014 Dhammapuja

1
atmufygrax&frsm;ESifY wynfh &[ef;½Sifvlrsm;

½Sdcdk;ylaZmfMuaom
"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf;
❁❁❁❁❁❁❁❁
1342ckEpS ?f yXr0gqdv
k
2
ta½S½h ;kd r "r®0[d m&D\ Mo0g'vuFm½Si;f wrf;
yknmykn? tmaeOÆ[k? b0xdkxkd? vlpdwfudk,fü ?
csUJ xGiEf ydS pf uf? jzpfçtysuuf ?kd jyufjyufxifxif? ÓPf
oGi;f jrifvsS u?f tbdocFg&? rjzpf&atmifUUUUU
Ä ygyvDvD? rjyKrDu?r&nfa½Shaemuf?txufçatmuf
ESi?Yf arSsmçf aMumufa½SmifMuOf?ckjypfjrifvsS u?f 0docFg&?
jyKjyifyavmh/
Ä 'gevDvD? rvSLrDvnf;? r&nfa½Shaemuf? txufç
atmufESifY?arSsmfçaMumufa½SmifMuOff? ckusdK;jrifvSsuf?
0docFg&? vSL'gef;Muavmh/
Ä oDvvDvD?rapmifYrDvnf;?r&nfa½Shaemuf?txufç
atmufESifY?arSsmfçaMumufa½SmifMuOf?ckusdK;jrifvSsuf?
0docFg&? apmifYokH;Muavmh/
Ä bm0emvDvD?ryGm;rDvnf;?r&nfa½Shaemuf?txufç
atmufESifY? arSsmfçaMumufa½SmifMuOf?ckusdK;jrifvSsuf?
0docFg&? tm;xkwfMuavmh/
Ä b0jzpfajrmuf? qif;&Ja&mufrS?½GHUaMumufvSpGm?
jrnfwrf;ygvnf;?
Ä owå0gtrsm;?b,fbk&m;ESifY?w&m;çoHCm?a'0
wmwdkY? u,fvmq,fr? ulr&bl; UUUU/
]]oAÁygyó tu&PH ? ukovó OyorÜ'g?
opdwyå &da,m'yeH ? {wHA'k g¨ e omoeH }}
rdejYf yefq;Hk r? Ak'p¨ um;? OD;xdyx f m;onf/ /trSm;tvsO;f ?
okwfoifMu/
( "r®0d[m&D )
3
yOö*P
k H t[H 0E´mrd
uH ESifY vlom;
Ä vlujkd rifvsS i?f vlvdkyif? vlwGif qufqH&m/
Ä vludkausmfawG;? vlEiS aYf 0;? vla&; rvSyg/
Ä vludkzsufqD;? vlYtcsnf;ESD;? rNyD; vlYudpöm/
Ä vlausmfvlzsuf? xdEk pS cf su?f vlYwGuf qif;&J½Sm/
Ä vleJYvlwdkY? csrf;ombdkY? vlwdkY jyK&rSm/
Ä vlqif;&Jwm? vlYaMumifYom? vlrmS jyKjyifyg/
Ä uH[lorSs? vlrpS ? vlu jyKvkyfwm/
Ä uHaumif;vdkvSsif? vlomjyif? vlwGif usifY&rSm/
Ä uHnHhwmvnf;? vlaMumifYbJ? azmufvGJusifYodu©m/
Ä uHqdk;uHaumif;? tvSnfhajymif;? jzpfaMumif;vluom/
Ä uHomtrd? uHom ]]z}}? a½S;uqdkwJYpm/
Ä oSsifawmfrdefYa[m? uHoabm? raemçudk,fçEIwfyg/
Ä uH[m vlYuRef? vljyKjyif? vlwGifuHaumif;rSm/
Ä udk,f&½SduH? udk,fomzef? {uefrck srw S /f
Ä vlajymolajym? uHoabm? rdeaYf rmraetyf/
Ä vlukdz,fxm;? uHw&m;? bmrsm;jyKvkyfwwf/
Ä vl\rl&m? uH[kom? aocsmawG;ac:rSwf/
Ä ypöKyEÜ ?é uHb0? Ce odtyfpGm/
Ä arG;aotwGi;f ? jyKvyk jf cif;? r,Gif; uHopöm/
Ä arG;ao[dkbuf? jyKvyk cf su?f wGufcsufrazG½Sm/
Ä ,ckjyKu? ,ck&? 'd|"r®yg/
4
2
Ä ,ckjyKorSs? aemufb0? Ak'¨ ra[myg/
Ä Ak'r¨ a[m? uHoabm? aomaomnHaewm/
Ä tvGJw&m;? tpGJrSm;? cGjJ cm;rodyg/

Ä [dkuH onfuH? awG;awmBuH? trSef qif;&Jrnf/
Ä qif;&Jwefwef? cH&jyef? edAÁmefa0;awmhonf/
Ä edAmÁ efvckd si?f uHudkjyif? tpOfcsrf;omonf/
( "r®0[
d m&D )
5
"r®yZl m bk&m;½Scd ;kd
rmwdum
trSwfpOf pmrsufESm
1/ okweå yd gw r[mAsL[ yEé&or*gxm u
2/ okweå yd gw or®my&dAmÁ Zed,okwå owår*gxm c
3/ udk,fwdkifbwf½Iavhvmvdkol\ rSwfwrf; *
4/ trSmpm C
5/ "r®yZl m bk&m;½Scd ;kd ed'gef; 1
6/ Ak'¨0g'&nf½G,fcsuf "r®ylZm
7/ r*¾opöm "r®yZl m
8/ eda&m"opöm "r®ylZm
9/ 'kuo © pöm "r®yZl m
10/ ork',opöm "r®ylZm
11/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ ' "r®yZl m
12/ "r®puú "r®ylZm
13/ tewåvu©Pm "r®ylZm
14/ r[mowdy|me "r®yZl m
15/ tedrw d b
å m0em "r®yZl m
16/ oknwbm0em "r®yZl m
17/ "mwk0db*F "r®ylZm
18/ tbd"r® "r®ylZm
19/ armae,sy#dywf ½SpfvkH;bGJU
20/ "r®puf ½SpfvkH;bGJU
21/ w&m; ½SpfvkH;bGJU
22/ vlUr[med'gef;
6
"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; u
okwåedygw
r[mAsL[okwå yEé&or*gxm
( ygVd )
yóH ea&m 'u©wd emr ½lyH ?
'doGme 0g nxmwd wmed ar0 /
umrH A[kH yówk tyÜuH 0g ?
e [d awe ok'ð̈ ukovm 0'EÅd /
( jrefrm )
½kyçf emrf ½IymG ; w&m;ukd½Sm?
½kyçf emrf jzpfysuf jrifvSsufodrSm/
b,favmuf½IrSwf y&rwfopöm?
yGm;aomfjim; w&m;r&yg/
r[mAsL[okwå yEé&or*gxm (ud,

k yf ikd f bwf&aI vYvm&eftwGuo
f m(jzefaY 0&efr[kw)f
7
"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; c
okwåedygw
or®my&dAÁmZed,okwå owår*gxm
( ygVd )
0pom reomx ur®Kem p ?
t0d½ak '¨m or®m 0d'wd mG e "r®H /
edAÁme y'gbd yw¬,maem ?
or®m aom avmau y&dAÁaZ,s /
( jrefrm )
udk,fçEIwfçpdwfxm; trSm;a½SmifcGg ?
w&m; ç rw&m; jywfom;odcg ?
vlUNird ;f at;rI a½S;½IvdkYom ?
jrwfw&m; rrSm; usi&Yf rSm /
or®my&dAmÁ Zed,okwå owår*gxm (ud,

8
"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; *
udk,fwdkifbwf½I avhvmol\ rSwfwrf;
uREykf of nf vltjzpf arG;zGm; oefpY ifco hJ nf/

arG;zGm;jcif;ESit Yf wl vlwpfO;D \tcGit Yf a&;onf uREyfk Ef iS Yf
xyfwl ½SdcJh\/uREkfyf\ udk,fykdiftcGifYta&;onf vlY*kPf&nfodu©m
udk jri§ w
Yf ifEikd pf rG ;f ½Sb
d Ykd vdt k yf\/
xdkYtwGuf þusrf;i,fudk uREkfyfb0ESifYxyfwl ruGJruGm
aqmifxm;wnf½SdbdkY qkH;jzwf a½G;cs,fcJhonf/
]]ud,
k yf ikd f bwf½aI vhvm&ef(jzefaY 0&efr[kw)f }}? rlymG ; ul;,l
odrf;qnf;cJY\/
pum;pk-teuf? tESpo f m& wpfcpk o D nf vpf[mrI r½Sad p
aom b0t"dygÜ ,frsm;jzpfí ausmv f mT ;çcsevf yS í f rjzpfay/
uREyfk \ f tcGit Yf a&;jzpfonfh vGwv f yfrt I wGuf tjcm;rnf
olrsS wm0efr½Sad p&bJ? uREyfk \ f wm0efomjzpfaMumif; &J0pYH mG wdik f
wnfí rlyGm; ul;,l odrf;qnf;tyfygonf/
(rlymG ; ul;,lo)l
ud,
k w
f ikd b
f wf½I avhvmol\ rSww
f rf; (ud,
9
"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; C
trSmpm
w&m;awmfrsm;jzifY jrwfpmG bk&m;tm; uefawmhyal Zmf zl;arSsS mf

½Scd ;kd aomaMumifY þbk&m;½Scd ;kd \trnfonf]]"r®yZl mbk&m;½Scd ;kd }} [lí
jzpfonf/þbk&m;½Scd ;kd jzifyY if jrwfpmG bk&m;tm; ½Scd ;kd vmcJMY uonfrmS
umvtm;jzifY twefrSsMumcJYNyD jzpfonf/
ukov kd af umif;rIjyK&mü trSsa0&jcif;rSm xk;H wrf;pOfvm "r®wm
jzpfygonf/xdkYaMumifY þodkYbk&m;½Sdcdk;&aom ukodkvfwdkYudkvnf; trSs
a0&ef Mum;MuçjrifMuçod½MdS uolrsm;u awmif;qdçk ylpmMuayonf
om"kac:Edik rf nfh ta&twGuo f nf tvGeyf ifenf;yg;vSvrd Yf
rnftxifjzifY þukodkvftbdkYbm* trSsa0jcif;udk tiftm;pdkufí
rjyKcaYJ y/
,cktcsed üf um; jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmfü wpfcw k nf;
aom oHCtzGJYtpnf;BuD; ay:xGef;vmcJYonf/zGm;opfpjzpfaom
þoHCtzGJYtpnf;BuD;udk *kPfjyKcsD;ajr§mufaomtm;jzifY þukodkvf
tbdb Yk m*udk trSsa0&ef qE´jzpfay:vmcJo h nf/
xdkYaMumifY þusrf;udk bk&m;oSsiftm; w&m;awmfjzifYylaZmf&
aom ukodkvftodkYbm* trSsa0pmwrf;tjzpf rSwfom;apcsifMuo
wnf;/
❁❁❁❁❁❁❁❁
trSmpm (ud,
10
"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; i
"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;
ed'gef;
avmb?a'go?arm[?rme?'d|d tp½Sdaom udavomaMu;
an§mf tvdr;f vdr;f ½Sad eMuojzifY at;Nird ;f Ny;D qk;H jcif;odYk ra&mufao;
aom vlom;ordik ;f udk ckwyf ikd ;f çjzwf½iS ;f ÓPftvif;udk ay;oem;
awmfrlcJhaom vlom;wdkY\ teEÅaus;Zl;awmfocif Ak'¨t&Sifjrwf
bk&m;UUUUUUUUUU
t&Sib f &k m;onf wynfah wmfw\ Ykd todÓPfü twdwf tESpf
ESpaf xmifiY g;&mausmf umvuyif at;Nird ;f jcif;tqk;H odYk a&mufawmf
rlco hJ nf[k odjrifaecJyh gonf/
xd k o k d Y y if j zpf a omf v nf ; t½S i f b k & m;xG e f ; Ni§ d x m;cJ h a om
opömtvif;a&mifonf ,aeYxufwikd f wynfah wmfw\ Ykd b0tnpf
taMu;rsm;udk avSsmfaq;çokwfoifay;vSsufyif ½Sdaeygao;onf/
xd k Y a Mumif Y wynf h a wmf w d k Y o nf at;Nid r f ; jcif ; tqk H ; od k Y
a&mufawmfrlNyD;oGm;cJhaom t½Sifbk&m;\ teEÅaus;Zl;awmfrsm;udk
woo wazmfazmf ratmufarYrylaZmfbJ raeEdik af tmif jzpfcyYJ g
onf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf t½Sifbk&m;\ arwåmawmfçopömawmf
teEÅtwGuf wynfhawmfwdkY\b0udk i,fpOfuyif tNyD;wdkif
tydik t f jywf t½Sib f &k m;xH ESt
H yfyal ZmfcMYJ uolrsm; jzpfMuygonf/
xdjYk yift½Sib f &k m;xH þodYk ESt
H yfyal ZmfNy;D aemufvnf; t½Sif
bk&m;tm; rsufjcnfrjywfatmifyif wynfhawmfrsm; t½Sifbk&m;
aemufrS xufcsyfruGm wygwnf;vdkufaecJYMuygonf/
"r®yZl m bk&m;½Scd ;kd ed'gef; (ud,
11
"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; p
t½Sifbk&m; oDvtoGif <uoGm;awmfrl&müvnf; xufcsyf
ruGm wynfhawmfrsm; oDvusifYí zl;awGYaecJYMuygonf/
t½Sib f &k m; y&d,wftoGijf zifY <uoGm;awmfr&l müvnf; pOf
qufrjywf wynfhawmfrsm; y&d,wfoifMum;NyD; t½Sifbk&m;tm;
zl;arSsmyf al ZmfaecJMY uygonf/
t½Sib f &k m; y#dywfu, kd af wmftjzpf wifw Y ,fpmG pHy,fí usiYf
awmfr&l müvnf; y#dywft½Sib f &k m;tm; rsm;pGmESpçf v nTwcf qnf;
uyf y#dywftusijYf zifY xdu k o f ift Y avsmf ylaZmfaexdikd cf yYJ gonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf þíþrSs t½Sifbk&m;udk yoylaZmf zl;
arSsmrf 0cJ&Y jim;vnf; tm;r&wif;rwdrf t½Sib f &k m;\ opöm"r®neT jf y
csuu f kd qufvufajymqdk nTejf yjcif;jzifY ylaZmf½edS u f kd jrifo Y nfxuf
jrifYatmif BudK;pm;vSsuf½Sdygonf/
t½Sifbk&m; rdefYMum;a[mnTefcJYaom w&m;awmfrsm;onf
umv?a'o?ya,m*wd\ Yk tjrKawom;usaeaomaMumifY b,ftcg
rSs tufruGJatmif tvGefYtvGefvnf; eufeJvSygonfbk&m;/
xdaYk MumifY t½Sib f &k m;\ arwåmawmf½yk o f iG jf zpfaom opöm"r®
onf ,aeYrsuaf pYrsm;tjrifü tyDtjyifenf;yg;Ny;D rIe0f g;vSsu½f adS e
NyDuJYodkY jzpfygonf/
bk&m;wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf t½Sib f &k m;\ opöm"r®tm; rIe0f g;
ryD ½Sdvmrnfudk pdk;vSygonf/tb,fhaMumifYqdkaomf t½Sifbk&m;\
w&m;"r®onf avmu\rsufapY? avmu\em; trSeftppf tjzpf
BuD;jzpfaomaMumifY jzpfygonf/
avmu\rsuaf pYtm; tMunftvif tawmufyçtpl;½Sq;Hk
12
"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; q
jzpfatmif apmifaY ½Smuf&rnfw h m0efonf wynfah wmfwYkd xrf;aqmif
&rnfw h m0efjzpfaMumif; wynfah wmfrsm; aumif;aumif; odjrifem;
vnfMuygonf/
xdaYk MumifY þ"r®yZl mjzifY twdik ;f rodtyfaom aus;Zl;awmf½iS f
t½Sijf rwfb&k m;tm; txyfxyf OD;ESrD cf svsS uf ½Scd ;kd ylaZmftyfygonf/
avmu\ teEÅaus;Zl;awmfocif t½Sifjrwfbk&m;onf
wynfah wmfwt Ykd m; oem;aomtm;jzifY þ"r®yZl mjzifY ½dak onTwuf sKd ;
½Scd ;kd jcif;udk tcGiaYf y;oem;awmfryl gbk&m;UUUUUU/
( "r®yZl mbk&m;½Scd ;dk ed'gef;Ny;D \)
❁❁❁❁❁❁❁❁

13
1
"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

1
Ak'¨0g'&nf½G,fcsuf "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; 2
Ak'¨0g'&nf½G,fcsuf "r®ylZm
bk&m;½Scd ;kd
Ak'¨t½Sifjrwfbk&m;UUUUUUU
t½Sifbk&m;\ arwåmawmf"mwf jyefYESHY&monf twdkif;rod
BuD;jrwfçus,f0ef;vSygonf/wynfhawmfwdkYonft½Sifbk&m;\
arwåmawmf"mwf jyefEY &YHS m? t½Sib f &k m;\ &nf&,G cf suaf wmfukd ao;
i,fvSaomyrmPjzifY rSef;qMunfndkaerdcJYMuygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\ todÓPfrsm; rpGrf;roef uav;qefrI
aMumifY þodkYjzpf&aMumif; ½dkaonTwfusdK;í ½Sdcdk;avSsmuffxm;&yg
onf/
wynfah wmfwrYkd supf üd jrwfpmG bk&m;onf owå0grsm;aoNy;D
aemuf ewf½mG edAmÁ ef 0ifp&H avatmif&nf½, G íf w&m;"r®rsm;udk
a[mMum;jyo qkH;raeonf[k tusOf;tm;jzifY jrifcJYMuygonf/
[kwfygonfbk&m;/wynfhawmfwdkYtodÓPfü jrwfpGmbk
&m;onf owå0grsm;tm; ]]owå0gtjzpfujkd zpf&jcif;udk qif;&J}}[k
nTefjycJYaMumif; odjrifaerdcJYMuygonf/owå0grsm; owå0gtjzpf
rjzpfawmhjcif;onfom Nird ;f csr;f rItppf[v k nf; oabmaygufae
cJYrdMuygonf/
xdaYk MumifY t½Sib f &k m;nTejf ycJo
Y nf[k xif&aom t&mrsm;
onfvnf; wynfhawmfrsm;taejzifY tvGefYtvGef av;eufae
onf[k xifjrifcJh&ygonf/
xd k Y j yif v nf ; jrwf p G m bk & m;\ &nf ½ G , f c suf a wmf o nf
2
owå0grsm;tm; wpfO;D csi;f vGwaf jrmufr?I Nird ;f at;rItwGuo f m jzpf

onf[v k nf; txufrq S ifyY mG ;í todÓPfrsm;onfvnf; jzpfymG ;
cJY&ygonf/
[kwyf gonfb&k m;/ owå0grsm; tqk;H pGef Nird ;f csr;f a&;w&m;
onf owå0gtjzpf aemufxyf jyefírjzpfawmhjcif;omjzpfvSsif
þvGwaf jrmufNird ;f at;jcif;onf owågwpfO;D csi;f ESio Yf m oufqikd f
í ]]owå0gtrsm; Nidrf;at;a&;ESifY vm;vm;rSsrqdkif}}aom vGwf
ajrmufNidrf;at;rIom jzpfygrnf/
xdkYaMumifY jrwfpGmbk&m;\ &nf&G,fcsuftmabmfudk wpfOD;
csif; vGwfajrmufNidrf;at;rItwGufom[kvnf; xifjrif oabm
ayguf ÓPfoufa&mufcJh&ygonf bk&m;/
þodkYjzpfí wynfhawmfwdkY\ todÓPfrsm; tjrifrSef r
ayguf oówçOapä'tp½Sad om (rdpmä )'d|rd sm;tjzpfoYkd a&mufae
aomaMumifY jzpf&ygonf/t½Sijf rwfb&k m;\ &nf½, G cf suaf wmftm;
þrSs ao;i,fçusO;f ajrmif;pGm em;vnfrjd cif;onf t½Sijf rwfb&k m;
twGuf BuD;pGmaom½SufbG,fudk jyKrdjcif;rsm; jzpfygonf/
trSefpifppfü t½Sifjrwfbk&m;\ &nf½G,fcsufawmfonf
wynfhawmfwdkY odjrifcsufESifY vm;vm;rSSsrqdkifaMumif; ,aeY
oabmayguf&ygNyDbk&m;/xdkYaMumifY wynfhawmfwdkY oabmayguf
onfudk jyefavSsmufwifqdk Munfndk½Sdcdk;tyfygonf bk&m;/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf owå0gaoNy;D aemuf jzpfjcif;çrjzpfjcif;
tp½Sad om t,l0g'rSeo f rSu
S kd y,fcsçpGev
Yf w
T af wmfrNl y;D jzpfygonf/

3
xdaYk MumifY jrwfpmG bk&m;onf owå0grsm;aoNy;D aemuf rjzpf

a&;udk a½S½Y &I nf½,G af wmf rrlcyhJ g/aoNy;D aemuf jzpfa&;&nf½, G &f ef
udkum; tb,frSmqdkbG,f½Sdygawmhrnfenf;¿
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf orm;awmfwdkYxuf taumif;qkH;aom
orm;awmfjzpfygayonf/avmuü nHzh si;f aomorm;awmfonfyif
vlemtm; a&m*gudu k o
k &mü vlemtay:jzpfymG ;aeaom a&m*gudk
om ukpm;vdrrhf nf jzpfygonf/vlemaoNy;D aemuftxd vlemtay:
jzpfymG ;aeaoma&m*gudk rjzpfymG ;atmifupk m;bdYk pdwx f m;r½S&d myg/
þrSsnzhH si;f aom orm;awmfonfyif vluv kd eG íf a&m*gpif&ef r
awG;rdonftxd vdr®myg;eyfygrl orm;wdkYxuform; jzpfawmfrl
aom jrwfpmG bk&m;um; tb,frmS vl(udv k eG í f jzpfa&;)rjzpfa&;
tawG;uRHygtHhenf;µ
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf owå0grsm;tm; tvSw&m;rsm; jyefu Y m;
a0pnfa&;? avmuudktvSqif&efom &nf&G,fawmfrlcJYygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf owå0grsm;ü jzpfyGm;aeaom tqdk;0g;qkH;aom
a&m*grsm;udk z,f½mS ;½Si;f vif;&ef &nf½, G cf &YJ if;tppf jzpfygonf/
xkad &m*grsm;um; vlrsm;udk rBu;D yGm;çrwd;k wufatmif vk;H 0
yif [efYwm;ydwfqdkYaeygonf/xdka&m*grsm;onf vlukd vlwvkH;ç
olwvkH;rjzpfatmif [efYwm;çydwfqdkYaeonf[k qdk&ygrnf/xdka&m
*grsm; t0ifcaH e&aomvlonf trSet f wdik ;f rawG;wwf? trSef
twdik ;f rjrifwwf? rBuw H wf? rajymqdrk jyKvyk w f wfojzifY xif&m
pdik ;f um aumif;aumif;rtdy&f ? aumif;aumif;rpm;&? tm½kiH g;yg;

4
wdkY\ tvSw&m;udk aumif;aumif;em;yg;rvnf&jzpfNyD; z½dkz&J

vGiu Yf su
J sq;Hk tvSw&m;rsm; ysujf yKe;f &rnfrvGJ jzpfygonf/
þa&m*grsm;um;UUUUU]]vlrsm;rNird ;f csr;f rI a&m*g}} jzpfygonf/
avmuobm0 jzpfçysufaeaom tvdk½Sdtyf tvdkr½Sdtyf
aom tjzpfçtysufrsm;ü tmv,yGm; NiduyfrIrsm;jcif;[laom
vlom;\a&m*g jzpfygonf/ þa&m*gonf vlrsm;em;vnfaom
trnfjzifY ac:a0:vSsif ]]pdwaf &m*g}}[k ac:&ygrnf/
þae&mü pdwfa&m*gudk pdwZå a&m*gESicYf jJG cm;í em;vnf
&ygrnf Þ
pdwfa&m*gonf pdwfrSmjzpfyGm;aom rNidrf;csrf;rIçemusifrI
jzpfygonf/
pdwåZa&m*gonf pdwfaMumifYjzpfaom ½kyfrSm okdYr[kwf
pdwZå ½kyrf mS jzpfymG ;aom rNird ;f csr;f rIçemusirf I jzpfygonf/
vlü a&m*gokH;rsdK;½SdEdkifygonfÞ
(1) pdwfa&m*g?
(2) pdwåZa&m*g?
(3) ½kyaf &m*g rsm; jzpfygonf/
Owkçtm[m& rrSswaomaMumifY udk,frSm jzpfyGm;aoma&m
*gonf ½kyaf &m*g jzpfygonf/
pdwftaMumif;&if;aMumifYjzpfap? ½kyftaMumif;&if;aMumifY
jzpfap pdwZå ½kyrf mS jzpfymG ;aoma&m*gonf pdwZå a&m*g jzpfygonf/
uHraumif; taMumif;rvSrIaMumifYjzpfaom odkYr[kwf

5
tjyKtrlçtajymtqdçk pdwaf epdwx f m; ,Gi;f rSm;çaygufysurf aI MumifY

jzpfaom pdwrf at;csr;f rIa&m*gonf pdwfa&m*g jzpfygonf/
þpdwfa&m*gonf ,aeYwdkif urÇmhynm½Sifrsm; t&dyft
>rufrSsrodaom aMumufp&mtaumif;qkH;aom vlom;\a&m*g
jzpfygonf/þae&mü pdwfa&m*grsm; vlom;twGuf qdk;0g;csuf
emykuH dk wynfah wmfw\ Ykd ÓPfy;kd pke;f MuL;uav;jzifY ppfaq;wif
avSsmufvdkygonf/
vltm;vk;H ü a&m*gtm;vk;H yif jzpfymG ;Edik yf gonf/xdo k jYkd zpf
aomfvnf; toSsib f &k m;\w&m; yGm;rsm;jznfu h siNYf y;D olrsm;um; þ
pdwfa&m*grsm; rjzpfyGm;Edkifawmhyg/pdwfa&m*guif;pifolonf ½kyf
a&m*gjzpfap? pdwZå a&m*gjzpfap? taxGaxGaoma&m*gjzpfap a&m
*grsm; jzpfyGm;uyfNidaeaomfvnf; vl\tvSudk avSsmusysufpD;ap
rnf r[kwfyg/
[kwfygonf/vlonf trsdK;rsdK;aom udk,frSmjzpfyGm; a&m*g
rsm;\ tzsut f qD;cH&csurf sm;udk pufqw k ½f ½HG mS ESv;Hk emaeygonf/
pdwZå a&m*grsm; ESyd pf uftrSef azmufjyefaeonfuv kd nf; vlwikd ;f yif
rvdkrvm; a½Smif½Sm;Muygonf/
xdo
k jYkd zpfaomfvnf; qdck NYJ y;D aoma&m*grsm;onf pdwaf &m*g
rsm;avmuf vludk rzsufqD;EdkifMuyg/xdkYaMumifY pdwfa&m*g\ zsuf
tm;avmuf rnfonfha&m*grSs vlrsm; pufqkwf½GH½Sm ESvkH;emjcif;
r½SdMuyg/avmuwGif a&m*grSeforSswdkYwGif pdwfa&m*gomvSSsif
pufqkwf½GH½Sm ESvkH;emp&mtaumif;qkH; jzpfygonf/

6
½kyaf &m*g qd;k qd;k 0g;0g;rsm; ½Sad omfvnf; pdwaf &m*guif;pif

aevsif ywf0ef;usi\ f tciftrifukd &Edik af yao;onf/½kyaf &m*g
qd;k rsm; uif;aomfvnf; pdwaf &m*gt0ifcaH e&vSsif ywf0ef;usif
onf cifawmYrnfr[kwyf g/pdwrf mS emjcif;onf ud, k rf mS emjcif;xuf
tqrsm;pGmydyk gonf/½kyaf &m*gESiYf pdwZå a&m*grsm;aMumifjY zpfaom
qif;&Jw&m;um; pdwfa&m*gaMumifYjzpfaom qif;&Jw&m;avmuf
eufeJjcif;r½SdaomaMumifY jzpfygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf vlom;rsm;xHrS qd;k 0g;vSaom pdwaf &m*g
rsm;udk z,f½Sm;okwfoif&ef &nf½G,fawmfrlcJYygonf/þpdwfa&m*g
\trnfrsm;udk udavom? oHa,mZOf? eD0&P? tEko,? tmo0?
MoC tp½So d nfjzifY nTejf ycJyY gonf/
pdwüf udavom t0iftaESmufc&H jcif;onf pdwaf &m*g
&jcif; jzpfygonf/pdwüf udavom t0iftaESmufc&H jcif;qdo k nf
rSm pdwüf avmb?a'gopaomw&m;rsm; jzpfymG ;jcif; jzpfygonf/
oHa,mZOfw&m;?tEko,w&m; tp½SdonfwdkYvnf; udavom
twlyif pdwrf mS jzpfymG ;aom pdwaf &m*grsm;yif jzpfygonf/
udavom? oHa,mZOfpaom pdwfrSmjzpfyGm;aomw&m;wdkY
onf pdwu f kd rNird ;f at;atmif jzpfapwwfygonf/xdaYk MumifY xdw k
&m;wdu Yk kd pdwrf mS jzpfymG ;aom pdwaf &m*grsm;\trnfrsm;[k uifyeG ;f
wyfcJYjcif; jzpfygonf/
udavom? oHa,mZOf tp½Sdaom pdwfa&m*g&aeolrsm;
onf ud, k u f uH kd ud, k rf pDrEH ikd o
f rl sm; odrYk [kwf trScD rkd uif;olrsm;

7
jzpfygonf/xdkYaMumifY olwdkYonf rvGwfvyfol?rNidrf;at;olrsm;

jzpfMuygonf/
vlonf tb,frsS yif todynm?twwfynm?pnf;pdrf tNcH
t&H tausmt f apmESiYf a&m*gb,uif;pifrrI sm; jynfph aHk eonfjzpf
ap pdwaf &m*guif;pifjcif;r½Sv d sif b0\tESpo f m&udk ½So d nfq&kd ef
taMumif;r½Sdyg/tb,fYaMumifYqdkaomf pdwfa&m*grsm;udk ynm½Sif
rsm; rodMuaomaMumifY jzpfonf/þ pdwfa&m*guif;a0;a&;onf
vlom;twGuf ta&;BuD;vSaomfvnf; þa&m*grsm; uif;pif
aumif;onfyif rjrifb;l aomaMumifY olonf þt&mudyk if a&m*g
[k rjrifEikd f jzpfMu&awmYonf/
rsurf jrifurÇmü rsuaf pYrjriforl sm;twGi;f wpfO;D wpf
a,muf tvif;aygufjcif;onf aMumufb, G t f EÅ&m,fEiS Yf &ifqikd f
&jcif; xifMuygrnf/þodlY udavom? oHa,mZOf tp½Sdaom pdwf
a&m*guif;&rnfuykd if aMumufb, G tf EÅ&m,f txifc&H ef&ydS gonf/
vlonf oHa,mZOfr½Sv d sif vlzY pYJG yfrtI pnf;Bu;D vGijYf y,f
jyefu
Y so
J mG ;rnfvm;¿ udavomrSr½Sv d sif vlneG u Yf ek q
f ;Hk vlneG w
Yf ;Hk
rnfvm;¿ pOf;pm;pdk;xdwf jzpfMurnfuJYodkYyif/
þtawG;onf rsurf jrifurÇmrS rsurf jrifrsm; rsuaf pY
aygufvmvsif tEÅ&m,fusa&mufrnf[kawG;aom tawG;rsdK;om
jzpfygonf/wenf;tm;jzifY vkyt f m;udk vlv Y wG af jrmufrjI zpfaMumif;
rodorl sm;onf tvkyv f yk &f jcif;rSm vlurdk vGwv f yfjcif;rsm;jzpf
onf[k txifrSm;MuouJYodkY jzpfygonf/

