Phi Tuyen 2012c MK

Nguyn Cng Phng g y g g
Mch phi tuyn Mch phi tuyn

C s l thuyt mch in
Ni dung
Gii thiu Gii thiu
c tnh ca phn t phi tuyn
Ch xc lp Ch xc lp
Ch qu
Gii mt s bi ton phi tuyn bng my tnh Gii mt s bi ton phi tuyn bng my tnh
Mch phi tuyn - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn
2
Gii thiu (1) u (V) u (V)
i (A)
0
i (A)
0
R
i
R
i
u u
u
i
R
=
u
i
R
=
3
Tuyn tnh Phi tuyn
R R
Gii thiu (2)
Tuyn tnh Phi tuyn Tuyn tnh Phi tuyn
R = const R = R(i, t, )
L = const L = L(i, t, )
C = const C = C(u, t, )
4
Gii thiu (3)
0; 0
N M
u i

R
i
1 1
0; 0
k k
k k
u i
= =
= =

; ( )
R R R
u Ri u u i = =
u
( , ,...)
;
L L
di d i t
u L u
dt dt
= =
( ) du dq u t ( , ,...)
;
C C
du dq u t
i C i
dt dt
= =
R
tuyn tnh ha
i
(h) Phng trnh phi tuyn
i
u
(h) Phng trnh phi tuyn
5
i,u, p, i,u, p,
Ni dung
Gii thiu Gii thiu
Ch xc lp Ch xc lp
Ch qu
Gii mt s bi ton phi tuyn bng my tnh Gii mt s bi ton phi tuyn bng my tnh
6
c tnh ca phn t phi tuyn (1)
i(A) 1 2 3 4
u (V)
i(A) 1 2 3 4
u(V) 3,5 5,5 6,1 5,3
12
u(i) = 0,7i
2
+ 4,1i
u
1
(i)
7
0
i (A)
4
H s ng & h s tnh H s ng & h s tnh
H s ng:
( )
( )
f x
k x
c
=
cx c
( )
( )
u i
r i
c
=
( )
( )
i
L i
c
=
( )
( )
q u
C u
c
=
( )
i c
( )
i c
( )
u c
x f ) (
H s tnh:
x
x f
x k
t
) (
) ( =
i u ) (
) (
i
L
) (
) (
u q
C
) (
) (
8
i
i u
i r
t
) (
) ( =
i
i
i L
t
) (
) (

=
u
u q
u C
t
) (
) ( =
2
( ) ?
k x =
2
( ) ?
t
k x =
f(x) f(x)
2
( )
x=
2
( )
t
x=
2
( )
x
f x
x
=
c
=
c
(2)
2
f
=
12 12
2 x
u
1
(i) u
1
(i)
o
|
9
0
x
4
0
x
4
|
f(x) f(x)
4
( )
x
k x
= 4
( )
t
x
k x
=
12 12
o
u
1
(i) u
1
(i)
|
10
0
x
4
0
x
4
|
H c tnh H c tnh
11
2 tnh cht c bn: 2 tnh cht c bn:
1. To tn
u(i) = 3i
2
u(i) 3i
i(t) = 5sin314t A
u(t) = 3(5sin314t)
2
= 75sin
2
314t
37 5(1 628t) V
2. Khng xp chng p ng
= 37,5(1 cos628t) V
( ) 3
2
u(i) = 3i
2
i
1
= 2 A u
R
(2 + 4) = 108 u
R
(2) + u
R
(4) = 60
12
i
2
= 4 A
Ni dung
Gii thiu
Ch xc lp
Mch mt chi Mch mt chiu
Khi nim
Phng php th
Phng php d Phng php d
Phng php lp
Mch xoay chiu
Ch qu Ch qu
Gii mt s bi ton phi tuyn bng my tnh
13
Khi nim
Dng & p khng bin thin theo thi gian (ngun mt chiu) g p g g ( g )
L ngn mch, C h mch
(h) phng trnh vi phn phi tuyn (h) phng trnh i s
phi tuyn
Gii:
P/p th P/p th
P/p d
P/p lp
14
Phng php th (1)
Dng th trn mt phng 2 chiu (hoc mt phng
trong khng gian 3 chiu) tm nghim
Ch dng cho phng trnh ti a 2 n
Cc php ton trn th:
Cng
Tr
T l
Nh Nhn
Bnh phng
Cn
15
Cn
Tm nghim
Cng
yy
y
1
(x) + y
2
(x)
y
1
(x)
y
2
(x)
x
0 x x
b
x x
d
16
0 x
a
x
b
x
c
x
d
Tr
yy
y
1
(x)
y
2
(x)
x
0 x x
b
x x
d
y
1
(x) y
2
(x)
17
0 x
a
x
b
x
c
x
d
T l
yy
2y (x)
y (x)
x
0 x x
b
x x
d
18
0 x
a
x
b
x
c
x
d
Nhn
y
y
1
(x)y
2
(x)
y
y
1
(x)
y
2
(x)
x
0 x x
b
x
19
0 x
a
x
b
x
c
Bnh phng
y
y
2
(x)
y
y (x)
x
0 x x
b
x x
d
20
0 x
a
x
b
x
c
x
d
Cn
y y (x) y y (x)
( ) y x
x
0 x x
b
x x
d
21
0 x
a
x
b
x
c
x
d
Tm nghim ca phng trnh f
1
(x) = f
2
(x)
f
f
2
f
1
0
x
f
1
*
22
x
x
*
Phng php th (2)
VD1
Tm dng in trong mch.
u (V)
u (i) + 1 5i
1 1
0; 0
N M
k k
k k
u i
= =
= =

12
u
1
(i) + 1,5i
u = 9
; ( )
R R R
u Ri u u i = =
;

= =
L L
di d
u L u
dt dt
1,5i
dt dt
; = =
C C
du dq
i C i
dt dt
u
1
(i)
u
1
(i) + r
2
i = 9
u
1
(i) + 1,5i = 9
i 2 2 A
23
0
i (A)
4
i = 2,2 A
Phng php th (3)
VD1
u (V)
12 12
u
1
(i) + r
2
i = 9
u
1
(i)
u
1
(i) + 1,5i = 9
u
1
(i) = 9 1,5i
9 1,5i
i = 2,2 A
24
0
i (A)
4
Phng php th (4)
u (V) u (V) u (V)
12
u
1
(i) + 1,5i
9
u (V)
12
1,5i
u = 9
u
1
(i)
9 1,5i
u
1
(i)
0
i (A)
4
0
i (A)
4
25
u
1
(i) + 1,5i = 9
u
1
(i) = 9 1,5i
Phng php th (5)
(V)
VD2
u (V)
12
u
1
(i) + u
2
(i)
9 u
2
u = 9
u
1
u
1
(i) + u
2
(i) = 9
0
i (A)
4
i = 2,3 A
26
( )
i 2,3 A
Phng php th (6)
(V)
VD3
u (V)
12
u
2
i
2
(u)
u
1
u
12
(i) ?
i (u ) = i (u) + i (u)
i
1
(u) + i
2
(u)
i
1
(u)
0
i (A)
4
i
12
(u
12
) = i
1
(u) + i
2
(u)
27
( )
Phng php th (7)
VD4
(V) u (V)
12
u
2
i
2
(u)
u
12
(i) ?
u
1
i
1
(u)
0
i (A)
4
28
( )
Phng php th (8)
VD5
e
1
= 16 V; e
2
= 9 V; j = 2 A; R
1
= 4 ;
R
2
= 6 ; R
3
= 2 ; R
4
= 10 ; Tnh i
t
.
u (V)
12
u
t
(i)
12
u
t
(i)
29
i (A)
4
0
Phng php th (9)
e
1
= 16 V; e
2
= 9 V; j = 2 A; R
1
= 4 ;
VD5
R
2
= 6 ; R
3
= 2 ; R
4
= 10 ; Tnh i
t
.
u (V)
12
u
t
(i)
12
4 3 2 1
// ] ) // [( R R R R R
td
+ =
u
t
(i)
6 4
10 2
6 4
6 . 4
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
= O = 06 , 3
30
i (A)
4
0
10 2
6 4
6 . 4
+ +
+
Phng php th (10)
e
1
= 16 V; e
2
= 9 V; j = 2 A; R
1
= 4 ;
VD5
R
2
= 6 ; R
3
= 2 ; R
4
= 10 ; Tnh i
t
.
u (V)
12
u
t
(i)
12
1 2
1 1 1 1
a b
e e
R R R R R R

| |
+ + = +
|
\ .
t
c
= 0
u
t
(i)
1 2 3 3 1 2
3 3 4
1 1 1
a b
R R R R R R
j
R R R

|
\ .
| |
+ + =
|
\ .

31
i (A)
4
0
3 3 4
R R R
\ .
15, 28V
b
= 15, 28 V
td b
e = =
Phng php th (11)
e
1
= 16 V; e
2
= 9 V; j = 2 A; R
1
= 4 ;
VD5
R
2
= 6 ; R
3
= 2 ; R
4
= 10 ; Tnh i
t
.
3, 06 ; 15, 28 V
td td
R e = O =
u (V)
12
u
t
(i) + R
td
i = e
td
15,28 3,06i
u
t
(i)
12
u
t
(i) + 3,06i = 15,28
u
1
(i) = 15 28 3 06i
u
t
(i)
u
1
(i) 15,28 3,06i
i = 2,9 A
32
i (A)
4
0
Phng php th (12)
e = 60 V; R
1
= 20 ; C = 80 F.
VD6
Tnh dng in qua in tr phi tuyn.
20i + u
2
(i) = 60
2
( )
u
2
(i) = 60 20i
i = 0,6 A
33
Phng php th (13)
u im: trc quan u im: trc quan
Nhc im: ch cho 2D & 3D
Dng cho mch n gin c t phn t phi tuyn Dng cho mch n gin, c t phn t phi tuyn
Thng phi phi hp vi cc phng php n gin
ho mch in (bin i tng ng) ho mch in (bin i tng ng)
Nu mch phc tp, c nhiu phn t phi tuyn kh
v th v
phng php d
34
Ni dung
Gii thiu
Ch xc lp
M h t hi Mch mt chiu
Khi nim
Phng php th
Phng php lp
Mch xoay chiu
Ch qu Ch qu
35
Phng php d (1)
D thng s (nghim) tho mn mch in (phng trnh m g ( g ) (p g
t mch in)
u (V)
VD1
12
u
1
(i) u
1
(i) + r
2
i = 9
i (A)
1
( )
1
( )
2
i
u
1
(i) + i
9
?
36
0
i (A)
4
r
2
i
u
1
(i) + r
2
i
= 9
Phng php d (2)
Lp s tnh
i u
1
(i), r
2
i
u (i) + r i = 9
u (V)
Lp s tnh
Gn cho nghim
i
1
( )
2
u
1
(i) + r
2
i
i
(1)
= 1 A
i
(2)
2 2 A
u
1
(i) + r
2
i = 9
12
mt gi tr
Thay vo
u
1
(1)
= 3,5 V
i
(2)
= 2,2 A
u
1
(2)
= 5,7 V
u
1
(i)
y
s tnh u
2
(1)
= 1,5.1 = 1,5 V
u
(1)
+ u
(1)
= 5 V
1
,
u
2
(2)
= 1,5.2,2 = 3,3 V
u
1
(2)
= 5,7 V
i (A)
1
( )
Tho mn?
C
Khng
u
1
( )
+ u
2
( )
= 5 V
u
1
(1)
= 3,5 V
u
1
(2)
+ u
2
(2)
= 9 V
37
0
i (A)
4
Dng i
(*)
= 2,2 A
i
(1)
= 1 A
i
(2)
= 2,2 A
Phng php d (3)
Lp s tnh
i u
1
(i), r
2
i
u (i) + r i = 9
Lp s tnh
Gn cho nghim
i
1
( )
2
u
1
(i) + r
2
i
i
(2)
2 2 A
u
1
(i) + r
2
i = 9
mt gi tr
Thay vo
i
(2)
= 2,2 A
u
1
(2)
= 5,7 V
( )
( ) ( ) k k
y
s tnh
1
,
u
2
(2)
= 1,5.2,2 = 3,3 V
( )
( ) ( )
1 2
9
9
k k
u u
c
+
s
Tho mn?
C
Khng
u
1
(2)
+ u
2
(2)
= 9 V
( )
const
const
k
f
c
s
38
Dng i
(*)
= 2,2 A
const
Phng php d (4)
i u
1
(i), u
2
(i) u
1
(i) + u
2
(i)
u (i) + r i = 9 u
1
(i) + r
2
i = 9
u (V)
1 k 2 3
12
1
1
3,5
k
i
(k)
(A)
u
1
(k)
(V)
2
2
5,5
3
2,5
6,2
u
1
(i)
,
1,5
1
( )
u
2
(k)
= 1,5i
(k)
(V)
e
(k)
= u
1
(k)
+ u
2
(k)
(V)
5,0
,
3,0
8,5
,
3,75
9,95
i (A)
1
( )
|e
(k)
9|
9
(%)
44,0 5,6 10,6
39
0
i (A)
4
Phng php d (5)
1 i
(k)
(A) 2 2,5
e
(k)
= u
1
(k)
+ u
2
(k)
(V) 5,0 8,5 9,95
i
(4)
= 2 2 A
e (V)
D tip Ni/ngoi suy
i
( )
= 2,2 A
u
1
(4)
= 5,7 V
e (V)
9
u
2
(4)
= 1,5.2,2 = 3,3 V
u
1
(4)
+ u
2
(4)
= 9 V
i
(*)
= 2,2 A
40
i
(*)
= 2,2 A
i (A) 0
Phng php d (6)
VD2
u (V)
u
1
(i) + u
2
(i) = 9
i u
1
(i), u
2
(i) u
1
(i) + u
2
(i)
u (V)
u
2
12
k
i
(k)
(A)
1
1
2
2
3
2 5 i (A)
u
1
(k)
(V)
u
2
(k)
(V)
1
3,5
0,9
2
5,5
2,0
2,5
6,2
2,9
u
1
2
( )
e
(k)
= u
1
(k)
+ u
2
(k)
(V)
|e
(k)
9|
(%)
,
4,4
51 1
,
7,5
16 7
,
9,1
1 1
41
0
i (A)
4
9
(%) 51,1 16,7 1,1
Phng php d (7)
e = 60 V; R
1
= 20 ; C = 80 F.
Tnh dng in qua in tr phi tuyn
VD3
I (A) 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
U (V) 0 3 6 10 16 30 80
20i + u
2
(i) = 60
c tnh ca in tr phi tuyn
i 20i, u
2
(i) 20i + u
2
(i) = 60?
k i
(k)
(A) 20i
(k)
(V)
(k)
(V)
(k)
20i
(k) (k)
(V)
( )
60 / 60 (%)
k
k i
(k)
(A) 20i
(k)
(V) u
2
(k)
(V) e
(k)
= 20i
(k)
+ u
2
(k)
(V)
( )
60 / 60 (%)
k
e
1 0, 5 10 3 13 78
2
2 40 16 56 6, 67 ,
3 2, 5
50 30 80 33, 33
2 2, 5 56.2, 5 80.2
0, 021 0, 83 i e e

