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Vica Full
Vica Full
=
1 , 1 ... 1 , 1 0 , 1
.
.
...
...
.
.
.
.
1 , 1 ... 1 , 1 0 , 1
1 , 0 ... 1 , 0 0 , 0
,
M N f N f N f
M f f f
M f f f
y x f (1)
trong d: f(i,j) l gi tri muc xm cua anh tai dim c toa d (i,j). Mi phn tu cua f(x,y)
duoc goi l mt pixel.
Ln cn cua mt pixel tai toa d (x,y) l cc dim c toa d nhu sau:
(x,y-1); (x,y+1); (x-1,y); (x+1,y); (x-1,y-1); (x-1,y+1); (x+1,y-1); (x+1,y+1) (2)
2.1. Tin xu l anh
Dy l qu trnh thuc hin du tin cua h thng. Giai doan ny gm cc qu trnh loai
bo nhiu v chuyn di anh v dang don gian d xu l v nng cao d chnh xc cho cc
giai doan sau. Anh thu duoc tu camera thuong l anh RGB 24 hoc RGB 32, ta mun
chuyn di n v dang anh xm don gian, cng thuc chuyn di nhu sau:
Gi tri mu = 0.299*R + 0.587*G + 0.114* B (3)
Sau d, anh duoc qut bng b loc Median d loai bo nhiu theo cng thuc:
f(x,y) = Median{M[i,j], (i,j) W} (4)
trong d W l cc ln cn cua dim anh (x,y) nhu dinh nghia (2).
2.2. Pht hin v tch di tung
Dy l buoc du tin v l quan trong nht trong bi ton ny, di tuong duoc pht hin
v tch ra khoi hnh nn trong tin trnh xu l ny s l du vo cho cc buoc xu l tip
theo. C mt s phuong php d thuc hin chuc nng ny voi cc uu, nhuoc dim khc
nhau. Trong bi bo ny, chng ti trnh by mt thut ton duoc dnh gi l hiu qua
nht, n vua dam bao vic pht hin v tch cc di tuong mt cch dy du, chnh xc,
vua dam bao duoc chi ph thoi gian d dp ung thoi gian thuc, ngoi ra thut ton ny
cn c uu dim l tu thch nghi duoc voi cc thay di cua diu kin v nh sng mi
truong tc dng ln anh. Tuy nhin, n c mt han ch d l truoc khi thuc hin thut
ton, ta phai khoi tao anh tham chiu, l anh ban du cua hin truong giao thng m
khng c di tuong xe no trong d. Thut ton duoc dua ra nhu sau:
Goi anh tham chiu tai thoi dim t l B
t
v V
t
l mt anh nhi phn chua cc di tuong
duoc pht hin v tch ra. Gi tri V
t
duoc tnh nhu sau:
( )
( ) ( )
=
otherwise
T j i B j i f if
j i V
t t
t
1
, , 0
, (5)
Nhu vy, nu anh du liu vo f
t
khng c chua di tuong no, th anh tham chiu v anh
du liu l trng nhau, gi tri V
t
bng 0. Cn nu trong anh du liu c chua di tuong, th
cc vng anh chua di tuong s c gi tri khc so voi anh tham chiu, v tai cc vi tr d
gi tri cua V
t
bng 1 cn cc vi tr khc bng 0. Camera duoc coi l dt c dinh, tuy
44
nhin trn thuc t n lun bi rung hoc dao dng trong mt khoang nho, ngoi ra hnh
anh thu duoc cn bi thay di boi su thay di nh sng tu nhin v cc diu kin khc.
Chnh v th m trong php tru tuyt di ta phai cho thm gi tri ngung T d loai tru
nhiu gy ra boi cc nguyn nhn ny. V cung chnh v mi truong lun bin di m
anh tham chiu phai duoc cp nht lin tuc d dam bao lun dng nht voi hnh nn cua
anh du liu hin tai.
Cng thuc cp nht anh tham chiu nhu sau:
( ) ( )( )
t t t t t t
B f V V B B + + =
+
1 1
1
(6)
l hng s c gi tri tu 0-1.
Nhu vy cc vng cua anh du liu hin tai m khng chua di tuong s lun duoc cp
nht tro lai anh tham chiu. Gi tri s cho bit ti l cp nht anh tham chiu.
2.3. Nhn dng v bt bm di tung
Sau khi pht hin v tch di tuong khoi anh, ta thu duoc anh nhi phn V chi chua cc
di tuong l cc phuong tin giao thng dang xt. Nhim vu cua phn ny l nhn dang
tung di tuong xem chng l di tuong t, xe my hay l cc di tuong khc, sau d
thuc hin vic bt bm chng. Trong phn ny chng ti su dung phuong php so snh
mu d nhn dang tung di tuong. Phuong php ny s so snh di tuong voi mt s
mu cho truoc. Di tuong s duoc nhn dang khi c su ging nht voi mt trong cc
mu. Muc tiu cua bi ton l tnh duoc vn tc cua tung di tuong chuyn dng cng
mt s thng tin khc, v vy thuc cht cua bi ton tro thnh bi ton bt bm nhiu
muc tiu chuyn dng qua chui anh thu nhn tu camera. Mi khi di tuong vo khung
hnh camera, ta bt du pht hin v bm theo n cho toi khi n ra khoi khung hnh.