8
udavom? oHa,mZOf? tEko, tp½Sad omw&m;rsm;onf

yk*Kd¾ v?f owå0g?ig?olwyg;?a,musmf ;?rde;f r[laom vlom;rsm; r[kwf
MubJ vlü rawmfwqjzpfyGm;aeaom vl\pdwfa&m*grsm;om jzpf
Muygonf/
vlpY wd rf mS jzpfymG ;aoma&m*grsm; ukeq f ;Hk ysujf ym;onfEiS Yf vl
rsm; vlneG u Yf ek qf ;Hk vlpwk;H jcif;jzpf&eftaMumif; r[kwyf g?udavom
ponfrsm; ukeq f ;Hk vsif vlneG uYf ek q
f ;Hk vlpwk;H rnf[k jrifMuonfrmS
udavomponfESifY vludk ruGJrjym; wom;wnf;[k tjrifarSmuf
rSm; todjym;MuaomaMumifY jzpfygonf/
[kwyf gonf/udavom? oHa,mZOf tp½Sad omw&m;rsm;udk
arG;uwnf;uygvmaomw&m;[k txifrSm;Muygonf/xdkYjyif xdk
udavom? oHa,mZOfponfudkyif azsmufzsufír&aumif;aom
w&m;[k txifaxGjym; rSm;wwfMuygonf/pifppf udavomtp
½Sad om w&m;wdo Yk nf vlüjzpfymG ;aom tm*EÅKuw&m;rSsomjzpfNy;D
temrJYjcif;onfom tm0godu jzpfouJYodkYyif/
xdkYaMumifY udavomtp½Sdaom w&m;rsm;onf vlazsmuf
zsufívnf;r&aom arG;&mygw&m;vnf; r[kwfay/
vlonf vlYtjzpf&½SdNyD;aemuf tcsdeftawmfMumMumtxd
yif bmoabmw&m;rSsr½Sb d J oljyKorSsE&k aomb0jzifY &yfwnfae
cJ&Y ygonf/ ywf0ef;usirf S tjzpftysurf sm;?w&m;rsm; xdrk w S pfp?
onfrw S pfpqdo k uJo Y Ykd wpp rSwo f m;bwf½I aygif;pkordk ;DS odr;f
qnf;aecJyY gonf/ta&twGurf sm;jym;vmaomtcg t&nftcsi;f

9
tjzpf wGufcsuf pdwful;vmygonf/

þtcgü olEiS o Yf yYl wf0ef;usirf sm;\ qufo, G rf t I rSew f
&m;udak usmjf zwfí ol½Y aI xmifrY S oljrifçolMum;çolcpH m;&rIrsm;\ ap
pm;csuftwdkif; twåtjrif[kqdktyfaom t&d,opömrSacsmfaom
t0dZÆmtjrifrsm; aygufyGm;jzpfay:vmygonf/
ud,
k jf rif?ud, k Mf um;?ud, k cf pH m;onfuaumif;vSsif ud, k af wGY
yifjzpfaomMumifY a½Sah emuf0ef;usirf sm;ESiYf rwdik ;f wm raxmufq
awmYyg/aumif;onf-[kyif rsufapYrSdwfí Budwfygawmhonf/okc
a,mifaqmifaeaom 'kur© sm;? tpma,mifaqmifaeaom tqdyf
rsm;-þt&mrsm;udkvnf; 'ku©rjrif okc[k xifygawmYonf/ xdkY
aMumifY jzpfymG ;oGm;aom xd'k u k u© ykd if wNiu
d yfuyf wpGv J ef;vef;
jzpfNy;D ork',wPSm avmbjzpfjyefygonf/
þodkYyif taumif;r[kwfonfudk taumif;vkyf xifjrif
aerdjcif;? xdt k xif tysurf cHEikd ?f qmavmifrw G o
f yd jf cif;-þodYk
onf pdwu f kd Nird ;f csr;f rIysujf ym;apaom pdwaf &m*grsm;yif jzpfyg
onf/ þpdwfa&m*grsm;onf arG;uwnf;uygvmonf r[kwfyg/
ywf0ef;usif\ nTefjyoifMum;ay;onfrsm; rSm;onfuwpfcsuf/
udk,fawGY todtjrif0dnmPfrsm; rESHYjym;onfuwpfcsuf/ þt
csufrsm;aMumifY udk,fydkifoabmw&m;rsm; aygufyGm;vm&onfrS
tpjyK&½Sdvmaom a&m*grsm; jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifY rSefuefaom tqkH;trudk emMum;wwfaom
tqifY½Sdvsif tb,frSm xdka&m*grsm; rukefqkH; raysmufysufbJ

10
½Sdygrnfenf;¿
xdaYk MumifY udavomtp½Sad om w&m;rsm;onf vlrjS zpfymG ;
aom tema&m*grsm;uJo Y Ykd vlEiS wYf om;wnf;t&mr[kw/f tm*EÅK
{nfhonfrSsjzpfaom w&m;rSsom jzpfygonf/
udavomtp½Sdaom w&m;rsm;onf pdwfüjzpfyGm;aom
pdwfa&m*grsm;yif jzpfygonf/ pdwfonf þa&m*grsm;\ txkt
axmif; tESyd pf ufcaH e&aomaMumifY tm;tifuek cf rf; rvef;rqwf
½S&d ygonf/xdaYk MumifY vlx Y rH S udavomtp½Sad om pdwaf &m*grsm;udk
z,f½mS ;vduk v f sS if vlneG uYf ek q
f ;Hk vlpwk;H jcif;rsm; rjzpfonfjh yif vl
nGeaYf 0qm vlprsm;a0jzmaernf jzpfygonf/
vlonf tdyfwwfol?pm;wwfol?tm½kHig;yg; umr*kPfrsm;
ukd cHpm;wwfol jzpfygonf/udavomtp½Sdaom w&m;rsm; vlrS
z,f½mS ;vdu
k v f sif tdyjf cif;?pm;jcif;?cHpm;jcif;rsm; ed*;Hk urÜwf tqk;H
owfvdrfYrnf-þodkYvSsif vlvnf; vlpwkH;í ed*kH;a&mufvdrfYrnf/
þodkY awG;csifMuygonf/ tb,faMumifYqdkaomf tdyfjcif;tp½Sd
onfESifY udavomudk ruGJrjym; wom;wnf;tm;jzifY xifjrifMu
aomaMumifY jzpfygonf/
[kwfygonf/tdyfjcif;onf xdeçrd'¨çarm[udavom?pm;
jcif;onf avmbçarm[ udavom? tm½kiH g;yg; umr*kPcf pH m;jcif;
w&m;udk cHpm;jcif;onf avmbçrmeçarm[ tppudavom/þodYk
todarSmufrSm; txifxm;cJYMuygonf/
tu,ftdyfjcif;üum; xdkodkY udavomapwodufrsm; vm;

11
vm;rSsr,SOf jzpfygonf/ tdyjf cif;?pm;jcif;? tqif;ponfuckd pH m;

jcif;rsm;onf udavom½So d rl sm;ü jzpfymG ;Edik of uJo Y Ykd udavomr½Sd
olrsm;üvnf; jzpfymG ;Edik yf gonf/udavom½So d rl sm;ü jzpfymG ;&mwGif
jzpfymG ;aomaMumifY iwfrw G jf cif;wPSm t0ifc&H Ny;D qif;&Jygonf/
udavomr½So d rl sm;ü jzpfymG ;&mwGif jzpfymG ;aomaMumifY todtjrif
jzpfjcif; ynm0ifNy;D vGwaf jrmufygonf/
xdaYk MumifY udavomtp½Sad om w&m;rsm; uif;pifoo l nf
tdy?f pm;?umr þok;H 0udk jynf0h atmifjrifpmG taqmifprG ;f Edik q f ;Hk
olrsm;om jzpf&mygonf/xdaYk MumifY udavomtp½Sad omw&m;rsm;
vlrSz,f½Sm;aomfvnf; vlrsm; vlnGefYukefqkH; vlnGefYwkH;jcif;rsm;
rjzpfonftjyif vlrsm;ü vlneG aYf 0qm vlpjzmrnfrmS rvGjJ zpfyg
onf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;UUUUU
toSsijf rwfb&k m;\ &nf½, G cf suaf wmfonf vlb Y 0udk tvS
qif&efjzpfaMumif; aumif;aumif;BuD; xif½Sm;vSygonf/ b0udk
tvSqif&ef vlYxHrS tqdk;qkH;aom a&m*gb,udk nTefjyz,f½Sm;
awmfrlcJYygonf/vlonf toSsifbk&m;nTefjyaom tvSudk tu,f
í ydik q f ikd cf iG &Yf ygvsif jynf0h aomtESpo f m&½Sif jzpfciG ½Yf ydS gonf/
xdkYaMumifY toSsifbk&m;\ &nf½G,fcsufawmfonf twdkif;tqrod
eufev J yS gonf/wpfO;D wpfa,mufcsi;f aumif;pm;a&;? vGwaf jrmuf
a&;rSs ao;ao;vSDvSDr[kwfaMumif; ay:vGifvSygonf/
vl\pdwfa&m*gw&m;rsm; vGifYyg;uif;pifNyDqdkvsif xdkpif

12
Mu,fro I nf pifMu,fox l üH om &yfwahH ernf r[kwyf g/y#dZ0D ac:

wefjyefaq;rsm;rSm tpGr;f xufjruf xdorl eS o f rSsxH pifMu,frrI sm;
ul;pufjyefYESHY&rnfrvGJ jzpfygonf/
xdaYk MumifY toSsib f &k m;\w&m;awmfonf jyKvsS if jyKoo l m
aumif;aom wudk,faumif; usOf;ajrmif;aomw&m; r[kwfbJ vl
rSeo f rSsukd jzLvGpifMu,fapaMumif; aumif;aomw&m; jzpfygonf/
[kwyf gonf/vlonf udavom?oHa,mZOftp½Sad om pdwf
a&m*grsm; tuif;pifc&H Nyq D vkd sif vlt Y rSewf &m;rsm;twGuf t
oufEiS u Yf , kd uf ydk if iJu
Y u G çf ajrmfjrifawmYrnfol r[kwaf wmhyg/vlEiS Yf
trSew f &m; ESpyf g;,SONf yKd if tEdik af y;&rnfqv kd sif vlux kd nfrh pOf;
pm;bJ trSew f &m;udo k mvsif OD;pm;ay;rnfrvGJ jzpfygonf/
w&m;rSaoGznfí trSeu f akd emufxm; olwyg;ponfv h u l kd
OD;pm;ay;onfum; udavomtp½Sad om pdwaf &m*gt0ifcaH e&ol
wdkY udk,fYMur®m ukd,frzefwnf;Edkifjcif;aMumifYom jzpfygonf/
vlonf trSew f &m;udk OD;pm;ay;Nyq D vkd sif xdvk El iS Yf xd&orSs
wdoYk nf csr;f ajrNh ird ;f at;Mu&ygrnf/use;f rma&;?pD;yGm;a&;?vlraI &;?
ynma&;?Edik if aH &; tpprsm;ü tcsKd ;usNy;D avmuBu;D vSy&ef ao
csmvSygonf/
xdkYaMumifY jrwfpGmbk&m;\ &nf&G,fcsufonf wudk,fawmf
aumif;pm;a&; r[kwf/ urÇmolurÇmom; vlrsm;tm;vkH; vGwf
ajrmufa&;?Nidrf;csrf;a&; jzpfygonf/
vlü vlt Y ESpo f m&rsm;? vlt Y vStyrsm; jzpfymG ;aeNyq D vkd sif

13
vlrIqufqHa&;ü txpftaigYtm;vkH; ukefqkH;aysmufuG,fygvdrfY

rnf/þodkYjzpfvsif vlrsm;jzifYwnfaqmufxm;&aom vlYEdkifiHawmf
onfvnf; pnf;vk;H nDnw G af omEdik if aH wmf rjzpf&ef taMumif;r½Sd
awmhyg/trsm;nDvsif ]]þ}} ]]uRJ}}jzpfouJYodkY vlrsm;nDnGwfvsif
vltpkta0;jzpfaom EdkifiHawmf\tcuftcJrsm;udk acszsufausmf
vTm;Edik rf nfrmS rkcsjzpfygonf/Edik if u H kd pnf;vk;H nDnw
G Ef ikd v
f sif use;f
rma&;?pD;yGm;a&;?ynma&; tpptcufrsm; vlt Y wGuf ysujf y,fMu
&ygrnf/
vlonf wd&pämefrsm;xuf tppomvGefol jzpfygonf/
wd&pämefrsm;onf opfyifrsm;xuf omvGefMuygonf/opfyifonf
oufrt YJ &mrsm;xuf omvGeyf gonf/þtpDtpOfü ouf½?dS oufrYJ
tppwdkYxuf vl\omvGefcsufudkxkwfvsif vlonf pdwfudk tcsdK;
wus ul;wwfoef;wwfjcif;yif jzpfygonf/
,aeYvo l m;rsm;onf vltm;vk;H wdt Yk ay: o&zlaqmif;ae
jcif;rSmvnf; vl\todpw d yf if jzpfygonf/xdaYk MumifY vl\todpw d f
w&m;udk t½Sed t f [kef jrifo Y nfxufjrifaY tmif jri§ &Yf rnfrmS xif½mS ;
vSygonf/ vlom;\ pdwfa&m*grsm; vlom;xHrS z,f½Sm;ay;jcif;
avmuf todpdwfw&m;jzpfyGm;rItwGuf tcsufusaomt&monf
tb,frSm ½Sdygrnfenf;µ
vlonf vlYpdwfa&m*grsm;jzpfaom tmo0? MoC? a,m*?
*E¦? Oyg'gef? eD0&P? tEko,? oHa,mZOfESifY udavom[kqdktyf
aom pdwx f x Hk ikd ;f aejcif;? pdwef pfajrmaejcif;? pdwyf a,m*0ifae

14
jcif;? pdwrf vGwrf vyfjzpfaejcif;? pdwt f pGjJ zpfaejcif;? pdwrf yGirYf vif;
jzpfaejcif;? pdwfrEdk;Mum;jcif;? pdwf½Iwfaejcif;? pdwfnpfaejcif;-
þtaMumif;rsm;aMumifY vlrI'ku©taygif;udk r½Sif;Edkifrvif;Edkif
&ifqikd q f if;&JaeNy;D t½kyq f ;kd tusn;f wefaejcif; jzpfygonf/
Ak'¨toSsifjrwfonf vlom;xHrS þt½kyfqdk;tusnf;wef
w&m;rsm; t<uif;rJY z,f½mS ;okwo f if&efvrf;pOfukd nTejf yawmfryl g
onf/þvrf;pOfum; vlom;rsm;aqmif&ef }}rZÑrd y#dy'gvrf;pOf}}
jzpfygonf/f owdy|mef?or®y"Ü mef?£'ÿd g'f?£aNE?´ Adv k ?f aAmZÑi?f r*¾if
[kqt kd yfaom vlE;kd Ed;k Mum;Mum;aejcif;? BuKd ;BuKd ;pm;pm;aejcif;? pGr;f
pGr;f wrHaejcif;? pd;k pd;k rd;k rd;k aejcif;? Bu;D Bu;D rSL;rSL;aejcif;? odjrifatmif
aejcif;? vrf;rSefurf;rSefaejcif;rsm; jzpfygonf/
vlxY rH S vlt
Y usn;f wefw&m;rsm; pdwaf &m*grsm; z,f½mS ;ae
vsif vlonf vef;qef;aernf/£aNE´&aernf/zswfvwfaernf/
aygufajrmufaernf/ tm;jynfah ernf/xufjrufaernf/ajzmifrY wf
rSefuefaernf/ xdkYaMumifY vlom;\ta&mifonf wajymifajymif
wvufvuf xGef;vufaernf jzpfonf/
Ak'¨toSsifjrwfonf w&m;awmfrsm;udk a[mnTef&mü vl
om;tm; wajymifajymifwvufvuf ta&mifxGufaeatmif
tvSqifa&; awG;½G,fawmfrlcJYonfrSm Munfhvdkufwdkif; jrifomvS
ygonf/
Ak't¨ oSsijf rwfonf vlom;twGuf tqk;H pGeaf omNird ;f csr;f
a&;udk ay;awmfrcl yYJ gonf/vlom;rsm; tdjk cif;MumifjY zpfaomqif;&JrS

15
Nidrf;csrf;a&;udkvnf; ay;awmfrlcJYygonf/ emjcif;aMumifYjzpfaom

qif;&JrS Nird ;f csr;f a&;? aojcif;çaejcif;çcspo f El iS u Yf jJG cif;ç rke;f olEiS w Yf JG
jcif;ç &wmrvdk vdw k mr&jzpfjcif;rsm;aMumifjY zpfaom qif;&JrS Nird ;f
csrf;a&;udkvnf; ay;awmfrlcJYygonf/
Ak'¨toSsifjrwf\ &nf½G,fcsufawmfonf vlom;twGuf
þodkYyif tqkH;pGefNidrf;csrf;a&; jzpfygonf/vlrsm;aoNyD;aemuf
aumif;aumif;jzpfa&;? qdk;qkd;rjzpfa&;? aumif;aumif;çqdk;qdk;
ESprf sKd ;vk;H rjzpfa&;rsm;onf Ak't ¨ oSsijf rwf\ &nf½, G cf surf [kwyf g/
þ&nf½G,fcsufrsm;onf txufvrf;&nf½G,fcsufrsm; jzpfygonf/
xdkYjyif jrwfpGmbk&m;\&nf½G,fcsufawmfonf atmufvrf;
&nf½G,fcsufvnf; r[kwfyg/ tm½kHig;yg;aemuf aumufaumuf
vdkufEdkifa&;? *kPfod&fçtmPmçtausmftapmrsm;aemuf aumuf
aumufvdkufEdkifa&;onf atmufvrf;\&nf½G,fcsuf jzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ &nf½G,fcsufawmfonf vlom;xktay:
nGwfnGwfEl;El; uGefYjrL;wnfaeygonf/
txufvrf;&nf½G,fcsufuJYodkY vludkvnf; rvGefyg/
atmufvrf;&nf½G,fcsufuJYodkY vlüvnf; repfyg/
jrwfpmG bk&m;\ &nf½, G cf suaf wmfonf rdru d Ekd rdS cYf sí ywf
0ef;usiu f v kd nf; rjri§ ?Yf rdru
d jkd ri§ íYf ywf0ef;usiu f v kd nf; rESrd yYf g/
atmufvrf;&nf½G,fcsufonf rdrdudkjr§ifYygonf/
txufvrf;&nf½, G cf suo f nf rdrud Ekd rdS í Yf ywf0ef;usiu f kd
jr§ifYygonf/

16
atmufvrf;çtxufvrf; &nf½G,fcsufrsm;onf twåESifY

y&vGeu f aJ om &nf½, G cf surf sm; jzpfonf/þü y&onf tewå\
teufjzpfaomMumifY txufvrf;&nf½G,fcsufonf tewåvGefuJ
aom &nf½G,fcsuf[k qdkEdkifygonf/twåçtewåESpf0 vGefuJrIrsm;
uif;rS Nird ;f csr;f ygrnf/jrwfpmG bk&m;\&nf½, G cf suaf wmfonf twåç
tewåESpf0vGefuJrIrS uif;jcif;jzpfygonf/
twåESifYtewåonf qefYusifbufw&m;ESpfyg; jzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf qefYusifbufrsm;udk ausmfvTm; vGefajrmufyg
onf/qefu Y sib f uf(0da&m"d)w&m;rsm;udk ausmv f mT ;vGeaf jrmufjcif;
onf Nird ;f csr;f jcif; jzpfygonf/
tdjk cif;-ysKd jcif;? omjcif;-emjcif;? aojcif;-aejcif;? cspo f El iS Yf
uGJjcif;ponfrsm;onfvnf; qefYusifbufrsm; jzpfygonf/þqefY
usifbufrsm;onf vludkvGefjcif;? vlüepfjcif;r½SdolwdkYtwGuf
t"dyÜg,fjcm;em;csuf rsm;pGmr½Sdyg/xdkYaMumifY þjcm;em;csufrsm;t
wGuf pd;k &dryf al qG; idak <u;0rf;enf; qif;&Jyifyef;jcif; Nird ;f ygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;\&nf½G,fcsufawmfonf þodkY rlao½Sdaom
aMumifY wpfOD;csif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; odkYr[kwf tdrfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;?
&yf½mG wGi;f Nird ;f csr;f a&;? NrKd UjyEdik if w
H iG ;f Nird ;f csr;f a&;??þuJo Y Ykd ao;ao;
wmwmNidrf;csrfa&; r[kwf/urÇmYvlom;BuD;wpfckvkH; Nidrf;csrf;a&;
jzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;w&m;awmf\ &nf½G,fcsufonf vlom;rsm;
taMumufw&m; uif;uGma&;? trdu k w f &m; uif;uGma&;rsm; jzpfyg

17
onf/xdaYk MumifY vlpY w d "f mwfNird ;f csr;f a&;uav;rSs r[kwyf g/vlu Y rÇm
wpfcv k ;Hk Nird ;f csr;f a&; jzpfygonf/xdaYk MumifY jrwfpmG bk&m; &nf½, G f
awmfral omNird ;f csr;f a&;onf tjrifw Y umwdx Yk ufjrifaY om Nird ;f csr;f
a&; jzpfygonforYkd [kwf avmukw&å mNird ;f csr;f a&; jzpfygonf/
teEÅtodynmwdkYudk ydkifqdkifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;UUUU
wynfhawmfwdkYonf rodonfhtavsmuf arSmufcJY?rSm;cJYMu
ygonf/toSsifjrwfbk&m;\ &nf½G,fcsufawmfonf aemufb0ç
aemifb0twGuf oufoufom jzpfonf? vlwpfO;D csi;f twGuo f m
jzpfonf- þodkY vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm; vGJrSm;NyD; toSsifbk&m;\ w&m;
rsm;onf aemufb0twGuf oufoufom[k wynfah wmfrsm;onf
vlYtwGuf 0uGufz,fxm;cJYrdMuygonf/
xdkYjyif toSsifbk&m;\ w&m;awmfonf vlYavmu vGwf
ajrmufrEI iS rYf qdik f bmoma&;orm; vGwaf jrmufvo kd l wpfO;D csi;f ESiYf
omqdkifonf-þodkY tjrifazmufjym; rSm;cJYMuygonf/
wynfYawmfwdkYonf toSsifjrwfbk&m;tm; ,kHpm;jrwfEdk;Mu
aomfvnf; rodonfhtavsmuf arSmufcJY?rSm;cJYMurdygonf/þt
jypfw&m;rsm;udk tjypf[½k v I suf aemifrjzpfymG ;atmif BuKd ;pm;Mu
ygrnf/wynfhawmfwdkYtm; þtjypftwGuf cGifYvTwfawmfrlyg&ef
½dak onTwu f sKd ; ½Scd ;kd awmif;yef avSsS mufxm;tyfygonf- twdik ;f rod
aus;\Zl;awmfocif Ak'¨toSsifjrwfBuD;bk&m;/ /
Ak'¨0g'&nf½G,fcsuf "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; NyD;\/

18
19

19
r*¾opöm "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; 20
r*¾opöm "r®yZl m bk&m;½Scd ;kd
twdkif;rod aus;Zl;awmfocif Ak'¨toSsifjrwfBuD;bk&m;UUU

wynfhawmfrsm;onf rodonfhtavsmuf rdkufcJYMuygonf/
toSsifbk&m;\ &nf½G,fcsufawmfrsm;udk rSm;,Gif;pGm odjrifcJYonfh
twGuf toSsifbk&m;udk trJuGufrsm; pGef;xif;apcJYygonf/ þ
twGuf wynfhawmfrsm; ½dkaonTwfusdK; ½Sdcdk;cJY&ygNyD/
,ckwbefvnf; toSsifbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlaom w
&m;awmfonf ]]rw&m;\ ajymif;jyefqefu Y sib f uf}}jzpfaomt&m
om jzpfygonf/
toSSsifbk&m;onf yd#uwfawmfü yk*¾vZÑmo,? a'oem
0dvmotm;jzifY w&m;awmftpm;pm; trsm;tjym; a[mcJYaomf
vnf; tcsKyftm;jzifY rw&m;\ajymif;jyef qefYusifbufrsm;om
jzpfygonf/
xdaYk MumifY toSsS ib
f &k m;w&m;awmfü r*Fvmw&m; ok;H q,fh
½Spfyg;onfvnf; w&m;yifjzpfygonf/arwåokwåefjzifY a[mMum;
tyfaom arwåmw&m;onfvnf; w&m;yif jzpfygonf/ypöa0u©
Pmw&m;? tbdPSw&m;? jA[®0d[m&w&m;? yknBud,w&m;? yOö
*½k"r®ov D w&m;? 'ookp&dw"r®w&m; tp½Sad om w&m;rsm;onf
vnf; w&m;yifjzpfygonf/owdy|mefw&m;? or®yÜ"mefw&m;?
£'ÿd g'fw&m;? £aNEw ´ &m;? Adv k çf aAmZÑiçf r*¾i-f þw&m;rsm;vnf;
w&m;yif jzpfygonf/

20
þw&m;rsm;onf toGiftm;jzifY taxGaxGjzpfatmif

jym;aeaomfvnf; rw&m;\ ajymif;jyefqefu Y sib
f uftjzpf[al om
oabmtm;jzifY wom;wnf;jzpfMuygonf/
xdkYjyifvnf; toSsifbk&m;a[mMum;cJYaom þw&m;rsm;
onf vlukd Nird ;f csr;f apaMumif; vrf;aumif;vrf;ajzmifY jzpfaom
aMumifY 'kue© ad &m"*grdeyD #dy'g w&m;csn;f vnf; jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifYÞ
jrwfpGmbk&m;\w&m;awmfonf rw&m;\ajymif;jyefqefY
usifbuft&mrsm;om trSeftppf jzpfcJYygonf/jrwfpGmbk&m;\
w&m;awmfonf vlukd ]]rw&m;\ajymif;jyeftjzpf wnfapa&;}}jzpf
ygonf/
r*Fvmw&m; ok;H q,f½Y pS yf g;onf rw&m;\ ajymif;jyefqefY
usifbufjzpfaomw&m; jzpfygonf/xdkYjyif r*Fvmw&m;rsm;onf
vlukd 'kuc© yford ;f Nird ;f apaMumif;vnf; jzpfygonf/xdaYk MumifY r*Fvm
w&m;onf usifYBuHBudK;ukwf tm;xkwftyfygonf/
r*Fvmw&m;udk yGm;rsm;vSsif 'kuN© ird ;f aMumif;w&m;udk yGm;
rsm;jcif;jzpfaomaMumifY 'kuN© ird ;f at;jcif;tusKd ;rsm; yGm;wd;k jzpfxeG ;f
ygrnf/
xdjYk yif r*Fvmw&m; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwo f ol nf tr*Fvmjzpf
aom 'ku©jzpfaMumif;udkvnf; y,fowfNyD;jzpfygonf/tr*Fvmudk
yGm;vsif 'ku©jzpfrnfudkvnf; ydkif;jcm;íodygonf/þodkYyif od?y,f?
qdkuf?yGm; av;yg;udpö tpkHtvif jynfh0ygonf/

21
jrwfpGmbk&m;UUUUUU
toSsib f &k m;\ r*Fvmw&m;ok;H q,f½Y pS yf g;onf vlrsm;Nird ;f
csrf;a&;udk&nf½G,fí vlrsm;Nidrf;csrf;MuaMumif; usifYpOfr*¾tjzpf
toSsifbk&m;a[mMum;cJYaomw&m;awmf jzpfygonf/
arwåmpaom <uif;aomw&m;awmfwdkYonfvnf; þenf;
twlyif jzpfygonf/jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mMum;awmfral om w&m;awmf
wdik ;f onf rw&m;\ajymif;jyefqefu Y sibf uftjzpfcsn;f jzpfygonf/
xdjYk yif w&m;wdik ;f onfvnf; vlrsm;Nird ;f csr;f Mua&; &nf½, G f
csujf zifY vlNY ird ;f csr;f aMumif; usipYf Ofr*¾tjzpf a[mMum;cJo Y nfcsn;f
jzpfonf/aemufqkH;ü r*Fvmjzpfap?arwåmjzpfap?ypöa0u©Pmjzpf
ap?owdy|mefjzpfap?aAmZÑijf zpfap?r*¾ijf zpfap?yknBu, d jzpfap?okp
½du
k jf zpfap tm;vk;H aomw&m;rsm;onf twlwo l m jzpfMuygonf/
Ak'¨toSsifjrwfbk&m;UUUUU
toSsib f &k m;a[mMum;cJaY om w&m;awmfrsm;onf rw&m;
\ ajymif;jyefqefYusifbufjzpfaom t&mcsnfhom jzpfMuygonf/
xdjYk yif xdw k &m;rsm;onf vlrsm;usiBYf uaH &;? vlq Y if;&Jukd ydik ;f jcm;od
jrifa&;? tusirYf mS ;jzpfaom rw&m;rsm;ukd pufqw k ½f ½HG mS ESv;Hk em
a&;? vlrsm;Nird ;f csr;f Mua&;- þta&;av;csuf wNyKd ief uf aqmif
½GuEf ikd pf rG ;f ½Syd gonf/
þodaYk [mMum;awmfral om w&m;awmfrsm;onf jrwfpmG bk
&m; aumif;pGma[mMum;tyfaomw&m;awmfrsm; jzpfMuygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;UUUU

22
toSsifjrwfbk&m;onf þodkYyif a[mMum;cJYaomfvnf;

omomemESpaf xmifiY g;&mausmcf NYJ yjD zpfaom ,aeYacwfrmS usipYf Of
r*¾iw f &m; txift½Sm;rsm;udk ausmv f mT ;ouJo Y Ykd aerdcMYJ uygonf/
wynfah wmfwYkd rodao;aom w&m;udyk if toSsib f &k m; a[mMum;cJY
aom r*fw&m;jzpfonf[k wynfhawmfwdkY ,lqaerdcJYMuygonf/
xdkYxufvnf; rodonfhtavsmuf rdkufrdcJYMuygao;onf/
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf zdv
k w f &m;udk w&m;[kxifjcif;? edAmÁ efw&m;udk
w&m;[kxifjcif;? oiftu H surf w
S &f eftwGuo f mjzpfaom y&d,wf
w&m;udkvnf; usifYpOfr*¾"r®w&m;xifjcif;rsm; jzpfcJYMuygonf/
xdjYkd yifvnf; r*¾i½f pS yf g;rS w&m;xifjcif;? aAmZÑicf ek pfyg;rS w&m;xif
jcif;rsm; jzpfymG ;aerdcMYJ uygonf/aemufyw d q
f ;Hk tm;jzifY ½ky?f emrfEpS f
yg; y&rwfw&m;rsm;udk w&m;[k xifrdcJYMuonftxd jzpfygonf/
þodkYyif w&m;r[kwf&mü w&m;vkyfrdonftxd w&m;-
rw&m;ü rjywfrom; jzpfcMYJ uygonf/wynfah wmfrsm; usiBYf uv H suf
½Sdaom r*Fvm?arwåmpaom rw&m;\ ajymif;jyefqefYusifbuf
jzpfaom usifYpOfr*¾w&m;rsm;udkausmfí wynfhawmfrsm; rodao;
aomw&m;udk usifYpOfr*¾w&m;xifum ½SmazGrdMuaomaMumifY
wynfhawmfrsm;onf w&m;rsufapY tvnfcHcJYMu&ygonf/
xdjYk yifvnf; wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf owdy|mefav;yg;rS w&m;
xifaomaMumifY r*Fvm?arwåmpaomw&m;rsm;udk avmuDw&m;
paom tvum;w&m;[k txifao;Ny;D owdy|mef\ tppftrSef
o½kyjf zpfaom r*Fvmpaomw&m;rsm;ü tzGirYf mS ;,Gi;f rIrsm; jzpf