= + = +
42
0, 021 0, 83
56 80 56 80
i e e + +

60
0, 021.60 0, 83 2, 08A
e
i
=
= + =
Phng php d (8)
VD4
e
1
= 16 V; e
2
= 9 V; j = 2 A; R
1
= 4 ;
R
2
= 6 ; R
3
= 2 ; R
4
= 10 ; Tnh i
t
.
u (V)
12
u
t
(i)
12
u
t
(i)
43
i (A)
4
0
Phng php d (9)
L phng php s L phng php s
p dng cho mch in c nhiu phn t phi tuyn
p dng cho phng trnh 1 n p dng cho phng trnh 1 n
44
Ni dung
Gii thiu
Ch xc lp
Khi nim
Phng php th
Phng php lp
Mch xoay chiu
Ch qu Ch qu
45
Phng php lp (1)
p dng cho dng x = f(x)
Nghim: giao im ca ng thng y = x & ng cong
y = f(x)
y = x
y
y
y
(0)
x
(0)
y
(0)
= f(x
(0)
)
x
(1)
= y
(0)
y
(1)
= f(x
(1)
)
y
(0)
y y f( )
x
(2)
= y
(1)
y = f(x)
y
(1)
x
(n)
= y
(n 1)
46
0
x
x
(0)
x
(1)
x
(2)
n = ?
Phng php lp (2)
Lp n khi no th ? Lp n khi no th ?
Cho n khi nghim gn
ng st vi nghim
y = x
n = ?
ng st vi nghim
ng
Th no l st?
y
y
Th no l st?
y = f(x)
|x
(n)
x
(n 1)
|
47
0
x
x
(0)
Phng php lp (3)
b hi d h h i
y = x
ng cong bn phi dc hn ng phn gic y = x
Hi t Phn k
y
y = x
y
y
y x
y = f(x) y = f(x)
48
0
x
x
(0)
0
x
x
(0)
Phng php lp (4)
iu kin hi t: ng cong f(x) g g f( )
t dc hn ng phn gic y = x
|f (x)| < x = 1
y
y = x
l iu kin gin tip
iu kin trc tip:
| ( ) ( 1)| | ( 1) ( 2)| |x(n) x(n 1)| < |x(n 1) x(n 2)|
Ti sao phi xt iu kin gin
tip?
y = f(x)
tip?
Nu khng tho mn iu kin hi
t?
0
x
x
(0)
49
Phng php lp (5)
=
=
) ,..., , (
) ,..., , (
2 1 2 2
2 1 1 1
n
n
x x x f x
x x x f x
= ) ,..., , (
...
2 1 n n n
x x x f x
X = F(X)
50
z
Phng php lp (6)
=
=
) , (
) , (
2
1
y x f y
y x f x
3
3.5
4
f
f
(1)
= y
(1)
1.5
2
2.5
f
2
f
2
( )
y
( )
0
0.5
1
f
1
f
1
(1)
= x
(1)
3
4
5
6
7
2
3
4
0
y
x
y
(1)
51
0
1
2
3
0
1
0
x
(0)
y
(0)
x
(1)
y
Phng php lp (7)
iu kin hi t ca h a bin?
Cng dng nghing ca hm a bin:
_nghing < 1
nghing?
)
`
c
c
c
c
c
c

= = =
n
k
k
n
n
k
k
n
k
k
x
f
x
f
x
f
1 1
2
1
1
,..., , max
iu kin hi t:
k
n
k
k
x
f
x
f
x
f
x
f
c
c
+ +
c
c
+
c
c
=
c
c
=
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
...
iu kin hi t:
1 ,..., , max
2 1
<
)
`
c
c
c
c
c
c

n
n
n n
x
f
x
f
x
f
52
1 1 1
)
c c c

= = = k
k
k
k
k
k
x x x
Phng php lp (8)
u (V)
VD1
Tm min hi t ca dng in.
12
u
1
(i)
u (i) + r i = 9
) (
6
) ( 9 ) ( 9
1 1
i f
i u
r
i u
i =
=
i (A)
u
1
(i) + r
2
i = 9
6
2
r
) (i df
0
i (A)
8
| | ) ( 1 ) ( 9 ) ( i du i u d i df
) (i du
53
1
) (
<
di
i df
| |
1
) (
6
1
6
) ( 9 ) (
1 1
< = =
di
i du
di
i u d
di
i df
6
) (
1
<
di
i du
0 > i
Phng php lp (9)
VD2
Cho h phng trnh
1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2
0, 5 0, 005 ( ) 0, 003 ( ) ( , ) i u i u i f i i = + =
2
1 1 1 1
( ) 221 260 ; u i i i = +
2
2 2 2 2
( ) 438 405 u i i i = +
p g
2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2
0, 6 0, 003 ( ) 0, 004 ( ) ( , ) i u i u i f i i
= + =
Xt tnh hi t ca h ti i
1
= 0,2; i
2
= 0,3.
vi
1 ma
2 1
<
`
c c c

n
n
n n
f f f
1 2
1 ,..., , max
1 1
2
1
1
<
)
`
c c c

= = = k
k
n
k
k
k
k
x
f
x
f
x
f

1 2 1 2
2 2
1 2
1 1
0,2; 0,3 0,2; 0,3
max , 1
k k
k k
i i i i
f f
i i
= =
= = = =

| | | |
c c

<
| |
`
| |
c c
\ . \ .
)

54
Phng php lp (10)
VD2
Cho h phng trnh
1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2
0, 5 0, 005 ( ) 0, 003 ( ) ( , ) i u i u i f i i = + =
2
1 1 1 1
( ) 221 260 ; u i i i = +
2
2 2 2 2
( ) 438 405 u i i i = +
p g
2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2
0, 6 0, 003 ( ) 0, 004 ( ) ( , ) i u i u i f i i
= + =
1
= 0,2; i
2
= 0,3.
vi
2 2
1 2
1 1
max , 1
k k
k k
f f
i i

| | | |
c c

<
| |
`
| |
c c
\ . \ .
)

1 2
1 2 1 2
1 1
0,2; 0,3 0,2; 0,3
k k
k k
i i i i
= =
= = = =
\ . \ .
)
2
1 1 1
f f f
| |
c c c
= +
|
|
1 2
1 2
1 2
1
0,2 0,3
0,2; 0,3
k
k
i i
i i
i i i
=
= =
= =
|
|
c c c
\ .
2
2 2 2
f f f
| |
c c c
|

55
1 2
1 2
2 2 2
1 2
1
0,2 0,3
0,2; 0,3
k
k
i i
i i
f f f
i i i
=
= =
= =
c c c
= +
|
|
c c c
\ .
Phng php lp (11)

VD2
Cho h phng trnh
1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2
0, 5 0, 005 ( ) 0, 003 ( ) ( , ) i u i u i f i i = + =
2
1 1 1 1
( ) 221 260 ; u i i i = +
2
2 2 2 2
( ) 438 405 u i i i = +
p g
2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2
0, 6 0, 003 ( ) 0, 004 ( ) ( , ) i u i u i f i i
= + =
1
= 0,2; i
2
= 0,3.
vi
2
1 1 1
1 2
1
0 2 0 3
k
k
f f f
i i i
| |
c c c
= +
|
|
c c c
\ .
1 2
1
2 21 1 3 i =
1 1
0, 005
f du c
=
1 2
1 2
1 2
1
0,2 0,3
0,2; 0,3
k
k
i i
i i
i i i
=
= =
= =
c c c
\ .
1
0, 858
f c
=
1
2, 21 1, 3 i =
1 1
0, 005
i di c
2 628 1 215 i = +
1 2
0 003
f du c
=
1
1
0,2
0, 858
i
i
=
c
1
0 427
f c
=
56
2
2, 628 1, 215 i = +
2 2
0, 003
i di
=
c
2
2
0,3
0, 427
i
i
=
=
c
Phng php lp (12)
Cho h phng trnh
1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2
0, 5 0, 005 ( ) 0, 003 ( ) ( , ) i u i u i f i i = + =
VD2
2
1 1 1 1
( ) 221 260 ; u i i i = +
2
2 2 2 2
( ) 438 405 u i i i = +
p g
2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2
0, 6 0, 003 ( ) 0, 004 ( ) ( , ) i u i u i f i i
= + =
1
= 0,2; i
2
= 0,3.
vi
2
1 1 1
1 2
1
0 2 0 3
k
k
f f f
i i i
| |
c c c
= +
|
|
c c c
\ .
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1
0,2 0,3
0,2; 0,3
k
k
i i
i i
i i i
=
= =
= =
c c c
\ .
1
0, 858
f
i
c
=
c
2
1
k
f
i
| |
c
=
|
|
c
\ .
1
1
0,2 i
i
=
c
1
0, 427
f
i
c
=
c
1 2
1
0,2; 0,3
0, 858 0, 427 0, 431
k
k
i i
i
=
= =
|
c
\ .
= + =
57
2
2
0,3 i
i
=
c
Phng php lp (13)
Cho h phng trnh
1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2
0, 5 0, 005 ( ) 0, 003 ( ) ( , ) i u i u i f i i = + =
VD2
2
1 1 1 1
( ) 221 260 ; u i i i = +
2
2 2 2 2
( ) 438 405 u i i i = +
p g
2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2
0, 6 0, 003 ( ) 0, 004 ( ) ( , ) i u i u i f i i
= + =
1
= 0,2; i
2
= 0,3.
vi
2
1
1
0, 431;
k
k
f
i
| |
c
=
|
|
c
\ .
1 2
2
2 2 2
1 2
1
k
k
f f f
i i i
| |
c c c
= +
|
|
c c c
\ .
1 2
1
0,2; 0,3
k
k
i i
i
=
= =
c
\ .
1
1 326 0 78 i = +
2 1
0, 003
f du c
=
1 2
1 2
1 2
1
0,2 0,3
0,2; 0,3
k
k
i i
i i
i i i
=
= =
= =
c c c
\ .
2
0, 515
f c
=
1
1, 326 0, 78 i = +
1 1
0, 003
i di c
3 504 1 62 i
2 2
0 004
f du c
=
1
1
0,2
0, 515
i
i
=
c
2
0 569
f c
=
58
2
3, 504 1, 62 i =
2 2
0, 004
i di
=
c
2
2
0,3
0, 569
i
i
=
=
c
Phng php lp (14)
Cho h phng trnh
1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2
0, 5 0, 005 ( ) 0, 003 ( ) ( , ) i u i u i f i i = + =
VD2
2
1 1 1 1
( ) 221 260 ; u i i i = +
2
2 2 2 2
( ) 438 405 u i i i = +
p g
2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2
0, 6 0, 003 ( ) 0, 004 ( ) ( , ) i u i u i f i i
= + =
1
= 0,2; i
2
= 0,3.
vi
1 2
2
2 2 2
f f f
i i i
| |
c c c
= +
|
|
c c c
\ .
1 2
1 2
1 2
1
0,2 0,3
0,2; 0,3
k
k
i i
i i
i i i
=
= =
= =
|
c c c
\ .
2
0, 515
f c
=
2
2
k
f
i
| |
c
=
|
|
c
\ .
1
1
0,2
0, 515
i
i
=
c
2
0 569
f c
=
1 2
1
0,2; 0,3
0, 515 0, 569 0, 054
k
k
i i
i
=
= =
|
c
\ .
= =
59
2
2
0,3
0, 569
i
i
=
=
c
Phng php lp (15)
Cho h phng trnh
1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2
0, 5 0, 005 ( ) 0, 003 ( ) ( , ) i u i u i f i i = + =
VD2
2
1 1 1 1
( ) 221 260 ; u i i i = +
2
2 2 2 2
( ) 438 405 u i i i = +
p g
2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2
0, 6 0, 003 ( ) 0, 004 ( ) ( , ) i u i u i f i i
= + =
1
= 0,2; i
2
= 0,3.
vi
2 2
1 2
1 1
max , 1
k k
k k
f f
i i