Dua vo thoi gian bm di tuong v chiu di cua khung hnh ta c th tnh ra vn tc
di chuyn cua di tuong. D c th bt bm duoc di tuong, ta phai gn duoc mi lin
kt giua cc di tuong trong du liu hin tai voi cc di tuong trong du liu truoc d
hay ni cch khc l phai nhn bit duoc di tuong trong hai anh du liu lin tip ny c
l mt hay khng.
Cc buoc tin hnh thut ton nhu sau:
Bc 0: Khoi tao co so du liu rng D m s chua cc di tuong. Mi di tuong s
duoc gn vo mt lop thuc th gm cc thuc tnh: vi tr, hnh dng, kch thuoc, chung
loai, tng thoi gian bt bm,...
Bc 1: Thuc hin trch loc di tuong tu du liu anh hin thoi.
Bc 2: Voi mi di tuong thu duoc thuc hin so snh voi cc di tuong trong D:
Nu khng trng khop, c nghia di tuong moi bt du vo khung hnh camera, vy luu
n vo D cng cc thuc tnh. Nu tm thy, c nghia n vn dang di chuyn trong tm
hnh camera, vy cp nht lai cc thuc tnh cua n trong D.
Bc 3: Nhung di tuong cn lai trong D m chua duoc cp nht du liu diu d c
nghia trong anh hin tai khng chua cc di tuong ny, vy dn thoi dim ny n d ra
khoi khung hnh camera, ta c th dua ra kt lun v n v xo khoi co so du liu D.
Bc 4: Lp lai buoc 1 cho du liu anh k tip.
M hnh h thng trong bi ton ny nhu hnh 3.
45
3. Kt qua dt duc
H thng chay thu nghim bao gm 1 camera k thut s voi thng s 25 hnh/giy, h
mu RGB 24 v kch c tung anh l 320x240 pixel, 1 my tnh c cu hnh Pentium(R)
4 CPU 2.40GHz, RAM 128MB. Camera duoc ni ghp voi my tnh qua cng giao tip
USB. Du liu quay thuc t o mt s duong ph H Ni v truyn vo my tnh. Hnh 4
minh hoa giao din cua chuong trnh v mn hnh th hin kt qua sau khi bc tch cc
di tuong xe khoi hnh nn.
So snh kt qua sau 20 pht thuc hin cua chuong trnh voi kt qua dm thu cng cho
thy, s luong xe t v xe my duoc bt bm v dm trong diu kin nh sng tt l
90%-95%, voi vn tc dng xe l 90%-93%.
4. Kt lun
Trn dy d trnh by mt s kt qua nghin cuu ban du v bi ton xu l anh camera
thoi gian thuc di voi vn d tu dng gim st giao thng. Kt qua thu duoc cho thy
huong nghin cuu ny hon ton c th p dung thuc t tai Vit Nam. Thoi gian tip
theo chng ti s tip tuc thu nghim san phm voi cc diu kin khc nhau v duong
Hnh 3. M hnh h thng tu dng gim st giao thng
Anh tham chiu
Pht hin v tch xe
Nhan dang thuoc tnh
Cp nht
Anh du liu vo
Xe 1 Xe 2 ... Xe n
Xu l theo di
Hnh 4. Giao din chuong trnh v kt qua cua bi ton tu dng gim st giao thng
46
s, thoi tit, mt d dng xe,.. v hon chinh mt s vn d khc nhu nhn dang chung
loai xe, nhn dang bin s xe,...
Ti liu tham khao
[1]. BELLE L. TSENG, CHING-YUNG LIN AND JOHN R.SMITH, (2002), Real-time
Video Surveillance for Traffic Monitoring using Virtual Line Analysis, Proc. IEEE
International Conference on Multimedia and Expos, Switzerland.
[2]. CHRISTOPHER JOHN SETCHELL, (1997), Application of Computer Vision to
Road-traffic Monitoring, PhD thesis in the Faculty of Engineering, Department of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, UK.
[3]. COHEN AND MEDIONI G., (1999), Detecting and tracking moving objects in
video surveillance, IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.
[4]. CUCCHIARA R., PRATI A., VEZZANI R., (2004), Real Time Motion
Segmentation From Moving Cameras, Real-Time Imaging, vol. 10,3,127-143.
[5]. CUCCHIARA R., PRATI A., VEZZANI R., (June 16-22, 2003), Object
Segmentation in Videos from Moving Camera with MRFs on Color and Motion
Features, Proceedings of IEEE-CS Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern
Recognition (IEEE CVPR 2003), Madison, Wisconsin, USA, vol. 1, 405-410.
[6]. CUCCHIARA R., GRANA C., PRATI A., (May 31, 2002), Detecting Moving
Objects and their Shadows: an evaluation with the PET2002 dataset, Proceeding of
Third IEEE International Workshop on Performance Evaluation of Tracking and
Surveillance (PETS 2002) in conj. with ECCV 2002, Copenhagen, Denmark, 18-25.
[7]. JOHN F.J, (1989), Traffic monitoring in Great Britain, Second International
Conference on Road Traffic Monitoring, 1-4.
[8]. KOREN C., SCHVAB J., (1989), Traffic survey system in Hungary, Second
International Conference on Road Traffic Monitoring, 10-13.
[9]. LEE S.C, (1989), Road Traffic Monitoring in Hong Kong, Second International
Conference on Road Traffic Monitoring, 14-18.