23
yGm;cJYMu&ygonf/aemufqkH;tm;jzifY ½kyfçemrfy&rwfudk w&m;xif

jcif;um; tzwfqnfr&Edik af vmufatmif vGrJ mS ;jcif;rsm;udk vGeu f sL;
cJYMujcif;rsm; jzpfygonf/
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf w&m;awmfpm&if;wGif ½kyçf emrfy&rwf
rsm;udk txifvif;qk;H xnfo h iG ;f rSwo
f m; aecJrY Md uygonf/xdo
k jYkd zpf
aomfvnf; ½kyçf emrfy&rwfonf jrwfpmG bk&m;\ w&m;awmfpm&if;
ü xnfhoGif;ívkH;0rjzpfaomt&mom jzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ]]w&m;udk rw&m;\ajymif;jyeftjzpf}}
om a[mMum;cJyY gonf/½kyçf emrfy&rwfonf rw&m;\ajymif;jyef
qefYusifbuftjzpf r[kwfyg/yGm;rsm;tyfaomw&m;onf rw&m;
\ajymif;jyef qefu Y sib f ufjzpfaomw&m;om jzpfygonf/odrYk v S nf;
'kuN© ird ;f ygrnf/xdaYk MumifY ½kyef mrfonf w&m; vk;H 0r[kwyf g/
jrwfpGmbk&m;UUUU
wynfhawmfrsm;onf todtvdr®menf; tjrifonf;cJYMuyg
onf/r*Fvm?arwåmpaom w&m;rsm;onfvnf; ½ky"f mwfçemrf"mwf
y&rwfrsm;rS ajy;ívGwfrnfr[kwf[lí wynhfawmfrsm; xifcJYMu
ygonf/r*Fvmponfukd t&aumufvsif ½kyçf emrfy&rwfyif&aom
aMumifY jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifY wynfhawmfwdkY\ todÓPfrsm; a½SmfMuygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY twGuftcsufü rw&m;\ajymif;jyefjzpfaom usifY
pOfr*¾w&m;onf t&aumuftajccHtm;jzifY ½kyf"mwfçemrf"mwf
y&rwfrsm;jzpfvsif ½ky?f emrfy&rwfrsm;vnf; usipYf Ofr*¾jzpf&rnf-

24
þodkYyif wynfhawmfwdkY todÓPfrsm; pl;cJYça&mufcJYMuygonf/

½kyçf emrfy&rwfrsm;\ Bu, d m0daoojzpfaom r*Fvmonf
w&m;jzpf&rnfudk rod?rxif?rjrif jzpfcJYMuygonf/Oyrmtm;jzifY
apwDçykx;kd wd\ Yk tajccHypön;f onf tkwrf sm;çt*Fawrsm; jzpfaomf
vnf; apwDçykx;kd ü ½Scd ;kd ylaZmftyfouJo Y Ykd tkwrf sm;çt*Fawrsm;onf
ylaZmftyfonf[k ,lqrdcJYouJYodkY jzpfaeygonf/
apwDçykxdk;onf tkwfçt*FawjzifY jyKvkyfxm;aomfvnf;
tkwçf t*Fawrsm;onf apwDçykx;kd r[kwaf y/apwDçykx;kd onf tkwçf
t*Fawrsm;\ Bu, d m0daoorSsom jzpfonf/apwDçykx;kd onftw k çf
t*Fawrsm;udkqdkonf r[kwfyg/
xdaYk MumifY ½kyçf emrfy&rwfrsm;onf trSet f m;jzifY usipYf Ofr*¾
rsm; r[kwyf g/r*Fvm?arwåmpaomw&m;udk ½kyçf emrfygaomaMumifY
½kyçf emrfrsm;[k rSw, f rl jd cif;onf apwDçykx;kd rsm;udk tkwçf t*Faw
rsm;[k jrifaomaMumifY apwDyx k ;kd taysmufc&H jcif;&uJo Y Ykd tzwf
qnfr&atmif vGrJ mS ;jcif;rsm;udk usL;vGerf Md ujcif; jzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;w&m;awmfonf wynfhawmfwdkY odxifNyD;
aom w&m;rsm;udkausmfvGefí rod&ao;aomt&mjzpfonfh r*f
w&m;ESiYf zdv k w f &m;? edAmÁ efw&m;? y&d,wfw&m;? ½kyçf emrfw&m;rsm;
r[kwMf uyg/]]rw&m;\ ajymif;jyefqefu Y sibf ufjzpfaomw&m;}}om
jrwfpGmbk&m;\w&m;awmf jzpfygonf/
r*Fvmpaom rw&m;\ ajymif;jyefqefu Y sib
f ufjzpfonfh
w&m;rsm;onf odum© ok;H yg;? r*¾i½f pS yf g;? aAmZÑicf ek pfyg;? £aNEig;

25
yg;? jA[®0[d m&av;yg;? uHo;Hk yg; ponftm;jzifv Y nf; yg0ifygonf/

jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlaomw&m;awmfrsm;onf
taxGaxGtjym;jym;rsm;aomfvnf; wpfyg;ESiw Yf pfyg; wu,frjcm;
bJ tESpfom&tm;jzifY wom;wnf;wlnDMuygonf/r*¾ifrS w&m;
r[kwyf g/aAmZÑirf S w&m;r[kw/f owdy|mefrS w&m;r[kwyf g/r*F
vm?arwåm?yknBud,m?okp½dkuftp½Sdaom w&m;rsm;onfvnf;
w&m;yif jzpfygonf/
þw&m;rsm;onfvnf; 'ku©udkydkif;jcm;oda&;?ork',y,f
a&;? eda&m"qdu k af &;twGuf usi&Yf rnfh tusiw Yf &m;rsm;csn;f jzpf
Muygonf/
xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; wynfhawmfwdkYonf owdy|mefrS w
&m;? r*¾irf S w&m; xifcMYJ uolrsm; jzpfygonf/r*Fvm?arwåmpaom
w&m;rsm;udk w&m;[k rxifcMYJ uolrsm; jzpfygonf/r*Fvm?arwåmp
onfudkyGm;jcif;jzifY 'ku©udk ydkif;jcm;odEdkifvdrfYrnf[k rxifMuyg/
xdtYk wl ork',udk y,fEikd v f rd rYf nf?eda&m"qdu
k Ef ikd v
f rd rYf nf[v
k nf;
rxifcMYJ uolrsm; jzpfcMYJ uygonf/xdaYk MumifY r*Fvmpaomw&m;rsm;
udk avmukw&å mw&m;rsm; r[kw?f avmuDw&m;omjzpfonf-þodYk
yif wynfhawmfwdkY xifcJYMujcif; jzpfygonf/avmuDw&m;onf
bk&m;w&m;yif tppfr[kwf jzpfygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf avmuDw&m;udak [mrnf r[kwyf g/jrwf
pGmbk&m;\ "r®u©E¨mrsm;onf rsm;aomfvnf; opömtxG#f wyfr&
onf[lí r½Sd&myg/

26
þodkYjzpfvsif t&d,opömqdkufaomw&m;onf avmuD

w&m;rsm; rjzpfEikd yf g/þodyYk if wynfah wmfrsm; ÓPfrupm;cJMY uyg/
xdkYaMumifY r*Fvmpaomw&m;rsm;rSm avmuD[lí r½Sdedkif
&myg/usio Yf u l tpGOJ yg'gefjzifY usiv Yf siu
f m; avmuDrsS jzpfciG ½Yf ydS g
onf/usifYolu tpGJOyg'gefESifY usifYvsifum; r*Fvm?arwåmonf
omru owdy|mef?r*¾if?aAmZÑifrsm;vnf; avmuDom jzpf&myg
onf/jynfwefywåjrm;jzpfaomfvnf; tbdk;rxdkufouJYodkY jzpfyg
onf/
owdy|mefpaom aAm"dyu©, d w&m;rsm;yifjzpfaomfvnf;
umrkyg'gefpaom Oyg'gefrsm;jzifY yGm;rsm;olvufü owdy|mefp
onfonf 'ku©oda&;? ork',y,fa&;?eda&m"qdkufa&;? tusifYt
yGm;rsm;a&; r[kwaf wmhaomaMumifY opömr0ifjzpfNy;D avmuDyif
jzpfEikd yf gonf/r*Fvmpaom w&m;onfvnf; pD;yGm;jzpfa&;?Bu;D yGm;
jzpfa&;paom Oyg'gefrsm;jzifY usiyYf mG ;ygvsif avmuDyif jzpfwef&m
ygonf/
t&d,mwdkY tqdktqkH;rudk&aom A[kokw½Sdolonf r*F
vm?arwåmpaomw&m;rsm;udk 'kuo © pömydik ;f jcm;oda&;?ork',opöm
pufqw k ½f ½HG mS ESv;Hk ema&;? eda&m"qdu k af &mufa&;? usiBYf uBH uKd ;ukwf
tm;xkwfrnfqdkvsif(r*¾) avmuDr[kwf avmukwå&mr*Fvm?
arwåmponf tppf jzpfygonf/
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf þrSs qd;k 0g;½dik ;f pdik ;f rIrsm;udk z,f½mS ;Edik f
atmif tywfwukwf tm;xkwf?BudK;pm;Mu&ygrnf bk&m;/wynfh

27
awmfwdkYonf r*Fvm?arwåmponfrsm; w&m;r[kwf? owdy|mefp

onfrw S &m;[kwf vkycf MYJ uonfrmS rsm;pGmrSm;,Gi;f epfemvSygonf/
tb,faMumifq Y akd omf wynhaf wmfwo Ykd nf r*Fvmponfrsm; w&m;
r[kw-f xifonfuyif owdy|mefponfrsm; w&m;[kwaf tmif r½I
yGm;Edik af o;aMumif; azmfjyaeaomaMumifY jzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;UUUUU
wynfhawmfwdkYonf owdy|mefponfrsm; avmukwå&mw
&m;jzpfatmif yGm;Edik rf o S m r*Fvmponfrsm;vnf; avmukw&å mjzpf
aMumif; &dyrf o d ½d EdS ikd rf nf jzpfygonf/xdaYk MumifY owdy|mefrS w&m;
xifcaYHJ om wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf w&m;xifaomw&m;udyk if wu,f
w&m;jzpfatmif ryGm;Edik af omaMumifY rSm;,Gi;f epfemvSygonf/
[kwfygonf/wynfhawmfwdkYonf owdy|mefponfrsm; yGm;
rsm;Mu&mü ig-aysmuf?yk*Kd¾ vçf owå0gaysmufukd a&muf&rnfyh ef;wdik f
xm;í yGm;rsm;rdcMYJ uygonf/þodYk yGm;rsm;jcif;rsm;onf owdy|mef
udk ]]t&d,opömqdu kd f yGm;rsm;jcif;}}r[kwfbJ? ]]½kyçf emrfy&rwfqu kd f
yGm;rsm;jcif;}}jzpfí y&rw¬opömrSsqdkufatmif yGm;rsm;í avmuDw
&m;yGm;rsm;Mujcif; jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf owdy|mefponfudk þodkY yGm;rsm;rd
aomaMumifY b,fawmhrsS avmukw&å m rjzpfawmhyg/owdy|mefukd
avmukw&å mjzpfatmif ½IymG ;&efrmS owdponfh t½Ict H m½krH sm;ü
'kup© aom vu©Pmrsm;udk ½IymG ;&ygrnf/½kyçf emrfjzifY vlazsmufxm;
rdaomaMumifY 'ku©vu©Pm\ vu©P0EÅjzpfaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;yif

28
r½SdaomaMumifY 'ku©vu©Pmponfudk ½IyGm;r&jzpfNyD; wynfhawmf

wdykY mG ;aom owdy|mefponfonf avmuDrsS omjzpf&jcif; jzpfyg
onf/
owdy|mefponfukd avmukw&å mjzpfatmif r½IymG ;Edik jf cif;
onf r*Fvmponfuv kd nf; avmukw&å mjzpfatmif odxifEikd jf cif;
r½S&d eftaMumif; jzpfygonf/r*Fvmponfukd yGm;rsm;&mü vlurkd
aysmufysuaf pbJ vlay:rS r*Fvmysujf cif;aMumifY yGm;rsm;rnfh 'ku©
vu©Pmrsm;udk ydkif;jcm;odxifNyD; þuJYodkYaom'ku©rsm; Nidr;fat;
csr;f ajrah tmif tr*Fvmrsm;udyk ,fí r*Fvmowif;rsm;ukd yGm;rsm;
&ygrnf/
þodYk r*Fvmponfukd vlraysmufatmif yGm;Edik v
f sif owd
y|mefponfudkvnf; yGm;Edkifygrnf/þodkYyif owdy|mefponfudk
w&m;[kwaf tmif yGm;Edik v f sif r*Fvmponfvnf; w&m;jzpfaMumif;
odEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlaom w&m;awmfonfum;
owdy|mefponfrS w&m;r[kwyf g/½kyrf sm;çemrfrsm; rod&ao;aom
r*fw&m;?zdkvfw&m;?edAÁmefw&m;rsm; r[kwfyg/vlwpfOD;ESifYwpfOD;
xdpyfqufqHMu&mü rw&m;\ajymif;jyef qefYusifbufjzpfaom
t&mrsm;omjzpfygonf/jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mMum;awmfral om w&m;
awmf\o½kyfonf tpydkif;ü wynfhawmfrsm; avSsmufxm;cJYonfh
twdkif; r*Fvm?arwåm tp½Sdonfrsm;yif jzpfMuygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;UUUU

29
wynfhawmfwdkYonf rodonfhtavsmuf w&m;udk emrfbJç

½kyfbJ tvGJvGJtrSm;rSm; rsm;pGmajymqdk rSwfxifcJYrdMuygonf/þt
rSm;rsm;twGuf toSsib f &k m;tm; xdyg;epfemapouJo Y jYkd zpfygonf/
þtjypfonf wynfah wmfwüYkd rsm;pGmepfemapygonf/þtjypfukd
tjypftm;avsmpf mG aemufxyfwbef rjzpfay:&ef wynfah wmfwYkd
½IMunfhMuygrnf/
wynfhawmfwdkYtm; iJYn§moem;aomtm;jzifY toSSsifjrwf
bk&m;onf þtjypfrsm;rS cGifYvTwfawmfrlygrnfhtaMumif; toSsif
jrwfb&k m;tm; ½dak onTwu f sKd ; vufprHk ;kd í txyfxyf½cdS ;kd uefawmh
tyfygonfUUUU teEÅaus;Zl;awmfocif Ak't ¨ oSsijf rwfBu;D bk&m;UUUUU/
r*¾opöm "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; NyD;\/

30
eda&m"opöm "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; 31

31
eda&m"opöm "r®yZSl mbk&m;½Scd ;kd
Ak'¨toSsifjrwfbk&m;UUUUUU
wynfhawmfwdkYonf r*¾opömtrSm;rsm;jzifY toSSsifbk&m;
tm; jypfrmS ;rdcMYJ uonfukd OD;nTwu f sKd ; ½Scd ;kd uefawmhc&YJ ygNy/D ,ck
wbef jrwfpmG bk&m;\ eda&m"opömjzifY wynhaf wmfrsm; rSm;cJrY d
onfudk OD;csnTwfusdK; uefawmYcGifYjyKawmfrlygbk&m;UUUUUU/
jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;nTefjyawmfrlcJYaom eda&m"opöm
(edAÁmef)onf Nidrf;csrf;jcif;(oEÅdokc)?vGwfajrmufjcif;(0drkwå)?trSD
tcdu k if;jcif;(edó&P) tp½Sad om vlüjzpfaom þoabmw
&m;rsm;om jzpfygonf/
edAmÁ efonf vl\ 'kuc© yford ;f uif;Nird ;f csr;f omonf t
jzpf? vl\ umr*kPt f m½krH sm;rS trScD ukd if;onftjzpf tp½Sad om
tjzpfrsm; jzpfygonf/þedAmÁ efonf wynfah wmfwYkd avSsmufxm;Ny;D
cJo
Y nfth wdik ;f oabmtm;jzifY wpfyg;wnf;yif½adS omfvnf; tjcif;
t&mtp½Sdaomtm;jzifY trsm;tjym; ajymqdkavSsmufxm;cGifY ½Sdyg
ao;onf/
udavomçtmo0tcsKd Ut0ufro S m vGwaf jrmufNy;D udav
omçtmo0tcsdKUt0uf vufusef½Sdao;aomedAÁmef? udavomç
tmo0 vkH;0vufusefr½SdaomedAÁmef[lí jzpfygonf/
w&m;usifYqJyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf udavomçtmo0tcsdKUrS
vGwfajrmufaomfvnf;? udavomçtmo0tcsdKUrSm vufusef½Sdae

32
Muygao;onf/olwdkYvnf; vGwfajrmufaeol? Nidrf;csrf;aeol? trSD

tcdkuif;aeolrsm;yif jzpfMuygonf/olwdkY\vGwfajrmufrI ponf
onfvnf; edAÁmefyifjzpfygonf/xdkedAÁmefonf udavomçtmo0
vufusef½Sdao;aomedAÁmef jzpfygonf/
w&m;awmfrsm;usiNYf y;D í w&m;awmfrsm;&aeNy;D aom yk*Kd¾ vf
rsm;onf udavomçtmo0 vufusefr½Sdawmholrsm; jzpfMuyg
onf/vGwaf jrmufaeol? Nird ;f csr;f aeol? trSt D cduk if;aeolrsm;yif
jzpfMuygonf/olw\ Ykd vGwaf jrmufreI Ad mÁ efonf udavomçtmo0
vufusefr½SdaomedAÁmef jzpfygonf/
xdjYk yif Nird ;f csr;f vGwaf jrmufatmif jyKvyk rf \ I axGjym;csuf
t&vnf; edAmÁ efonf ok;H rsKd ;jzpfjyefygonf/
w&m;awmfu½kd yI mG ;aom yk*Kd¾ vo f nf rdrt d m;'kua© y;Edik af om
ud,k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk trIrsm;udk rdr(d twå)tjzpf tzwfqnfp&m ud, k pf ;kd
ud, k yf ikd rf & tcsn;f ES;D okn[k ½IymG ;aomaMumifY tewåvu©Pmudk
jrifygonf/olonf rdru d ,
dk u
f kd rpd;k rydik ;f jcif;'kur© S vGwaf jrmufNird ;f
csr;f ygonf/ol\ vGwaf jrmufNird ;f csr;f rIonf edAmÁ efjzpfygonf/xdk
edAÁmefonf udk,fYudk,fudk tzwfqnfr&onfhtjzpfudkodí vGwf
ajrmufaomedAÁmef(oknwedAÁmef) jzpfygonf/
w&m;awmfudk½IyGm;aom tcsdKUyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf rdrdtm;'ku©
ay;Edik af om ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk ok;H yg;trIrsm;udk þtrIrsm;ü a½Sah &;
aemufa&; arSsmfawG;aumuf,lp&m edrdwfr&? tedrdwå[kyGm;aom
aMumifY tedpövu©Pmudk jrifygonf/olonf arSsmfae&oltjzpf

33
qif;&JrS vGwfajrmufygonf/xdkol\ vGwfajrmufNidrf;csrf;rIonf

edAÁmefjzpfygonf/xdkedAÁmefonf arSsmfawG;p&mr½Sdonf\tjzpfudk
odí vGwaf jrmufNird ;f csr;f aomedAmÁ ef(tedrw d eå Ad mÁ ef) jzpfygonf/
w&m;awmf½IyGm;aom tcsdKUyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf rdrdtm;'ku©ay;
Edik af om ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk w&m;trIrsm;udk þtrIrsm;ü csr;f omokc
awmifYwp&m yPd[dwr&?tyÜPd[dw[k½IaomaMumifY 'ku©vu©
Pmudk jrifygonf/olonf csr;f omokcawmifw Y aeoltjzpf qif;&J
rSvw G af jrmufygonf/xdo k \
l vGwaf jrmufro
I nf edAmÁ efjzpfygonf/
xdkedAÁmefonf csrf;omokcawmifYwp&mr½Sdonf\tjzpfudk odí
vGwfajrmufNidrf;csrf;aomedAÁmef(tyÜPd[dwedAÁmef) jzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;UUUUUUU
toSsifjrwfbk&m;onf w&m;awmfusifYBuHjcif;aMumifY &½Sd
aomtusKd ;jzpfaomedAmÁ efukd wynfah wmfrsm; avSsmufxm;cJo Y nfrsS
ru taxGaxGtjym;jym; rsm;pGm½dSaomfvnf; trSeftm;jzifY vlt
rsm;Nidrf;csrf;jcif;oabm wpfyg;wnf;om a[mcJYygonf/xdkodkYjzpf
aomfvnf; wynfhawmfwdkYonf þodkY em;rvnfcsif jzpfaecJYMuyg
onf/
wynfhawmfwdkY em;vnfodjrifNyD; ÓPf0ifoabmaygufae
aomedAÁmefrSm vlrsm;aoNyD;aemuf bmrSsrjzpfaomoabm[k[lí
xifaecJYMuygonf/edAÁmefudk þtxdrxif&vSsif jynfh0onf[k
wynfhawmfwdkY rxifMuyg/wynfhawmfwdkYtjrifü vlraorD rsuf
arSmufjyKEdkifaom edAÁmef[lí r½Sdr[kwfaomfvnf; aoNyD;aemuf

34
edAmÁ ef[í l ½Su d ½kd adS o;onf[k rxifbrJ aeEdik f jzpfcyYJ gonf/wynfh
awmfwdkYtwGuf aoNyD;edAÁmefonfom aZmuyfp&m[k tm½kHusae
Muygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\ þ-aoNyD;aemufedAÁmefonf vludk pdwåZ
e,fbuf ouf0ifapaom BuD;rm;vGef;aomt&mtjzpf jrwfpGm
bk&m; jrifawmfryl gvdrrYf nf/tb,faY Mumifq Y akd omf vlonf aoNy;D
aemufbmrSrjzpfjcif;oabm[laom edAÁmefodkYa&mufonfqdkvSsif
xdek Ad mÁ efoabmjzpfaeonf[í l yif vk;H 0r½SEd ikd af omaMumifY jzpfyg
onf/
trSeüf edAmÁ efonf Nird ;f csr;f jcif;vu©Pm ½S&d ygonf/Nird ;f
csr;f olr½Sb d J Nird ;f csr;f jcif;vu©Pmonf ½SEd ikd ½f ;kd r½S&d myg/edAmÁ efonf
r*f?zdkvfw&m;wdkY\ tm½kHjzpfygonf/r*f?zdkvf&olaoNyD;aemuf
ol&cJYaomr*f?zdkvfonf r½SdawmhNyDjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifY aoNyD;
aemuf edAÁmefjzpfao;onfqdkvsif xdkedAÁmeftm½kH\ tm&r®Pdu
w&m;jzpfaomr*f?zdkvf tb,fodkYjzpf&rnfenf;¿
xdaYk MumifY jrwfpmG bk&m;\ tqdt k rdeüYf aoNy;D aemufbmrSs
rjzpfaomoabmonf edAÁmef[knTefjyrnf[k ,lonfudk tu,f
rod?r½So d nfu, kd jl cif; pdwjf zifo
Y mzefw;D í,ljcif;rs;jzpfí pdwZå jzpf
onf?Oyg'gefjzpfonf?'d|jd zpfonf[k jrwfpmG bk&m; nTejf ycJNY y;D jzpfyg
onf/
trSefü edAÁmefonf vl\Nidrf;csrf;onf\tjzpf[laom
oabmomjzpfygonf/edAmÁ efonf 'kuc© yford ;f Nird ;f jcif;yif jzpfonf
qdvk sif 'kuo © nf vl\qif;&Jonf\tjzpf[al om oabmyifjzpfí
35
'kuo © nf vlüjzpfvsif 'kuc© yford ;f Nird ;f jcif; edAmÁ efonfvnf; vlü

yifjzpfoifYygonf/
'ku©onf þwpfvHrSs udk,fum,üyif jzpfygonf/edAÁmef
onfvnf; þwpfvHrSsavmuf udk,fum,üyif jzpf&ygrnf/'ku©
onf cE¨mig;yg;ESiYf wjcm;pD[k rqd&k yg/edAmÁ efonfvnf; cE¨mig;yg;
ESiYf wjcm;pD[rk qd&k [k jrwfpmG bk&m; rdeMYf um;cJyY gonf/
'kuo © nf cE¨mESiw Yf qufwnf;jzpfygonf/edAmÁ efonfvnf;
cE¨mESifY wqufwnf;jzpfygonf/'ku©onf Oyg'geu©E¨mESifYpyfí
edAÁmefonf tEkyg'geu©E¨mESifY pyfygonf/
Nidrf;onfqdkonfrSm þwpfvHrSsudk,fum,BuD; ukefqkH;
aysmufu, G jf cif; r[kwyf g/þwpfvrH sS u, kd uf m,ay:rS 'kur© sm;om
Nidrf;&ygrnf/
'kuo © nf ½kyçf a0'empaom Oyg'geu©Em¨ =þwpfvrH sS u, kd f
um,ü jzpfygonf/edAmÁ efonf ½kyçf a0'empaom tEkyg'geu©Em¨
rSm=þudk,fum,wpfvHrSsü jzpfygonf/
xdaYk MumifY cE¨mESieYf Ad mÁ ef wjcm;pD[rk qd&k jcif; jzpfygonf/
'ku©onf Oyg'geu©E¨mESifY wqufwnf;jzpfouJYodkY edAÁmefonf
vnf; tEkyg'geu©E¨mrsm;ESifY wqufwnf;jzpfygonf/
½kyçf a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPf[al om cE¨mrsm; Oyg'gef½dS
Ny;D jzpfvsif Oyg'geu©Em¨ jzpfí Oyg'gefr½Sb d jJ zpfvsif tEkyg'geu©Em¨
jzpfygonf/
xdaYk MumifY 'kua© &mufonfjzpfap? edAmÁ efa&mufonfjzpfap

36
cE¨m½SMd u&rnfom jzpfygonf/'kua© &mufaomtcg tEkyg'geu©Em¨

rsm;csKyí f Oyg'geu©Em¨ ay:Ny;D ? edAmÁ efa&mufaomtcg Oyg'geu©Em¨
rsm;csKyfí tEkyg'geu©E¨mrsm;ay:rnf/
xdkYaMumifY þudk,fum, wpfvHrSsBuD;[laom cE¨mcsKyfrS
edAmÁ efay:onf?cE¨mESieYf Ad mÁ efonf cE¨mcsKyjf cif;ESiYf edAmÁ efay:jcif;wdYk
tMum; tvyfr½Sd?wpyfwnf;jzpfonf[k wynfhawmfwdkY odjrifcJY
csufrsm; cRwfcsKHusatmif rSm;aeygonf/
½kyfça0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPf[laom þudk,fum,
wpfvrH sS ü Oyg'gef½adS omtjzpfonf 'kuj© zpfygonf/ Oyg'gefr½dS
aomtjzpfonf edAÁmefa&mufygonf/xdkYaMumifY edAÁmefonf vlr
aorDeAd mÁ ef? vlaoNy;D edAmÁ ef[í l uGjJ ym;jcif;r½Sd jzpfygonf/
edAmÁ efonf vlraorDom jzpfEikd cf iG ½Yf aSd omt&m jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfrsm;onf vlaoNyD;aemuf bmrSsrjzpfaomo
abmudk edAÁmef[k ,lqcJYMuygonf/xdkYaMumifY wynfhawmfwdkYonf
Oapä'rdpmä 'd|Ed iS Yf edAmÁ efukd uGjyJ m;atmifrcGjJ cm;Edik af omb0 &cJMY uyg
onf/xdt Yk jyifvnf; wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf edAmÁ efEiS pYf yfí tawG;t
jrif tawGt Y BuKH rSm;,Gi;f cJMY uygao;onf/w'*Fç0dur© eÇ wdt Yk m;jzifY
udavomçtmo0rsm;rSvGwfajrmufNyD; 'ku©Nidrf;jcif;rsm;udkvnf;
edAÁmef[k ,lqcJhrdMuygonf/
[kwfygonfbk&m;/ umr*kPftm½kHrsm;aemuf waumuf
aumufvu kd f epfjrK§ wx
f m;Edik af omtcg wynfah wmfwYkd epfjrK§ wx f m;
Muaom tm½kHrsm;jzifY a&csdefudkuf 0vifjynfhNzdK;aeaomaMumifY

37
qmavmifrGwfodyfjcif;[laom wPSmçork',çtmo0rsm;rS vGwf

ajrmufNyD; tcdkuftwHhtm;jzifY Nidrf;csrf;cJYMuygonf/ þodkY vGwf
ajrmufNird ;f csr;f rIuv kd nf; wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf avmuedAmÁ ef[k rSwf
,lcJYMuygonf/tu,fí rkefwdkif;usvkeD;tcsdef avrsm;Nidrfouf
jcif;uJYodkY Nidrf;csrf;jcif;oabmom jzpfygvdrfYrnf/
xdkYjyifvnf; ig;yg;tm½kH umr*kPfudk tarSsmfxm;í 'geç
oDvçbm0emrsm; tm;xkwaf omaMumifv Y nf; wynfah wmfrsm;onf
udavomçtmo0rsm;rSvw G af jrmufNy;D tcdu k t f wHt h m;jzifY Nird ;f csr;f
Muygonf/þNird ;f csr;f jcif;udv k nf; edAmÁ ef[k rSwo f m;em,lcMYJ uyg
onf/trSeftppfü þedAÁmefonfvnf; tarSsmfçtaMumuf[laom
tm½kHig;yg; umr*kPfw&m;jzifY wnfaqmufxm;aomaMumifY
edAÁmeftppfr[kwf?'ku©yif jzpfygonf/
ewf0ifonf\ &,fjcif;?½Tijf cif;?aysmjf rL;jcif;uJo Y Ykd ud,
k w f ikd f
&,f½iT af ysmjf rL;aomfvnf;? wu,f ud, k w f ikd f &,f½iT af ysmjf rL;jcif;udk
r&aomaMumifY jzpfygonf/0du©rÇetm;jzifY udavomtmo0rsm;
vGwaf jrmufNird ;f csr;f &müvnf; wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf þvGwaf jrmuf
Nidrf;csrf;rIudkvnf; edAÁmef[kyif rSwfxifcYJMuygonf/
½kyçf a0'emtp½Sad om tm½kw H pfcck ük pdwu f rkd jyefvY iG aYf tmif
½IrSwfMuaom wynfhawmfwdkYonf a½S;OD;pGm psmeft*Fgig;yg;½Sdaom
yXrpsmefjzpfatmif½rI cd sed üf t½Ict H m½ko H nf aysmufcsnw f pfcg?awGY
csnw f pfvn S hf jzpfaecJyY gonf/'kw, d psmefjzpfcsed üf todaES;aES;jzifY
raysmufbJ awGaY ecJyY gonf/wwd,psmefa&mufcsed üf todvsiv f sif