| | | |
c c

<
| |
`
| |
c c
\ . \ .

1 2
1 2 1 2
1 1
0,2; 0,3 0,2; 0,3
k k
k k
i i i i
i i
= =
= = = =
c c
\ . \ .
)
2
1
0, 431
f
| |
c
=
|
|
c
{ }
max 0, 431; 0, 054 1 <
1 2
1
0,2; 0,3
,
k
k
i i
i
=
= =
|
|
c
\ .
2
2
0 054
f
| |
c
|
{ }
60
1 2
2
1
0,2; 0,3
0, 054
k
k
i i
f
i
=
= =
=
|
|
c
\ .
Phng php lp (16)

Cho h phng trnh
1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2
0, 5 0, 005 ( ) 0, 003 ( ) ( , ) i u i u i f i i = + =
VD2
2
1 1 1 1
( ) 221 260 ; u i i i = +
2
2 2 2 2
( ) 438 405 u i i i = +
p g
2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2
0, 6 0, 003 ( ) 0, 004 ( ) ( , ) i u i u i f i i
= + =
1
= 0,2; i
2
= 0,3.
vi
2 2
1 2
1 1
max , 1
k k
k k
f f
i i

| | | |
c c

<
| |
`
| |
c c
\ . \ .

1 2
1 2 1 2
1 1
0,2; 0,3 0,2; 0,3
k k
k k
i i i i
i i
= =
= = = =
c c
\ . \ .
)
{ }
max 0, 431; 0, 054 1 <
0, 431 1 < (ng)
H phng trnh hi t ti i
1
= 0,2; i
2
= 0,3
61
H phng trnh hi t ti i
1
0,2; i
2
0,3
Phng php lp (17)
Xy dng x = f(x)
-min hi t G?
( ) k
Khng
C
k = 0; chn
( ) k
x G e
k = k + 1
x
(k)
= f(x
(k 1)
)
( )
?
k
x G e
Khng
|x
(n 1)
x
(n)
| < ?
Khng
C
C
62
Dng
C
Phng php lp (18)
VD3
Gii mch in bng phng php lp, = 0,1.
) (
6
) ( 9 ) ( 9
1
2
1
i f
i u
r
i u
i =
=
u
1
(i) + r
2
i = 9
u (V) ( )
12
u
1
(i)
(theo VD1) f (i) hi t vi i > 0.
k
1 2 3 4 5
i
(k)
(A)
u
1
(k)
(V)
9
(k)
(V)
0
0
1,5
4,4
4 6
0,77
2,7
6 3
1,05
3,4
5 6
0,93
3,0
6 0
i (A)
9 u
1
(k)
(V)
i
(k+1)
= f(i
(k)
) (A)
|i
(k)
i
(k + 1)
| (A)
9
1,5
1 5
4,6
0,77
0 73
6,3
1,05
0 28
5,6
0,93
0 12
6,0
1,0
0 07
63
0
i (A)
8
|i
(k)
i
(k 1)
| (A)
1,5 0,73 0,28 0,12 0,07
Phng php lp (19)
VD4
e
1
= 16 V; e
2
= 9 V; j = 2 A; R
1
= 4 ;
R
2
= 6 ; R
3
= 2 ; R
4
= 10 ; Tnh i
t
.
u (V)
12
u
t
(i)
12
u
t
(i)
64
i (A)
4
0
Phng php lp (20)
L phng php s L phng php s
Trc khi tnh ton phi xt xem c hi t khng
Phng php ny ch tm c nghim ch khng tm Phng php ny ch tm c nghim ch khng tm
c tt c cc nghim
ff
65
0
x
Ni dung
Gii thiu
Ch xc lp
Mch xoay chiu
Khi nim
Phng php cn bng iu ho Phng php cn bng iu ho
Phng php tuyn tnh iu ho
Phng php tuyn tnh ha quanh im lm vic
Phng php tuyn tnh ha tng on Phng php tuyn tnh ha tng on
Phng php th
Ch qu
66
Khi nim
Mch phi tuyn, ch xc lp, c ngun xoay chiu Mch phi tuyn, ch xc lp, c ngun xoay chiu
Ch tnh thnh phn tn s bc 1
Phng php: Phng php:
Cn bng iu ho
Tuyn tnh iu ho y
Tuyn tnh ha quanh im lm vic
Tuyn tnh ha tng on
th
67
Cn bng iu ho (1)
L phng php gii tch
cos ; sin
k k k k k k
A M B M u u = =
p g p p g
M t mch:
F(x, x, , t) = 0 (1)
2 2
; atan
k
k k k k
k
A
M A B
B
u = + =
Tm nghim dng chui dao ng (Fourier):
( ) cos sin sin( ) cos( )
n n n n
x t A k t B k t M k t N k t e e e u e = + = + = +

1 1 1 1
( ) cos sin sin( ) cos( )
k k k k k k
k k k k
x t A k t B k t M k t N k t e e e u e
= = = =
= + = + = +

1 1
( ) cos sin x t A t B t e e = + +
1 1
( ) sin( ) x t M t e u = + + dao ng/thnh phn bc 1
2 2
3 3
cos2 sin2
cos3 sin3
...
A t B t
A t B t
e e
e e
+ + +
+ +
+ +
2 2
3 3
sin(2 )
sin(3 )
...
M t
M t
e u
e u
+ + +
+ + +
+ +
dao ng/thnh phn bc 2
dao ng/thnh phn bc 3
68
...
cos sin
n n
A n t B n t e e
+ +
+ + +
...
sin( )
n n
M n t e u
+ +
+ +
dao ng/thnh phn bc n
Cn bng iu ho (2)

+ =
n
k
n
k
t k B t k A t x sin cos ) ( e e
= = k k 1 1
69
Cn bng iu ho (3)
L phng php gii tch p g p p g
M t mch:
F(x, x, , t) = 0 (1)
Tm nghim dng chui dao ng (Fourier):

+ =
n
k
n
k
t k B t k A t x sin cos ) ( e e
Thay x(t) vo (1):

= = k
k
k
k
1 1
) (
n n
0 sin ) , , ( cos ) , , (
1 1
= + +

= =
H t k B A S t k B A C
n
k
k
n
k
k
e e e e
{ } A A A A
70
{ }
n
A A A A ,..., ,
2 1
=
{ }
n
B B B B ,..., ,
2 1
=
H: tng ca cc iu ho bc cao (k > n)
Cn bng iu ho (4)
0 i ) ( ) (

H k B A S k B A C
n n
0 sin ) , , ( cos ) , , (
1 1
= + +

= =
H t k B A S t k B A C
k
k
k
k
e e e e t
=
=
0 ) , , (
0 ) , , (
1
1
e
e
B A S
B A C
=
=
0 ) , , (
0 ) , , (
2
2
e
e
B A S
B A C
B A,

= =
+ =
n
k
k
n
k
k
t k B t k A t x
1 1
sin cos ) ( e e
=
0 ) (
0 ) , , (
...
e
B A S
B A C
n
= = k k 1 1
71
= 0 ) , , ( e B A S
n
Cn bng iu ha (5)
( ) i
C
VD1
e(t) = 100sin314t (V); C = 1F; (i) = 0,2i 0,6i
3
.
Tnh thnh phn bc nht ca dng in
e
Tnh thnh phn bc nht ca dng in.
C
d
e u
dt
= +
6
1
.
10
di
idt
i dt
c
= +
c
}
2
6
1
(0, 2 0,18 ) '
10
idt i i
= +
}
dt
10
i dt c
10
6 6 2
10 ' 10 [(0, 2 0,18 ) ']' e i i i

= +
6 6 2 6 2
100.314.10 cos314 10 (0, 2 0,18 ) '' 0, 36.10 ( ') t i i i i i

= +
cos314 i A t = t
100.314.10 cos314 10 (0, 2 0,18 ) 0, 36.10 ( ) t i i i i i +
3 3
0, 0314cos (0, 9803 0, 0444 ) cos 0,133 cos3 t A A t A t e e e = + +
iu ho bc cao
1 1
0; 0
N M
k k
k k
u i
= =
= =

; ( )
R R R
u Ri u u i = =
d d d d
72
;

= =
L L
di d
u L u
dt dt
; = =
C C
du dq
i C i
dt dt
73
Cn bng iu ha (5)
( ) i
C
VD1
e(t) = 100sin314t (V); C = 1F; (i) = 0,2i 0,6i
3
.
e
C
d
e u
dt
= +
6
1
.
10
di
idt
i dt
c
= +
c
}
2
6
1
(0, 2 0,18 ) '
10
idt i i
= +
}
dt
10
i dt c
10
6 6 2
10 ' 10 [(0, 2 0,18 ) ']' e i i i

= +
6 6 2 6 2
100.314.10 cos314 10 (0, 2 0,18 ) '' 0, 36.10 ( ') t i i i i i

= +
cos314 i A t = t
100.314.10 cos314 10 (0, 2 0,18 ) 0, 36.10 ( ) t i i i i i +
3 3
0, 0314cos (0, 9803 0, 0444 ) cos 0,133 cos3 t A A t A t e e e = + +
iu ho bc cao
3
0, 0314cos (0, 9803 0, 0444 ) cos t A A t e e ~ +
74
3
0, 0314 0, 9803 0, 0444 A A = + 0, 032 A = 0, 032cos314 A i t =
Cn bng iu ho (6)
VD2
e(t) = E
m
sint (V); (i) = ai bi
3
.
( ) i
R
d
e Ri
dt
= + .
di
Ri
i dt
c
= +
c
' ) 3 (
2
i bi a Ri + =
e
2 3 3 2
[ 0, 75 ( )]cos [ 0, 75 ( )]sin e RA a B b A B B t RB a A b A AB t e e e e e e = + + + + + +
AB A b B A B b 3 i ) 3 ( 75 0 3 ) 3 ( 75 0
2 3 2 3
t B t A i e e sin cos + =
t
t AB A b t B A B b e e e e 3 sin ) 3 ( 75 , 0 3 cos ) 3 ( 75 , 0
2 3 2 3
+ +
2 3 3 2
[ 0, 75 ( )]cos [ 0, 75 ( )]sin RA a B b A B B t RB a A b A AB t e e e e e e ~ + + + + +
sin
m
E t e =
2 3
0, 75 ( ) 0 RA a B b A B B e e + + =
A
i i A B
75
3 2
0, 75 ( )
m
RB a A b A AB E e e

