nh sng v mu sc

Mu sc ca bt k vt th no u ph thuc vo loi nh sng phn x t vt th tc ng ti mt. Ni mt cch chnh xc hn mu sc ca vt th ph thuc vo loi nh sng chiu vo vt th v tng mu ring bit c trong nh sng , sau c phn x li t b mt vt th ti mt. Nu ngun sng chiu vo b mt vt th thiu mt vi mu no th nh sng phn x li t b mt ca vt th y cng s thiu nhng mu . Mu thc ca vt th ch c nhn bit chnh xc khi c chiu sng bi nh sng trng tiu chun- s cn bng mu sc mc tiu chun. Mu sc ca hnh nh (c thu nhn bi my nh) b nh hng bi kh nhiu yu t: tin trnh nm bt nh sng ca b cm nhn, mch iu khin trong my, phn mm s l....Tuy nhin yu t nh hng ln nht n s chnh xc ca mu sc trn bc nh l mc chnh lch gia s cn bng mu sc c thit lp trong my v s cn bng mu sc trn thc t ca nh sng chiu vo ch . CN BNG MU nh sng trng l s trn ln cc loi nh sng mu, mi loi l mt mu nguyn cht hay ni cch khc nh sng trng l hn hp ca cc loi nh sng mu. Tuy nhin t l ca hn hp cc loi nh sng mu to nn nh sng trng trong cc iu kin chiu sng khc nhau l rt khc nhau. Mt trong nhng cch miu t s khc bit ny l s dng khi nim nhit mu (Color temperature) v Kelvin c s dng lm n v o nhit mu (ng lm ln vi Kelvin dng o nhit ). Theo Kelvin th thang nhit mu c bc thp nht ng vi mu , v tng dn qua cc mu: cam, vng, trng, lam. Ngun

sng cng ng v lam th nhit mu cng cao v cng ng sang mu th nhit mu cng thp.

Trong cc tnh hung chiu sng khc nhau, nhit mu s khc nhau do hnh nh chp cng s c mu sc khc nhau. Khi ngun sng l n dy tc s cho nhit mu thp v vy nh chp s thin sang mu . Khi ngun sng l n hynh quang nhit mu thng mc cao (so vi nh sng mt tri) do vy nh chp s thin sang mu xanh. nh sng ban ngy vo lc bu tri trong xanh thng c coi l nh sng trng c nhit mu chun.

Trong 3 nh trn t tri sang phi ln lt l cc nh chp di cc iu kin chiu sng: di nh nng mt tri, di nh n hynh quang, di nh n dy tc.D dng nhn thy nh hng ca cc iu kin chiu sng khc nhau ln tone mu ca bc nh. nh sng chiu t n hunh quang thng c nhit mu cao do tone mu thng ng sang mu xanh, nh sng chiu t n dy tc thng c nhit mu thp nn tone mu thng ng v mu . Vic la chn ng ch cn bng trng s hn ch, loi tr c nh hng ca hin tng ny. thu c nh c tone mu chun xc, cc my nh thng c ty chn cn bng trng (white balance) thc cht l vic iu chnh mc cm nhn i vi tng thnh phn nh sng mu ca b cm nhn sao cho ph hp vi nhit mu thc t trong mi trng. Trong my nh k thut s c kh nhiu kiu cn bng trng ngi dng t do la chn: - Auto: My t ng la chn kiu cn bng trng - Manual: Cho php ngi s dng thit lp mc cn bng trng thng qua vic hng ng knh my nh ti mt ming ba mu trng hay bt c vt th trng no,ri thit lp ch cn bng trng. - Sunny: Ch cn bng trng ph hp khi chp ngoi tri di nh nng

- Incadescent: Ch cn bng trng thch hp khi chp trong nh c chiu sng bi n dy tc - Fluorescent: Thch hp khi chp di nh sng n hynh quang - Cloudy: Thch hp khi chp ngoi tri c my m - Flash: Thch hp khi chp c s dng n flash, ly cn bng trng l nh sng n Flash Lm th no chnh kiu cn bng trng? Tm trong menu ca my nh phn White balance hoc Color balance. Trong menu ca my nh biu tng WB thng ch tu chn cn bng trng. CN BNG TRNG & CC THI IM CHIU SNG TRONG NGY Trong ngn ng nhip nh c mt khi nim c gi l nh sng ban ngy (daylight). Kiu chiu sng ny ch xut hin vo nhng thi im nht nh. nh sng ban ngy thng thay i t loi nh sng m thin v mu (warm red) vo lc mt tri mc dn dn chuyn qua loi nh sng lnh thin v mu xanh (cold blue) vo gia tra sau li chuyn v nh sng m thin v mu vng vo lc mt tri ln (warm orange). Loi nh sng c gi l nh sng ban ngy xt v mt cn bng trng thng ch xut hin vo khong t 10 gi sng cho ti 2 gi chiu, trong khong thi gian ny mu sc s sng v r nt, nh chp s cho mu sc chnh xc. nh sng chiu t mt tri trong cc khong thi gian cn li do b nh hng nhiu hn ca kh quyn tri t (khong cch truyn nh sng xa hn) nh sng mu xanh b lc nhiu hn do nh sng trng thng c xu hng nghing sang tone mu m vng-. Nhng s thay i ny s nh hng rt ln n mu sc ca bc nh c chp. Tuy nhin tone mu m ca nh sng lc bnh minh hay chiu t s hin ra rt rc r v p khi c chp.