38
jzifY raysmufbJ awGaY ecJyY gonf/

pwkwp¬ smefüum; t½Ict H m½kEH iS Yf ½Ipw d xf yfNy;D tm½kaH ysmuf
ygonf/wynfah wmfu ½ky½f v I sS if ½kyaf ysmufygonf/a0'emponf½I
vSsif pwkwp¬ smefa&mufcsed üf a0'emonf aysmufygonf/
þodkY t½IcHtm½kHaysmufaomaMumifY awG;ac:p&mtrSwf
onmtm;vkH; uif;cJYygonf/þtcgüvnf; udavomçtmo0
rsm;vnf; vGwfajrmufNidrf;csrf;aeygonf/þNidrf;csrf;rIonf
0dur© eÇ tm;jzifY Nird ;f csr;f jcif;om jzpfygonf/
xdok jYkd zpfaomfvnf; wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf þvGwaf jrmufNird ;f
csr;f rIukd edAmÁ ef[yk if rSw, f cl MYJ uygonf/trSet f ppfü þodYk vGwf
ajrmufNidrf;csrf;rIonf 'ku©omjzpfygonf/tb,fYaMumifYqdkaomf
½kyçf a0'emponf wpfcck ük pdwu f rkd jyefv
Y iG aYf tmif ½Ijcif;onf t
awG;çtodçtrSwo f nm taxGaxGukd pufqw k Ef v
S ;Hk ematmif avY
usifYay;jcif; jzpfygonf/onm0d&m*jzpfatmif avYusifYjcif;[k
avSsmufxm;&ygrnf/
xdkYaMumifY þavYusifYcef;atmifí t½IcHtm½kHaysmufjcif;?
bmrSsrawG;rdjcif;? rawG;rdonft h avsmuf udavomçtmo0rsm;rS
vGwaf jrmufjcif;rsm;onf ½lypsmefukd yGm;pD;rdjcif; jzpfonf/udav
omçtmo0rsm;udk 0dur© eÇ y[mefjzifY y,fjcif;rSsom jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifY þNidrf;csrf;rIonf tnmysufjcif;(ton)jzifY
ed*;Hk csKy&f efomjzpfí 'kut © ppfom jzpfygonf/vk;H 0 edAmÁ efEiS rYf pyf
ty#dCwfjzpfygonf/

39
aemufwpfrsdK;tm;jzifYvnf; wynfhawmfwdkYonf ½kyfj'yfrJY

aom tm½kw H pfcck ük pdwu f kd rjyefv Y iG aYf tmifvnf; ½IcMYJ uygao;
onf/½kyfj'yfrsm;r½SdaMumif; pdwfjzifYwnfaqmufxm;íom ½kyfrsm;
onf BuKd ub f , G çf rke;f bG,f tpOftrsKd ;rsKd ; xifae&jcif;jzpfaMumif;?
avmuonf yuwdtm;jzifY bmrSsr½SdaMumif; ½IyGm;cJYMuygonf/
avmuü igaumif?olaumif? awmçawmifça&çajrrsm;onf pdwo f m
jzpfaMumif; xifvmNy;D csed üf wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf udavomçtmo0
rsm;rS vGwaf jrmufNy;D 'kur© sm;Nird ;f Muygonf/
þodv Yk wG af jrmufNird ;f csr;f jcif;onfvnf; edAmÁ efjzpfonf[k
wynfhawmfwdkY xifMuygonf/trSefpifppfü þedAÁmefonfvnf;
edAmÁ eftppfr[kw?f 'kuo © mjzpfygonf/tb,faY Mumifq Y akd omf ½kyrf YJ
tm½krH sm; ½IymG ;rIjzifY udavomNird ;f jcif;rsm;onf avmuü tu,f½dS
aom ½kyyf pön;f rsm;? tjzpftysuu f kd trSet f wdik ;f r½Ijrifrok;H oyf
bJ ½ly0d&m*tjzpf vkyyf pfcrYJ ad omaMumifY Nird ;f cJMY ujcif;om jzpfyg
onf/0du©rÇeNidrf;jcif;rSsom jzpfygonf/
avmuü ½kyfçemrf[laom ajcESpfacsmif;½Sd&m ql;cvkwf
txdoufomatmif wpfacsmif;acsmif;jzpfaom ½kyu f jkd zpfap?emrf
udkjzpfap ajr§mufxm;jcif;tm;jzifY wpfacsmif;omaxmufoGm;oluJY
odYk tu,frNird ;f csr;f bJ qif;&J'u k o © m jzpf&mygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;UUUUUU
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf þodyYk if edAmÁ efudk edAmÁ eftwkrsm;jzifY
rSm;,Gif;cJYMuygonf/wynfhawmfrsm; odcJYMuaomedAÁmefonfÞ

40
aoNy;D aemuftwGuf pdwZå jzpfaeol aemifb0orm;ç

Oapä'0g'Drsm;\edAÁmef? umrorm;wdkY\edAÁmef? ½ly0g'DwdkY\edAÁmef?
t½ly0g'DwdkY\edAÁmef/xdkedAÁmef?þedAÁmef?tESDedAÁmefrsm; jzpfaecJYMu
ygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf vlü 'ku©cyfodrf;csKyfNidrf;onf\tjzpf
onfom edAmÁ ef[k qdjk yawmfrcl jYJ cif; jzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;UUUUUU
wynfhawmfwdkYonf toSsifbk&m;\wynfhom;rsm;jzpfvSsuf
edAmÁ eftrSm;wdjYk zifY toSsib
f &k m;tm; pGypf zJG suq
f ;D ouJo
Y Ykd jyKrcd MYJ uyg
onf/þtrSm;twGuf wynfhawmfrsm; aemiftbefbef ylyef&yg
onf/xdkYaMumifY toSSsifjrwfbk&m;tm; þtrSm;rsm;twGuf xdyf
xufrmS vufprHk ;kd Ny;D ½du
k sKd ;OD;nTwv
f sS uf txyfxyf ½Scd ;kd uefawmY&
ygrnf toSsifbk&m;/
teEÅaus;Zl;awmfocif jrwfpGmbk&m;oSsifonf wynfh
awmfwdkY\ þodkY vufpkHrdk;í ½Sdcdk;uefawmYonfudk oem;aomtm;
jzifY vufcHawmfrlygbk&m;UUUUUUU/
eda&m"opöm "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; NyD;\/

41
42

42
'ku©opöm "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; 43
'ku©opöm "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk;
Ak'¨toSsifjrwfbk&m;UUUUUUU
toSsifjrwfbk&m; a[mMum;jyo qkH;rvrf;nTefcJYaom
edAmÁ efü tbd;k rwefvrl qefatmif wynfah wmfrsm; odjrifco YJ nf
rsm;twGuf tjypfukd tjypftavsmufojd rifNy;D toSsib f &k m;xH0ef
csum ½dkaonTwfusdK; ½Sdcdk;avSsmufcJYygNyD/aemufxyfwbef toSsif
bk&m;nTefMum;cJYaom t&d,mwdkYodtyfaom avmu(odkYr[kwf)
'ku©ü wynfhawmfwdkY ÓPftjrifrIef0g; vGJrSm;cJYcsuftwGuf quf
vuf½Sdcdk; nTwfusdK;0efcs uefawmY&ygrnfbk&m;UUUU/
wynfhawmfwdkY\tjrifü t&d,mwdkYodtyfaom avmu
onf ½kyfavmu?emrfavmu? y&rw¬opömrsm;\ Oyg'fçXDçbif
tpOfa½GUvsm; ysujf ym;jzpfay:aejcif;rsm;[lí jzpfcyYJ gonf/xGuf
av0ifavudyk if ½I½/I oGm;jcif;çvmjcif;çvIy½f mS ;jcif;ukyd if ½I½/I t
b,f½u I u
G rf qdük ½ky"f mwfemrf"mwf y&rwfrsm;\ qdck NYJ y;D aom
oabmtxd ouf0ifrdtmif ½IMunfhcJYMuygonf/
toSsifjrwfbk&m;a[mMum;csufü t&d,mwdkYodtyfaom
avmuonf 'ku©t&d,opömrsm;jzpfaomfvnf; wynfhawmfwdkY\
rdkufaomtjrifü t&d,mwdkYodtyfaomavmuonf ½kyfavmu?
emrfavmu[kqdktyfaom ½kyfçemrfy&rw¬opöm jzpfaecJYygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf toSsifjrwfbk&m;tm; ,kHMunfudk;pm;
o'¨gyGm;aomfvnf; tusifYtBuHr½Sdonftavsmuf tjriftm;jzifY

43
cRwfNcKHusatmif rSm;cJYMuygonf/ 'ku©t&d,opömonf ½kyfçemrf

y&rw¬opömESiYf twlrjcm; wpfyg;wnf;[kyif ½d;k om;pGm rSwx f ifrcd YJ
Muygonf/
xdaYk MumifY ½kyçf emrfy&rw¬opömrsm;udk tuGurf vyfatmif
½Irw S yf mG ;rsm;cJMY uygonf/yGm;rsm;aomtcgvnf; y&rw¬opömÓPf
tjrifrsm; ododomom ½SifoefBuD;xGm;Muygonf/y&rw¬opöm\
tusKd ;w&m;jzifv Y nf; jzpfymG ;rIrsm;udk ud,k af wG'Y |d awGjY rif&ygonf/
½ky"f mwfçemrf"mwfy&rwfrsm;onf Oyg'fçXDçbif[al om t
jzpfçtysuEf iS rYf uif;onft h avsmuf ½ky"f mwfçemrf"mwf y&rwfwpf
ckcu k kd ½IymG ;&müvnf; xd½k yk "f mwfemrf"mwf y&rwfrsm;\ tjzpfukd
vnf;aumif;? tysufudkvnf;aumif; rvGJraoG awGYjrif&ygonf/
½ky"f mwfçemrf"mwf y&rwfrsm;onf rjzpfay:rDuvnf; r½S/d
jzpfay:Ny;D aemufvnf; r½S/d jzpfay:qJvnf; rNraJ omoabm½Sad om
tedpöoabmrsm;om wum;/½kyf"mwfçemrf"mwf y&rwfrsm;onf
rNrjJ cif;rsm;\ rjywfEydS pf ufjcif;udck aH e&aom 'kuo © abm½Sad om
w&m;rsm;om wum;/ ½kyf"mwfemrf"mwf y&rwfrsm;onf tpdk;t
ydik rf &aom tewåoabm½Sad omw&m;rsm;om wum;/wynfah wmf
wdkY\ ½kyf"mwfçemrf"mwf y&rwfwdkY\ þodkYaomoabmudk udk,f
wdkif'd| awGYjrifcJYMuygonf/
xdkYaMumifY toSsifjrwfbk&m; a[mMum;nTefjycJYaom 'ku©
t&d,opömtwGuf vu©PmokH;csufjzpfaom tedpö?'ku©?tewå
rsm;udk aygufajrmufojd rifjcif;[k rrSw d rf okef ,kMH unfcMYJ uygonf/

44
xdaYk MumifY þvu©Pmrsm;udk qxufxrf;yd;k wd;k íyGm;rsm;cJY

Muygonf/wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf tb,frsS ymG ;aomfvnf; tedpo ö nf
vnf; rqkH;/'ku©onfvnf; rqkH;/tewåonfvnf; rqkH;jzifY rdk;r
qkH;ajrrqkH;qdkouJYodkY w&m; csmcsmvnfcJY&ygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf toSsifbk&m;\ tnTef;odkufpmjzpf
aom opömt& 'ku½© v I sS if 'kuj© rifrnf/'kuj© rifvsS if 'kur© ek ;f rnf/
'kur© ek ;f vSsif 'kuq © ;Hk rnf/ tedp?ö tewåwüYkd vnf; þenf;wljzpfyg
onf/þodkYyif tedpö?'ku©?tewårsm;udk ½IyGm;Muaomfvnf; tedpö
udq k u
kd v f íkd 'ku?© tewåwu Ykd q
kd u
kd v
f í
kd ½IymG ;cJMY ujcif;rsm; r[kwyf g/
tedpöqkH;vdkí?'ku©çtewåqkH;vdkí ½IyGm;cJYjcif;rsm;jzpfonf[k
avSsmufxm;&ygrnf/
xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; ½kyf"mwfçemrf"mwf y&rwfwpfckckudk
½IyGm;&mü tedpöonf rqkH;yg/'ku©çtewåvnf; rqkH;yg/qkH;&ef
vrf;pyifrxifEdkif ½Sd&ygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\½IyGm;csufonf þodkY csmcsmvnfaeaomf
vnf; ½ky"f mwfçemrf"mwf y&rwfavmu\ tedpt ö jzpf?'kuç© tewå
tjzpfrsm;um; vlajymolajymr[kw?f ud, k w
f ikd jf rifx;í xif½mS ;aom
t&m jzpfcyYJ gonf/xdaYk MumifY ½IymG ;rIukd vufvw T &f efvnf;rjzpfEikd f
½Sad ecJ&Y ygonf/xdaYk MumifY ½IymG ;rIukd qxufxrf;yd;k wd;k íjyKcMYJ uyg
onf/
Mumaomtcgü wynfhawmfrsm;onf bm&nf½G,fcsufrSs
rxm;wwfolrsm;tjzpfrsm; jzpfvmcJYygonf/

45
]]avmuBuD;onf bmrSsr[kwf/igvnf; r[kwf/olvnf;

r[kw/f a,musmf ;çrde;f rçyk*Kd¾ vçf owå0gyif r[kw/f ½ky"f mwfçemrf"mwf
y&rwfrsm;om [kwf\}}-þodkYjrifvmonfudkvnf; w&m;tjrif&
vmjcif;[k wynfah wmfrsm; rSwx f ifcMYJ uygonf/xifrw S pf &mvnf;
jzpfygonf/
aMumufjcif;çrufjcif;rsm;onf wynfah wmfrsm;ü t"dygÜ ,f
ajymif;oGm;cJYygonf/aMumufolçrufol? igqdkwmbmvJ¿qdkwm þ
odkY ar;ppf½SmazGaomtcg r&aomaMumifY t"dyÜg,fazmfavmuf
atmif aMumufp&mESifY rufarmp&m r½SdouJYodkY jzpfvmygonf/
xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; raumif;aomtjyKtrlrsm;udk jyKolESifY
tjyKco H o l m ½SmazGr&½krH sS r[kwaf wmhbJ aumif;aomtrIjyKoEl iS Yf
tjyKcH&olrsm;vnf; ½SmazGr& jzpfvmygonf/
xdkodkY ½SmazGr&aomaMumifY jyKol\trIjzpfaom aumif;rIç
raumif;rIonfvnf; jyKorl ½Sad omaMumifY r½Sd jzpfvmygonf/þodYk
jzifY wynfhawmfrsm;onf aumif;rIçraumif;rIrsm;ü t"dyÜg,fr½Sd
jzpfvmygonf/tud&d,0g'wGif; csOf;eif;cJYMuygonf/
aumif;rIçraumif;rIjyKvyk jf cif;udk t"dygÜ ,fr½Sd jrifaomtcg
üvnf; wynfah wmfrsm;onf avmuudu k yfzw
YJ u
kd af erdNy[
D k oHa0*
w&m; rjzpfymG ;Edik af tmif rdu k af eMuygao;onf/igwdo Yk nf ukov kd çf
tukov kd u f dk pGeNYf y;D ol?Bu,
d mrwå(&[Eåm)yk*Kd¾ vjf zpfa&;[kyif txif
BuD;rdaeaomaMumifY jzpfygonf/
xdaYk MumifY qufvuf½yI mG ;aomtcg aumif;rIçraumif;rI\

46
jyKaMumif;ESiYf jyKusKd ;rsm;txdyif todtrSwrf jyKEikd af wmYbJ ½kyf

"mwfçemrf"mwf y&rwfw&m;awmfrsm;\ tajctaet& jzpfymG ;
csurf sm;[k jyKaMumif;rlvr½S[ d al om ta[wku0g'DEiS Yf jyKusKd ;r½Sd
[k,laom ew¬u d 0g'Drsm; jzpfymG ;cJ&Y ygonf/
wynfhawmfrsm;onf þtwdkif;om qufvufí½IyGm;ae
vSsif ed,wrdpmä 'd|t d ppf tjzpfBu;D jzpf&awmYrnfrvGJ jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\trSm;onf tpyXrü tvSrf;ra0;vSaomtrSm;?
tenf;i,frSsomjzpfaomtrSm; jzpfygonf/aemufqkH;um; wpfck
ESiw Yf pfck rqkpH nf;Edik af wmYatmif jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY MumMum0g;aomaMumifY cg;rSef;udk &dyfrdcJYMu
NyD/oSsifawmfjrwfbk&m;onf wynfhawmfwdkYtm; Nidrf;at;jcif;odkY
qdu k af pvdak wmfrcl yYJ gonf/Nird ;f at;vdv k sS if rNird ;f at;rIukd ydik ;f jcm;
xifxif odjrif&rnfrSm obm0usygonf/
xdaYk MumifY jrwfpmG bk&m;onf wynfah wmfrsm;tm; Nird ;f at;
&ef? wynfhawmfrsm;udk avmu\ rNidrf;at;jcif;vu©Pmrsm;jzpf
aom tedpö?'ku©?tewå[al om ]]usq;Hk jcif;?qif;&Jjcif;?tpd;k r&jcif;}}
oabmrsm;udk nTefjyygonf/
þrNird ;f at;jcif;vu©Pmrsm;onf tpGt J vef;½Sad omvlü
jzpfymG ;aeaomvu©Pmrsm; jzpfygonf/tpGt J vef;½Sad omvlonf
rNird ;f at;aMumif;w&m;rsm; yGm;rsm;qnf;yl;rdvsS if rNird ;f at;jcif;
vu©Pmrsm;jzpfaom tedpv ö u©Pm?'kuv © u©Pmrsm; tpGt J vef;
½Sdolü xifvmygonf/

47
tpGt J vef;½Sv d ül jzpfaom tedp?ö 'ku?© tewåvu©Pmrsm;ESiYf

½kyfçemrfüjzpfaom tedpö?'ku©?tewåvu©Pmrsm;onf tjcm;em;
BuD;jcm;em;aMumif; wynfhawmfrsm; em;vnfoabmaygufygNyD/
vlonf ½kyfçemrfjzifYom wnfaqmufxm;aomfvnf; ½kyfç
emrfonf vlr[kwyf g/þodyYk if vlEiS ½Yf yk çf emrf jcm;em;aMumif; o
abmayguf&ygrnf/
Oyrmtm;jzifÞ Y td;k rsm;onf ajrjzifo Y m jyKvyk x f m;aomf
vnf; ajrrsm;onf td;k r[kwaf omaMumifY td;k ESiaYf jr jcm;em;ouJo Y Ykd
jzpfygonf/xdkYaMumifYÞ
vl\ tedpö?'ku©?tewåonf ½kyfçemrf\ tedpö?'ku©?tewå
ESifY oD;jcm;jzpfygonf/
½kyçf emrfw\ Ykd tedp?ö 'ku?© tewåonf ½kyçf emrfw\ Ykd Oyg'f?XD?
bif tjzpfçtysufoabmrsm;om jzpfygonf/
tpGt J vef;½Sad omvl(Oyg'geu©Em¨ ½So d )l \ tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå
vu©Pmrsm;onf vl\ cspo f El iS t
Yf uGcJ &H jcif;(yda,[d 0dyaÜ ,m
a*g)? rke;f olEiS tYf wGcJ &H jcif;(tyÜad ,[d orÜa,ma*g)? usq;Hk cH&
jcif;(tedp)ö ? qif;&Jc&H jcif;('ku)© ? ud, k pf ;kd r&cH&jcif;(tewå)- þ
tjzpfçtysufoabmrsm;om jzpfygonf/
t&d,mwdkYodtyfaomavmuonf vlYrNidrf;at;jcif;vu©
Pmjzpfaom tedpö?'ku©?tewå tjzpfçtysufavmu jzpfygonf/
½kyfçemrfwdkY\ Oyg'f?|D?bifvu©Pmjzpfaom tedpö?'ku©?tewå
tjzpfçtysufavmu r[kwfyg/

48
t&d,mwdo Yk td yfaomavmuudk jrwfpmG bk&m;onf wynfY

awmfwdkYtm; nTefjycJYygonf/tpGJtvef;½Sdolvl\ rNidrf;at;jcif;
oGijf yifvu©Pmjzpfaom usq;Hk jcif;? qif;&Jjcif;? tpd;k r&jcif;rsm;udk
tcsed wf ikd ;f tcsed w
f ikd ;f ? tjzpfwikd ;f ü jyefEY UHS onftxd ½IymG ;&rnf[k
jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf jrwfpGmbk&m;nTefjyxm;onfhtwdkif;
þ vlt Y pGt J vef;aMumifjY zpfaom rNird ;f at;jcif;vu©Pm tedpö
ponfjzpfaom O',AÁ,obm0rsm;udk a½SUçaemufçvufiif;? jyifç
wGi;f -eD;ça0;?,kwçf jrwf-Murf;çEkyg ra½G;bJ ydik ;f jcm;odjrifvsif rNird ;f
at;jcif;\vufonf tpGJtvef;udky,frnf rkcsjzpfygonf/
þodkYy,fvsif tpGJtvef;rsm; r½SdaomaMumifY vlonf
rNidrf;at;jcif;vu©Pmrsm;jzpfaom tedpö?'ku©?tewå[laom
O',AÁ,cyford ;f csr;f Nird ;f vGwaf jrmufygrnf/ tpGt J vef; r½Sod l
onf edp"ö 0l jzpfaom edAmÁ ef?oEÅo d ck jzpfaom edAmÁ ef?edó&Pçtwå
jzpfaom edAmÁ ef- þedAmÁ efrsm; jzpfMuygonf/vlü tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå
rsm; r½Sdawmhyg/
toSsifbk&m;nTefjycJYaom odtyfaomavmuudk wynfh
awmfrsm; BudK;pm;avYvm odjriftyfaomoabm r[kwfbJ? xkd½kyf
"r®çemrf"r® y&rw¬rS raumif;npfusL; jypfr\ I tjzpfrsm;onfom
vsif wynfhawmfrsm; avYvmodjriftyfaomavmu jzpfygonf/
raumif;npfusL; jypfrt I jzpfrsm;onf ½ky"f r®çemrf"r® y&rw¬tm;

49
jzifY a&wGufí&aomfvnf; þodkYa&wGufí&aomaMumifY ½kyf"r®ç

emrf"r® y&rw¬rsm;udk raumif;npfusL;jypfrrI sm;[k ynmr[kwf
onfudk ynmvkyfrdcJYjcif;twGuf ½SufbG,fjzpfvSygonf/
½ky"f r®çemrf"r® y&rw¬wikd ;f onf raumif;npfusL; jypfrrI sm;
r[kwyf g/raumif;npfusL; jypfrt I csKd Uonfom ½kyçf emrfy&rw¬ jzpf
ygonf/ig;ck;H rwpfaumifaf MumifY wpfavSv;Hk yky[ f al om tjzpfrsKd ;rSm
rjzpfoifYrjzpfxdkufaom tjzpfrsdK; jzpfygonf/
wynfah wmfrsm;onf ½kyçf emrfy&rw¬tjzpf t&aumufEikd f
aom raumif;npfusL; jypfrrI sm;udk r&Edik af omaMumifY ½kyçf emrf
y&rw¬tm;vk;H udk rke;f cJMY uonftxd rdu k cf MYJ uygonf/½kyçf emrfNird ;f rS
at;rnf? ½kyçf emrfr½Srd S at;rnf[yk if rSe;f cJçY &rf;cJMY uygonf/t&d
,mwdkYodtyfaomavmuonf ½kyfçemrf"r® y&rw¬jzpfonf-þodkY
yif uef;cJMY uygonf/
xdkYaMumifY wynfhawmfwdkYonf ½kyfçemrfudk t&trd ½IMunfh
cJMY ujcif; jzpfygonf/þodYk ½kyçf emrfu½kd MI unf&h mü ½ky"f r®y&rw¬EiS Yf
emrf"r®y&rw¬onf wpfcw k pfjcm; uGjJ ym;vmygonf/wNyKd ief uf ½I
yGm;ír&Edkifatmif jzpfvmygonf/
touf½LS onfuykd if ½Ivsiyf if ½Ijcif;onfu-emrf? ½Ionf
u-½kyf/þodkY ESpfwefruGJatmif wGJí½IcJY&ygonf/tb,faMumifY
qdak omf ½kyk cf sn;f ½Irv
d sif onm0d&m*vrf;? emrfcsn;f ½Irv d sif ½ly
0d&m*vrf;/þodYk wpfpeG ;f wpfvrf; uyfomG ;rdNy;D ½lyg½lywpfcb k uf
oufa&mufoGm;rnfudk pdk;aMumufaomaMumifY jzpfygonf/

50
xdkodkYyifaMumufaomfvnf; ½kyfESifYemrfruGJatmif wGJí½I

Munfrh o I nf ratmifjrifEikd af tmif ½Scd yYJ gonf/ ½ky½f cI u kd f emrfrjrif/
emrf½cI u kd f ½kyrf jrif/½kyw
f pfvn S hf emrfwpfvn S hf ½Iro d uJo Y oYkd m jzpf
aecJYygonf/
þodYk tpyXr½IymG ;rI trSm;ao;ao;i,fi,fonf ½kyf
oufouf½rI rd ?I emrfoufouf½rI rd [ I al om Bu;D Bu;D rm;rm;tjzpfrsm;
udk jzpfapcJyY gonf/ed*;Hk csKyaf omtcg ½kyo f ufouf½rI rd b I uf vJr
oGm;atmifEiS Yf emrfoufoufbuf vJroGm;atmif rwwfEikd f ½daS p
ygonf/
½kyfoufouf½IrdrIbuf vJusaomtcg ½kyfavmuudk t&d
,mwdo Yk t d yfaomavmu[k jrifvmygonf/xdt k cg avmutay:
oabmxm;rsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfvmygonfÞ
a&mufonft h &yfrmS aysmaf tmifae/&wmav;ESiYf 0atmif
pm;/½Sdwmav;ESifY vSatmif0wf/awGYonfholESifY wJYatmif
aygif;[lí jzpfvmygonf/
þodjYk zpfvmonfukd toSsib f &k m;wdaYk [mMum;cJaY om oEÅK
|dw&m;ESijYf ynfpaHk tmifaejcif;[kyif xifrw S vf cJG yYJ gao;onf/oEÅK|d
r*Fvmw&m;awmfonf toSsifbk&m;\ rZÑdry#dy'gw&m;awmf
jzpfygonf/
&wmav;ESiYf 00pm;jcif;?½Sw d mav;ESiYf vSv0S wfjcif;? tp
½Sdaomtjzpfonf awG;csif&mawG; pdwfrav;ESifY? jzpfcsif&mjzpf
pdwrf npfEiS ?Yf ½kyt f ½St
d wdik ;f jzpf&rnf[k ½kyaf vmuudo k m t½Sx d m;

51
í emrfavmuudk 'ku©jzpfaMumif; ork',xm;aom tpGef;vrf;

wpfyg;yif jzpfygonf/
awG;csif&mawG;aeaomaMumifY pdwfav;jcif;qif;&J'ku©
a&muf&onf/xdkYaMumifY awmawG;awmifawG;rawG;bJ ae&rnf/
jzpfcsi&f mjzpfaeonfukd pdwn f pfaevsif qif;&Jrnf/xdaYk MumifY ½kyf
tajctaet& jzpfcsio f vdjk zpfonfukd pdwn f pfjcif;[laom pdwf
rsm;rjzpfatmif ae&rnf/½kyo f ufouf½rI rd b
I uf vJusaomtcg
½kyt
f ½So d mvsif t&d,mwdo Yk t d yfaomavmujzpfNy;D tawG;rsm;udk
t&d,mwdkYausmcdkif;tyfaomavmu[k rSwfcsufcsygonf/
emrfoufouf½IrdrIbuf vJusaomtcg emrfomvsif t&d
,mwdkYodtyfaomavmu[k jrifvmygonf/xdktcgüvnf; avm
utay:oabmxm;rsm;rSm avmuü tdk;?ykqdk;tp½Sdaom t&m
0w¬Krsm;onf tu,f½adS omt&m0w¬Krsm; r[kwMf u/pdwt f awG;rSs
omjzpfonf[k oabmxm;ygonf/
xdkYtjyif xdktawG; tdk;?ykqdk;ponfwdkYonfvnf; tu,f½Sd
aomt&mrsm;r[kwf jzpfNy;D ? bmrSsr½Sad tmif ysuaf eaomt&mom
jzpfonf/þoko Yd ad eaomtodonfom jrwfonf?rSeo f nf[í l jzpf
ygonf/þodjYk zpfonfukd r*fÓPfjzifY edAmÁ efuq kd u
kd af ejcif;jzpfonf
[k wynhfawmfrsm; txifrSm;Muygonf/
td;k ?ykq;kd ponf tu,fr½Sjd cif;ESiYf tawG;-td;k çykq;kd ponf
vnf; tu,fr½Sjd cif;- þodYk bmrSsr½Sjd cif;onf Nird ;f csr;f jcif;jzpf
onf/þNidrf;csrf;jcif;udkodjcif;onf vrf;rSefjzpfonf/þvrf;rSef

52
onf aumif;jrwfonf/y&rwfqwfqwfjzpfonf/þodYk txifrmS ;

Muygonf/
xdaYk MumifY xdx
k þ kd þtawG;rsm;onf tedpjö zpfonf/tedpö
jzpfonfuo kd ad om tawG;pdwo f nfvnf; tedpyö ifjzpfonf/þodYk
tm;vkH;tedpöa&mufaomaMumifY jzpfçysufNyD;í bmrSsr½Sdonfudkod
aom todonfom tjrwfqkH;jzpfonf/ emrfoufouf½IMunhfrI
buf vJusaomtcg þodkYyif aemufqkH;ü todwpfvkH;rSsudkom
t&d,mwdkYodtyfaomavmu[k jrifygawmYonf/
wynhaf wmfwo Ykd nf þodyYk if emrfoufoufjzpfaom tod
avmuudkom t&d,mwdkYodtyfaomavmu[k ½IrdaomaMumifY
½kyaf vmuudk t&d,mwdaYk usmcdik ;f tyfaomavmutjzpf xifcrYJ yd g
onf/
trSefpifppftm;jzifYÞtodavmuom½Sdonf? þavmu
BuD; tu,f½Sdonfr[kwf ,lonfjzpfap/ þavmuBuD;om t
u,f½Sdonf? todavmuonf tu,f½Sdonfr[kwf ,lonfjzpf
ap/tajcESpaf csmif;½Sad omvlü b,fajcjzpfap?nmajcjzpfap wpf
acsmif;acsmif;udk todtrSwrf jyK tok;H rcsvsif &½Sjd zpfymG ;aom'ku©
rsKd ;rsm; {uefrck s jzpfymG ;&rnfjzpfygonf/tu,fvnf; wynfah wmf
rsm; 'kuy© mG ;cJ&Y ygonf/
½kyfavmuudk½Ií emrfudkrkef;aomaMumifY tawG;todrsm;
xkx H ikd ;f zsi;f t tok;H rusol jzpfc&YJ ygonf/emrfavmuud½k í I ½kyu
f kd

