phm Phng php nguyn t nh du Xc nh tui

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Cc n v o phng x
Hot phng x? Radioactivity Liu chiu? Sut liu chiu Liu hp th?

th?

(Absorbed dose) Sut liu hp

Liu tng ng? Sut liu tng ng?

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Cc n v o phng x
Hot phng x:

L s lng phn r phng x trong mt n

v thi gian (1s)

1Bq = 1 phn r / 1s 1Ci (curie) = S phn r ca 1 gam Radi =

3.7x 1010 Bq

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Cc n v o phng x
Liu chiu

Liu chiu c dung nh gi tc dng

ca bc x gamma ln mi trng vt cht. 1018 in tch / kg

n v o liu chiu: C/kg, tng ng 6.25 x in tch y c th l electron hoc proton. Ngha l: di tc dng ca mt bc x (ca

mt cht phng x no gy ra) th bc x s ion ha 1kg khng kh v to ra in tch 1Culong 10/3/12

Cc n v o phng x
Sut liu chiu l liu chiu trong mt n v

thi gian, C/kg.h, C/kg.s mi trng.

Sut liu chiu c trng cho tc ion ha Liu chiu v sut liu chiu ging nh cng

v cng sut.

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Liu hp th
i vi cc mi trng vt cht khc, ngi ta

dng khi nim Liu hp th thay cho liu chiu. b hp th trong mt n v khi lng vt cht (1kg)

Liu hp th dng o nng lng bc x

1Gy [gray] = 1J/kg

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Liu tng ng
V i vi con ngi v cc thc th sinh hc

ngi ta dung khi nim Liu tng ng

1Sv [Sievert] = 1Gy = 1J/kg

Tng ng vi Liu hp th l sut liu hp

th v tng ng vi liu tng ng l sut liu tng ng

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Nng phng x
Nng phng x l phng x ca 1 lt

cht lng hoc kh, n v Bq/l phng x, n v: Bq/kg

Vi cht rn, ngi ta gi l hm lng

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Nguyn l , cu to c bn ca my o phng x

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Cc loi Detector
ng m kh ( gas-filled detector) da

vo hin tng ion ha cht kh trong ng

Kh bn trong l Argon, hi ru hoc halogen

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ng m nhp nhy

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Cc phng php o phng x

o mu phng x Phng php gamma tng: ch ghi bc x,

khng tch c hm lng U, Th, K

PP gamma hng khng: thm d phng x PP gamma mt t: kho st lp bn a cht

khong sn v nghin cu mi trng

Phng php ph gamma: da vo mc

K: 1.46 MeV Th: 2.62 MeV
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nng lng c trng cho tng nguyn t