+ + =
B
cos sin i A t B t e e = +
Cn bng iu ho (7)
VD3
e(t) = E
m
sint (V); q(u) = au bu
3
.
( ) q u
R
( ) q
e
76
Ni dung
Gii thiu
Ch xc lp
Mch xoay chiu
Khi nim
Phng php th
Ch qu
77
Tuyn tnh iu ho (1)
B qua tnh to tn B qua tnh to tn
Ch quan tm n quan h hiu dng U(I), (I), Q(U)
Hoc quan h bin U (I ) (I ) Q (U ) Hoc quan h bin U
m
(I
m
),
m
(I
m
), Q
m
(U
m
)
Cc quan h c tnh phi tuyn
Coi p ng tng ng vi mt iu ho bc 1 tn s Coi p ng tng ng vi mt iu ho bc 1 tn s
Cch tnh: phc ho s sau dng cc phng php Cch tnh: phc ho s , sau dng cc phng php
th/d/lp
Cn gi l iu ha tng ng
78
Cn gi l iu ha tng ng
Tuyn tnh iu ho (2)
( ) U I
L
VD1
75 2 sin20 V; e t = L = 0,5H. Tnh dng in trong mch.
R L
U U E + =

e
(A)
, ( 10 ) 75?
R L R L
I U U j I E U U = = + =

(A) I
k
I
(k)
(A)
1
1
2
2
( )
(V)
k
R
U
( )
(V)
k
L
U
62
10 j
74
20 j
( )
(V)
k
E
( )
75 / 75 (%)
k
E
62,8
16, 3
76, 7
2, 2
79
(V) U
o
20
atan atan 15,1
74
L
R
U
U
= = =
o
2 2 sin(20 15,1 ) A i t =
Tuyn tnh iu ho (3)
R

VD2
3
150sin25 V; 40 ; ( ) 3 0, 5 ;
m m m m
e t R I I I = = O = +
( ) sin(25 )
m
t t u = +
e
Tnh dng in trong mch.
t
( )
( ) 25 cos(25 )
L m
d t
u t t
dt
u = = +
40 U I
m
I I =
t
40
R m
U I =
25
L m
U
o
90
R L
E U U = +

3 2 2
40 25(3 0 5 ) 150? I U I U I I E U U = = + = + =
1 1
0; 0
N M
k k
k k
u i
= =
= =

40 , 25(3 0, 5 ) 150?
m Rm m Lm m m m Rm Lm
I U I U I I E U U = = + = + =
k I
m
(k)
(A) U
Rm
(k)
(V) U
Lm
(k)
(V) E
m
(k)
(V)
( )
| 150 |
(%)
150
k
m
E
1 1 40 87 5 96 2 35 9
atan
Lm
R
U
U
=
; ( )
R R R
u Ri u u i = =
;

= =
L L
di d
u L u
dt dt 1 1 40 87, 5 96, 2 35, 9
2 2
80 250
3 1, 5 60 154 165, 9 10, 6
1 4 139 3 150 1 0 09
o
139, 3
atan 68,1
56
Rm
U
= =
dt dt
; = =
C C
du dq
i C i
dt dt
80
4
1, 4 56 139, 3 150,1 0, 09
o
1, 4sin(25 68,1 ) A i t =
Tuyn tnh iu ha (4)
2
30 20
220V; 314rad/s; 10 20 ; ; ?
20 50
j
E Z j I
j
e
(
= = = + O = O =
(

Z

Z

1
I
2
I
VD3
20 50 j

E
1
U
2
U
( ) 2 sin(314 ) q t Q t u = + t
( ) d
Q (mC) 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
U (V) 0 3 6 10 16 50 80
c tnh hiu dng ca t in phi tuyn
( )
314 2 cos(314 )
C
dq t
i
dt
Q t u
=
= +
314
C
I Q =
o
90 314 j Q =
1 1
(10 20) 220 j I U + + =

; 314
C C C
Q U U I j Q = =

1
50
C C
U I
I

=

1 1
0; 0
N M
k k
k k
u i
= =
= =

; ( )
R R R
u Ri u u i = =
2
1 1 2
30 20
20 50
C
U U
U I j I
U j I I
= +
= +

1
20
I
j
1 1
1
(10 20) (30 20 )
(40 20) 20
C
C
E j I I j I
j I j I
= + + +
= + +

; ( )
R R R
u Ri u u i = =
;

= =
L L
di d
u L u
dt dt
81
2 1 2
2
20 50
C
U j I I
I I
= +

1
(40 20) 20
C
j I j I + +
| | 220? E =
; = =
C C
du dq
i C i
dt dt
Tuyn tnh iu ha (5)
2
30 20
220V; 314rad/s; 10 20 ; ; ?
20 50
j
E Z j I
j
e
(
= = = + O = O =
(

Z

Z

1
I
2
I
VD3
20 50 j

E
1
U
2
U
; 314
C C C
Q U U I j Q = =

1
50
20
C C
U I
I
j

=

Q (mC) 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
U (V) 0 3 6 10 16 50 80
c tnh hiu dng ca t in phi tuyn
1
(40 20) 20
C
E j I j I = + +
| | 220? E =
1 0, 5 3
k
( )
| 220 |
(%)
220
k
m
E
( )
(mC)
k
Q
( )
(A)
k
C
I
( )
1
(A)
k
I
( )
(V)
k
E
( )
| |(V)
k
E
( )
(V)
k
C
U
0,16 j 0, 39 0,15 j + 21,84 1,85 j 21, 92
2 2 16
0 63 j 1 57 0 80 j + 91 36 0 60 j 91 36
2 2 16
0, 63 j 1, 57 0,80 j + 91, 36 0, 60 j 91, 36
3 2, 5 50
0, 79 j 1, 96 2, 50 j + 144, 2 60, 75 j + 156, 5 28, 9
4 3 80
0, 94 j 2, 36 4, 00 j + 193, 0 112, 9 j + 223, 6 1, 7
82
2
0, 94A I =
Tuyn tnh iu ho (6)
Tng i d
Ml hng s
Tng i d
Ch tm c iu ho bc 1
Cn bng iu ha: x(t) = Msint
Ml hng s
Cn bng iu ha: x(t) Msint
Tuyn tnh iu ho: x(t) = Nsint
Khc nhau? Khc nhau?
N = N(z)
83
Ni dung
Gii thiu
Ch xc lp
Mch xoay chiu
Khi nim
Phng php th
Ch qu
84
Tuyn tnh ha quanh im lm vic (1)
y
( ) i
R
e
( ) u u i R i = ~
A
B
e
( )
R tth
u u i R i = ~
( )
tth
i L i = ~
x
( )
tth

( )
tth
q q u C u = ~
0
tth
L
R
e
( ) y f x kx = ~
85
VD1
150sin250 V; 200 ; e t R = = O Tnh dng in trong mch.
R

e
max min
150 150
0, 75A; 0, 75A
200 200
i i

= = = =
(Wb)
0, 6
0, 4
0, 4H
h
L

= = =
tth
L
R
e
( )
tth
i L i = ~
(A) i
0
0, 2
0, 4
0, 4H
1
tth
L
i
150/ 2 E
I = =
1 2 3
200 250.0, 4
0, 42 0, 21 0, 47
tth
I
R j L j
j
e + +
= =
o
26, 6 A
86
o
0, 47 2 sin(250 26, 6 ) A i t =
VD2
100 5sin50 V; 0, 5H; e t L = + = Tnh dng in trong mch.
( ) u i L
e
( ) u i
100V
1, 4A
DC
I =
( ) u u i R i = ~
u (V)
200
105
35
3
AC
u
R
i
A
~ = = O
A
( )
R tth
u u i R i = ~
u
R
(i)
u
3 i A
AC
R
L
5sin50 V t
50
AC
AC
AC
E
I
R j L
=
+
i (A)
50
5/ 2
0, 067 0, 048
35 50.0, 5
AC
R j L
j
j
+
= =
+
87
0
i (A)
4
i
,
0, 082
j
=
o
35, 5 A
VD2
( ) u i L
e
( ) u i
100V 1, 4A
DC
I =
u (V)
200
DC
0, 082
AC
I =
o
35, 5 A
u
R
(i)
u
AC
R
L
5sin50 V t
i (A)
DC AC
i I i = +
88
0
i (A)
4
i
o
1, 4 0, 082 2 sin(50 35, 5 ) A t = +
VD3
60V; ( ) 2 sin314 ; 20 E e t t R = = = O
1 2
60V; ( ) 2 sin314 ; 20 E e t t R = = = O
0,0020 0,26 4 8 3
( ) 0, 96 1, 05 ; ( ) 10 0, 5.10
i i
i e e q u u u

= =
Tnh dng in trn cun cm & in p trn t in.
1
1
60
3A; 60V
20
LDC CDC
E
I U E
R
= = = = =
( ) i L i
( )
0,0020 0,26
3
0, 96.0, 002 1, 05.0, 26 0,13H
i i
tth
i
d
L e e
di

=
= = + =
( )
tth
i L i = ~
( )
3
3
i
i
di
=
=
d
( )
tth
q q u C u = ~
89
( )
4 8 2
60
60
10 3.0, 5.10 46 F
tth
u
u
dq
C u
du

=
=
= = =
VD3
60V; ( ) 2 sin314 ; 20 E e t t R = = = O
1 2
60V; ( ) 2 sin314 ; 20 E e t t R = = = O
0,0020 0,26 4 8 3
( ) 0, 96 1, 05 ; ( ) 10 0, 5.10
i i
i e e q u u u

= =
E
1
R
j C e
3A; 60V; 0,13H; 46 F
LDC CDC tth tth
I U L C = = = =
2
0, 025
1
1
LAC
tth
tth
E
I
R
j C
j L
e
e
= =
+
o
62, 6 A; 1
1
tth
CAC LAC
tth
j C
U I
R
j C
e
e
= =
+

o
0 V
1
tth
tth
j
R
j C e
+
o
( ) ( ) 3 0 025 2 sin(314 62 6 ) A i t I i t t = + = +
90
( ) ( ) 3 0, 025 2 sin(314 62, 6 ) A
( ) ( ) 60 2 sin314 V
L LDC LAC
C CDC CAC
i t I i t t
u t U u t t
= + = +
= + = +
Tuyn tnh ha quanh im lm vic (7) Tuyn tnh ha quanh im lm vic (7)
VD4
60V
e = 60 + sin100t V; R
1
= 20 ; C = 0,8 mF.
I (A) 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
U (V) 0 3 6 10 16 30 80
20i + u
2
(i) = 60
60V
i 20i, u
2
(i) 20i + u
2
(i) = 60?
k i
(k)
(A) 20i
(k)
(V)
(k)
(V)
(k)
20i
(k) (k)
(V)
( )
60 / 60 (%)
k
k i
(k)
(A) 20i
(k)
(V) u
2
(k)
(V) e
(k)
= 20i
(k)
+ u
2
(k)
(V)
( )
60 / 60 (%)
k
e
1 0, 5 10 3 13 78
2
2 40 16 56 6, 67 ,
3 2, 5
50 30 80 33, 33
2 2, 5 56.2, 5 80.2
0, 021 0, 83 i e e

= + = +
91
0, 021 0, 83
56 80 56 80
i e e + +

0, 021.60 0, 83 2, 08A
DC
i = + =
VD4
e = 60 + sin100t V; R
1
= 20 ; C = 0,8 mF.
I (A) 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
U (V) 0 3 6 10 16 30 80
30 16
2, 08A
DC
i =
2
30 16
28
2, 5 2
tth
R

= = O
3
1
28
1/ 2
100.80.10
AC
E
j
U Z

sin100 V t
2tth
R
2 2
1 2
3 3
3
100.80.10
.
1 1
28 28
100.80.10 100.80.10
20
1
28
100 80 10
AC
AC R C
R C
j
U Z
R Z
j j
j

= =
+
+
+
+
sin100 V t
3
100.80.10
0, 22 0, 21V
j
j =
2
0, 22 0, 21
0, 011
28
AC
AC
U j
I
R