53
rke;f aomaMumifY rvkycf si?f rudik cf sif pD;yGm;çBu;D yGm;ü rBuKd ;pm;csio f l
jzpfcJY&ygonf/
þrSsruvnf; tusdK;çtjypfrsm; jzpfyGm;cJY&ygao;onf/
emrfavmuudk rsufESmvTJí ½kyfavmuxJ ½IMunfhaeonf jzpfap/
½kyfavmuudkrsufESmvTJí emrfavmuxJ ½IMunfhaeonf jzpfap/
yk*¾dKvf?owå0g?ig?olwyg;?a,musfm;?rdef;rrsm; aysmufaeygonf/
yk*Kd¾ v?f owå0g?ig?olwyg;ponfrsm;onf emrfEiS ½Yf yk Ef pS cf t k
aygif;\ Bud,m0daoorSsjzpfí yk*¾dKvf?owå0gponfavmurS t
ajccHypönf;jzpfaom ½kyfudkjzpfap?emrfudkjzpfap wpfckckudkz,f½Sm;
vsif raysmufrysuf qufvufwnfae&ef rjzpfEikd yf g/
xdok Ykd yk*Kd¾ v?f owå0gponf aysmufaomaMumifY yk*Kd¾ v?f owå
0grSí D jzpf&aom pdwq f if;&Jjcif;rsm; Nird ;f at;&ygonf/ xdo
k Ydk jzpf
aomfvnf; xdkNidrf;at;rIonf tajccHoDvrsm;ü tajcrcHaom
aMumifY qif;&Jrt I wGi;f wbefroufqif;atmif rwwfEikd f ½Scd &YJ
ygonf/
opömav;yg;trSew f &m;jzifY owå0grsm;tm; zGiEYf ;dI aqmf
awmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;UUUUU
wynfhawmfwdkYonf rdkufonfhtavsmuf toSsifbk&m;od
tyfonf[knTefjycJYaomavmurS rsufESmvTJcJYrdMuygonf/
toSsifbk&m;Þ
wynfhawmfrsm;onf w&m;awmftavSsmuf odjrifoabm
ayguf t&aumufEikd &f ef tok;H cs&rnfh tbd"r®mw&m;awmfrsm;udk

54
wynfhawmfwdkYodtyfaomavmu[k trSwfrSm;cJYMuygonf/wpf
enf;tm;jzifY pmbwfaomtcgü pm\t"dyÜg,fudk&atmif rbwf
bJ pmbwf&eftajccHjzpfaom uBu;D çcauG;paom oifyek ;f Bu;D rsm;
ukd bwfrdaeouJYodkY uav;qefrdMuygonf/ xdkYaMumifY wynfh
awmfrsm;onf toSsib f &k m;a[mMum;aom pum;vk;H rsm;wGiq f ;Hk ae
aom y'y&ryk*Kd¾ vt f qifYxuf rjrifYEdkifatmif ½SdcJY&ygonf/
þtjypfrsm;udk tjypftavSsmuf wynfah wmfrsm; ½IMunfMh u
ygrnf/toSsifbk&m;nTefjycJYaom t&d,mwdkYodtyfaomavmu
onf tpGOJ yg'gefw&m;wdaYk MumifY vlrmS jzpfymG ;aom rNird ;f at;jcif;
\vu©Pm tedp?ö 'ku?© tewårsm; odrYk [kwf vlq Y ;kd 0g;aom tjzpft
ysurf sm;jzpfaMumif; wynfah wmfrsm; ½IymG ;Muygrnf/
twdkif;rod u½IPm½Sif jzpfawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;UUUUU
wynfah wmfw\ Ykd t&d,mwdo
Yk jd riftyfaomavmu('kuo ©
pöm) tjrifrmS ;udk oem;aomtm;jzifY cGiv Yf w
T yf grnft h aMumif; cGiYf
awmif;avSsmufxm; toem;cH ½Sdckd;uefawmYtyfygonf bk&m;UUUUU/
'ku©opöm "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; NyD;\/

55
56

56
ork',opöm "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; 57
ork',opöm "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk;
wynfhawmfrsm;onf toSsifbk&m;aemufrS tpOfwpdkuf
vdkufygaecJYMuaomfvnf; toSsifbk&m;udk tpOfwpdkufwdkufcdkuf
zsufqD;aeouJYodkYyif toSsifbk&m;\ odtyfonf[k nTefjycJY
aomavmuudk Niif;qdkuyfzJY jyKvkyfrdcJYMuygonf/
,ckvnf; þenf;rjcm; tvm;wljzpfygonf/toSsifbk&m;
y,ftyfonf[knTefjycJYonfh w&m;rsm;udk wynfhawmfrsm;onf
twkta,mifrsm;jzifY rSm;cJYMuygonf/þtwGufvnf; jrwfpGmbk
&m;tm; ½dkaonGwfusdK;í wynfhawmfrsm; ½Sdcdk;uefawmY&ygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf wynfah wmfrsm;tm; y,ftyfaomw&m;
udk wPSmçork',çtmv,[k nTejf ycJaY omfvnf; wynfah wmfrsm;
onf wPSmçork',çtmv,tpm; vludk y,ftyfaomw&m;[k
xifrSm;rdcJYMuygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY rdkufcJYMuygonf/uef;cJYMuygonf/vludk vl
[kxifrw S af eorSs wPSmçork', y,fcsír&Edik ?f wPSmçork',
y,fvdkvsif vludk vl[kxifrSwfonfudk rvGJraoGy,f&rnf/þodkY
&rf;cJYMuygonf/
xdkYaMumifY wynfhawmfwdkYonf vl[lí r½Sd/ "mwfrSsom½Sd
onf/ig[lívnf; r½Sd/olwyg;[lívnf; r½Sd/yk*¾dKvfçowå0g[lí
vnf; r½Sd/a,musfm;[lívnf; r½Sd? rdef;r[lívnf; r½Sd/½kyf"mwfç

57
emrf"mwfrSsom ½Sdonf/þodkY vludky,fEdkif&ef awmfvSefBudK;pm;cJY

&ygonf/
igYudk,fudk ig-[líodaejcif;onf 'ku©jzpfaMumif;w&m;?
rSm;aomtjrif(rdpmä 'd|)d jzpfonf/igrSwyg; tjcm;olrsm;udk olwyg;
[k odjrifjcif;onf 'ku©jzpfaMumif; rSm;aomtjrif(rdpäm'd|d)
jzpfonf/a,musfm;çrdef;rudk a,musfm;çrdef;r-[k odjrifjcif;onf
vnf; þtwl 'kuj© zpfaMumif; raumif;aomtjrif(rdpmä 'd|)d rsm;yif
jzpfonf[k odaecJYMuygonf/
rdpäm'd|donf rdpämouFyÜudk jzpfapwwfonf/igYudk,fudk ig-
[k ,lqjcif;onf avmbudjk zpfapvdv k sif avmjzpf&ef? ig-[laom
uwåm; ½Sad eNy;D jzpfonf/xdaYk MumifY oluY ikd gcspof nf-[kBujH cif; rdpmä
ouFyrÜ sm; jzpfymG ;aeonf/rdpmä ouFy?Ü rdpmä 0gpm? rdpmä ur®epÅ aom
raumif;aomtaMumif;rsm;udk yGm;aponf/xdkYaMumifY igYudk,fudk
ig-[k,lqjcif;onf trSm;wumYxdyfacgifwif trSm;bk&if[kjrif
atmif rwwfEikd f jzpf&ygonf/
igYu,kd u
f kd ig-[ktjrifukd razsmufoo l nf rdpmä 'd|jd zpfonf/
rdpäm'd|d½Sdolonf avmb?a'go?arm[?rmepaom udavomrsm;
jzpfyGm;&ef toifY½Sdoljzpfonf/udavomrsm;jzpfyGm;vsif qif;&J
rnf/xdaYk MumifY udavomonf y,ftyfaomw&m;jzpfonf/udav
omy,f&efrSm igYudk,fudk ig-[kxifrSwfjcif;udk y,f&rnf/olwyg;?
a,musmf ;?rde;f rrsm;[k xifrw S af ejcif;udv k nf; y,f&rnf/þodyYk if
vludky,f&rnf[k rSwf,laerdcJYMuygonf/

58
wPSmçork',y,f&ef jrwfpGmbk&m;nTefcJYaomaMumifY w
ynfah wmfwo Ykd nf wPSmçork',udk y,fvv kd yS gonf/xdo k jYkd zpfaomf
vnf; wPSmçork',onf y,fowfír&Edik o f uJo Y Ykd wynfah wmf
rsm;ü jzpfyGm;aeygonf/
xdjYk yif wPSmçork', r½Sad omtcgüvnf; wPSmçork',
onf ½SdaeaomaMumifY tb,fodkYy,fowf&rnf[k rodEdkif ½SdcJYyg
onf/tod½cdS sed üf wPSmçork',rjzpfay:yg/wPSmçork',½Scd sed f
üvnf; todrjzpfay:yg/todESifY wPSmçork',onf b,fawmY
rSs rqkpH nf;Muyg/
xdaYk MumifY wPSmudk todjzifo Y wfí rjzpfEikd /f wPSmjzpfymG ;
&m vlorYkd [kwf wPSmjzpfymG ;&m ig?olwyg;?a,musmf ;?rde;f r?yk*Kd¾ v?f
owå0g - þt&mrsm;udkz,f½Sm;rS wPSmçork',w&m; uG,foGm;
rnf/þodkYyif tbdk;rwef tokH;rusaom a½TÓPfawmfrsm;udk
wynfhawmfrsm; pl;a&mufcJYMuygonf/
þtwGuf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf wynfhawmfrsm;tm; to
em;BuD; oem;awmfrl&ygvdrfYrnf/xdkYaMumifY wynfawmfrsm;onf
jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; rsm;pGm ½SufaMumufvSygonf/
<uufrEdik í f usrD ;D ½IUd jcif;onf tvGerf ukd u
f ef;aomtvkyf
jzpfygonf/wynfhawmfrsm;onf vlüjzpfaom wPSmçork',udk
rEdkifí vludky,f&ef BudK;pm;olrsm; jzpfcJYMuygonf/wynfhawmfwdkY
onf wynfhawmfwdkYudk,fudk b,fvdkvlpm;rsm;[k uGJjym;rdMuí
aemifwtwefwef jzpfMuygonf/

59
usD\tzsufaumifrsm;udk okwfoif&onfrSm usDtwGuf

jzpfygonf/usDtwGuf tzsufaumifrsm;udk okwfoif&mü usDyg
tokwfoifcH&rnfqdkvsif rsm;pGm½SufbG,f jzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf vlYtwGuf wPSmçork',udk ty,f
owfcdkif;jcif; jzpfygonf/
vlonf wPSmçork',rsm; jzpfymG ;wnf½adS evsif pm;
aumif;jcif; rpm;&/tdyaf umif;jcif; rtdy&f /tpp 'kur© sm; jzpfymG ;yg
rnf/ vlü ork',rsm;r½Srd S pm;&müvnf; vGwNf ird ;f csr;f /tdy&f mü
vnf; vGwNf ird ;f csr;f /tpp vGwNf ird ;f csr;f rIrsm; jzpfymG ;ygrnf/ xdYk
aMumifY vltwGuf wPSmçork',rsm;y,fowf&ef nTejf ycJjY cif;jzpf
ygonf/
vlt Y wGuf wPSmçork',udk y,fowf&mü wPSmçork',
ao&ef? vlr½S[ d k vluykd g y,fowfjcif;onf twdik ;f rod½u S b f ,G uf kd
wynfhawmfrsm; usL;vGefcJYrdMujcif; jzpfygonf/wynfhawmfrsm;\
trdkufonf vuG,fn? oef;acgif,H?awmtkyftvnf? rdk;wdrfrsm;
tkHYaeonfESifYrjcm; jzpfygonf/
þodjYk zpf&onfrmS wynfah wmfrsm; tjzpfçtysurf sm;ud½k &I m
ü trSet f ueftm;jzifY rjrif&aomaMumifY jzpfygonf/½kyaf vmu
onf r½S[ d k jrifaomtcg jrif/emrfavmuBu;D onfr½S[ d k jrifaom
tcg jrif/vufonfw&m;cHonf emrfjzpfonf[k ,ljcif;rSsom
jzpfygonf/þodkYtm;jzifY jzpfcJYMuygonf/
½kyaf vmu r½S[ d jk rif&mü ½kyaf vmuBu;D tu,fr½S[ d uk m;

60
wpfwpfcGcG rwifjyaomfvnf; ½kyfavmuBuD;aMumifY avmuBuD;

rNird ;f rcsr;f jzpfaeonf/½kyaf vmuBu;D onf rm,mçomaX,srsS om
jzpfonf/tu,f r[kwf/tqif;vSonf? toHaumif;onf? tdrfç
ausmif;tp½Sad om ½kyaf vmuBu;D onf pdwjf zifq Y ufxm;aom pdwf
ypönf;rSsomjzpfonf/þpdwfypönf;udk t½SdxifrSwfjcif;onf 'ku©
vufonfrsm;jzpfonf/þodkY rSwf,layonf/þrSwf,lcsufonf
½kyaf vmuudk r½S-d [lí jrif&ma&mufjcif;yif trSejf zpfygonf/
emrfavmur½Sd[k jrif&müvnf; emrfavmuBuD; tu,f
r½Sd[kum; wpfwpfcGcG rajymyg/tb,fYaMumifYqdkaomf jrwfpGmbk
&m;onf ½kyfçemrfESpfyg;udk a[mxm;onf[k rSwf,laomaMumifY
jzpfygonf/
xdkodkYyifjzpfaomfvnf; emrfavmuBuD;aMumifY avmuBuD;
rNird ;f rcsr;f jzpfaeonf/emrfavmu(odrYk [kw)f tawG;onf ,kwrf m
onf/vlukd 'kua© y;orSs\vufonfonf tawG;jzpfonf/tawG;
um; tu,f½adS omt&m r[kw/f tm½kEH iS aYf wGaY omaMumifY jzpfaom
t&mom jzpfonf/jzpfNy;D ysuo f nf/ysuNf y;D r½Sjd zpfonf/rsuv f n
S hf
yrm jzpfonf/tzwfqnfp&mr½Sd jzpfonf/þodkYrSwf,layonf/
þrSwf,lcsufonf emrfudk r½Sd[laom tjrif½Sd&ma&muf
jcif;yif trSefjzpfygonf/
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf jrwfpmG bk&m;wynfo h m;jzpfí ½kyv f nf;
ruyf? emrfvnf;ry,f tv,ftvwfjzifYoGm;aeolrsm;[k txif
xm;aecJMY uygonf/wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf ½kyaf &mçemrfyg ESpjf zmvk;H udk

61
rjiif;qdck [ YJ k xifrMd uaomaMumifY jzpfygonf/tu,fpifppfü avm

uwGix f if½mS ;aom ½ky0f g'D?emrf0g'Drsm;ESirYf jcm; tvm;twlyif jzpf
aecJYygonf/
½ky0f g'Drsm;onf emrfukd r½S-d [k wpfwpfccG G pG, J Ml uolrsm;
r[kwfyg/olwdkY pdwfudk-pdwfr[kwf[k rjiif;qefMuyg/emrfonf ½kyf
\t&dyfrSs[k emrfudk y"met&mrxm;bJ tjypftm;vkH;\ vuf
onfw&m;cHonf emrfjzpfonf[k ,ljcif;rSsomjzpfygonf/
emrf0g'Drsm;onfvnf; ½kyu f kd r½S-d [k wpfwpfccG G pG, J Ml u
jcif; tvsO;f r½Syd g/olw\ Ykd ud,
k Bf u;D onf ½kyyf ifjzpfaMumif; tjiif;t
qdk r½SdMuyg/xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; ½kyfonf emrf\t&dyfrSsjzpfonf/
0dnmOfawmf[al om befqif;csurf sS [k ½kyu f kd y"met&mrxm;jcif;
rSsom jzpfonf/'kut © m;vk;H \ vufonfw&m;cHonf ½kyjf zpfonf/
0dnmOfawmfonf csr;f omNy;D jzpfonf/ þodYk ,ljcif;rSsom jzpfyg
onf/
xdaYk MumifY ½kyaf &memrfyg ESpjf zmvH;k udk todtrSwjf yKumrSs
jzifY ½ky0f g'D?emrf0g'D[al om tpGe;f rsm;rS rvGwu f if;Edik o f nfrmS t
rSefjzpfygonf/½kyfçemrfESpfjzmvkH;udkyif todtrSwfjyKaomfvnf;
qif;&JaMumif;vufonfw&m;cHonf ½kyfjzpfonf?emrfjzpfonf[k
wpfcck o k abmxm;rdjcif;yifvsS if qif;&JaMumif;w&m;udk tedpö p
onf½INyD; y,fzsufrdygrnf/
½kyçf emrf½&I müvnf; wpfcsed üf ½Ipw d o f nf ESpBf urd Nf yKd irf jzpf
aomaMumifY wpfcg½IvsS if ½kyjf zpfap?emrfjzpfap wpfco k m ½Ircd yYJ g

62
onf/½ky½f rI v d sS if emrfrek ;f ygonf/emrf½rI v d sS if ½kyrf ek ;f ygonf/emrf

rkef;vSsif ½ly0g'D?½kyfrkef;vSsif t½ly0g'Djzpfygonf/
½ky0f g'DjzpfvsS if emrfavmur½S[ d jk rifNy;D y"met&mrS y,fyg
rnf/emrf0g'DjzpfvsS if ½kyaf vmuudk r½S[ d jk rifNy;D y"met&mrSy,f
ygonf/þodkYyif wynfhawmfrsm; rdkufcJYrdMuygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf 'kur© sm;udrk ek ;f &ef nTejf ycJo Y nfukd u
av;qefpmG 'kuj© zpfaom-rjzpfaom? ½kyçf emrfreS o f rSsrek ;f &ef[k xif
rSwNf y;D BuKd ;pm;cJMY ujcif; jzpfygonf/þBuKd ;pm;csurf sm;onf 'kuu © kd
rrke;f bJ ½kyrf ek ;f vdrk ek ;f ? emrfrek ;f vdrk ek ;f jzifY BuKd ;pm;rI ta[moduo H m
rdkufjypftjzpf tusdK;xifcJYygonf/
'kup© m&if;rsm;\ tusO;f csKyt f jzpf Oyg'geu©Em¨ [k jrwfpmG
bk&m; a[mMum;cJYonfudk 'ku©onf Oyg'geu©E¨mjzpfvSsif? Oyg'ge
u©Em¨ onf ½kyçf emrfjzpfaomaMumifY ½kyçf emrfonf 'ku\ © t&auguf
w&m;udk,fjzpfonf[k wynfhawmfrsm; BuHvkH; xkwfrdrSm;cJYMuyg
onf/xdaYk MumifY wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf jrwfpmG bk&m;u 'kur© ek ;f atmif
'kuu © t kd ½Icikd ;f onfukd tvGBJ u;D vGpJ mG jzifY ½kyçf emrfrek ;f atmif ½kyçf emrf
udk ½IMunfhcJYMuygonf/
þod½Yk aI omaMumifY ½kyçf emrfjzifw Y nfaqmufxm;aom vlt
jzpf? owå0gtjzpfyif t"dygÜ ,fr½S[ d k xifrw S o f nftxd aygaMumif
ívmcJYMuygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tpGJtvef;aMumifY jzpfaom½kyf? tpGJt
vef;aMumifYjzpfaom a0'emçonmçocFg&ESifY tpGJtvef;aMumifY

63
jzpfaom pdw0f n d mPf/þOyg'geu©Em¨ rsm;udk vlrsm; cspcf ifprHk uf

rae&ef azsmufzsufy,fowfypfcsif&ef a[mMum;cYJYygonf/
þtpGJtvef;aMumifYjzpfaom ½kyfça0'emtp½SdonfwdkY
onf pkef;çewf0ifyl;ol\ udk,fvufvIyf½Sm; cHpm;rIponfrsm;?
aMumuf&çruf&ol\ ud, k v f ufvyI ½f mS ; cHpm;rIrsm; ponfrsm;uJo Y Ykd
usq;Hk jcif;(tedp)ö vu©Pm? qif;&Jjcif;('ku)© vu©Pm? ud, k pf ;kd uk, d f
ydkifr&jcif;(tewå)vu©Pmrsm; xifygonf/
xdaYk MumifY tpGt J vef;aMumifjY zpfaom ½kyçf a0'em ponfh
(Oyg'geu©Em¨ )onf rjrwfE;kd ?rESpo f uf&ef nTejf yoifo Y mt&m jzpfyg
onf/
pke;f çewftyl;0ifc&H ol\ ud, k v f ufvyI ½f mS ; cHpm;rIponfukd
rjrwfE;kd &efçrESpo f uf&ef nTejf ycH&jcif;aMumifY ud, k vf ufvyI ½f mS ;rI
rSeforSs cHpm;rIponfrSeforSsudk rjrwfEdk;atmif?rESpfoufatmif
usifYrdjcif;onf tmabmfvGefjcif;trSm; jzpfygonf/þodkY jrwfpGm
bk&m;udkausmfí ½kyf?a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmPfrSeforSs rjrwf
Ed;k tyf?rESpo f uftyf[k vlaysmufonftxd vluakd usmaf tmif tm
abmfvGefrdMuygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf olYuRef?olYr,m;?bdef;pm;?ewfuawmf
tp½Sad om ud, k MYf ur®mud, k rf befw;D Edik o
f ?l rvGwv f yf rNird ;f csr;f ol-
þolwdkY\ vIyf½Sm;cHpm;rIponfjzpfaom ½kyf?a0'em?onm?ocFg&?
0dnmPf[laom Oyg'geu©E¨mudk ½IMu?rkef;Mu?ESvkH;emMu&ef nTefjy
cJo
Y nfukd wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf trDcS ukd if;ol? vGwv f yfo?l Nird ;f csr;f ol

64
ESifYwuG xdkolwdkY\ ½kyf?a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmPf[laom

tEkyg'geu©E¨mrsm;udkyg 0g;vkH;odrf;½GHrkef; ESvkH;emcJYMuygonf/
xdaYk MumifY wynfah wmfrsm;onf ½kyaf &memrfyg ESpjf zmvk;H rke;f
atmif BudK;pm;aom vlYAvmcsmBuD;rsm; jzpfcJY&ygonf/vlaysmuf
onftxd vludkausmfaom tmabmfvGefBuD;rsm; jzpfcJY&ygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf þodkY vludkausmfrS y,fowf&rnfh w
PSmçork',?udavompm&if;0ifjzpfaom 'd|u d ykd ,fowfEikd rf nf[k
xifjrifrcd MYJ uygonf/igYu, kd f ig-[krw
S , f jl cif;onf twå'|d rd pif[k
xifjrifcMYJ uygonf/þ 'd|w d &m;rsm;üvnf; wynfah wmfrsm; trSef
ESifYuGJjym;cJY&ygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ouúm,'d|dudky,fowf&ef nTefjycJYyg
onf/wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf ½ky"f mwfw\ Ykd tpkta0;jzpfaom td;k çykq;kd
ponfukd ½ky"f mwfw\ Ykd tpkta0;tjzpfrjrifbJ tk;d çykq;kd ponfjzifY
jrifvsS if ouúm,'d|0d ifonf[k rSwx f ifcMYJ uygonf/½kyçf emrfw\ Ykd
tpkta0;jzpfaom Muufç0ufçacG;rsm;ponfukd ½kyçf emrf[rk jrifbJ
Muufç0ufçacG;çEGm;ponfjrifvsS if ouúm,'d|0d ifonf[k xifcMYJ u
ygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf rodonfhtavsmuf rSm;cJYMuygonf/
wynfah wmfwx Ykd ifaom ouúm,'d|rd sm;udk wynfah wmfrsm; y,f½mS ;
Edik Mf uvSsif wynfah wmfrsm;onf rsuu f ef;?em;uef;? OD;aESmufyguef;
aom tm;vkH;uef;olrsm;tjzpf cH&bG,f½Sdygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf wynfah wmfrsm;tm; þodu Yk ef;&ef nTejf y

65
cJo
Y nf r[kwyf g/'d|u d ad vomrsm;Nird ;f jcif;trSef jrwfeAd mÁ efukd &nf
oefnTefjyawmfrlcJYjcif; jzpfygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;y,f&efneT jf yaom ouúm,'d|o d nf xif½mS ;½Sd
aom td;k çykq;kd ESiYf Muufç0ufçacG;çEGm;ponfukd xif½mS ;½daS om td;k ç
ykq;kd ESifY Muufç0ufçacG;çEGm;ponfrsm;[k xifrw S rf mS ;jcif;rsm; r[kwf
yg/xif½mS ;½Sad om td;k çykq;kd ESiYf Muufç0ufçacG;çEGm; ponfjzpfaom
t&mrsm;[k txifBu;D jcif;? tjrifrmS ;jcif;onfom ouúm,'d|d
jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf xif½Sm;½Sdaom tdk;çykqdk;ESifY Muufç0ufç
acG;çEGm; ponfrsm;ü a,medaomtaMumif;trSefudk yGm;jcif;jzifY
ouúm,'d|u d ykd ,f½mS ;xm;&ef rBuKd ;pm;cJrY Md uyg/td;k çykq;kd ESiYf Muufç
0ufçacG;çEGm;ponfrsm;udk y,f½Sm;&ef BudK;pm;rdcJYMuygonf/
ouúm,'d|u d kd rjrifaomtcg twå'|d ?d oów'd|?d Oapä'
'd|?d tp½Sad om'd|rd sm;üvnf; rrSm;atmifrwwfEikd f jzpf&ygonf/
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf tqif;udrk supf jd zifjY rif&mü ig-jrifonf
[k xifjrif,lqvSsif twå'd|djzpfonf?ig-Mum;onf?ig-cHpm;onf?
ig-aumif;onf?ig-qdk;onf tp½SdonfjzifY xifjrif,lqvsif twå
'd|djzpfonf-þodkY twå'd|dü txifrSm;Muygonf/
igjrif? igMum;?igcHpm;?igaumif;?igqd;k ponfrsm;udk rSm;onf
[ky,f½Sm;vSsif b,ftajcqdkufrnf[k wGufppfí rMunfhrdonf
txd uef;cJYMuygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf twå'|d u d kd þodn Yk eT jf ycJo
Y nf r[kwyf g/

66
]]ud,k u Yf , kd u f dk usq;Hk aMumif;?qif;&JaMumif;?tpd;k r&aMumif;

w&m;rsm;jzpfaom tpGOJ yg'gefw&m;rsm; yGm;rsm;aerdygvsuf ud, k Yf
udk,fudk wdk;wufaeonf?csrf;omaeonf?pdk;ydkifaeonf-þodkY t
jrifrmS ;aejcif;udk twå'|d [ d k nYeT jf yjcif;}} jzpfygonf/
þnTefjycsufw&m;udk wynfhawmfwdkYonf ]]ausmurSs r
Mum;}}[lbo d Ykd ½Scd MYJ uygonf/xdaYk MumifY oów'd|Ed iS Yf Oapä''d|w d Ykd
udkvnf; ry,fEkdif?rowfEdkif jzpfcJY&ygonf/ouúm,'d|dçtwå'd|d
rSm;aomf oów'd|u d vkd nf; wynfah wmfrsm;todrmS ;cJMY uygonf/
oow'd|dqdkonfrSm owå0gaoNyD;aemuf xdkaoaom
owå0gxHrS touf(0dnmOf)rsm; xGufcGgoGm;í?wpfyg;aomb0í
qufvufjzpfyGm;onf[laom t,lojzpfonf[k wynfhawmfrsm;
xifjrifcJYygonf/
Oapä''d|üd vnf; owå0gaoNy;D aemuf raorDujyKcaYJ omuH
onf b,ftusdK;rSsrjzpfap[k uH\owådudk tjywf,laom t,l
onfom Oapä''d|d[k wynfhawmfrsm; xifcJYygonf/
xdkYaMumifY wynfhawmfrsm;onf owå0gaoNyD;aemuf t
ouf(0dnmOf)rsm; aoolxHrSxGufcGgí b0topfudkjzpfaponf
vnf; r[kwf/aoolraorDujyKcJYaom uHrsm;onf b0topfudk
jzpfaponfvnf; r[kw-f [k tawG;tjrifrsm;jzpfymG ;atmif BuKd ;pm;
cJYMuygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\tjrifonf owå0gaoNyD;aemuf rjzpf
onfvnf; r[kw?f 0dnmOftoufvyd jf ym xGucf gG oGm;í aemufb0

67
jzpfonfvnf; r[kwf/uHaMumifY aemufb0jzpfonf-þodkY jzpfyg

onf/a½S;b0?aemufb0 0dnmOfquf,rl o S m oów'd|/d a½S;b0?
aemufb0 uHjywf,rl o S m Oapä''d|jd zpfí a½S;b0?aemufb0 uH
quf,lvSsif oów'd|d?Oapä''d|drSvGwfonf?tjrifrSef or®m'd|d
jzpfonf/
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf or®m'd|jd zpf&ef a½S;b0?aemufb0 0d
nmOfquf t,lukd y,fcMYJ uygonf/uHtaMumif;jywft,luv kd nf;
y,fcJYMuygonf/a½S;b0?aemufb0 uHtaMumif;quft,ludk
,lcMYJ uygonf/þod, Yk jl cif;aMumifY or®m'd|jd zpfonf? rdpmä 'd|rd jzpf
[kvnf; xifcJYMuygonf/
xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; wynhfawmfwdkYonf udk,fYudk,fudk 'd|d
jyKwNf y;D ol[vk nf; rxifrjrifwwf jzpfcMYJ uygonf/ aomwmyef
yk*¾dKvfjzpfNyD[lí rxifwwf[k qdkvdkygonf/ykxkZOfrSsom[k oHo
,uif;pGm rSwf,l,kHMunfcJYMuygonf/ xdkYaMumifY wynfhawmfwdkY
onf 'd|u d ad vom y,fNy;D jzpfaomfvnf; r*fÓPfr& jzpfaecJyY g
onf/ wynfhawmfwdkY\ todw&m;onf þrSs cRwfcsKHusaecJYMuyg
onf/wynfhawmfwdkY\ oów'd|d?Oapä''d|drsm;tay: todrsm;
onf vludkausmfvGefaom(twdpm0e)oabm jzpfaecJYygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf "r®u©E¨mtm;vkH;udk t&d,opömtxG#f
wyfí a[mcJYygonf/t&d,opömw&m;onf þwpfvHrSsudk,fum
,rSm jzpfonf/þodkY txyfxyfnTefjycHcJY&vsuf jrwfpGmbk&m;\
ÓPfawmfudk wynfhawmfwdkYonf raxrJYjrif jyKcJYMuygonf/

68
aoNyD;-jzpfonf[laom t,l\tcsdKUt0uf(0dnmOfquf)
t,luo kd m oówjzpfonf?tcsKd Ut0uf uHquf,v l sS if oów
rjzpf[k ,lcJYMuygonf/Oapä'üvnf; aoNyD;aemuf-rjzpf[laom
t,l\tcsdKUt0uf (uHjywf)t,ludkom Oapä'jzpfonf/tcsdKUt
0uf(uHukef),lvSsif Oapä'rjzpf?edAÁmefjzpfonf[k ,lcJYMuygonf/
uHqufonfu 'ku©? uHukefonfu eda&m"/þodkY 'ku©ESifY
eda&m"jzpfaomopömrsm;udk vlaoNy;D aemufrS þwpfvrH sS u, kd u
f m
,udkvGefí nTefjyaerdcJYMuygonf/wynfhawmfwdkYonf rodonfh
tavsmuf uyfzJYwdkufrdMuygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf aoNy;D aemuf-jzpf[k t,lEiS Yf aoNy;D
aemuf-rjzpf[k t,lEpS yf g;udk oów'd|Ed iS Yf Oapä''d|[ d k ynwfcYJ
jcif; jzpfygonf/
aoNy;D aemuf-jzpf t,ltcsKd U(0dnmOfquf)ESiYf aoNy;D aemuf
-rjzpf t,ltcsKd U(uHjywf)? oów'd|Ed iS Yf Oapä''d|[ d k ynwfcYJ
onf r[kwfyg/t&d,opömrsm;udk a[mMum;awmfrlcJYaom jrwfpGm
bk&m;twGuf aoNyD;aemuf jzpfESifYrjzpf[laom t,lrsm;onf
cyfjymESiaYf ½T *a[rpyf ty#dCwfqo kd uJoY Ykd vm;vm;rSsrqdik f jzpf
ygonf/
aoNy;D aemuf-jzpf[,k v
l si?f b,fojYkd zpfonfyif,, l l oó
w'd|/d aoNy;D aemuf-rjzpf,lvsifvnf; b,fodkYrjzpfonfyif,l,l
Oapä''d|jd zpfygonf/tb,faY Mumifq Y akd omf þwpfvrH sS u, kd u
f m,
ü½Sdaom t&d,pömESifY vm;vm;rSsrqdkifaomaMumifY jzpfygonf/