Bc nh ny c chp vo lc bnh mnh, nh chp thng c tone mu m, do cng chiu sng yu nn cn tng cng mc phi sng.

nh sng vo giu tra, nhng ngy nng, thng cho nhng bc nh c mu sc chnh xc.

nh sng vo nhng lc chiu mun thng ng sang mu m, -vng

Bu tri s c mu sc phong ph nht vo thi im na gi trc khi mt tri mc hoc na gi sau khi mt tri ln. y cng l thi im cc m my c chiu sng tt nht c th gip to nn nhng bc nh phong cnh k l, p mt

Khi chp lc bnh minh hay hong hn c c mt tri th nh thng b thiu sng do nn tng mc phi sng ln 1 hoc 2 EV.

CHP VO BAN M ng qun rng c rt nhiu th s hin ra rt p khi c chp vo ban m di nh sng nhn to. Cc ngun sng ny (n ng, n t, la) khng ch c tc dng chiu sng nu nm trong khung hnh nh s to ra nhng im nhn (nu bit sp xp s cho nhng hiu qu bt ng),

Khi chp ban m tt nht l mang theo ga ba chn do thng phi chp trong ch thi gian phi sng ko di d gy ra hin tng hnh nh b m do rung my.

Thi im chp mt trng p nht l khi mt trng gn ng chn tri, (bi nm gn mt t nht v cng c kch thc ln nht khi chp). nh sng t mt trng kh yu do cn c thi gian phi sng tng i di mi thu c hnh nh mt trng r nt. HNG CHIU CA NH SNG Hng chiu ca nh sng khi so snh vi v tr ca my nh ng mt vai tr kh quan trng khi chp bi hng chiu ny s to ra bng ca ch chp hin ra trn bc nh. C bn kiu chiu sng sau y thng gp: front-lighting (chp cng chiu vi chiu chiu sng), back-lighting (chp ngc chiu chiu sng), side-lighting (nh sng chiu ngang), top-lighting (nh sng chiu t trn xung). Hng chiu ca nh sng cng nh hng kh ln n vic nhn bit mc phi sng ca h thng t ng chnh mc phi sng, c th ly v d in hnh sau y vi kiu chiu sng back-lighting (chp ngc sng). Khi chp ngc sng, nh sng chiu vo ng knh do h thng t chnh s nhn bit (mt cch sai lm) l ch th c chp sng hn so vi hin thc do chnh mc phi sng thp hn so vi mc cn thit underexposure, ch th chp hin ra trn bc nh s b ti.

Side-lighting nh sng chiu ngang lun lm ni bt b cc, ng nt ca ch th c chp do mc tng phn ca cc vng c chiu sng v

cc vng b bng nh hng hin ra rt r nt. iu ny cng mt phn gii thch ti sao rt nhiu bc nh p chp phong cnh u c chp vo lc sng sm hoc chiu mun.

Front-lighting. Chp cng chiu vi chiu chiu sng. Kiu chiu sng ny s gim thiu ti a bng ca cc ng nt, gc cnh, kh nng canh nt ca my cng s hot ng c hiu qu nht. Cc chi tit hin ra rt r nt.

Back-lighting. nh sng chiu t ng sau ca ch th c chp, vng ca ch th chp hng v pha ng knh s nm trong bng ti. Hot ng ca h thng t ng chnh mc phi sng s khin cho hnh nh ca ch th c chp b ti. Ngi chp c th lm sng hnh nh bng cch tng cng mc phi sng.

Top-lighting. Hng chiu t trn cao xung, kiu chiu sng ny rt thng gp. Nu nh chp ngi s d nhn thy vng hc mt s thng b ti, vng mi s c chiu sng r nht, hn ch hin tng ny tt nht l chuyn ngi c chp vo vng bng rm.