= = =
o
42, 7 A
92
2
,
28
AC
tth
R
,
o
2
2, 08 0, 011 2 sin(100 42, 7 ) A
DC AC
i i i t = + = +
VD5
( ) u i L
e
u (V)
200
u
R
(i)
i (A)
93
0
i (A)
4
Ni dung
Gii thiu
Ch xc lp
Mch xoay chiu
Khi nim
Phng php th
Ch qu
94
Tuyn tnh ha tng on (1)
R

e
(Wb)
0, 6
(A) i
0
0, 2
0, 4
L
R
h
L
R
1 2 3
L
R
e
xanh
L
R
e
95
VD
150sin250 V; 50 ; = = O e t R Tnh dng in trong mch.
R

e
max min
150 150
3A; 3A
50 50
< = > = i i
0 4 A
(Wb)
0, 6
0, 4
0, 4H
1
L
i
A
= = =
A
L
R
e
(A) i
0
0, 2
0, 4
0 2 A
o
150
1, 34sin(250 63, 4 ) A
50 250.0, 4

I i t
j
= =
+
1 2 3
xanh
L
R
e
0, 2
0,1H
2
xanh
L
i
A
= = =
A
96
o
150
2, 68sin(250 26, 6 ) A
50 250.0,1
xanh xanh
I i t
j
= =
+

VD
R

e
0, 4H
50O
o
1, 34sin(250 63, 4 ) A
i t =
(Wb)
0, 6
e
0 1H
(A) i
0
0, 2
0, 4
0,1H
50O
e
o
2, 68sin(250 26, 6 ) A
xanh
i t =
1 2 3
o
1: 1, 34sin(250 63, 4 ) A i i t
< =

97
o
1 3: 2, 68sin(250 26, 6 ) A i i t
< < =

VD
R

e 2
3
(Wb)
0, 6
0
1
(A) i
0
0, 2
0, 4
3
-2
-1
1 2 3
o
1: 1, 34sin(250 63, 4 ) A i i t
< =
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-3
98
o
1 3: 2, 68sin(250 26, 6 ) A i i t
< < =
Ni dung
Gii thiu
Ch xc lp
Mch xoay chiu
Khi nim
Phng php th
Ch qu
99
VD
Phng php th
y(x)
?
VD
y y
0
x
t
0
100
t
Ni dung
Gii thiu
Ch xc lp
Ch Ch qu
Khi nim
Phng php tuyn tnh ho s hng phi tuyn nh
Phng php tuyn tnh ho quanh im lm vic
Phng php tuyn tnh ho tng on
Phng php tham s b
Phng php sai phn
Khng gian trng thi
101
p y g y
Khi nim
Qu trnh qu trong mch in phi tuyn Q q g p y
Phng php:
Tuyn tnh ho s hng phi tuyn nh
Tuyn tnh ho quanh im lm vic
Tuyn tnh ho tng on
Tham s b Tham s b
Sai phn
102
Tuyn tnh ho s hng phi tuyn nh (1)
Nh: gi tr & nh hng nh so vi cc s hng khc Nh: gi tr & nh hng nh so vi cc s hng khc
trong phng trnh
Thng p dng: phng trnh cp 1 c 2 bin & 2 bin g p g p g p
c quan h phi tuyn:
F
1
(x) + F
2
(y) = M; y = f(x)
c thay bng F
1
(x) + F
2
[kx] = M
nu F
2
nh so vi F
1
103
nu F
2
nh so vi F
1
(Wb)
2
(i)
E = 120 V;
VD
2
( )
E
DC
= 120 V;
R = 120 ;
i =?
d
F ( ) + F [ ( )] M F ( ) + F (k ) M
DC
d
Ri E
dt
+
+ =
0
i (A)
8
F
1
(x) + F
2
[y(x)] = M F
1
(x) + F
2
(kx) = M
( ) d i
Ri E
+
+ =
( ) d ki
Ri E + =
DC
Ri E
dt
+ =
DC
Ri E
dt
+ =
d+ d+
?
dt
d+
So snh Ri &
104
( )
DC
d
Ri E
dt

+
+ =
DC
d
Rk E
dt
+
+ + =
(Wb)
2
(i)
E = 120 V;
VD
2
( )
d+
E
DC
= 120 V;
R = 120 ;
i =?

d+
DC
d
Ri E
dt
+
+ =
Cn so snh Ri & tuyn tnh ho
dt
d+
0
i (A)
8
120
1A
DC
xl
U
i = = =
dng tng t 0 1 A
120
xl
R
dt
d+
dt
di
L
dt
di
i dt
di
i dt
d
tth
=
A
A+
~
c
+ c
=
+
. .
dng tng t 0 1 A
1, 3
1, 3H
1
tth
L = =
nh hng ca
105
O =120 R
dt dt i dt i dt A c
nh so vi Ri
(Wb)
2
(i)
E = 120 V;
VD
2
( )
d+
E
DC
= 120 V;
R = 120 ;
i =?
DC
d
Ri E
dt
+
+ =
d+
h h h i Ri
0
i (A)
8
( )
tth
DC
d L i
Ri E
dt
+ =
dt
nh hng ca nh so vi Ri
( )
DC
d i
Ri E
dt
+
+ =
120
) 3 , 1 (
120 = +
dt
i d
i
p
i p pI p I
120
) 0 ( 3 , 1 ) ( 3 , 1 ) ( 120 = +
DC
dt
DC
dt
106
) 120 3 , 1 (
120
) (
+
=
p p
p I
92,31
( ) 1 A
t
i t e
=
Ni dung
Gii thiu
Ch xc lp
Ch Ch qu
Khi nim
Phng php tham s b
Phng php sai phn
Khng gian trng thi
107
p y g y
( ) i
R
e
t = 0
y
( ) u u i R i = ~
e
A
B
( )
R tth
u u i R i = ~
( )
tth
i L i = ~
x
( )
tth

( )
tth
q q u C u = ~
tth
L
R
e
t = 0
0
( ) y f x kx = ~
108
VD1
150 V (DC); 200 ; e R = = O
( ) i
R
t = 0
max min
150
0, 75A; 0A
200
i i = = =
( ) i
R
e
(Wb)
0, 6
0, 4
0, 4H
1
tth
L
i
A
= = =
A
tth
pL
R
( ) E p
150
(A) i
0
0, 2
0, 4
( ) p
150
( )
( )
200 0, 4
tth
E p
p
I p
R pL p
= =
+ +
1 2 3
375
A
( 500) p p
=
+
109
500
( ) 0, 75(1 ) A
t
i t e
=
VD2
5V
( ) u i
100V
100V
1, 4A I =
105
35
u
R
A
O
t = 0
100V
0, 25H
u (V)
200
5V
35
3
R
i
~ = = O
A
5/
( )
p
I p =
u
R
(i)
u
35O
0, 25p
5
V
p
5V
( )
0, 25 35
20
A
( 140)
I p
p
=
+
=
i (A)
( 140) p p +
140
5V
( ) 0,14(1 ) A
t
i t e
=
110
0
i (A)
4
i
140
100V 5V
( ) 1, 4 0,14(1 ) A
t
i i i t e
= + = +
VD3
5sin50 V t
( ) u i
100V
1, 4A
DC
I =
105 u A
t = 0
100V
0, 25H
u (V)
200
105
35
3
AC
u
R
i
A
~ = = O
A
0, 25p
12500
u
R
(i)
u
35
2
12500
V
2500 p +
2
2500
( )
0, 25 35
50000
AC
p
I p
p
+
=
+
i (A)
2
50000
A
( 2500)( 140) p p
=
+ +
140 o
( ) 2, 26 6, 73sin(50 19, 7 ) A
t
AC
i t e t
= +
111
0
i (A)
4
i
( ) , 6 6, 73s (50 9, 7 )
AC
i t e t
140 o
( ) 1, 4 2, 26 6, 73sin(50 19, 7 ) A
t
i t e t
=
Tuyn tnh ho quanh im lm vic (5)
VD4
60V; ( ) 2 sin314 ; 20 E e t t R = = = O
1 2
60V; ( ) 2 sin314 ; 20 E e t t R = = = O
0,0020 0,26 4 8 3
( ) 0, 96 1, 05 ; ( ) 10 0, 5.10
i i
i e e q u u u

= =
1
1
60
3A; 60V
20
LDC CDC
E
I U E
R
= = = = =
20 R
( )
0,0020 0,26
3
0, 96.0, 002 1, 05.0, 26 0,13H
i i
tth
d
L e e
di

= = + =
( )
3
3
tth
i
i
di
=
=
( )
4 8 2
10 3 0 5 10 46 F
dq
C u

= = =
112
( )
60
60
10 3.0, 5.10 46 F
tth
u
u
C u
du

=
=
= = =
Tuyn tnh ho quanh im lm vic (6)
VD4
60V; ( ) 2 sin314 ; 20 E e t t R = = = O
1 2
60V; ( ) 2 sin314 ; 20 E e t t R = = = O
0,0020 0,26 4 8 3
( ) 0, 96 1, 05 ; ( ) 10 0, 5.10
i i
i e e q u u u

= =
0,13H
tth
L = 46 F
tth
C =
( ); ( )
LAC CAC
i t u t
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
L LDC LAC
C CDC CAC
i t I i t
u t U u t
= +
= +
113
VD5
60V
1
e
2
e
e
1
= 60V; e
2
= 5e
100t
V; R
1
= 20 ;
C = 0 8 mF Tnh in p ca t in
I (A) 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
U (V) 0 3 6 10 16 30 80
20i + u
2
(i) = 60
60V
C = 0,8 mF. Tnh in p ca t in.
i 20i, u
2
(i) 20i + u
2
(i) = 60?
k i
(k)
(A) 20i
(k)
(V)
(k)
(V)
(k)
20i
(k) (k)
(V)
( )
60 / 60 (%)
k
k i
(k)
(A) 20i
(k)
(V) u
2
(k)
(V) e
(k)
= 20i
(k)
+ u
2
(k)
(V)
( )
60 / 60 (%)
k
e
1 0, 5 10 3 13 78
2
2 40 16 56 6, 67 ,
3 2, 5
50 30 80 33, 33
2 2, 5 56.2, 5 80.2
0, 021 0, 83 i e e

= + = +
114
, ,
56 80 56 80
0, 021.60 0, 83 2, 08A
DC
i = + =
1 1
60 20.2, 08 18, 4V
CDC
u e R i = = =
VD5
e
1
= 60V; e
2
= 5e
100t
V; R
1
= 20 ;
C = 0 8 mF Tnh in p ca t in
1
e
2
e
I (A) 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
U (V) 0 3 6 10 16 30 80
30 16
2, 08A; 18, 40V
DC CDC
i u = =
C = 0,8 mF. Tnh in p ca t in.
2
30 16
28
2, 5 2
tth
R

= = O
2
1 5
28
( ) 0, 08 100
( )
E p p p
U p Z
+
= =
2 2
1 2
( ) .
1 1
28 28
0, 08 0, 08
20
1
28
0 08
Ce R C
R C
U p Z
R Z
p p
p
= =
+
+
+
+
5
V
100
2tth
R
1
C
0, 08
3,125
V
( 1, 07)( 100)
p
p p
=
+ +
100 p + Cp
115
1,07 100
2
0, 032( ) V
t t
Ce
u e e