69
þoabmobm0rsm;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;onf wdkuf½dkuf tm

*rtjzpfvnf; ae&maygif;rsm;pGm jywfjywfom;om; a[mMum;rdeYf
>rufcNYJ y;D rsm; ½SydS gonf/wynfah wmfrsm; todreI 0f g; rjywfom;cJaY om
aMumifo Y m rjrifMujcif; jzpfygonf/t*¾0d pä? rmvkusyw k på olrsm;ü
tcgrsm;pGm rdeMYf um;cJNY y;D jzpfygonf/ykxZk OfaoNy;D -jzpf[al om t,l
ESifY &[EÅmaoNyD;-rjzpf[laom t,lrsm;yif w&m;awmftm;jzifY
y,f½Sm;&rnftrSef jzpfygonf/
xdok jYkd zpfaomfvnf; wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf jrwfpmG bk&m;a'o
emawmfjzpfaom uH\tusdK;ay;ykHa[mMum;csufrsm;ESifY b0\
pufqkwfNiD;aiGYbG,faumif;ykHa[mMum;csuf? oHo&mtprxifykH
a[mMum;csufrsm; tp½Sdonfudk trSDjyKí? aoNyD;aemuf-jzpf[k,l
vsif oówrSrvGw[ f k odjrifaomfvnf;? aoNy;D aemufjzpfyt Hk csKd U
udk oówrjzpfwef&m[k BuHvkH;(wuú)xkwfí ,lrdcJYMuygonf/
aoNy;D aemuf-rjzpfyt Hk csKd Uonfvnf; xdt Yk wl Oapä'rjzpfwef&m[k
BuHvkH;xkwfí ,lrdcJYMuygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf ]]uH}}qdkaompum;vkH;? ]]b0}}qdkaom
pum;vkH;? ]]oHo&m}}qdkaom pum;vkH;/ jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;cJY
aom xdpk um;vk;H wdüYk teufrxifEikd af tmif todEcHk smolrsm; jzpfcYJ
Muygonf/xdkYjyif wynfhawmfwdkYonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ pum;awmf
rsm;ü t&if;ESit Yf zsm;udv k nf; ydik ;f jcm;rxif jzpfcMYJ uygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYtjrifü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf owå0gaoNyD;
aemuf jzpfESifYrjzpfudk r,l&efvnf; nTefjycJYygonf/jzpf('ku©)ESifY

70
rjzpf(eda&m")udk od&efEiS q Yf u
kd &f efvnf; nTejf ycJyY gonf/þodYk ESpf
axGESpf0 em;vnfaecJYMuyg\/ wynfhawmfwdkYonf uef;onfht
avsmuf qefYusifbufjzpfí eufeJaom xdka[mMum;csufESpfyg;udk
jywfom;atmifrjrifEikd f jzpfcyYJ gonf/xdaYk MumifY uHquft,l0g'jzifY
wynfhawmfwdkY BuHvkH;xkwfcJYMujcif; jzpfygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;\w&m;awmfonf twuúm0p& (Buv H ;Hk xkwf
½krH sS jzifY usupf m;r&aomw&m;) jzpfaomfvnf; wynfah wmfrsm;
onf uHudkvnf;aumif;? b0udkvnf;aumif;? oHo&mudkvnf;
aumif; arSmfq&m\ypönf;rsdK;pkH qGJxkwfí&aomaowåmuJYodkY pdwf
rSmrSef;í &rf;qBuHpnfrdcJYMuygonf/wynfhawmfwdkY\BuHvkH;onf
wynfhawmfwdkYtm; trSm;taxmifruatmif jzpfyGm;apygonf/
]]bk&m;pum; em;raxmif trSm;taxmifESifY wdk;vdkYwGJv}JG }[k pmcsKd ;
&rnfuJYodkY jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf oówçOapä'r[kwfonfudk oó
wçOapä'vkyfrdjcif;aMumifY oówESifYOapä'tppf 'd|drsm;onf
wynfah wmfrsm;rjrifEikd af om w&m;jzpfNy;D ? wynfah wmfrsm; y,fr&
jzpfcJYygonf/
aoNyD;aemuf uHquf½Sdao;aomaMumifY jzpfrnf/ aoNyD;
aemuf uHuek Nf y;D vSsiu f m; rjzpfNy/D þod[ Yk al om oówESiOYf apä'
'd|drsm;onf wynfhawmfwdkY\ rsufapY? wynfhawmfwdkY\ OD;aESmuf?
wynfah wmfw\ Ykd acgif;? wynfah wmfw\ Ykd vrf;pOf? wynfah wmfw\ Ykd
vrf;nTew f &m; jzpfcyYJ gonf/wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf arsmufukd O,smOf

71
rSL; cefrY o
d nftvm; rSm;cJMY uolrsm; jzpfygonf/aoNy;D aemuf qd;k qd;k
jzpfrnfudk aMumufygonf/ aumif;aumif;jzpfrnfudk arSsmfygonf/
bmrSsrjzpf&rnfudkum; tarSsmf&qkH; jzpfygonf/
þtaMumufESifYtarSsmfrsm;twGuf udk,fçEIwfçESvkH; okH;yg;
vkH;tm; rdkufrIocFg&rsm;ESifY tNrJvkH;yrf;aecJY&ygonf/xdkYaMumifY
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf tdyaf umif;jcif; rtdy&f /pm;aumif;jcif; rpm;&/
tNrJ tm;pdu k af e&ol? enf;enf;rSsrvGwv f yfo?l enf;enf;rSs rNird ;f
csrf;ol jzpfaecJY&ygonf/
tNrJ usq;Hk aejcif;? tNrJ qif;&Jaejcif;? tNrJ ud, k pf ;kd r&
jzpfaejcif;rsm;udk jrif&aomaMumifY usq;Hk jcif;?qif;&Jjcif;ponfwrYdk S
vGwfcsifcJYygonf/vGwfcsifaomaMumifY ydkBudK;pm;/ ydkBudK;pm;aom
aMumifY ydq k if;&J/þodyYk if csr;f omrbuf oufouf qif;&Jae&ol
pdwåZa0'em½Siftjzpf uRHepf&onftxd jzpf&ygonf/
þqif;&Jrsm;onf wynfhawmfrsm;trSm;\ tusdK;rsm; jzpf
ygonf/jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifY vm;vm;rSsrqdkifyg/jrwfpGmbk&m;wynfh
rsm;\ trSm;jzpfí jrwfpmG bk&m;rSm;ovdv k kd olrsm;awG;xifb, G jf zpf
atmif wynfah wmfrsm; jyKcrYJ rI sm;twGuf jrwfpmG bk&m;onf wynfh
awmfwdkYtm; oem;cGifYvTwfygrnfhtaMumif; ½Sdcdk; jyefavSsmuf&yg
rnf/
]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf t&d,opömw&;udk jrifa&;twGuf
t&d,opöm½IaxmifEY iS Yf rajzmifw Y ef;rwnfrh wfaom aoNy;D aemuf
jzpfçrjzpft,lrsm;udk oów'çOapä''d|rd sm;tjzpf rSm;,Gi;f aom

72
t,lrsm;[k ydik ;f jcm; nTejf ycJyY gonf/}}

þodkYjzpfvsuf wynfhawmfrsm;onf þ'd|drsm;üvnf;
trSeEf iS jYf cm;atmif ,lrmS ;rdcMYJ uygonf/þodjYk zpf&jcif; taMumif;
t&if;onf ½kyu f jkd zpfap?emrfujkd zpfap ½GrH ek ;f y,fowfp&m[k wynfh
awmfrsm; ty,ftowfrmS ;aomaMumifY jzpfygonf/½kyu f kd y,fonf
jzpfap? emrfuykd ,fonfjzpfap? ½kyçf emrfEpS yf g;pvk;H udk y,f&rnf[k
xifonfjzpfap- vludkvGef&ygrnf/vludkvGefí awG;BuHjcif;onf
opömESifY tvGJBuD;vGJ&ygrnf/
½kyçf emrfrsm;udk pufqw k Ef v S ;Hk emjcif;onf 'd|u d kd pufqw k f
½G½H mS ESv;Hk emp&m[k rjrifbJ 'd|rd sm; 0uGuí f usecf aYJ tmif BuaH qmif
,liif 'd|dudkcifrifjcif; jzpfygonf/pufqkwf½GH½Sm ESvkH;em&rnfh
wPSm?rme?a'gotp½Sdaom w&m;wdkYvnf; þtwljzpfygonf/
wPSm?rme?a'gotwkrsm;udk tppfxif/tppfrsm;ukd twkxifNyD;
ry,fEdkif?rowfEdkifbJ wPSm?rmeponf\ aus;uRefjzpfygonf/
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf ud,
k pYf m;0wfaea&;?use;f rma&;twGuf
tvkyftudkifrsm; vkyfudkifvSsifvnf; wPSmjzpfonf/tpmpm;csif
jcif; t0wf0wfcsijf cif;onfvnf; wPSmjzpfonf/þodyYk if wPSm
r[kwfonfudküvnf; wPSmvkyfrdMuygonf/wPSmudkrlum;
wPSmr[kwf[k jrifwwfMuygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf aoNyD;aemuf bmrSrjzpfawmYjcif;udk
edAmÁ ef[k xifygonf/xdek Ad mÁ efuv kd nf; wynfah wmfwYkd awmifw Y Mu
ygonf/wynfhawmfwdkYonf aoNyD;aemuf b0rjzpfjcif;udk awmifY

73
wqmavmifMuolrsm; jzpfygonf/0db0wPSmudk wPSm[k rxif

Muyg/qE´[k jrifMuygonf/
xdkYaMumifY wynfhawmfwdkYonf wPSmudkrodaomaMumifY
wPSmudky,f&rnfhtpm; tvkyftudkifudk y,frdvdky,frd/ tpm;ç
t0wfudk y,frdvdky,frd jzpfcJYMuygonf/wPSmr[kwfonfudk
wPSmvkyfrdaomaMumifY wPSmonf wynfhawmfwdkY y,fr&aom
w&m;jzpfNyD; wynfhawmfwdkYtm; wPSmonf umrwPSmtjzpf
vnf;aumif;? b0wPSmtjzpfvnf;aumif;? 0db0wPSmtjzpf
vnf;aumif; yl;0ifESdyfpufygawmYonf/
a'goüvnf; þenf;twdkif; jzpfygonf/ wynfhawmfwdkY
onf vludkausmfvGefolrsm;jzpfaomaMumifY a'gor[kwfonfudk
vnf; a'govkyfrdMuygonf/ tEÅ&m,fusa&mufaomtcg tEÅ
&m,fudkumuG,f&ef qkwfepfaompdwf? wuf<uaompdwfrsm; jzpf
yGm;ygonf/OyrmÞ vIid ;f Bu;D aoma&jyifus,üf avSi,furkd pD;vdk
jcif;pdwrf sm;? uR½J ikd ;f çEGm;½dik ;f rsm; wdu
k cf u
kd cf &H í tulawmif;aom
tcg ajy;vTm;atmf[pfaomtoHEiS Yf ud, k vf ufvyI ½f mS ;rIrsm; jzpfyg
onf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf þt&mrs;udk a'go[k xifrdrSm;cJYyg
onf/xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; þa'gorsm;ukd wynfawmfwdkY y,fr&
jzpfcJYygonf/þodkY a'gor[kwfonfukd a'govkyfrdaomaMumifY
tppftrSeaf 'goudv k nf; wynfah wmfrsm; tuket f pifrod jzpfcYJ
Muygonf/

74
½kyfçemrfudk wynfhawmfwdkY ½GHrkef;ygonf/½GHrkef;aomfvnf;

½kyçf emrfuif;atmif rwwfEikd yf g/xdaYk MumifY vnfüacG;aoykyf tqGJ
cH&olyrm Ni;D aiGEY v S ;Hk emygonf/þt&mrsm;onf w&m;jzpfaeonf
[k wynfhawmfwdkY xifygonf/qkwfepfaoma'gorsm; jzpfaeonf
[k wynfhawmfwdkY rodyg/
xdkYjyifvnf; wynfhawmfwdkYonf vludkvGefMuaomaMumifY
xdeudavom r[kwo f nfüvnf; xdeudavom[kxifMuygonf/
tdyfaysmfjcif;onf b,fodkYaomuHpdwfrSs rjzpfyg/ xdeudavom
onf tukodkvfuHrsm; jzpfyGm;rSom jzpfcGifY&aomudavom jzpfyg
onf/ xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; tdyfaysmfjcif;onf xderd'üdavom
tm;BuD;onf[k wynfhawmfrsm; xifrSm;cJYMuygonf/ þodkYyif
xdevkyfcJYMuygonf/
tu,f xdeudavom[kwfonfüum; xder[kwf[k xif
rdcMYJ uygonf/w&m;r[kwaf om ½kyçf emrfü w&m;vkyí f usirYf ad om
aMumifY vltjzpfuNkd i;D aiGNY y;D pm;0wfaerI ra½S;½I raysmyf u
kd f acgif;
½du
k af i;rIid f aexdik jf cif;onfvnf; pdwrf 0Hjh cif;(xdeudavom) jzpf
ygonf/þodyYk if xdet[kwüf rlum; xdervkyrf d jzpfcMYJ uygonf/
xdkYaMumifY wynfhawmfwdkYonf tdyfaysmfjcif;udkomy,fbdkY BudK;pm;
MuNyD; tu,fxdeudky,fbdkY rBudK;pm;rd jzpfygonf/
rmeudavomudk y,fowf&müvnf; tvm;wlyif jzpfyg
onf/wynfhawmfwdkYonf rmeudavomudky,fowf&mü igr[kwfç
olr[kwf emrfESifY½kyf vkyfvdkufrdcYJMuygonf/vludkausmfaom emrfç

75
½kyftbd"r®monf wynfhawmfwdkYtm; rmeudkvnf;rodatmif t

arSmifusapcJYygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf wynfhawmfwdkYtm; taxmiftvTm;?
tarmuftrmuif;atmif rmeudyk ,f&ef nTejf ycJjY cif; jzpfygonf/
igr[kwçf olr[kwf emrfEiS ½Yf yk v f yk rf v
d sif taxmiftvTm;uif;olyif
r½Sd jzpfygrnf/jrwfpmG bk&m;\ igr[kwçf olr[kwn f eT jf ycsuof nf
wynfhawmfwdkY\ ½kyfçemrftjrifESifY tvGJBuD;vGJygonf/
tu,fü vlonf b,ftvkyfudkvkyfonfjzpfap odkYr[kwf
b,ftjzpfujkd zpfonfjzpfap igvkyo f nf?igjzpfonf xifMu½d;k jzpfyg
onf/þodkYxifjrifNyD; igESifYol b,foluomí b,folucsmonf
ponfjzifY wdik ;f xGmNy;D 0rf;enf;0rf;omjzpfMuonfrmS "r®wmjzpfyg
onf/
olESifY ig? igESifY ol/b,foif;uom? b,foif;ucsm wdkif;
xGmp&monf tu,fr½Sdyg/b,fol bmvkyfçbmjzpfqdkonfrSm ol
vkycf siw
f ikd ;f vky?f oljzpfcsiw
f ikd ;f jzpfonf r[kwyf g/tajctaet&-
vkyf? tajctaet&-jzpfom ½Sdygonf/vkyfjcif;ESifYjzpfjcif;rsm;ü
vlonf Zmwfvdkufr[kwfyg/tajctaeonfom Zmwfvdkufjzpfyg
onf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf wynfah wmfwt Ykd m; vkyjf cif;çjzpfjcif;rsm;ü
vludkZmwfvdkufxifNyD; MunfhrSm;jcif;udk y,f½Sm;apvdkaomaMumifY
rmeudavomudk y,f½Sm;cdkif;jcif; jzpfygonf/
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf jrwfpmG bk&m;nTejf yaom udavomudk

76
rodçrjrifjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifY rmeudky,fowf&rnfhtpm; vludk

y,frdcJYMuygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;UUUUUU
wynfhawmfwdkYtm; oem;aomtm;jzifY cGifYvTwfawmfrlyg/
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf jrwfpmG bk&m; y,f&efneT jf ycJaY om w&m;rsm;udk
vlrsm; odkYr[kwf igudk igr[kwf? olrsm;onfvnf; olrsm;r[kwf?
a,musfm;rsm;onfvnf; a,musfm;r[kwfponfjzpfonf[k xifrd
cJYMuygonf/½kyfrsm; odkYr[kwf emrfrsm;[kvnf; xifcJYMuygonf/
½kyfçemrfESpfyg;vkH;jzpfrnfyif xifrdMuygonf/
xdjYk yifvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m;y,f&ef nTejf yonfh w&m;rsm;ü
pm;jcif;?tdyfjcif;?0wfjcif;ponfrsm;üvnf;jzpfonf[k xifrdcJYMu
ygonf/tppftrSefy,f&rnfh wPSmçork',udavomrsm;ü w
ynfhawmfrsm; vm;vm;rSspdwfr0ifpm;rdcJYMuyg/þtjypfrsm;onf
jrwfpmG bk&m;udk jrwfpmG bk&m;r[kwaf tmif wifjyaebdonft h vm;
BuD;rm;vSaMumif; wynfhawmfrsm; oabmoGm;ÓPfayguf tvif;
a&muf odjrifc&YJ ygNy/D
xdaYk MumifY þtjypfrsm;udk tjypfrsm;tavsmuf½jI rifNy;D jyK
jyifrnfjzpfaMumif; ½dak opGmavSsmufxm;í 0yfwmG ;½Scd ;kd tyfygonf
teEÅaus;Zl;awmfocif Ak'¨toSsifjrwfBuD;bk&m;UUUUUUU/
ork',opöm "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; NyD;\/

77
78

y#dpöorkyÜg'f "r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk; 79
y#dpo
ö rkygÜ 'f "r®yZl m bk&m;½Scd ;kd
Ak'¨toSsifjrwfbk&m;UUUUUUUU
toSsifbk&m;a[mnTefjyo qkH;rcJYaom t&d,opömav;
yg;ü wynfah wmfrsm; rSm;csiw f ikd ;f rSm;? 0g;csiw
f ikd ;f 0g;cJo Y nfrsm;udk
r½SufEdkifraMumufEdkiftm;bJ trSefw&m;udkvufudkifxm;í nTwf
usdK;½Sdcdk; uefawmYcJY&ygNyD/
toSsib f &k m;tm; þod½Yk cdS ;kd &umrSsjzifY wynfah wmfwYkd trSm;
rsm;aMumifY r0Edkifatmif ½Sdae&ygao;onf/wynfawmfwdkYonf
toSsib f &k m;udjk ypfrmS ;&mü t&d,opömrSsru yd#uwfü ½So d rSswikd ;f
vdvk jkd zifY txifvrJG mS ; jypfrmS ;rdMujcif; jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifY toSsifbk&m;tm; b,fw&m;jzifY a½S;OD;pGm nTwf
usKd ;½Scd ;kd &rnfyif rodcsio f vdvk kd jzpfryd gonf/xdo k jYkd zpfaomfvnf;
y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'frmS rlum; toSsib f &k m;\ b0tjrifqifjcifccYJ surf sm;
jzpfí y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fjzifyY if toSsib f &k m;tm; a½S;OD;pGm nGww f mG ;uef
awmYcGifY jyKapcsifygonf/
toSsib f &k m;a[mMum;cJaY om y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fw&m;awmfonf
twdwçf ypöKyeÜ çf tem*wf umvok;H wef b0tjzpfrsm; qufpyf[ef
udk nTefjycsuf[k wynfhawmfrsm; rrSdwfrokef ,kHMunfcJYMuygonf/
wynfah wmfwYkd rarG;rDb0?raorDb0?aoNy;D aemufb0-þok;H b0
wdkY tqufrjywf qufpyf[efudk a0befa[mjycsuf[k todouf
a&muf oabmaygufcJY&ygonf/xdkYaMumifY toSsifbk&m;\ y#dpö

orkygÜ 'f t*Fgwpfq,fEY pS &f yf½adS omwpfywfonf ok;H b0qufrjS zpf

rnf[kvnf; rSwf,lcJYrdygonf/
,ckb0üum; y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'ft*Fgwpfq,fEY pS &f yfteuf ½Spf
&yfomjzpfonf/0dnmPf?emrfç½ky?f oVm,we?zó?a0'em[laom
ypöKyeÜ tf usKd ;vTmt*Fgrsm;ESiYf wPSmçOyg'gefçb0[laom ypöKyeÜ t f
aMumif;t*Fgrsm;om jzpfygonf/
ypöKyeÜ t
f usKd ;vTmrsm;\ taMumif;jzpfaom t0dZmÆ çocFg&[l
aom twdwftaMumif;vTmt*Fgrsm;um; rarG;rDb0ü ½SdcJYonf/
ypöKyeÜ t
f aMumif;vTmrsm;\ tusKd ;jzpfaom Zmwd?Z&m?r&P[laom
tem*wftusKd ;vTmt*Fg&yfrsm; aoNy;D aemufb0ü jzpfvwåYH jzpf
onf/þodkYyif okH;b0qufrS t*Fgwpfq,fYESpf&yf y#dpöorkyÜg'f
wpfywfvnfonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf toSsifbk&m;\w&m;udk þodkYyif em;
vnfcJYMuygonf/wynfhawmfwdkY\em;vnfcsufonf toSsifbk&m;
tm; apmfum;onfEiS rYf jcm; jzpfcyYJ gvdrrYf nf/toSsib f &k m;onf vlü
jzpfaom t&d,opömav;yg;udk a[mMum;cJyY gonf/wynfah wmfwYkd
onf toSsifbk&m;\a[mMum;csufudk vlvGefatmif em;vnfcJYrd
Muygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf toSsifbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlaom
w&m;awmfrsm;udkavYvmMu&mü a[mMum;csufpum;awmfudk
a[mMum;csufpum;awmftjzpfom avYvmcJYrdMuygonf/toSsif
bk&m;\pum;awmfudk wu,fYvlrSmjzpfaom tjzpftysuf teuf

tw¬wdkYjzifYavYvm&ef cRwf,Gif;cJYMuygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\ cRwf,Gif;csufonf cGifYvTwf&efcufaom
cRw, f iG ;f csuyf if trSejf zpfygvdrrYf nf/tb,faY Mumifq Y akd omf wynfh
awmfwYkd ,ckypöKyeÜ b f 0üyif Zmwd?Z&m?r&Prsm; jzpfymG ;aeonfukd
ay:ay:vGifvGif txift½Sm;awGYEdkiftm;vSsuf þt*Fgrsm; tem
*wfrjS zpfymG ;rnf[k rSwo f m;rdjcif; jzpfygonf/þtwl t0dZmÆ çocFg
&rsm;vnf; þb0ü ay:vGix f if½mS ;vSsuf þb0ü rjzpf[k rSwf
om;cJYMujcif; jzpfygonf/
ypöKyeÜ t
f usKd ;vTmrSm ZmwdEiS Yf Z&mçr&P yg0ifygonf/
taMumif;vTmrSm t0dZÆmESifYocFg& yg0ifonf/þodkYqdkvSsifvnf;
ypöKyeÜ rf mS yif t*Fgwpfq,fEh pS &f yfv;Hk jzpfonf[yk if rSwo f m;oifyY g
onf/y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fü wynfah wmfrsm; þodYk aemufusad xGjym; 0g;ae
jcif;rSm pmudzk wf&mü pmESi-Yf wu,ft Y ESpjf zpfaompmudk csev f yS Nf y;D
pmESifY-teufrsm;udkom zwfrdaomaMumifY jzpfygvdrfYrnf/
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fukd ok;H b0pyfrS wpfywf
vnfonfqdkvSsif ypöKyÜeftusdK;vTmt*Fgrsm;jzpfaom 0dnmPf?emrfç
½kyf?oVm,we?zó?a0'emwdkYonf wpfb0vkH; wpfcgomjzpf&
rnfuJYodkY t"dyÜg,f½Sdygonf/ypöKyÜeftaMumif;vTmt*Fgrsm;jzpfaom
wPSm?Oyg'gef?b0wdkYvnf; wpfb0 wpfcgomjzpf&rnfuJYodkY jzpf
ygonf/
tu,fü þw&m;rsm; wpfb0twGi;f ra&rwGuEf ikd f rsm;
pGmjzpfaecJyY gonf/ a0'emrsm;pGmjzpf&ef zórsm;pGm jzpf&ygonf/

xdt
Yk wl 0dnmPfaygif;rsm;pGmjzpf&efvnf; ocFg&aygif;rsm;pGm jzpf&
ayrnf/tu,füum; y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fonf wpfb0ü wpfywfrjynfh
atmif rvnfrywf &yfaeonfr[kwyf g/tNrrJ jywf vnfywfae
ygonf/
t0dZmÆ onf 'kuu © kd 'ku[ © k ydik ;f jcm;rodjcif;jzpfygonf/xdk
t0dZmÆ w&m;onf rarG;rDujzpfco YJ nf?rjzpfco YJ nfukd wyftyfrod
aomfvnf; ,ckb0jzpfaeonfuu kd m; wynfah wmfwYkd wyftyfoyd g
onf/
ocFg&onfvnf; yknmyknçtmaeOÆ tbdocFg&jzpfaom
avmuDukodkvfçtukodkvfrsm; jzpfygonf/þocFg&rsm;onfvnf;
rarG;rDu jzpfçrjzpf {uef{urod&aomfvnf; arG;Ny;D raorDt
wGi;f um; jzpfaeonfrmS {uefjzpfygonf/
þt*Fg&yfrsm;onf rarG;rDujzpfcaYJ om t*Fg&yfrsm;[k w
ynfah wmfwx Ykd ifaomfvnf; arG;NyjD zpfaeaomt*Fg&yfrsm; trSejf zpf
Muygonf/þt*Fg&yfrsm;onf uHEiS u Yf ad vomrsm; jzpfMuygonf/
þuH þudavomrsm; wynfah wmfwrYkd mS jzpfaerSe;f tvsO;f odvsS uf
þt*Fg&yfrsm;onf rarG;rDutaMumif;t&mrsm;[k rSwo f m;aerdcYJ
Muygonf/
þuHçudavomrsm;onf ypöKyÜeftaMumif;w&m;jzpfaom
wPSmçOyg'gefçb0rsm;ü oG,0f u kd í f ygaejcif;om jzpfonf-þodYk
xifaeonf/aoNy;D aemuf ZmwdçZ&mçr&Prsm;tjzpfom tusKd ;udk
jzpfaprnf/þodkY rSwfom;aerdcJYygonf/

jrwfpmG bk&m;onf ypöKyeÜ t f usKd ;ig;yg;ü 0dnmPfukd a½S;OD;

pGma[mcJyY gonf/0dnmPfonf y#doaE¨pw d f ({ule0Dowd0n d mPf
pdw)f rsm; jzpfygonf/þ0dnmPfonf y#doaE¨çb0ifçpkwd ok;H udpö
wyfygonf/
ypöKyÜeftaMumif;rsm;ü oG,f0dkufygaeonf[k xifcJYaom
ocFg&onf aZmudpöwyfygonf/aZmpdwfrsm;apmNyD;aomtcgwGif
b0ifpw d rf sm; usygonf/ b0ifpw d rf sm;onf 0dnmPfrsm;jzpfyg
onf/þ0dnmPf\taMumif;onf twdwfb0 avmuD uHçocFg&
rsm;[k wynfhawmfrsm; rSwfom;aerdcJYMuaomfvnf; arG;NyD;onfrS
þb0apmaom uHçocFg&aZmrsm;\ tusdK;0dyguf 0dnmPfb0if
rsm;tjzpf jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;cJjY cif; jzpfygonf/
þrSsxifay:csuu f kd wynfah wmfrsm; rodE;kd em;ESiYf 0d;k 0g;cJMY u
ygonf/þodkY0dk;0g;&onfrSmvnf; wynfhawmfrsm;\ todÓPf
enf;yg; taumufrSm;í jzpfygonf/
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf y#doaE¨çb0ifçpkwpd w d rf sm; wpfb0ü
wpfpw d w f nf;?wpftm½kw H nf;om½SMd uonf? r[m0dygufyXrpdwjf zifY
y#doaEäecJv Y sS if aovnf; r[m0dygufyXrpdw/f aevnf; tjcm;
(0Dx)d pdwrf sm; rjzpfaomtcg r[m0dygufyXrpdwf jzpfonf/þodYk
rSm;cJYMuygonf/wynfhawmfwdkYonf pm\ wu,fYteufudk rbwf
bJ pm\pmeufrsm;ukdom bwfcJYMuolrsm; jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifY wynfhawmfrsm;onf avmbaZmocFg&rsm;apm
NyD;aemif-avmb\tusdK;0dygufb0ifjzpfaom t[dwftukov

0dygufb0ifrsm; jzpfymG ;onfukd xif½mS ;vSsuf rjriftm;jzpfcMYJ uyg

onf/a'goaZmrsm;apmNyD;aemifvnf; a'go\tusdK;0dygufrsm;
usygonf/r[mukov kd yf XraZmaemifvnf; r[m0dygufyXrb0if
rsm; usygonf/½lyg½lyukov kd f psmefaZmrsm;aemifvnf; ½lyg½lypsmef
b0ifrsm; usygonf/þodkYjzpfonfrSm xif½Sm;ygonf/
cspjf cif;?rke;f jcif;?Munfnakd v;pm;jcif;paom aZmpdwrf sm;jzpf
yGm;NyD;aemuf xdkaZmrsm;\qefYusifbuf tajctaewpf&yf&yf
ra&mufrcsi;f xdak Zmrsm;twdik ;f cspv f sS u?f rke;f vSsu?f Munfnakd v;
pm;vSsuf ponf½jdS cif;rSm b0ifuscjYJ cif;aMumifY xif½mS ;vSygonf/
b0ifpw d o f nf 'Gg&rJYaompdwf jzpfaomaMumifY wynfhawmf
wdkYtwGuf rsufuG,faecJYygonf/wynfhawmfwdkYtwGuf rodpw d f
jzpfaecJYonf[k qdk&ygrnf/xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; b0ifpdwfonf
raem'Gg&pdwf jzpfygonf/raem'Gg&onf "r®m½krH sm;\ 'Gg&wm0efukd
cH&aom 'Gg&jzpfygonf/xdaYk MumifY aZmu cspv f sS if b0ifuvnf;
cspb f 0ifjzpfNy;D ? xdck spb f 0if'gG &ü "r®m½kw H pfcck 0k ifvmvSsif cspaf Zm
tjzpfyif apmp&m½Sdygonf/
xdaYk MumifY 0dyguf0n d mPfpw d of nf avmuDu(H apwem)aZm
rsm; jzpfaomaMumifY b0if/ a½S;aZmapwemb0ESiYf aemufaZm
apwemb0ESpcf w k iG f pyfay;wwfaomaMumif y#doaE¨/ wpfb0rS
wpfb0 a½GUvsm;apaomaMumifY pkw/d udpo ö ;Hk rsKd ; &½Sjd cif; jzpfyg
onf/þudpo ö ;Hk ckonf wNyKd ief ufjzpfygonf/rdcif0rf;wGi;f wGif tp
OD;jzpfcsed üf y#doaE¨?aocsed üf pkw?d aecsed rf mS b0if/þodrYk [kwyf g/

wynfhawmfwdkYonf þrSsxif½Sm;aeonfudkvnf; rIef0g;

