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CELLS

GRADE 6

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Microscope
Humans have always wondered what things are
made up of. We pull apart pens and calculators
to see what is inside. We try to look closer and
closer to find out what tiny parts are inside
larger objects. The microscope was invented
to allow scientists to view extremely small
things that are normally not able to be seen.
Without the microscope, scientists would not be able
to study the tiny building blocks of life that we call
cells. Knowledge about cells and their structure has
allowed many important advances to be made in
science and medicine. Microscopic is a term you
have probably heard before. It doesnt just mean an
object is small, it means so small that the only clear
way of seeing it is by using a microscope.

if the eyepiece is labelled x 10, and the objective

lens is labelled x 20, then the total magnification
is x200.

:Cell
: Microscope

Uses of Microscope
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-2
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Types of light Microscopes
1- Simple Microscope

2- Compound Microscope

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Parts of the microscope

1- Monocular microscope

2-Stereo microscope

) (

Using of microscope

:Specimen
:Image
:Slide
:Fine focusing knob.
:Coarse focusing knob
) ( : Mirror

:Stage
:Clips
) X10 ( :
) X 200 ( = ) X 200 )
#

Microscope
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Microscope
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cell:/
.
:
Animal cells / ( ),

-

:
- Cell membrane/

.
-:Cytoplasm /

.
-Nucleus/

( ).
: ( ).
:vacuole - .
/
- Mitochondria/



.

Plant cell:
-

:
- (: Cell wall/ )

.
- : Cell membrane/

- : Nucleus/
- : Cytoplasm/ (
)
-( : chloroplasts/ )

( - )
.
- : Vacuole/ (
)
- : Mitochondria/

: photosynthesis

:

:
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The table summarises the functions or jobs of these parts.
Part

Function

Cell
membrane

Controls what substances can get into and out of the

cell.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance, where chemical reactions

happen. In plant cells there's a thin lining, whereas in
animal cells most of the cell is cytoplasm.

Nucleus

Controls what happens inside the cell - it is not a

'brain'.

Chloroplast

Where photosynthesis happens chloroplasts

contain a green substance called chlorophyll.

Vacuole

Contains a liquid called cell sap, which keeps the cell

firm.

Cell wall

Made of a tough substance called cellulose, which

supports the cell.

. 4 -1

- 2

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Cell wall
Cell /
membrane

Nucleus
Cytoplasm

Mitochondria
chloroplasts
Vacuole

(:

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"Living Things Classification"

Put living things into groups related to

their types.
:

Classification:

There are different types of organisms in the world, there for

scientists classified them into groups related to their types.
,

1- Kingdom
2- Phylum
3- Class

4- Order

5- Family

6- Genus

7- Species

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-1 Plant
- - -
.
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-2Animals
- - - .
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-3 Fungi
- -
- .
-4 ()Protists
- -
. -
-5 ( )Monera
( ) -
- ( ) .

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Scientist use a large number of features to sort living things

into group, but basically they use the way that the living
things is built to help them spilt them into groups.
,

( )

...

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1

Lives in water fish

Doesnt live in water go to 2

Has big ears rabbit

Doesnt have big ears go to 3

Breeds quickly mouse

Doesnt breed quickly go to 4

Barks dog

Doesnt bark cat

( )

( )

( )

( - )

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1 ?What is a classification system

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2 ?List names of groups in a classification system

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3 List names of five
?Kingdoms
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