=
1,07 100
2
18, 40 0, 032( ) V
t t
C CDC Ce
u u u e e

= + = +
VD6
100sin50 V t
t = 0
100V
0, 25H
u (V)
200
u
R
(i)
i (A)
116
0
i (A)
4
Ni dung
Gii thiu
Ch xc lp
Ch Ch qu
Khi nim
Phng php tham s b
Phng php sai phn
Khng gian trng thi
117
p y g y
(Wb)
0, 6
( ) i
R
t = 0
(A) i
0
0, 2
0, 4
( )
e
1 2 3
L
R
L
R
L
R
e
xanh
L
R
e
118
VD1
150V; 50 ; = = O e R Tnh dng in trong mch.
R
max min
150
3A; 0A
50
i i = = =
0, 4
0 1: 0 4H i L
A
< < = = =
R
e
(Wb)
0, 6
0 1: 0, 4H
1
i L
i
< < = = =
A
0, 4H
R
(A) i
0
0, 2
0, 4
0 2 A
e
1 2 3
0, 2
1: 0,1H
2
xanh
i L
i
A
> = = =
A
0 1H
R
119
0,1H
R
e
VD1
R
0, 4H
R
e
( 0) 0A = i
150 /
( ) A
0 4 50
p
I p
p
=
+
R
e
(Wb)
0, 6
0, 4 50 p +
0, 4p
50
125
( ) 3 3 A
t
i t e
=
*
* 125
( ) 3 3 1
t
i
(A) i
0
0, 2
0, 4
, p
50
150
0 4 0
( )
I p
* 125
( ) 3 3 1
t
i t e
= =
*
3, 2 ms t =
1 2 3
p
0, 4 0
(A) i
1
120
(ms) t
0
3, 2
VD1
R
0,1H
R
e
( 0) 1A = i
150 / 0,1
( ) A
0 1 50
xanh
p
I p
p
+
=
+
R
e
(Wb)
0, 6
0,1 50 p +
0,1p
50
500
( ) 3 2 A
t
xanh
i t e
=
(A) i
0
0, 2
0, 4
, p
50
150
0 1 1
( )
xanh
I p
1 2 3
p
0,1 1
(A) i
1
121
(ms) t
0
3, 2
VD1
R
0,1H
R
e
0, 4H
R
e
R
e
(Wb)
0, 6
125
( ) 3 3 A
t
i t e
=
500
( ) 3 2 A
t
xanh
i t e
=
(A) i
0
0, 2
0, 4
125
500
0 3, 2ms: ( ) 3 3 A
3, 2ms : ( ) 3 2 A
t
t
t i t e
t i t e
< < =

> =
1 2 3
(A) i
1
122
(ms) t
0
3, 2
Tuyn tnh ho tng on (6)
u (V)
200
u
R
(i)
U
DC
= 175 V;
L
R
t = 0
VD2
200
R
( )
175V 8A U i
175
L = 0,1H;
Tnh dng qu ?
L
R
DC
U
t 0
120
150
0, 8
u
R
i
A
~ = = O
A

175V 8A
DC xl
U i = = dng tng t 0 8 A
,
25
27, 78
luc
luc
u
R
A
~ = = O
0
i (A)
8
i
*
o
i
*
lc
27, 78
0, 9
luc
luc
R
i
O
A
33 A
8
i A
i
*
lc
123
33
5, 24
6, 3
l
l
l
u
R
i
A
~ = = O
A

t
0
i
*
o
t
*
o
t
*
lc
u (V)
200
u
R
(i)
U
DC
= 175 V;
L
R
t = 0
VD2
200
R
( )
175
L = 0,1H;
Tnh dng qu ?
L
R
DC
U
t 0
120
150
0, 8
u
R
i
A
~ = = O
A

175/
( ) A
p
I p
0
i (A)
8
i
*
o
i
*
lc
( ) A
150 0,1
=
+
p
I p
p
1500
( ) 1,17(1 ) A

=
t
i t e
8
i A
i
*
lc
*
1500 *
1,17(1 )
i e
*
0 8(A) i =
*
0, 77ms
t =

124
t
0
i
*
o
t
*
o
t
*
lc
0, 8(A)
i =

u (V)
200
u
R
(i)
U
DC
= 175 V;
L
R
t = 0
VD2
200
R
( )
175
L = 0,1H;
Tnh dng qu ?
L
R
DC
U
t 0
25
27, 78
0, 9
luc
luc
luc
u
R
i
A
~ = = O
A

( 0) 0,8A =
l
i
175/ 0,1 0,8
( ) A
27, 78 0,1
+
=
+
luc
p
I p
p
0
i (A)
8
i
*
o
i
*
lc
( 0) 0,8A
luc
i
8
i A
i
*
lc
277,8
( ) 3 2, 2 A
t
luc
i t e
277,8 *
3 2, 2
luc
t
luc
i e
A
=
*
1 7A i
1, 89ms
luc
t A =

125
t
0
i
*
do
t
*
o
t
*
lc
1, 7A
luc
i =
* *
0, 77 1, 89 2, 66 ms
luc luc
t t t = + A = + =


u (V)
200
u
R
(i)
U
DC
= 175 V;
L
R
t = 0
VD2
200
R
( )
175
L = 0,1H;
Tnh dng qu ?
L
R
DC
U
t 0
( 0) 1 7A i
33
5, 24
6, 3
l
l
l
u
R
i
A
~ = = O
A

175/ 0,1 1, 7
( ) A
5 24 0 1
+
=
+
l
p
I p
p
0
i (A)
8
i
*
o
i
*
lc
( 0) 1, 7A
=
l
i
5, 24 0,1 + p
8
i A
i
*
lc
52,4
( ) 8 6, 3 A

=
t
l
i t e
126
t
0
i
*
o
t
*
o
t
*
lc
8
i A
U
DC
= 175 V;
L
R
t = 0
VD2
t
0
i
*
do
t
*
i
*
lc
t
*
L = 0,1H;
Tnh dng qu ?
L
R
DC
U
t 0
*
0 0, 77ms
t t s < =
* *
0
t
o
t
lc
1500
( ) 1,17(1 ) A
t
i t e
277 8t
52,4
( ) 8 6, 3 A
t
l
i t e
* *
0, 77ms 2, 66ms
luc
t t t = s < =
277,8
( ) 3 2, 2 A
t
luc
i t e
*
2, 66ms
luc
t t > =
? ) ( ? ) ( = t i
*
[1( ) 1( )] ( )

t t t i t

* *
[1( ) 1( )] ( )
luc luc
t t t t i t + +

= ) (t i
127
*
1( ) ( )
luc l
t t i t +

u (V)
200
U
R
(I)
e(t) = 150sin100t V;
VD3
L
R
t = 0
200
R
( )
L = 0,1H;
i =?
150
L
R
( ) e t
t 0
2 2 2
m Rm Lm
E U U = +
2 2 2
) 1 , 0 . 100 ( ) ( 150
xl m xl m Rm
I I U

+ =
2 2
) ( ) (
xl m xl m Rm
LI I U

+ = e
0
i (A)
8
2A
m xl
I

=
2 2 2
100 ) ( 150
xl m xl m Rm
I I U

+ =
Gi tr tc thi ca dng in bin thin gia 0 & 2 A
120
150
u
R
A
~ O
25
27 78
luc
u
R
A
~ O
33
5 24
l
u
R
A
~ O

128
150
0, 8
R
i
~ = = O
A

27, 78
0, 9
luc
luc
R
i
~ = = O
A

5, 24
6, 3
l
l
l
R
i
~ = = O
A


u (V)
200
e(t) = 150sin100t V;
U
R
(I)
VD3
L
R
t = 0
200
L = 0,1H;
i =?
150
R
( )
L
R
( ) e t
t 0
xl td
i i i

= +

1500
150
exp( ) exp( )
t
o
R
i A t A t Ae
= = =
120
150
0, 8
o
o
o
u
R
i
A
~ = = O
A
0
i (A)
8
exp( ) exp( )
0,1
td
i A t A t Ae
L
= = =
150
0, 71
2(150 100.0,1)
xl
o
E
I
R j L
j
e
= = =
+
+
0
3, 81 A
i
*
o
067 , 0 = A
0
0, 71 2 sin(100 3, 81 ) A
xl
i t
0
(0) 0, 71 2 sin( 3, 81 ) 0
i A = + =
0 1500
( ) 0, 71 2 sin(100 3, 81 ) 0, 067 A
t
i t t e
= +

129
*
1500 * * 0
0, 71 2 sin(100 3,81 ) 0, 067

t

i t e
= +

*
9, 95ms
t =
8 , 0 =
u (V)
200
e(t) = 150sin100t V;
u
R
(i)
VD3
L
R
t = 0
200
L = 0,1H;
i =?
150
R
( )
L
R
( ) e t
t 0
0
i (A)
8
130
Ni dung
Gii thiu
Ch xc lp
Ch Ch qu
Khi nim
Phng php tham s b
Phng php sai phn
Khng gian trng thi
131
p y g y
Tham s b (1)
Thng s nh/nhiu lon g
Phng trnh m t mch: F(x, x, , , t) = 0 (1)
c nghim: x = x(t, )
Gi s rng nghim x c th khai trin thnh:
x(t, ) = x
0
(t) + x
1
(t) + x
2
(t)
2
+
Thay nghim khai trin vo (1), rt ra c:
0 ,...) , , , , , ( ,...) , , , , , ( ,...) , , , , , (
'
2
'
1
'
0 2 1 0 2
2 '
2
'
1
'
0 2 1 0 1
'
2
'
1
'
0 2 1 0 0
= + + x x x x x x F x x x x x x F x x x x x x F
) 2 ( 0 ,...) , , , , , (
0 ,...) , , , , , (
'
2
'
1
'
0 2 1 0 1
'
2
'
1
'
0 2 1 0 0
=
=
x x x x x x F
x x x x x x F
132
0 ,...) , , , , , (
'
2
'
1
'
0 2 1 0 2
= x x x x x x F
Tham s b (2)
F(x, x, , , t) = 0 (1) ( , , , , ) ( )
x(t, ) = x
0
(t) + x
1
(t) + x
2
(t)
2
+
0 ,...) , , , , , (
'
2
'
1
'
0 2 1 0 0
= x x x x x x F
) 2 (
0 ) (
0 ,...) , , , , , (
, ) , , , , , (
'
2
'
1
'
0 2 1 0 2
'
2
'
1
'
0 2 1 0 1
2 1 0 2 1 0 0
=
=
x x x x x x F
x x x x x x F
Nu (2) gii kh hn (1) th khng dng phng php ny
(2) d gii hn (1) th (1) nn c dng:
0 ,...) , , , , , (
2 1 0 2 1 0 2
x x x x x x F
(2) d gii hn (1) th (1) nn c dng:
H
0
(x, t) + H
1
(x, , t) = 0
Cc s hng gy kh khn cho tnh ton thng vo H
1
133
Cc s hng gy kh khn cho tnh ton thng vo H
1
c th l thng s tht hoc gi (phi vt l)
Tham s b (3)
u
d
Ri =
+
+ u
di
Ri =
+ c
+
U
DC
= 120 V;
( ) i
t = 0
VD
u
dt
Ri = + u
dt i
Ri =
c
+ .
R = 250 ;
(i) = 2i 3,75i
3
i =?
120 ' ) 25 , 11 2 ( 250
2
= + i i i
( ) i
R
DC
U
t = 0
120 ' 25 , 11 ' 2 250
2
= + i i i i
25 , 11 =
120 ' ' 2 250
2
= + i i i i
2
t
) ( ) (
1 0
t i t i i + =
' 120 ' 2 250
2
i i i i = +
t
+ + + ) 2 250 ( ) 120 2 250 (
'
0
2
0
'
1 1
'
0 0
i i i i i i
0 ) 2 ( ) 2 (
'
1
2
1
4 '
0
2
1
'
1 1 0
3 '
1
2
0
'
0 1 0
2
= + + i i i i i i i i i i i i
134
Tham s b (4)
U
DC
= 120 V;
( ) i
t = 0
VD
R = 250 ;
(i) = 2i 3,75i
3
i =?
( ) i
R
DC
U
t = 0
0 120 2 250
'
+ i i
) 2 250 ( ) 120 2 250 (
'
0
2
0
'
1 1
'
0 0
i i i i i i + + + 0 ) 2 ( ) 2 (
'
1
2
1
4 '
0
2
1
'
1 1 0
3 '
1
2
0
'
0 1 0
2
= + + i i i i i i i i i i i i
) 0 ( 2
120
) 1 (
0 2 250
0 120 2 250
'
0
2
0
'
1 1
0 0
= +
= +
i i i i
i i
) 125 (
60
250 2
) 0 ( 2
120
) (
0
0
+
=
+
+
=
p p p
i
p
p I
0
120
) 0 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 250 ) 1 (
0 0 0
= +
p
i p pI p I a
135
125
0
( ) 0, 48(1 ) A
t
i t e
=
Tham s b (5)
U
DC
= 120 V;
) 1 (
0 120 2 250
'
0 0
= + i i
( ) i
t = 0
VD
R = 250 ;
(i) = 2i 3,75i
3
i =?
125
0
(1 ) ( ) 0, 48(1 ) A
t
a i t e
=
) 1 (
0 2 250
'
0
2
0
'
1 1
= + i i i i
( ) i
R
DC
U
t = 0
0 60 )] 1 ( 48 , 0 [ 2 250 ) 1 (
125 2 125 '
1 1
= +
t t
e e i i b
0 ) 2 ( 824 , 13 2 250
375 250 125 '
1 1
= + +
t t t
e e e i i
| |
+
+
+
+ 375
1
250
2
125
1
p p p
1 1 1
1 2 1
250 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( 0) 13, 824 0
125 250 375
I p pI p i
p p p
| |
+ + =
|
+ + +
\ .
=
+
+ + +
=
250 2
375 250 125
824 , 13 ) (
1
p
p p p
p I
2
1 2 1
6, 912
( 125)( 250) ( 125)( 375)
( 125)
p p p p
p
(
= +
(
+ + + +
+