íaecJYMuygonf/xdkYaMumifY 0dnmPf\taMumif;onf twdwfrS
ocFg&[k ,lqrdcJYMuygonf/þtwdwftaMumif; ocFg&t&onf
ypöKyÜeftaMumif;t*Fg b0ESifYtwlyif jzpfygonf/trSefü ocFg&
onf b0jzpfonf/ b0[lonf avmuDuH(apwem)rsm; jzpfyg
onf/
þae&mü b0t&udk wynfah wmfrsm; rsm;pGmyif rIe0f g;Mu
ygonf/b0 t&aumuf&mü w&m;udk,ftjzpf avmuDuH(apw
em)rSsaumuf&onfukd tm;r&aomaMumifY b0Bu;D udk ud;k rsKd ;tjzpf
wpfwpfcGcG aumufcJYMuygonf/þodkYjyKrdjcif;onfvnf; wynfh
awmfwdkYudk rsufapYvnfapygonf/
"r®yk'fwpfckudk t&aumuf&mü w&m;udk,fr[kwfaomt
&mrsm;jzifY oa0xd;k aeMuvSsif þuJUodYk rsuaf pYvnf&rnfrmS vnf;
"r®wmjzpfygonf/b0Bu;D ud;k rsKd ;qdkaomfvnf; wu,fYw&m;udk,f
rSm apwemyif jzpfygonf/umrb0onf umruHapwem/ ½lyg
½lyb0onf ½lyg½lyuHapwem/ {ua0gum&b0onf ½lyyOöruH
apwem/pwka0gum&b0onf t½lyuHapwem/þodkYyif jzpfyg
onf/
b0t&udk wu,fxrd ad tmifaumufaomtcg avmuDuH
apwemyif &ygonf/wynfhawmfwdkYtjrifü b0qdkonfrSm vlt
jzpf?ewftjzpf?jA[®mtjzpf?acG;çEGm;çwd&pämefçNydwåmponftjzpf-
þodkYrSwfxifaecJYMuygonf/

b0ESifYocFg&onf t&wljzpfygonf/ocFg&jzpfjcif;onf
b0jzpfjcif;yif jzpfygonf/ocFg&vnf; avmuDuaH pwem? b0
vnf; avmuDuHapwem jzpfygonf/
xdaYk MumifY b0[laom ypöKyeÜ t f aMumif;t*Fg\ tusKd ;onf
aoNyD;aemufü jzpfvwåHYaom tem*wftusdK;vTm Zmwdy#doaE¨
aejcif; r[kwyf g/Zmwdt&onfvnf; 0dnmPfpaom ypöKyeÜ t f usKd ;
w&m;rsm;\tjzpfyif jzpfygonf/xdaYk MumifY ypöKyeÜ t f aMumif;t*Fg
b0\tusKd ;onf xdb k 0ESiYf umvçXmerjcm;bJ cPomjcm;aom
b0ifyifjzpfygonf/
xdaYk MumifY ypöKyeÜ t
f usKd ;0dnmPf\ taMumif;onf rarG;rD
ujyKaom twdwftaMumif; ocFg&r[kwfovdk? ypöKyÜeftaMumif;
b0\tusdK;onfvnf; aoNyD;aemuf tem*wftusdK;Zmwdvnf;
r[kwfyg/
t0dZÆmçocFg&aMumifY 0dnmPf?emrfç½kyf?oVm,we?zó?
a0'em-jzpf/,if;aMumifY wPSm?Oyg'gef?b0-jzpf/,if;aMumifY Zmwd
ESiZYf &m?r&P-jzpf/jrwfpmG bk&m;onf þodyYk if a[mcJyY gonf/vnf
ywfyaHk y:vGi&f ef tusK;d ESit Yf aMumif;wpfpu
Hk kd ypöKyeÜ jf yKí? ,if;ypöK
yÜeftaMumif;udk twdwf/ ypöKyÜeftaMumif;\tusdK;udk tem*wf/
þodkYxkwfjycJYjcif; jzpfygonf/
qdkvdkonfrSm 0dnmPf?emrf½kyf?oVm,we?zó?a0'em-
0dygufZmwd?Z&m?r&Prsm;jzpfaomaMumifY t0dZÆm?wPSm?Oyg'gef
udavomrsm; jzpf/udavomrsm;jzpfaomaMumifY 0dnmPf?emrf½kyf?

oVm,we?zó?a0'em-0dygufZmwd?Z&m?r&Prsm; jzpf/þodjYk zpf

ygonf/0dygufaMumifY udavomjzpf/udavomaMumifY uHjzpf/ uH
aMumifY 0dygufjzpf/þodYk vnfywf jzpfçysuaf eonfukd jrwfpmG bk&m;
a[mMum;awmfrlcJYygonf/
þodjYk zpfaomfvnf; pum;vk;H pdr;f aomaMumifY wynfah wmf
wdkYÓPfü vnfywf[efrxifbJ okH;b0pyfrS wpfywfvnf[ef
xifrrd mS ;cJMY uygonf/wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf oHo&mqdo k nfukd rarG;rD
b0rsm;? ,ckb0ESiYf aoNy;D aemufb0rsm; jzpfymG ;çvnfywfaejcif;
[k rSwfom;aecJYMuygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ ]]terwa*¾g ,H bdu©a&m oHoa&m ykAÁ
aum#d eynm,wd}}tp½Sdaom pum;udkvnf; rarG;rDu [dka½S;
b0 tprxifonfudkqdkvdkonf[k xifcJYMuygonf/
Muufrutkí MuufOjzpf/MuufOuaygufaomaMumifY
Muufrjzpf/þü MuufrESiMYf uufO vnfaeygonf/rnfou l tp[k
razmfjyEdkif jzpfaeygonf/udavomaMumifY uHjzpf/ uHaMumifY
0dygufjzpf/0dygufaMumifY udavomjzpf/þ0#fokH;jzm b,ft&m
tp[k rjyEdik af tmifjzpfjcif;onf ]]ykAaÁ um#d eynm,wd}}jzpfjcif;
jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;cJYaom y#dpö
orkyÜg'fudk b0oHo&mtajcjyZ,m;tjzpf rSwfom;rdcJYMuygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf wynfah wmfwt Ykd m; 'kuu © ykd ikd ;f jcm;od&ef oHo&m
tajcjyZ,m;tjzpf y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;udk a[mMum;cJYygonf/

wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf jrwfpmG bk&m;nTejf yonfukd rjrifEikd Mf u

jzpfaeMuygonf/jrwfpmG bk&m;onf y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fw&m;awmftjzpf
wynfah wmfwüYkd jzpfymG ;aeaom 'kut © jzpfrsm;udk ydik ;f ykid ;f jcm;jcm;
a[mMum;awmfrlcJYygonf/cdk;jcif;?owfjcif;?tp½Sdaom raumif;rI
uHrsm;udkjyKvSsif raumif;rIqdkaomfvnf; tacsmifpm;&?0wf&?ae
xdik &f í aumif;onf/þodYk 'kuu © kd okcxifjcif;/t0dZmÆ xifwpfv;Hk
jzifY tykn tbdocFg& cd;k jcif;?owfjcif;paom uHq;kd rsm;udk jyKyg
onf/
xdkuHqdk;aZmapwemrsm;aMumifY xdkaZmESifYxyfwl tm½kH½Sd
aom w'g½kH odrYk [kwf b0if[al om 0dyguf0n d mPfrsm; usygonf/
xdk b0if0yd guf0n d mPfusaomaMumifY xd0k n d mPfEiS Yf orÜ,w k "å r®
rsm;jzpfaom apwodufESifY½kyfrsm; jzpfvmygonf/
xdaYk MumifY rsuaf pY?em;?ESm?vSsm?ud,k ?f re'Gg&ajcmufyg;ESiYf awGY
ygonf(zó)/awGYaomaMumifY cHpm;rI(a0'em)rsm; jzpfygonf/
cHpm;&rIrsm;jzpfaomaMumifY tvm;wltm½krH sm; qmavmifrw G o f yd f
(wPSm)jzpfygonf/xdkYaMumifY owfjcif;?cdk;jcif;paom ygyuHrsm;
wbefjyKygonf/xdkYaMumifY uHaZmapwem\ tusdK;0dyguf0dnmPf
rsm; Zmwdtjzpf a&mufygonf/xdaYk MumifY 0dnmPfzsuf ysuyf gonf/
þodYk raumif;rIb0tjzpfü w&pf&pf vnfywfaeaom
aMumifY pd;k &dryf al qG; idak <u;0rf;enf; qif;&Jyifyef;jcif;rsm; jzpfyg
onf/jrwfpmG bk&m;onf vlrsm; qif;&Joo H &mvnfyu Hk kd ydik ;f ykid ;f jcm;
jcm;a[mMum;&ef y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk a[mMum;jcif;jzpfygonf/

ay;jcif;?urf;jcif;?oDvaqmufwnfjcif;ESiYf ½ky½f jI cif;?emrf½I

jcif;paom yknçtmaeOÆ tbdocFg&rsm;udk jyKjcif;onf aovSsif
jrwfonf?ewf½GmçedAÁmefodkY {uefa&mufrnf-þodkY 'ku©udk okcxif
jcif;onf t0dZmÆ jzpfonf/þt0dZmÆ xifwpfv;Hk jzifY b0ifz;Hk aeol
rsm;onf yknçtmaeOÆ tbdocFg&rsm;udk jyKygonf/
xdu k aH Zmapwemrsm;aMumifY 0dyguf0n d mPfb0ifrsm; jzpfyg
onf/xdk0dnmPf?emrf½kyf?oVm,we?zó?a0'emrsm;aMumifY xdk
uHaZmapwem aemufxyfwbefjyK&ef qmavmifrw G of yd jf cif; tpGJ
pdwåZ0ifjcif;rsm; jzpfygonf/xdkYaMumifY xdkuHaZmapwemrsm;udk
wbefjyKygonf/xdkYaMumifY 0dnmPf?emrf½kyf?ponfrsm; Zmwd?Z&m?
r&P jzpfygonf/xdo k Ykd wcsmvnfvnf w&pfywfywfjzpfNy;D pd;k &drf
ylaqG; idka<u;0rf;enf; qif;&Jyifyef;Mu&ygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk vlY'ku©oHo&mtjzpf
uGuu f u
G u f iG ;f uGi;f ½Si;f vif;wifjycJyY gonf/'kuo© oH &monf b0
oHo&mjzpfygonf/wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf b0oHo&mESiYf 'kuo © o H &m
udk a½S;b0?aemufb0rsm;[k rSwfom;aecJYrdMuygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf ]]taeuZmwd oHom&H oE¨m0dóH tedAdÁ
oH}}tp½So d nfjzifY a[mcJo Y nf½adS omf rarG;rDb0rsm;pGm usiv f nfcYJ
csufudk a[m>rufonf[krxifatmif rwwfEkdif jzpfcJY&ygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf owå0gaoNyD;aemuf jzpfao;ovm;¿
ar;onfukd y#dou d jf yKxm;cJoY nf/odaYk omfvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m;onf
yif ykaAÁEó k wdÓPfü ]]{urÜd uwd a'G ydZmwda,m}} tp½So d nf

jzifv Y nf;aumif;? ]]{0Harmawåm {0Hemarm {0Hrm[ma&m {0Hock

y#doHa0'D}}[kvnf;aumif; a[mcJYygonf/
owå0gaoNy;D aemuf rjzpfawmYNyv D m;¿ar;onfukd jrwfpmG
bk&m;onf y#dou d jf yKxm;cJo Y nf/wbefvnf; ]]aw cDPADZm t0d
½kV§DqE´m edAÁEÅd"D&m ,xm,Hy'Dayg}}[k a[mcJYygonf/
xdaYk MumifY wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf jrwfpmG bk&m;pum;awmfrsm;
ü wom;wnf;&atmif aumuf,í l rvG,u f El ikd f vufridI cf s yifyef;
BuD;pGm jzpfcJY&ygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tu,fü b0rsm;pGmjzpfcJYonfudkvnf;
a[mawmfrlcJYygonf/wbef b0csKyfNidrf; ½kyfodrf;onfudkvnf;
a[mawmfrcl yYJ gonf/xdo k jYkd zpfaomfvnf; b0jzpfjcif;ESiYf b0csKyf
Nird ;f ½kyo
f rd ;f jcif;onf wynfah wmfwx Ykd ifovdk vluv kd eG jf cif; tvsO;f
r½Syd g/b0jzpf&müvnf; þwpfvrH sS u, kd rf mS /b0csKy&f müvnf; þ
wpfvHrSsudk,frSmyif jzpfygonf/
y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fvnfywfjcif;onf b0jzpfjcif; jzpfygonf/y#d
pöorkygÜ 'fvnfywfjcif;ESiYf odrYk [kwt f 0dZmÆ ESiYf vnfywfrjI ywfjcif;
onf b0csKyNf ird ;f jcif; jzpfygonf/b0jzpfjcif; wynfah wmfwx Ykd if
ovdk aoNyD;aemuf qufvufjzpfyGm;jcif;[k qdkvkdonfr[kwfyg/
b0csKyfNidrf;jcif;onfvnf; aoNyD;aemuf bmrSsrjzpfawmYjcif;[k
qdkvkdonfr[kwfyg/
þwpfvHrSsvlüyif b0jzpfjcif;?b0Zmwfodrf;csKyfjcif;udk
jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;cJjY cif; jzpfygonf/þwpfvrH sS vül yif b0

aygif;ra&Edik jf zpfcí YJ jzpfcaYJ omb0rsm;rS wpfb0?ESpb f 0 ponfü

trsKd ;trnftpm;pm;ESiYf csr;f omqif;&Jukd atmufarYEikd jf cif;onf
ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPf jzpfygonf/
þwpfvrH sS vül yif y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fvnfí þwpfvrH sS vül yif
y#dpöorkyÜg'f&yfjcif;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlcJYygonf/
twdkif;rodBuD;jrwfaomÓPfawmf½dSawmfrlaom jrwfpGm
bk&m;UUUUU
wynfhawmfwdkYonf toSsifbk&m;a[mMum;tyfaom y#dpö
orkyÜg'fa'oemawmfjrwfü toSsifbk&m; rdefY>rufvdkcsuftmabmf
ESiYf wynfah wmfwt Ykd jrifrmS cyfjymESiaYf ½Ttvm; tjcm;Bu;D jcm;vSsuf
½SdcJYygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf rkdufonfhtavsmuf y#dpöorkyÜg'f r
[kwo f nfuykd if y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fvyk rf cd MYJ uygonf/y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'ft[kwf
ü y#dpöorkyÜg'ft[kwf[krxifEdkif jzpfcJYMuygonf/
xdaYk MumifY wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf &rf;cJMY uygonf/igwdrYk arG;rD
u b0rsm;pGmjzpfcv YJ NS y/D igwdaYk oNy;D aemufvnf; rBuKd ;pm;vSsif quf
í b0oHo&m wpfcsv D nS o
hf mG ;OD;rnf/b0csKyNf ird ;f ½kyo
f rd ;f &m edAmÁ ef
a&mufatmifBuKd ;pm;rS\ þodYk jzpfjcif;t,l(oów)ESiYf rjzpfjcif;
t,l(Oapä')twGi;f oufqif;epf0ifNy;D tavYrsm;? tusirYf sm;
(oDvAÁwy&mrmo)? oHa,mZOf jymavmifcwfatmif raerem;
yGm;rsm;cJYMuygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\ þodkY rdkufcJY?uef;cJY?rSef;cJY?&rf;cJYcsufrsm;

onf wynfhawmfwdkYtm; qif;&J'ku©rsm;udk wdk;yGm;apygonf/xdkrSs

ru jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; tykyfcstjypfwif&mvnf; a&mufygonf/
þtrIonf wynfhawmfwdkYtm; txl;yifyef;apygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf wynfhawmfwdkYtm; r[mu½kPm a½SU
xm;í BuD;rm;aomoem;n§mwmjcif;jzifY cGifYay;oem;ygrnfht
aMumif; ½dkaonGwfusdK; vufpkHxdyfxufrdk;um ½Sdcdk;uefawmYtyfyg
onfbk&m;UUUUUUU/
y#dpöorkyÜg'f "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; NyD;\/

93

"r®pMum "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; 94
"r®pMum "r®yZl mbk&m;½Scd ;kd
toSsijf rwfb&k m;\ cufceJ ufev J aS om y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fw&m;
awmfukd vlrod? vlrxif? vlrjrif&mqDa&mufonftxd ydkícufcJ
atmif wynfhawmfwdkYjyKrlcJYrdonfhtwGuf toSsifjrwfbk&m;tm;
½dkaonGwfusdK; ½Sdcdk;cGifY&cJYí 0rf;omvSygNyDbk&m;/
,ckwbef toSsifbk&m; w&m;OD;tjzpf a[mazmfnTefjy
qdq k ;Hk rcJaY om toSsib f &k m;\ oabmw&m;a&;aMunmcsuEf iS w Yf l
aom "r®pMumü wynfhawmfwdkYtrSm;rsm;udk toSsifbk&m;xH ½dkao
nGwfusdK; vufpkHrdk;í ½Sdcdk;uefawmYyg&apbk&m;/
"r®pMumüvnf; wynfhawmfwdkY\tjrifonf cRwfacsmfcJY
Muyg\/wynfhawmfwdkYonf umrokcv’dumEka,m*tusifYrsm;rS
a½Smif½mS ;&ef BuKd ;pm;cJMY uygonf/tenf;qk;H çtnHq h ;Hk pm;p&m?0wfp
&m?aep&mwdkYudk rSD0Jaeonftxd jzpfygonf/tenf;qkH;pm;p&mudk
pm;? tenf;qk;H 0wfp&mudk 0wf/þodjYk yKrEl ikd rf S umrokcv’u d mEk
a,m*tpGef;rSvGwfrnf/þodkYyif wynfhawmfwdkY xifcJYMuygonf/
aemufyw d q f ;Hk tm;jzifY pm;&ç0wf&a&;twGuf ukeo f , G çf ,m
vkyf tvkyv f yk jf cif;onfyif umrokcv’u d mEka,m*tpGe;f ESiYf r
vGw[ f k xifco YJ nftxd jzpfygonf/wynfah wmfwYkd todÓPfonf
þrSs rIefcJYçxdkif;cJYçav;uefcJYMuygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf pm;0wfaea&; use;f rma&;twGuf ukef

oG,jf cif;? ,mvkyjf cif;tp½So d nfukd umrokcv’u d mEka,m*tpGe;f

a&mufonf[k nTefjyawmfrlvdkjcif; r½Sdyg/jrwfpGmbk&m;onf avm
utm; tusKd ;rsm;&ef tpD;tyGm;jzpf&ef yGiaYf wmfrv l mjcif; jzpfyg
onf/vlYudpö?vlYwm0efrsm;udk umrokcv’dumEka,m*tpGef;vrf;
tjzpf qD;wm;ydwyf ifjcif; tvsO;f yif jyKawmfrrlcyYJ g/
wynfhawmfwdkYonfom ÓPftvif;r&aomaMumifY þrSs
xifvif;onfudk trSm;rSm;t,Gif;,Gif; jyKrdMujcif; jzpfygonf/
tenf;qk;H çtnHq h ;Hk pm;p&m?0wfp&m?aep&monf vlt Y wGuf b,f
rSmtusKd ;jzpfapygrnfenf;¿xdaYk MumifY jrwfpmG bk&m;onf pm;p&m?
0wfp&mESifYaep&maumif;aumif;rsm; rSD0Jjcif;udk umrokcv’dum
Eka,m*tusifY[k a[mMum;awmfrrlcJYyg/
pm;p&m?0wfp&mESiaYf ep&m tm½kiH g;yg; umr*kPw f &m;wdüYk
wPSmjzifY wNiNd iu d yf?wpGv J ef;vef; vdr;f usjH cif;udo
k m umrokc
v’dumEka,m*tusifY[k a[mawmfrlcJYjcif; jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf twåudvrxmEka,m*tusifYüvnf;
toSsib f &k m;a[mMum;csuEf iS rYf nD wvDazmufjym;í t,ltqrSm;
cJYMuygonf/wynfhawmfwdkYtxifü twåudvrxmEka,m*tusifY
[lonfrmS a&iky?f wk;H cke?f rD;vI?H Z,fcwf t&yf&yfaomtusirYf sm;[k
xifxm;cJYMuygonf/
xdkYjyifvnf; twåudvrxmEka,m*tusifY[lonf tpm;
enf;enf;pm;jcif;?t0wfenf;enf;0wfjcif;?nHn h 0hH wfjcif;? taenHnh hH
aejcif;paomtusifYrsm;vnf;yg0ifonf[k xifxm;cJYMuygonf/

pifppf wynfah wmfw\ Ykd rSwxf ifcsurf sm;onf rjynfph aHk om

rSwx f ifcsurf sm;om jzpfygonf/jrwfpmG bk&m;onf tm½kiH g;yg; um
r*kPw f &m;wdüYk wPSmayrjzifY ESpv f sS uçf jrK§ wv
f sS uf pky, f vl rd ;f usH
aejcif;udk tpGe;f wpfyg;tjzpf a[mMum;cJo Y vd?k tm½kiH g;yg; umr
*kPw f &m;wdEYk iS aYf 0;atmif odrYk [kwf tm½kiH g;yg;umr*kPw f &m;udk
rawG;rdatmif usijYf cif;rsm;udk twåuv d rxmEka,m*tusit Yf jzpf
a[mMum;cJYjcif;jzpfygonf/
tm½kiH g;yg;umr*kPw f &m;udk rawG;rd&efrmS ½kyu f kd ½Iae&yg
rnf/tm½kHig;yg;umr*kPfw&m;rsm;ESifYa0;&efrSm emrfudk ½Iae&yg
rnf/½kyf½Iolonf tawG;udkpufqkwf½GH½Sm ESvkH;emygonf/emrf½Iol
onf ]]oEÅarwH yPDwarwH}}qdNk y;D emrfuav;ESio Yf maeí ½kyu f kd
pufqw k ½f ½HG mS ESv;Hk emygonf/umr*kPo f nf ½kyw f &m;rsm;om jzpf
aomaMumifY emrf½Iolonf umr*kPfESifYa0;ygonf/
xdaYk MumifY olaysmufçigaysmuf yk*Kd¾ vçf owå0g tukeaf ysmuf
atmif ½kyçf emrf½jI cif;udk twåuv d rxmEka,m*tusi[ Yf k jrwfpmG
bk&m; a[mMum;cJYjcif; jzpfygonf/wynfhawmfwdkYonf twåudv
rxmEka,m*tusifYrS aMumufMuaomfvnf; twåudvrxmEk
a,m*tusifUudkyif usifYrdaecJYMuygonf/
vlNY ird ;f csr;f a&;w&m;ü tqD;twm;tydwt f yifr½Sd odjrif
aomÓPf½Sdawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;UUUUUU
wynfhawmfwdkYonf toSsifjrwfbk&m;tm; ½dkaopGm nGwf
usdK;vSsuf ½Sdcdk;avSsmufxm;&ygrnf/toSsifbk&m; tav;eufqkH;

a[mMum;>rufazmf rdeaYf wmfrt l yfaom rZÑrd y#dy'gac: r*¾t&d,

opömw&m;awmfüvnf;aumif;/xdkw&m;jzifY ydkif;jcm;todcH&rnfh
'ku©t&d,opömw&m;üvnf;aumif;/xdkr*¾t&d,opömw&m;jzifY
y,ftyfaom 'ku©ork',t&d,opömw&m;üvnf;aumif;/xdkr*¾
t&d,opömw&m;jzifY qdu k af &muftyfaom 'kue© ad &m"t&d,opöm
w&m;üvnf;aumif;/ todÓPfenf;yg; tjrifrmS ;cJMY uonfukd t
us,fw0Hh ½dkaopGmnGwfusdK;vSsuf ½Sdcdk;uefawmYcJY&ygNyD/
"r®pMuma'oemü wynfah wmfrsm; ½Scd ;kd uefawmY&rnfrmS
opömav;yg; taygif;tm;jzifY rSm;cJMY uonfrsm; jzpfygonf/ wynfh
awmfwo Ykd nf þb0a&mufaeaom 'kuo © pöm\taMumif;jzpfaom
ork',opömonf wynfah wmfwrYkd arG;rDujzpfcaYJ omt&m jzpf
onf? wynfhawmfwdkYaoNyD;aemuf 'ku©rsm;odkYr[kwf eda&m"opöm
rsm; jzpfrnf/þodyYk if ½Sub f ,G t f rSm;rsm;udk tm;remwrf; rSm;cJY
Muygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\tjrifü t&d,opömav;yg;onf wNydKif
eufrjzpfay:bJ ok;H b0Bu;D rsm;-jym;í jzpfymG ;aecJyY gonf jrwfpmG bk
&m;onf t&d,opömav;yg;udk puf,EÅ&m;yrmxm;í bD;oGm;wpf
ckEiS w Yf pfcNk iNd y;D olu
Y pd Eö iS oYf l wNyKd ief ufvnfywfaMumif; vSní hf jycJY
ygonf/
a½Tupkd pd pfEikd af omynm½So d nf a½Twuk kd a½Tw[
k ok Nd y;D ? a½Twk
ü wyfrufjcif;udky,faomaMumifY a½TwkjzifYqif;&J&jcif;cyfodrf;rS
Nird ;f ayonf/þü a½Tupkd pd pfEikd af omynmonf a½Twu k okd jd cif;? a½T

wkürufarmrIukd y,fjcif;? a½Twak b;cyford ;f rS Nird ;f jcif;-þudpaö v;

csufonf wNydKifeufjzpfyGm;ygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf þodyYk if t&d,opömav;yg;udk puf,EÅ
&m;tvm; wNydKifeufvSnfhywfí jycJYygonf/wynhfawmfwdkYonf
jrwfpmG bk&m;vnfywfíjycJaY om opöm,EÅ&m;Bu;D udk wpfcw k pfjcm;
pD ysufjym;atmifjyKouJYodkY BuD;rm;omtrSm;udk jyKcJYMuygonf/
þtjypfrS cGiv Yf w
T yf grnft
h aMumif; ½dak opGmnGwu f sKd ;í ½Scd ;kd uef
awmY&ygonf teEÅaus;Zl;awmfocif Ak't ¨ oSsijf rwfBu;D bk&m;UUUUUU/
"r®pMum "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; NyD;\/

99

tewåvu©Pm "r®ylZmbk&m½Sdcdk; 100
tewåvu©Pm "r®ylZmbk&m½Sdcdk;
toSsijf rwfb&k m;\ w&m;OD;w&m;rGeüf wynfah wmfwYkd jypf
rSm;cJYonfudk ½dkaonGwfusdK;í ½Sdcdk;uefawmYcJY&ygNyD/,ckwbef t
oSsijf rwfb&k m;\tqk;H trü xif½mS ;vSaom 'kw, d a[majymcsuf
w&m;jzifY toSsib f &k m;tm; ½Scd ;kd uefawmY&ygrnf/
toSsifbk&m;\ tewåvu©Pmw&m;awmfonf urÇmwkef
[D;atmif ausmaZmjcif;Bu;D ausmaf ZmcYaJ om w&m;awmfyif jzpfyg
onf/,aeYwdkifvnf; toSsifbk&m;\0g'onf tb,fenf;¿ ar;
vSsif tewå0g'[k xifaeMuonftxd jzpfygonf/tewåESifY
toSsijf rwfA'k ?¨ toSsijf rwfA'k E¨ iS Yf tewå? ESpaf xGrjym; wom;wnf;
uJYodkY cGJjcm;ír&atmif ½Sdaeygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf þtewåüvnf; tzwfqnfr&
atmif rSm;jcif;BuD;rsm;udk rSm;cJYMuygonf/xdkYaMumifY wynhfawmf
wdkYonf ]]odkufpmbwf&m em;axmifyg? Opöm&Edk;Edk;}}[lbdouJYodkY
toSsifbk&m;\ tewåvu©Pm odkufpmbwf&m em;axmifaom
aMumifY toSsifbk&m;odkufpmudk rzwfwwf jzpfcJYygonf/
toSsifjrwfbk&m;onf ½kyfonf tewåjzpfonf/a0'emç
onmçocFg&ç0dnmPfwdkYonfvnf; tewåjzpfonf/ ½kyfça0'emç
onmçocFg&ç0dnmPfwdkYonf tedpövnf; jzpfMuonf? 'ku©vnf;
jzpfMuonf/þodkY a[mcJYygonf/wynfhawmfwdkYonfvnf; þt

wdkif;yif em;vnfcJYMuygonf/xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; w&m;awmfwdkYü

w&m;awmfonf tapmfreH jzpfcyYJ gonf/&m*?a'gorsm;vnf; aeNrJ
yif jzpfMuygonf/
þodq Yk o kd jzifY jrwfpmG bk&m;udk wpd;k wpdrsS tjypfwifvjkd cif;
r[kwfaMumif; avSsmufxm;&ygrnf/wynfawmfwdkY\ xkHvGef;? EkH
vGef;aomtodonfom þtjzpf\w&m;cHjzpfaMumif; ½Sdcdk;uef
awmY&ygrnf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf ½kyfça0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPf wdkY
onf tedpöç'ku©çtewå[k jrwfpGmbk&m;rdefYawmfrlonfudk ½kyfudk
tedpö½Iygonf/'ku©çtewåvnf; ½Iygonf/a0'emçonmçocFg&ç
0dnmPfwu Ykd v kd nf; 4if;enf;½IMuygonf/½ky½f aI omtcg ½kyyf &rw¬
obm0opömrsm;udkawGY&ygonf/½kyf\ ½kyÜevu©PmESifY a0'em
onf a0'ed,paom vu©Pmrsm;ESifY ,if;wdkY\ wnfçysuftae
txm; t*Fgrsm;udk awG&Y ygonf/þodaYk wG&Y jcif;udk tedpv ö u©Pm
jrifjcif;[kvnf; wynfhawmfwdkY rSwfxifcJYMuygonf/
þodYk jzpfçwnfçysuo f abmrsm; rjywfw&pyf jzpfjcif;
aMumifY tESyd pf ufc&H ovdjk zpfjcif; 'kuv © u©Pmjrifjcif;/þodYk rjzpf
atmif tpd;k r&jcif;udk tewåvu©Pmjrifjcif;rsm;[k wynfah wmf
rsm; rSwfom;xifjrifcJYMuygonf/xdkYaMumifY wynfhawmfwdkYonf
w&m;&Ed;k Ed;k jzifY aeYnrjywf arSsmu f ;kd cJ&Y ygonf/arSsmo
f marSsmf ay:
vdkYjzifYrvm jzpfcJYygonf/ay:rnfhay:awmYvnf; w&m;r[kwfbJ
trSm;rsm;om ay:cJYygonf/

