BI TP CHNG 4

Bi 1: Hy cho bit phn bng Vigenere lin quan trong trng hp m ha Vigenere c kha l HBY v plaintext l THEY ARE STUDENTS. A D E H N R S T U Y B B E F I O S T U V Z H H K L O U Y Z A B F Y Y B C F L P Q R S W

Bi 2: Bit (n) = S cc s nh hn n v nguyn t cng nhau vi n. Chng minh rng: a. Nu p l s nguyn t th (p) = p-1 b. Nu p v q l 2 s nguyn t phn bit th (pq) = (p-1)(q-1). 1. Do p l s nguyn t nn c ca p l 1 v p. Mt khc tt c cc s nh hn p c c l 1 v khng th c c l p Nn tt c cc s nh hn p u nguyn t cng nhau vi p Vy (p) = p - 1 2. Do p v q l 2 s nguyn t khc nhau nn pq c c l 1, p, q v pq Mt khc trong cc s nh hn pq th c (p-1) s chia ht cho q (l q, 2q, ., (p-1)q) v (q1) s chia ht cho p (l p,2p,,(p-1)q) v khng c s no chia ht cho pq Nn trong cc s nh hn pq c pq 1 (q-1) (p-1) s nguyn t cng nhau vi pq Vy (pq) = (p - 1)(q - 1)

Bi 3: Trong gii thut RSA, chng minh rng cc bn m ha ca cc s 0, 1, n-1 l chnh n? Bi lm V Encipher: c = me mod n Nn 0 = 0e mod n 1 = 1e mod n