136
125 125 250 375
1
( ) 6, 912( 0, 012 0, 016 0, 004 ) A
t t t t
i t te e e e

= +
( )( ) ( )( )
( )
p p p p
p

Tham s b (6)
U
DC
= 120 V;
( ) i
t = 0
VD
R = 250 ;
(i) = 2i 3,75i
3
i =?
( ) i
R
DC
U
t = 0
125
0
( ) 0, 48(1 ) A
t
i t e
=
) ( ) (
1 0
t i t i i + =
125 125 250 375
1
( ) 6, 912( 0, 012 0, 016 0, 004 ) A
t t t t
i t te e e e

= +
125 125 125 250 375
( ) 0, 48(1 ) 6, 912( 0, 012 0, 016 0, 004 ) A
t t t t t
i t e te e e e

= + +
25 , 11 =
125 125 125 250 375
( ) 0, 48(1 ) 11, 25.6, 912( 0, 012 0, 016 0, 004 ) A
t t t t t
i t e te e e e

= + +
137
125 250 375
0, 48 (77, 76 1, 41) 1, 24 0, 31 A
t t t
t e e e

= + +
Tham s b (7)
125 250 375
( ) 0, 48 (77, 76 1, 41) 1, 24 0, 31 A
t t t
i t t e e e

= + +
VD
0.5
( ) 0, 48 (77, 76 1, 41) 1, 24 0, 31 A i t t e e e + +
0 3
0.4
0.2
0.3
i

(
A
)
0.1
138
0 20 40 60 80 100
0
t (ms)
Ni dung
Gii thiu
Ch xc lp
Ch Ch qu
Khi nim
Phng php tham s b
Phng php sai phn
Khng gian trng thi
139
p y g y
Sai phn (1)
Coi nh phng php tng qut cho nghim gn ng Coi nh phng php tng qut cho nghim gn ng
dng dy s ri rc
Xc nh nghim cc im thi gian gin on g g g
Xp x vi phn dy thnh sai phn y: dy y
bin (h) phng trnh vi phn thnh (h) phng bin (h) phng trnh vi phn thnh (h) phng
trnh sai phn gn ng
C th p dng cho c tuyn tnh & phi tuyn C p d g c o c uy & p uy
140
Sai phn (2)
Xp x vi phn dy thnh sai phn y: dy y Xp x vi phn dy thnh sai phn y: dy y
y
dy y y dy
dx
y
x
y
x
y
k+1
y
k
x
y
0
x
x
k
x
k+1
y
k
x
141
x
k
x
k+1
Sai phn (3)
1 1 1
; ;
k k k k k k k k
dy y di i i i i i du u u
d dt t t t h dt h
+ + +
A A
~ ~ = = ~
A A
1 k k
dx x dt t t t h dt h
+
A A
Tuyn tnh ho quanh im lm vic
Tuyn tnh ho tng on
Sai phn
y y
y
k+1
y
y
k+2
y
k+1
y
k
x
y
k
y
*
x
y
x
142
0
x
x
k
x
k+1
0
x
x
*
x
k+2
Sai phn (4)
VD1
( ) i
R
t = 0
e = 24V (DC); R = 60 ; (i) = 1,75i 2,8i
3
; bc sai phn h = 2ms.
Tnh dng in qu trong mch?
60 24
d d
Ri e i
dt dt
+ +
+ = + =
60 . 24
di
i
i dt
c+
+ =
c
e
2
60 (1, 75 8, 4 ) ' 24 i i i + =
2
60 (1, 75 8, 4 ) ' 24
k k k
i i i + =
24 60
k
i
1
2
24 60
0, 002 1, 75 8, 4
k k k
k
i i i
i
+

=
'
1 k k
i i
2
24 60
'
1, 75 8, 4
k
k
k
i
i
i
=
24 60
0 002
k
i
i i

k
'
1
0, 002
k k
k
i i
i
+
=
143
1
2
0, 002
1, 75 8, 4
k
k k
k
i i
i
+
= +
Sai phn (5)

VD1
( ) i
R
t = 0
e = 24V (DC); R = 60 ; (i) = 1,75i 2,8i
3
1
2
24 60
0, 002
1, 75 8, 4
k
k k
k
d i
Ri e i i
dt i
+
+
+ = = +
e
k
1
2
24 60.0
0 0, 002 0, 0274A
1, 75 8, 4.0
i

= + =
0
0 i =
0
1 0
2
0
24 60
0, 002
1, 75 8, 4
i
i i
i
= +
0
1
2 1
2 2
1
24 60 24 60.0, 0274
0, 002 0, 0274 0, 002 0, 0530A
1, 75 8, 4 1, 75 8, 4.0, 0274
i
i i
i

= + = + =

24 60 24 60 0 0530 i
k
0 1 2
2
3 2
2 2
2
24 60 24 60.0, 0530
0, 002 0, 0530 0, 002 0, 0771A
1, 75 8, 4 1, 75 8, 4.0, 0530
i
i i
i

= + = + =

3
144
i
k
(A) 0 0, 0274 0, 0530 0, 0771
Sai phn (6)
VD1
( ) i
R
t = 0
e = 24V (DC); R = 60 ; (i) = 1,75i 2,8i
3
1
2
24 60
0, 002
1, 75 8, 4
k
k k
k
d i
Ri e i i
dt i
+
+
+ = = +
e
k
N = 200; %so diem tinh toan
h = 0.05; %buoc tinh
U = 24; %nguon
R = 60; %dien tro R = 60; %dien tro
a = 1.75;
b = 2.8;
dong=[]; %dong dien can tinh
dong(1)= 0; %so kien g
for k=2:N
buff1 = dong(k-1);
buff2 = buff1 + (U*h - R*h*buff1)/(a - 3*b*buff1^2);
dong=[dong;buff2];
145
end
plot(dong);
Sai phn (7)
( ) q u
R
t = 0
4 8 3
60V(DC); 20 ; ( ) 10 0, 5.10 ; e R q u u u

= = O =
B i h 1 T h i t t i
VD2
e
Bc sai phn 1ms. Tnh in p trn t in.
20 60 Ri u e i u + = + = 20 60
dq
u
dt
+ =
20 . 60
q du
u
u dt
c
+ =
c
4 8 2
20(10 1, 5.10 ) ' 60 u u u

+ =
4 8 2
20(10 1 5 10 ) ' 60 u u u

+ =
60
'
k
u
u

=
20(10 1, 5.10 ) 60
k k k
u u u + =
4 8 2
20(10 1, 5.10 )
k
k
u
u

=
1
'
0, 001
k k
k
u u
u
+

=
k (V)
k
u
0 0
0, 001
1
4 8 2
60
0, 001 20(10 1, 5.10 )
k k k
k
u u u
u
+

=
0 001(60 )
0 0
0
1 0
4 8 2
0
0, 001(60 )
20(10 1, 5.10 )
u
u u
u

= +
1
30, 00
1
0, 001(60 ) u
2
47 34
146
1
4 8 2
0, 001(60 )
20(10 1, 5.10 )
k
k k
k
u
u u
u
+

= +
1
2 1
4 8 2
1
0, 00 (60 )
20(10 1, 5.10 )
u
u u
u

= +
2
47, 34
Sai phn (8)
x x x
x
k k k
k

=
A
~
+1
'
h t
x
k
A
h
x x
h
x
dt
dx
dt
x d
x
k k k k k
k
' '
1
' '
2
2
' '

=
A
~ = =
+
x x x A
h
x x
h
x x
k k k k

+ + + 1 1 2
h
x x
t
x
x
k k k
k

=
A
A
~
+1
'
x x x
x
k k k 1 2 1
'
+ + +

=
A
~
h
h h
x
k
~
' '
h t
x
k 1 +
=
A
~
1 2
' '
2 x x x
x
k k k
+
~
+ +
147
2
1 2
h
x
k k k
k
~
+ +
Sai phn (9)
x x x dx x d
k k k k k
' ' ' '
1
' ' ' ' 3
) 3 (
A
+
h h dt dt
x
k k k k k
k
1
3
) 3 (
= ~ = =
+
2
1 2
' '
2
h
x x x
x
k k k
k
+
~
+ +
2
h
2
1 2 3
' '
1
2
h
x x x
x
k k k
k
+ + +
+
+
~
h
x x x
h
x x x
x
k k k k k k
k
2
1 2
2
1 2 3
) 3 (
2 2 +
+
~
+ + + + +
h
x
k
3
1 2 3
3 3
h
x x x x
k k k k
+
=
+ + +
148
3
h
Sai phn (10)
h
x x
x
k k
k

~
+1
'
1 2
' '
2 x x x
k k k
+
+ +
2
1 2
h
x
k k k
k
~
+ +
3
1 2 3
) 3 (
3 3
h
x x x x
x
k k k k
k
+
~
+ + +
149
3
h
k
Sai phn (11)
VD3
e = 24V (DC); R = 60 ; (i) = 1,75i 2,8i
3
; C = 25 F;
bc sai phn h = 2ms Tnh dng in qu trong mch?
( ) i
R
t = 0
60 24
d
i u
dt
+
+ + =
60 . 24
di
i u
i dt
c+
+ + =
c
bc sai phn h 2ms. Tnh dng in qu trong mch?
e C
2
60 (1, 75 8, 4 ) ' 24 i i i u + + =
1
2
1
24 60
0, 002 1, 75 8, 4
k k k k
k
k k k
i i u i
i
u u i
+
+

6
' 25 10 ' '
k
i
i C

2
24 60
'
1, 75 8, 4
k k
k
k
u i
i
i

=
24 60 u i
1
6
0, 002 25.10
k k k +
6
6
' 25.10 ' '
25.10
k
k
i Cu u u
= = =
k
(A)
k
i (V)
k
u
0 0
1 0
2
24 60
0, 002
1 75 8 4
u i
i i
i

= +
1
2
1
6
24 60
0, 002
1, 75 8, 4
0, 002
k k
k k
k
k
k k
u i
i i
i
i
u u
+
+

= +
= +
0 0 0
1 0, 0274 0
0
0
1 0
6
1, 75 8, 4
0, 002
25.10
i
i
u u

= +
1 1
2 1
2
24 60
0, 002
1 75 8 4
u i
i i
i

= +

150
1
6
25.10
k k +

2 0, 0530 2,192
2 1
2
1
1
2 1
6
1, 75 8, 4
0, 002
25.10
i
i
u u

= +
Sai phn (12)

Mch in Mch in
phi tuyn
(h) Phng trnh
phi tuyn
i i
' ( , )
' ( , )
i f u i
u g u i
=
1
1
( , )
( )
k k
k k
k k
i i
f u i
h
u u
g u i
+
+
1
1
( , )
( , )
k k k k
k k k k
i i hf u i
u u hg u i
+
+
= +
= +

151
( , )
k k
g u i
h
Sai phn (13)

i
1
i
2
E = 24 V (DC);
30 20
; Z
(
=
(
VD4
u
1
u
2
E
;
20 50
Z =
(

q
C
= 10
5
u
C
5.10
10
u
C
3
; h = 0,2ms; tnh i
2
?
(i) = 2i 3,33i
3
;
1
24 + =
C
u u
1
24
C
u u =
2
d
u
dt
+
=
2
.
di
i dt
c+
=
c
2 '
2 2
(2 9, 99 ) i i = 1 2
24 30 20
C
u i i = +

dt
2
i dt c
1 1 2
2 1 2
30 20
20 50
u i i
u i i
= +
= +
2 '
2 2 1 2
(9, 99 2) 20 50 i i i i

= +
5 10 2 '
(10 15.10 )
C C
u u

=
1
.
C
C
du dq q
i
dt u dt
c
= =
c
5 10 2 '
24 30(10 15 10 ) 20 u u u i

= +

152
2
2 ' 5 10 2 '
2 2 2
24 30(10 15.10 ) 20
(9, 99 2) 20(10 15.10 ) 50
C C C
C C
u u u i
i i u u i

= +

= +
Sai phn (14)

i
1
i
2
VD4
E = 24 V (DC);
30 20
; Z
(
=
(
u
1
u
2
E
;
20 50
Z =
(

q
C
= 10
5
u
C
5.10
10
u
C
3
; h = 0,2ms; tnh i
2
?
(i) = 2i 3,33i
3
;
5 10 2 '
2
2 ' 5 10 2 '
2 2 2
24 30(10 15.10 ) 20
(9, 99 2) 20(10 15.10 ) 50
C C C
C C
u u u i
i i u u i

= +
= +
24 20 u i
1
5 10 2
24 20
30(10 15.10 )
+

k k k k
k
u u u i
h u
5 10 2
5 10 2
2
24 20
'
30(10 15.10 )
20(10 15.10 ) ' 50
'
9 99 2
u i
u
u
u u i
i

5 10 2
1
1
2
( )
20(10 15.10 ) 50
9, 99 2

+
+
k
k k
k k
k k
k
u u
u i
i i
h
h i
2
9, 99 2 i
'
1 k k
k
u u
u
h
+

=
1
5 10 2
5 10 2
24 20
30(10 15.10 )
20(10 15 10 )( ) 50
k k
k k
k
u i
u h u
u
hi
+

= +

153
'
1 k k
k
i i
i
h
+

=
5 10 2
1
1
2
20(10 15.10 )( ) 50
9, 99 2
k k k k
k k
k
u u u hi
i i
i
+
+
+
= +
Sai phn (15)

i
1
i
2
VD4
E = 24 V (DC);
30 20
; Z
(
=
(
u
1
u
2
E
;
20 50
Z =
(

q
C
= 10
5
u
C
5.10
10
u
C
3
; h = 0,2ms; tnh i
2
?
(i) = 2i 3,33i
3
;
1
1
5 10 2
2
24
24 20
30(10 15.10 )
C
k k
k k
k
u u
u i
u h u
d
u
u
d
+

+ =

= +
+

=

`
u
0
= u
C
(0) = 0
i
0
= i
L
(0) = 0
2
5 10 2
1
1 1 2
1
2
2 1 2
20(10 15.10 )( ) 50
30 20
9, 99 2
20 50
k k k k
k k
k
dt
u u u hi
u i i
i i
i
u i i

+
+

`
+

= +
= +

= +

) 2 1 2
20 50 u i i +

)
u
k
(V)
k
0
0
1
16,00
2
21,57
154
k
( )
i
k
(A) 0
,
0,0016
,
0,0021
Ni dung
Gii thiu
Ch xc lp
Ch qu
Khi nim
Phng php tham s b
Phng php sai phn
Khng gian trng thi Khng gian trng thi
Khi nim
ng dng
Cch xy dng qu o pha trong khng gian trng thi
155
Khi nim (1)
Mt phng pha/qu o pha

Mt phng pha/qu o pha
Biu din quan h
) (x f x =
x
trn mt phng pha
Mt phng pha:
) (x f x =
0 x
Mt phng pha:
trc honh: x
trc tung:
x
trc tung:
p dng cho c tuyn tnh & phi tuyn
Ch nn p dng cho phng trnh vi phn c cp n 2
x
156
Ch nn p dng cho phng trnh vi phn c cp n 2
Khi nim (2)
x e x
t
5 10 5
5
= =

x = 10e
5t
x e x 5 10 . 5 = =
x = 10e
5t
10
x x
x
10
8
10
x
0
10
4
6
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0
2
50
157
0 200 400 600 800 1000
t
Khi nim (3)
2 2
x x

1
) (
2 2
= +
A
x
A
x
e
t A x e e cos =

t A t x e sin ) ( =
x
x
x
t
x
t
158
Chiu chuyn ng ca im trng thi
Na mt phng trn: x tng t tri sang phi
0 > x
Na mt phng trn: x tng t tri sang phi

Na mt phng di: x gim t phi sang tri
0 > x
0 < x
x
x
t
x
t
159
ng dng (1)
(c th) Tm c x(t) (c th) Tm c x(t)
Kho st tnh cht ca x(t)
Kho st s ph thuc ca qu trnh qu vo s kin Kho st s ph thuc ca qu trnh qu vo s kin
160
ng dng (2)
Tm x(t) Tm x(t)
dt
dx
x =
dx
dt
=
dt x
}
=
t
dt t
}
=
x
x
x
dx
t
) 0 (

) (
) (
x
f
dx
t
x
= =
}
) (x f x =
}
dt t
0
) (
) (
) 0 (
x f
x
}
) ( ) (
1
x t x

=
161
ng dng (3)
Kho st tnh cht ca x(t) Kho st tnh cht ca x(t)
x
10
x
x
0
6
8
4
6
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0
2
t
162
t
ng dng (4)
x
x
x
x
0
x
t
163
ng dng (5)
x
x
x
x
0
x
t
164
ng dng (6)
x

xx
165
ng dng (7)
x
xx
166
ng dng (8)
(phng trnh cp 2)
x
xx
167
ng dng (9)
(phng trnh cp 2)
x
xx
168
Xy dng qu o pha
Cp 1: trc tip t phng trnh Cp 1: trc tip t phng trnh
Cp 2:
V tng on V tng on
Trng ng nghing
Linard
169
Xy dng qu o pha trc tip t phng trnh
U
d
Ri =
+
+
U
DC
= 24V
R = 60
DC
U i bi a Ri = + ' ) 3 (
2
DC
U
dt
Ri = +
R 60
(i) = ai bi
3
a = 1,75; b = 2,8
i =?
10
12
14
DC
) (
2 2
8 2 3 75 1
60 24
3
'
i
i
bi a
Ri U
i
DC

=
=
6
8
10
i
'

(
m
A
/
s
)
24
0, 4A
DC
xl
U
i = = =
8 , 2 . 3 75 , 1 3 i bi a
2
4
i
0,
60
xl
i
R
dng tng t 0 0,4 A
170
0 100 200 300 400
0
i (mA)
Xy dng qu o pha
Cp 2:
V tng on V tng on
Trng ng nghing
Linard
171
V tng on (1)
) , ( x x f x

= ) , ( f
d
x x d
x
) (

=
d
dx x
.
c
c
=

d d
dt dt x c
x
dx

=
dx
x d
x x
dx
x d
x

= =
) , ( x x f
dx
x d
x

=
x
dt
dx
) , ( x x f x

=
x
x x f
dx
x d

) , (
=
172
x dx
V tng on (2)
) , ( x x f x

=
x x f
d
x d

) , (
=
) , (
0 0
x x

0
0 0
0
) , (
tan
x
x x f
= o
x dx
x
) tan , ( ) , (
0 0 0 0 0 1 1
o x x x x x x A + A + =

1 1
) , (
tan
x x f

= o o
1
1
tan
x
= o
) t ( ) ( A A

1
x
1
o
2
x
2
o
) tan , ( ) , (
1 1 1 1 1 2 2
o x x x x x x A + A + =
2
2 2
2
) , (
tan
x
x x f
= o
0
x
0
o
173
x
0
0
x
1
x
2
x
V tng on (3)
x[0] = x0; y[0] = y0; delta = 0.001;
c = s bc tnh _ _
for(i = 0; i < c; i++){
tan alpha = F(x[i] y[i]); tan_alpha = F(x[i],y[i]);
x[i+1] = x[i] + delta*sign(y[i]);
y[i+1] = y[i] + tan_alpha*x[i];
}
174
V tng on (4)
Tnh ton nhiu Tnh ton nhiu
C th lp trnh
175
Xy dng qu o pha
Cp 2:
V tng on V tng on
Trng ng nghing
Linard
176
Trng ng nghing (1)
) , ( x x f x

=
x x f
d
x d

) , (
=
) , ( f
x dx

t
) , ( x x f

C0
x
o
2
o
0
o
0
tan
) , (
o =
x
f
ng cong C0
1
o
1
tan
) , (
o =
x x f
ng cong C1
0
o
1
o
1
x
2
o
2
tan
) , (
o =
x
x x f
ng cong C2
0
o
0
177
x
0
Trng ng nghing (2)
Khng phi tnh ton Khng phi tnh ton
Phi v nhiu th
178
Xy dng qu o pha
Cp 2:
V tng on V tng on
Trng ng nghing
Linard
179
Linard (1)
Ch p dng cho dng 0 ) ( = + x f x x

p g g
V trn mt phng c t l xch
hai trc bng nhau
) ( f
x
) (x f x

=
) ( 0 ) ( x f x x x f x x

+ = = +
) (
0 0
x f x
x
x f x
dx
x d

) (
=
0
o
0
x
0
0 0
0
) (
tan
x
x f x
= o
0
o
180
x
0
0
x ) (
0
x f
Linard (2)
Khng phi tnh ton Khng phi tnh ton
n gin
Ch p dng cho trng hp c bit: 0 ) ( = + x f x x

Ch p dng cho trng hp c bit: 0 ) ( = + x f x x
181
Ni dung
Gii thiu
Ch xc lp p
Ch qu
Gii phng trnh vi phn
Ch xc lp
Mch mt chiu Mch mt chiu
Mch xoay chiu
Ch qu
182
Khng gian trng thi
Gii phng trnh vi phn
van der Pol:
( ) ( )
3
) (
g g g a
bu au u i =
= 1000; x(0) = 2; x(0) = 0
183
Mch xc lp mt chiu (1)
VD1
E = 20 V; u
1
(i) = 2i
2
r
2
= 10 ; i = ?
184
Mch xc lp mt chiu (2)
VD2
u (V)
12 12
u
1
(i)
E = 9 V; r
2
= 3 ;
i = ?
i (A)
0
( )
8
u (V) 3 5 6 7,1 8,2 9
i (V) 0,9 2 2,7 4 6 8
185
i (V) 0,9 2 2,7 4 6 8
Mch xc lp xoay chiu
(Wb) t U u
m
e sin =
VD
(Wb)
0,44
0,55
m
? i
U
m
= 80 V
f = 20 Hz
R = 5
0
i (A)
0,22 0,44
- 0,22 - 0,44
? = i
- 0,44
- 0,55
186
Mch qu (1)
(Wb)
VD1
(Wb)
0,44
0,55
5V
DC
U =
R = 5
0
i (A)
0,22 0,44
- 0,22 - 0,44
? = i
- 0,44
- 0,55
187
Mch qu (2)
(Wb)
VD2
(Wb)
0,44
0,55
u(t) = U
m
sint V;
f = 20 Hz; R = 5 ;
u(t)
0
i (A)
0,22 0,44
- 0,22 - 0,44
U
m
= 40 V; i =?
( )
- 0,44
- 0,55
188
Khng gian trng thi (1)
) (
2
t u x kx x k x x + + =

2 = x 2
0
= x
2
0
= x

189
Khng gian trng thi (2)
) ( sin t u x b x a x + =

) ( sin t u x b x a x + =
45
0
= x
0
0
0
= x
190
S. E. Lyshevski. Engineering and Scientific Computations Using Matlab. Wiley, 2003
M h hi Ch Mch phi tuyn
Ch xc lp
Ch qu
P/p t/t ho s hng phi tuyn nh
Mch mt chiu Mch xoay chiu
P/p t/t ho quanh im lm vic
P/p t/t ho tng on
P/p th
P/p d
P/p cn bng iu ho
P/p tuyn tnh iu ho
P/p tham s b
p g
P/ i h
P/p d
P/p lp
P/p tuyn tnh iu ho
P/p tuyn tnh ho on c tnh
P/p sai phn
191
P/p th
Khng gian trng thi

Phi Tuyen 2012c MK

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Nguyn Cng Phng g y g g

Mch phi tuyn Mch phi tuyn

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Phng php lp (11)

Phng php lp (16)

Tuyn tnh ha tng on (3)

Tuyn tnh ha tng on (4)

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Tuyn tnh ho tng on (8)

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Tuyn tnh ho tng on (9)

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Tuyn tnh ho tng on (12)

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Sai phn (5)

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Sai phn (12)

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Sai phn (14)

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Sai phn (15)

Na mt phng trn: x tng t tri sang phi

Kho st tnh cht ca x(t)

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