tb,fodkYenf;[lrlUUUUU
½kyfça0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPfwdkYudk qdkcJYNyD;onfhtwdkif;
tedpöç'ku©çtewåvu©Pmrsm; xifrSwfyGm;rsm;aomtcg vl[lí
r½S?d ½kyaf 0'emponfrsS om ½So d nf/ xdjYk yifvnf; ukov kd çf tukov kd f
[lí r½Sd/ ukodkvfvnf; w&m;? tukodkvfvnf; w&m;/tm;rxkwf
vnf; w&m;? tm;xkwv f nf; w&m;yif jzpfonf/aemufq;Hk tm;jzifY
w&m;&rnfo h l r½Sad omaMumifY w&m;&csijf cif;onf trSm;jzpfonf/
w&m;&csirf t I mv, ukeq f ;Hk jcif;onf tjrifq Y ;Hk w&m;&jcif;jzpf
onf/þodkYyif trSm;rsm; yGm;rsm;xifay:vmygonf/
þodt Yk m;jzifY tedpu ö b kd ,frsS ood d tedpjö zpfaMumif;ork'
,udk tjywfry,fEdkifyg/'ku©çtewåwdkYvnf; þenf;jzpfygonf/
xdaYk MumifY edpo ö ad omfvnf; edp"ö 0l csKy&f m eda&m"odYk rqdu k yf g/'kuç©
tewåwdkYvnf; þenf;twdkif;jzpfygonf/okcçtwåjzpfaom
eda&m"odkY rqdkufyg/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf rjrjJ cif;tedpu ö kd ½IaponfrmS rNrjJ cif;
tedpw ö &m;ü qdu k af &mufaeapvdí k r[kwyf g/qif;&J'u k u © kd ½Iap
onfrSmvnf; owå0grsm;udk qif;&'ku©rsm;ü qdkufa&mufaeapvdk
í r[kwyf g/tpd;k r&jcif;tewåukd ½IaponfrmS vnf; tpd;k r&jcif;
tewåü owå0grsm; qdkufa&mufaeapvdkí r[kwfyg/
owå0grsm;twGuf rNrjJ cif;?qif;&Jjcif;?ud, k pf ;kd r&jcif;rsm;jzifY
tusKd ;r½Syd g/ NrcJ ikd jf cif; edp"ö 0l ? csr;f omjcif; oEÅo d ck ? tpd;k &jcif;
edó&PçtwåjzpfrSom tusdK;rsm;ygrnf/xdkYaMumifY jrwfpGmbk&m;

onf owå0grsm;twGuf tedpöç'ku©çtewå qdkufa&mufraeapcsif

yg/edpöçokcçtwåom qdkufa&mufaeapcsifygonf/
xdkodkYjzpfvSsuf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf wynfhawmfrsm;tm;
tedpçö 'kuç© tewå t½ItyGm;cdik ;f onfrmS edpçö okcçtwåoYkd qdu k f
a&muf&ef tedpöç'ku©çtewåjzpfaMumif;ork',udk y,fEdkifa&;t
wGuf tedpçö 'kuç© tewåuP © mrsm;udk ydik ;f ydik ;f jcm;jcm;odavatmif
t½IymG ;cdik ;f jcif; jzpfygonf/tedpçö 'kuç© tewå t½IymG ;cdik ;f onfrmS
tedpöç'ku©çtewåü qdkufa&muf&efr[kwfyg/
xdo k jYkd zpfaomfvnf; wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf tedp½ö v I sS if tedpö
üyif qdkufa&mufaecJYMuygonf/'ku©çtewårsm;½IMuvSsifvnf; xdk
enf;rjcm;yif jzpfygonf/ tedpçö 'kuç© tewå qdu k &f jcif;rsm;onf
roufomvSyg/w&m;&onfqí kd om oufoma,mif Muw d rf w
dS af e
&ygonf/
þodkYtm;jzifY tedpöç'ku©çtewårsm;onf r½Ivnf;qdkuf?
½Ivnf;qdu k af ejcif; twljzpfí ½Ijcif;onftrSm;/ ½Ijcif;taMumif;
onf w&m;&csijf cif;jzpfí? w&m;&csijf cif;ukejf cif;onf w&m;&
jcif;jzpfonf/þodyYk if w&m;rsuaf pYMu;D tBu;D tus,f tvnfccH YJ
Mu&ygonf/
þodkYjzpf&onfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;cJYonfhtwdkif;
½Irw
S q f ifjcif oabm0ifíyifjzpfaomfvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m;ü wpd;k
wpdrSs tjypfr½Sdyg/ wynfhawmfwdkYonf ynmrsufapY uef;aom
aMumifY tjypf½Sdygonf/jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd emrnfzsufouJYodkYjzpfí

ydí
k yif wynfah wmfrsm;ü tjypfrsm;½Syd gonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonfjrwfpGmbk&m;\ tewåvu©Pma[m
Mum;csuu f dk emMum;&mü ½kyçf a0'emponfrsm; tedppö onfjzpf
onf/þodo Yk m rSwof m;cJMY uygonf/pum;wpfcak jym&mü pum;\
twdrt f eufoufonf ed'gef;üwnfygonf/]]rke;f tjypf?cspt f usKd ;}}
qdak om pum;ykt H wdik ;f jzpfygonf/ pum;wpfcwk nf;yif jzpfyg
onf? cspjf cif;-rrke;f jcif;[laom taMumif;ed'gef;jcm;vSsif tusKd ;ç
tjypfajymif;jyef pum;eufrsm; xGuEf ikd yf gonf/
xdkodkYjzpfvSsuf wynfhawmfwdkYonf tewåvu©Pokwf
a[mMum;csuf\ ed'gef;rsm;udk arYcsefxm;rdcJYMuygonf/tu,fü
tewåvu©Pokwf a[mMum;csurf sm;onf yOö0*frsm; "r®pMumem
&í opömodol aomwmyefrsm;jzpfNy;D aemufrS qufvufa[mMum;
aomw&m;awmf jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifY tewåvu©Pma[mMum;csufudk em;vnfvdkol
rsm;onf yOö0*fuJYodkY opömw&m;udkodxifNyD;ol aomwmyefrsm;
jzpfyGm;&ygvdrfYrnf/ *DwwwfuRrf;NyD;oltm;ajymaom aw;oGm;
onf *Dwü em;uef;wpfv;Hk rSsrodol Mum;aomfvnf; tcsn;f ES;D om
jzpfayrnf/þtwljzpfygonf/aomwmyefrjzpfí opömrjrifvsS if
tewåvu©Pma[mMum;csuf em;r0ifEdkifyg/
xdkYaMumifY tewåvu©Pma[mMum;csufudk em;vnfvdkol
onf opömudjk rifol aomwmyefjzpf&ygrnf/aomwmyefrjzpfaomf
rS opömav;yg; "r®pufw&m;ü em;yg;vnfol jzpf&ygrnf/

[kwfygonfbk&m;/toSsifjrwfbk&m;onf "r®pufw&m;ü
'kuo © pömonf y&dZmeeudp½ö adS Mumif; jyufjyufuiG ;f uGi;f ½Si;f vif;
rdeMYf um;cJyY gonf/<uif;aom ork',çeda&m"çr*¾opömrsm;ü y&dZm
ee ydik ;f jcm;od&efrsm; rnTejf y rrdeMYf um;cJyY g/
xdkYaMumifY 'ku©opömxdkufaom ½kyfça0'emçonmçocFg&ç
0dnmPfudkom tedpöç'ku©çtewå½IyGm;&ef nTefjyrdefYMum;cJYjcif;jzpf
aMumif; odomygonf/
tjcm;aom ork',çeda&m"çr*¾opömrsm;qdu k af eaom ½kyçf
a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPfrS wpfcck u k jkd zpfap? 'kuo © pömrxdu k f
aom ½kyçf a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPfrsm;udjk zpfap tedpçö 'kuç©
tewåvu©Pmrsm; ½IymG ;qifjcif&ef taMumif;r½S[ d k tvdt k
avsmuf qdkvdkNyD;aMumif; odomygonf/
wbefvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m;onf 'kuo © pömt&ü ½kyçf a0'emç
onmçocFg&ç0dnmPfw&m;rs;udk wdkuf½dkufaumuf,lí a[mcJY
onfr[kwfyg/'ku©o½kyfudk ½SpfrsdK;azmfxkwfcJYygonf/xdk½SpfrsdK;udk
tusO;f jzpfatmifcsKyv f sS if Oyg'geu©Em¨ ig;yg;[k jycJjY cif; jzpfygonf/
Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;onf ½kyfça0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPf
rsm;yif jzpfcyYJ gvdrrYf nf/xdo k jYkd zpfaomfvnf; ½kyçf a0'emçonmçocFg
&ç0dnmPfwdkif;onf Oyg'geu©E¨m r[kwfMuyg/
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf Oyg'geu©Em¨ ESit Yf Ekyg'geu©Em¨ udv
k nf;
uGjJ ym;atmif rcGjJ cm;Edik f jzpfc&YJ ygonf/b,f½yk çf a0'emponfonf
Oyg'geu©Em¨ jzpfí b,f½yk çf a0'emponfonf tEkyg'geu©Em¨ jzpf

onf-þodYk rodjcif;rsm;ESiv Yf nf; &ifqikd Mf u&onf[k qdv k ykd gonf/

tMurf;tm;jzifY ½kyfrSeforSs Oyg'geu©E¨mcsnf; jzpfonf/
a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPfrsm;um; avmuDjzpfvsS if Oyg'geu©Em¨
jzpfonf/þodkY rSwf,lcJYMuygonf/tb,faMumifY þodkYrSwfrdae
onfudkvnf; a&a&&m&m rajymjywwfatmif ½Sdygonf/avmuD
jzpfaomw&m;rsm;onf Oyg'geu©Em¨ jzpfonf[k pmrSm awGb Y ;l aom
aMumifYyif þodkYrSwfrdaejcif; jzpfwef&mygonf/tb,fodkY avm
uDjzpfoenf;¿ þodu Yk m; rpdppfcb YJ ;l yg/
]]vkZÆwd yvkZÆwDwd avmaum? tótwåDwd avmuD}}
tjzpfçtysufrsm;½SdaomaMumifY avmuD/ þtjzpftysufonf t
b,fenf;¿ pdwçf apwoduw f \
Ykd Oyg'fçXDçbif cPi,fo;Hk csu?f pdwå
u©Pwpfcsuf/ ½kyf\ a,bk,spdwåu©P wpfq,fYckepfcsufrsm;
onf tjzpfçtysufavm¿
odkYr[kwf y#doaEäejcif;?tdkjcif;?emjcif;?aojcif;[laom
b0tjzpfçtysufrsm;onf tjzpfçtysufavm¿
tu,fü þtjzpfçtysurf sm;½Sad omaMumifY avmuDac:qdk
jcif; rjzpfEdkifyg/tb,fYaMumifYqdkaomf avmukwå&mjzpfaom
pdwçf apwodurf sm;onf Oyg'fçXDçbif tjzpfçtysu½f v dS sS uf avmuD
rac:aomaMumifY jzpfygonf/xdkYtjyif &[EÅm\ tdkçemçaorsm;
vnf; tjzpfçtysu½f v dS sS uf avmuDrac:qdEk ikd af omaMumifY jzpfyg
onf/&[EÅm\ tdkçemaoonf &[EÅmtwGuf 'ku©r[kwfyg/avm
uDonf 'ku©jzpfygonf/

avmuDjzpfaom ½kyçf a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPfEiS Yf avm

uDr[kwaf om ½kyçf a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPfujJG ym;&ef enf;wpf
enf;½Syd gonf/ þenf;rSm Oyg'gefyg0ifjcif;ESiYf ryg0ifjcif; jzpfyg
onf/Zmwd?Z&m?r&P?tyÜ, d orÜa,m*?yd,0dyaÜ ,m*?,Hypd t Hä vm
b-þw&m;rsm;t&onf ½kyçf a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPf jzpf
onf/
½kyçf a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPfrsm;onf Oyg'gefyg0ifjcif;
½SdvSsif (0g)Oyg'gefaMumifYjzpfvSsif avmuD/
Oyg'gefyg0ifjcif; r½Sv d sS if þ ½kyçf a0'emçonmçocFg&ç
0dnmPfonf avmuDr[kwf/
Zmwd?Z&m?ponfwikd ;f onf Oyg'gefaMumifcY snyhf if (0g)
Oyg'gef yg0ifonfcsnyhf if r[kwyf gavm¿ ar;bG,½f ydS gonf/y#dpö
orkygÜ 'fü Zmwdponf\t&onf 0dnmPf?emrfç½kypf onfrsm; jzpf
ygonf/
0dnmPf?emrfç½kypf onfrsm;onf t0dZmÆ aMumifo Y m jzpfygo
avm¿ t0dZmÆ csKyNf y;D vSsif rjzpfawmYNyaD vm¿ t0dZmÆ uif;Ny;D jzpfaom
&[EÅmwdüYk vnf; 0dnmPf?emrfç½kypf onfrsm; jzpfMuonfyif/&[EÅm
vnf; tcsKd pm;vsif csKd onfyif jzpfygonf/
xdaYk MumifY Zmwdponfwikd ;f onf Oyg'gefyg0ifonfcsn;f (0g)
Oyg'gefMumifYjzpfonfcsnf; þodkYr,ltyfyg/Zmwdponfonf Oyg
'gefaMumifYZmwdponf ½Sdovdk? Oyg'gefaMumifYjzpfonfr[kwfaom
Zmwdponfonfvnf; ½Sdonf/þodkYrSwf,loifYygonf/

'ku©opömxdkufaom Zmwd?Z&m?r&P?tyÜd,orÜa,m*?
yd,0dyaÜ ,m*?,Hypd t Hä vmbrsm;\ t&jzpfaom ½kyçf a0'emçonmç
ocFg&ç0dnmPfonf avmuDjzpfaom ½kyfça0'emçonmçocFg&ç
0dnmPfom jzpfygonf/ avmuDr[kwfaom ½kyfça0'emçonmç
ocFg&ç0dnmPfrsm;\ Zmwd?Z&m?r&P?tyÜd,orÜa,m*? yd,0dyÜ
a,m*?,HydpäHtvmbrsm;onf 'ku©opömr[kwfyg/
toSsifjrwfbk&m;onf owå0gwdkYtwGuf [kwfrSefaom
pum;udrk S qdak wmfrw l wfygayonf/(emcsib f ,
G jf zpfaom pum;udk
rS qdkwwfygayonf)/
þodkYqdkwwfaom toSsifbk&m;\ ]]½lyH bdu©a0 tewåm}}
qdkaompum;udkyif wynfhawmfwdkYonf [kwfrSefatmif?tusdK;½dS
atmif em;raxmifwwf jzpfcJYygonf/ wynfhawmfwdkYonf a½SU
aemufaxmufq qifjcif&rnfukd rodEikd af tmif xkcH ?YJ xdik ;f cJ?Y rIid ;f a0
cJYolrsm; jzpfMuygonf/
tewåopöm?tedpo ö pöm?'kuo © pöm þopömrsm;t&onf ½kyf
wdkif;r[kwf/a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPfwdkif; r[kwf/Oyg'gef½Sd
aom (0g)Oyg'gefaMumifjY zpfaom ½kyçf a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPf
wdoYk m [kwo f nf[k twdik ;f tqr½S?d rqifjcif?todr0if jzpfcMYJ uyg
onf/xdkYaMumifY wynfhawmfwdkYonf qifuef;awmwdk;tvm; t
usdK;enf;rIrsm;ESifY &ifqdkifcJYMu&jcif; jzpfygonf/wynfhawmfwdkY\
rdkufjypfonf wynhfawmfwdkYESifY xdkufygayonf/

tpGJ(Oyg'gef)r½Sdaom½kyfonf tewår[kwfyg/
xdt
Yk wl tpGOJ yg'gefr½Sad om a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPf
rsm;onfvnf; tewår[kwfyg/
Oyg'gefaMumifjY zpfjcif;r[kwaf om ½kyçf a0'emçonmçocFg&ç
0dnmPfrsm;onf 'kur© v S w
G af jrmufygonf/ud,k u
Yf ,
kd uf kd ud,
k yf ikd f
ygonf/twåjzpfygonf/olpdrf;jyifyya,m* uif;ygonf/trSDcdk
uif;ygonf/
0dnmPfonf tedpör[kwfyg/twå jzpfygonf/trw jzpfygonf/
edpö"l0jzpfygonf/
0dnmPfrsm;onf 'kur© [kwyf g/'kue© ad &m" jzpfygonf/oEÅ jzpfyg
onf/okc jzpfygonf/
xdaYk MumifY ½kyçf a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPfwikd ;f udk tedpçö
'ku©çtewå[k jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrrlcJYyg/'ku©opömxdkuf
aom ½kyçf a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPfrsm;udo k m tedpçö 'kuç© tewå
[k a[mcJjY cif; jzpfygonf/'ku©opömrxdkufaom Oyg'gefaMumifYjzpf
jcif;r[kwaf om ½kyçf a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPfrsm;udk tedpçö 'kuç©
tewå[k jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mawmfrjl cif; r½Syd g/(¿)
wynfhawmfwdkYonf þodkY opömudkrodonfhtavsmuf
aomwmyeft&d,mrsm; rjzpfMuonft h avsmuf ½ky[ f m tewåb?J
a0'emponfvnf; tewåbJ/tewåjzpfwmawG tedpöç'ku©vnf;

jzpfwmbJ[laom jrwfpGmbk&m;\pum;udkaxmufí ½kyfwdkif;?

a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPfwikd ;f udk tedpçö 'kuç© tewå[k ½IcrYJ Md u
ygonf/
xdjYk yifvnf; tedpuö kd rNrjJ cif;[k-jyefNy;D ? ½kyçf a0'emponfwYkd
\ Oyg'fçXDçbifoabmtjzpfrsm;[k teufaumufcMYJ uygonf/'ku©
udvk nf; qif;&Jjcif;[k-jyefNy;D Oyg'fçXDçbifrsm;jzifY rjywfEydS pf ufjcif;
[k teufaumufcMYJ uygonf/tewåuv kd nf; tpd;k r&jcif;[kjyefNy;D
½kyçf a0'emponfw\ Ykd Oyg'fçXDçbif tjrpfrjywf ESyd pf ufqif;&Jae
jcif;udk rqif;&Jatmiftpkd;r&jcif;[k teufaumufcJYMuygonf/
trSeüf ½kyçf a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPfw\ Ykd Oyg'fç XDç
bifoabmrsm;onf y&rw¬w&m;wdkY\ oabmvu©PmrSsjzpfí
y&rw¬opömrSsom jzpfygonf/ r*¾t&d,opömjzifY ydik ;f jcm;odtyf
aom 'kuw © &m;wd\ Yk oabmvu©Pmrsm;r[kwí f 'kut © &d,opöm
r[kwyf g/r*¾t&d,opömjzifY ydik ;f ykid ;f jcm;jcm; todc&H aom 'ku©
w&m;wdkY\ oabmvu©Pmjzpfaom tedpöç'ku©çtewåvu©Pm
rsm;rSm ½kyfça0'emponfwdkY\ y&rw¬obm0vu©Pmjzpfaom
Oyg'fçXDçbifrsm; r[kwfyg/
½kyfça0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPfw&m;wdkY\ vlrItjzpfü
tpGOJ yg'geft0ifc&H aomaMumifY rwnfazmufjym; a½GUvsm;usq;Hk
jcif;? ylqmavmifNy;D Muyfwnf;qif;&Jjcif;? ud, k pf ;kd rEdik f ud,
k yf ikd rf &
tESpfom&r½Sdjcif;jzpfaom tedpöç'ku©çtewå oabmvu©Pm/
þvu©Pmrsm;om 'ku©t&d,opöm\vu©Pmrsm; jzpfygonf/

td;k onf ajrjzifNY y;D aomfvnf; td;k ysujf cif;onf ajrysujf cif;
ESifY oD;jcm;jzpfouJYodkY oabma&mufygonf/ajr\tysufonf
cPrvyfjzpfaeaomfvnf; tdk;rysufvSsif tdk;ysuf[krqdk&yg/
y&rw¬opömtysuo f nf td;k tjzpfa&mufaeaom ajr\t
ysufrSsom jzpfygonf/t&d,opömtysufonf ajrjzifYjyKvkyfaom
td;k \ ausuyJG supf ;D jcif;rsKd ; jzpfygonf/(td;k [laom trI\ysujf cif;
oabmom jzpfygonf)/
þodyYk if y&rw¬opömw&m;wd\ Yk oabmvu©Pm Oyg'fçXDç
bif tjzpfçtysuEf iS Yf 'kut © &d,opömw&m;wd\ Yk oabmvu©Pm
tedpöç'ku©çtewå tjzpfçtysufrsm;ESifY jcm;em;Muygonf/
'ku©t&d,opömü tusOf;csKyft& aumufaomtcgÞ
]]Oyg'gefaMumifjY zpfaom ½kyçf a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPf
[laom y&rw¬w&m;rsm;}}yg0ifaomfvnf; xdky&rw¬w&m;wdkY\
y&rw¬obm0vu©Pmjzpfaom Oyg'fçXDçbif tjzpfçtysufrsm;
aMumifY t&d,opömtjzpf ta&twGu&f jcif; r[kwyf g y&rwft
wGuftm;jzifYr[kwf qdkvdkygonf/
xdyk &rwfw\ Ykd vlrt I jzpfoabmvu©Pmonf tedpçö 'kuç©
tewårsm; jzpfaeaomaMumifY 'kut © &d,opömtjzpf ta&twGuf
&jcif; jzpfygonf/t&d,mwGut f m;jzifw Y u
G í
f y&rwfrsm; 'kut ©
&d,opömxdu k af ejcif;jzpfonf[k qdv k ykd gonf/td;k ysuo f nfqo kd nf
rSm ajrwGut f m;jzifY wGujf cif;r[kw/f td;k wGut f m;jzifY wGujf cif;om
jzpfouJYodkY jzpfygonf/

wynfhawmfwdkYonf ynmr½SdygbJvSsuf ynm½SdvkyfcJYMu
onftxd rdkufMuol?uef;Muolrsm; jzpfcJYMuygonf/toSsifjrwfbk
&m;\ tewåu©Pmw&m;udk y&rwfwGufjzifY 'dk;'dk;a'gufa'guf t
vGefvSsifjrefpGm wGufjycJYMuygonf/aemufqkH;ü xGufíom pkonf?
avmbça'goçpaomudavomrsm;u wynfhawmfwdkYpdwfESvkH;udk
odr;f usK;H vTr;f rd;k aeMurS eurÜwed nf;enf;rSs rwkerf vIyf jzpfcyYJ g
onf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf rodonfudk rod[kodvSsif awmfygvdrfY
rnf/rodonfudk odNyD[kxifrdrSm;onfhtwGuf rsm;pGm udk,fusdK;
enf;cJYMuygonf/þtjzpfrsm;onf wynfhawmfwdkYjyKaom wynfh
awmfwEYkd iS o
Yf mqdik af om tjypfrsm;jzpfygonf/toSsib f &k m;ESiYf vm;
vm;rSsrqdkifaomtjypfrsm; jzpfygonf/wynfhawmfwdkY jyKrSm;aom
tjypfrsm;onf toSSsifbk&m;tm;yif xdcdkufygonf/
toSsib f &k m;\ tewåw&m;onf ud, k pf ;kd rEdik ?f ud,
k yf idk rf &
jzpfvSsif tb,fodkYaqmiftHhenf;¿
vl[o l nf ud, k pf ;kd uk,
d Ef ikd f ud,
k yf idk u
f , kd &f jyKMuolrsm; jzpf
ygonf/Ak'¨0g'onf t½IH;ay;0g'omjzpfonf? pdwfysufçvufysuf
0g'BuD;omjzpfonf-þodkY toSsifbk&m;udk uJY&JUaponftxd jzpf
&onfrSm wynfhawmfwdkY\trSm;aMumifY jzpfygonf/
toSsib f &k m;onf wynfah wmfwu Ykd kd tedpçö 'kuç© tewå ½IymG ;
aponfrSm tedpöç'ku©çtewårsm;ü qdkufa&mufaeapvdkí r[kwf

yg/ aq;ynm½Sifwpfa,mufonf vlemtm; b,fa&m*gç b,f

a0'em[k a&m*gudkMunfh½IouJYodkYom jzpfygonf/ aq;ynm½Sif
onf a&m*gudMk unfo h nfrmS a&m*güqdu
k af &mufaeapvdí k r[kwf
yg/a&m*grSy,fxkwfvdkí jzpfygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onfvnf; þtwljzpfygonf/wynfah wmfwYkd
tm; tedpöa&mufaeonfrS u,fxkwfvdkí jzpfygonf/þodkYjzpf
vSsuf toSsifjrwfbk&m;udk vlodrSm;atmif wynfhawmfrsm; jyKrdcJY
onfhtwGuf toSsifjrwfbk&m;tm; ½dkaopGm nTwfvuftpkH xdyf
xufrdk;vSsuf txyfxyf½Sdcdk;uefawmYtyfygonf toSsifbk&m;/
wynfhawmfwdkY\ tewåu©PmjzifY uefawmYnGwfusdK; ½Sdcdk;jcif;udk
vufcaH wmfryl g teEÅaus;Zl;awmfocif Ak't¨ oSsijf rwfBu;D bk&m;UUUU
tewåvu©Pm "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; NyD;\/

114

r[mowdy|me "r®yZl mbk&m;½Scd ;kd 115
r[mowdy|me "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk;
Ak'¨toSsifjrwfbk&m;UUUUU
toSsifjrwfbk&m;\ tewåvu©Pmw&m;awmfü wynfh
awmfwdkY rSm;,Gif;cRwfacsmfcJYonfrsm;jzifY toSSsifjrwfbk&m;tm; ½dk
aonGwu f sKd ;í ½Scd ;kd awmif;yefc&YJ í wynfah wmfrsm; csr;f omcJ&Y yg
NyD/,ckwbef qufvufí toSsifbk&m;\ r[mowdy|mefa[m
Mum;csufrsm;ü wynfhawmfwdkYtrSm;udkazmfí trSefudkay:ap&ef
toSsifbk&m;xH ½dkaonGwfusdK;í ½Sdcdk;awmif;yefvdkygonfbk&m;/
owdw&m;onf toSsifbk&m;\ tqkH;trü ta&;BuD;qkH;
w&m; jzpfygonf/]]tyÜrma'e orÜma'x}}qdkaompum;onf
toSsifbk&m;EIwfawmfrS aeYpOfrjywf wwGwfwGwf½GwfqdkcJYaom
pum;jzpfaMumif; wynfhawmfrsm; rSwfom;od½SdcJY&ygonf/
þowdw&m;üvnf; wynfhawmfrsm; trSm;BuD;rSm;cJYMuyg
onf/jrwfpGmbk&m;onf owdxm;vSsif ckepf&ufrSstwGif; txuf
zdv
k rf sm;0ifrnf[k tmrcHcyYJ gonf/ckepfv?ckepfEpS u f kd tzsO;f xm;í
rdefYMum;cJYygonf/
wynfah wmfwt Ykd wGuf owdxm;rIonf ESp?f v?&ufrsm; rsm;
aomfvnf; aomu?y&da'0?'ku©?a'greórsm; tu,favsmYyg;us
qk;H onf[k r½So d vdjk zpfcyYJ gonf/þodjYk zpf&onfrmS wynfah wmfrsm;
\tjypfom jzpfygonf/toSsifbk&m;onf w&m;awmfudk aumif;
jcif;okH;jzmESifYjynfpkHpGm a[mcJYrnftrSef jzpfygonf/

wynfhawmfwdkYonf toSsifbk&m;a[mMum;cJYaom owd

y|mefa'oemukyd iftm;xkwMf uygonf/toSsib f &k m;onf um,m
Ekyóem?tmemygeyAÁü owdEiS ½Yf LS &rnf? owdEiS x Yf wk &f rnf qdk
aomaMumifY owdEiS yYf if ½SLcJçY xkwcf MYJ uygonf/½Sn½f n S ½f LS vSsiçf xkwf
vSsiv f nf; ½Sn½f n S ½f LS aMumif;çxkwaf Mumif;od&rnf tp½So d nfjzifY
qdkaomaMumifY odatmifvnf; usifYcJYMuygonf/
£&d,myxyAÁrsm;ü oGm;vSsi-f oGm;w,fo&d rnf tp½Sd
onfjzifq Y akd omaMumifY oGm;vSsi-f oGm;w,f[o k ad tmif owdxm;cJY
&ygonf/
a0'emEkyóemüvnf; okca0'emjzpfvsS if okca0'emcH
pm;&onf[o k &d rnftp½So d nfjzifY qdak omaMumifY okca0'emjzpf
vSsif okca0'emjzpfonf[kodatmif owdxm;cJYMuygonf/
þodkYowdxm;jcif;aMumifY pdwfrysHUvGifYjcif;tusdK;rsm;om
jzpfymG ;ygonf/þpdwrf ysUH vGijYf cif;onf tpü aumif;usKd ;rsm; xif
ygonf/Mumaomtcg todi,folb0 oufa&mufapygonf/
[kwyf gonf/tm½kw H pfcwk nf;üaeolonf tjcm;aomtm
½kHrsm;ü taumif;ESifYtqdk;? taMumif;ESifYtusdK;udk uGJjym;atmif
rodwwfjzpfvmygonf/ wkwfwpfacsmif;wnf;omodaeolü olY
wkwftwdkt½SnfudkodraeonfrSm "r®wmjzpfygonf/
pdwfudk tjcm;tm½kHrsm;odkY roGm;atmifxm;jcif;udk vkyfae
onfESifYwlvmygonf/pdwfonf ul;wwfaomypönf; jzpfygonf/
olt Y vkyo f nfyif ul;oef;jcif;jzpfygonf/pdwu f kd rul;atmifavY

usifYay;aomtcg pdwfonf rul;wwfovdk tjzpfrsm;vm&yg

onf/þtjzpfrsm;onf wynfah wmfrsm;twGuf tu,faumif;&ef
tvm;tvm rJYygonf/pdwfudk ul;oef;csifovdk ul;jcif;onf
]]vnfvGef;aombD; acs;oifY}}[lbdodkY raumif;ovdk? pdwfudk vkH;0
rul;oef;wwfawmYatmif avYusifYjcif;onfvnf; aumif;&eft
aMumif; r½Syd g/
xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; wynfhawmfwdkYonf pdwfudk rul;wwf
atmifyif avYusiaYf erdMuygonf/owdy|mefw&m;awmfonf pdwf
udk rul;wwfatmifavYusifY&aomw&m;[kyif wynfhawmfwdkY
em;vnfaecJYMuygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYjrifaom owdy|mef\yef;wdkifonf pdwfudk
b,fqDrSrul;apbJ ½SLavudk ½SLavtwdkif;? xkwfavudk xkwfav
twdik ;f od½&dS ef[k jzpfaecJyY gonf/a0'emqdv k sS iv
f nf; okca0'em
udk okca0'emtwdik ;f ? 'kua© 0'emudk 'kua© 0'emtwdik ;f od½&dS ef[k
jzpfaecJyY gonf/pdwq f v kd sS iv
f nf; &m*pdwu f kd &m*pdwt f wdik ;f ? &m*
uif;aompdwfudk &m*uif;aompdwftwdkif;od½Sd&ef[k jzpfaecJYyg
onf/
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf owdy|mefw&m;awmfüvnf; jynhpf pHk mG
avYvm&ef <uif;usefcJYMuygonf/xdkYaMumifY wynfhawmfwdkY\owd
y|mefonf vlukd pdwaf &m*g?ud, k af &m*grsm;jzpfymG ;bd&Yk ef OD;wnfae
ouJo Y o Ykd m jzpfaecJyY gonf/wynfah wmfwYkd owdy|mefavYvmcsuf
onf tusO;f Oa'óudck sev f yS íf tus,0f w d m¬ &rSm aZmuyfaecJY

Muygonf/wynfhawmfwdkY\ þtrSm;onf tm;vkH;arSmuf&ef

vkHavmufonftxd jynfhpkHaecJYygonf/
pum;wpfcak jym&mü tusO;f csKyaf jympOfu yg0ifNy;D onfukd
tus,fü yg0ifaumif;rSyg0ifayrnf/tus,füyg0ifaom pum;
rsm;vnf; tusO;f ü yg0ifaumif;rS yg0ifayrnf/xdaYk MumifY wpfcck k
csev f yS í f avYvmjcif;onf qdv k o
kd \
l tmabmfEiS u
Yf u
kd n
f &D ef cJ,Of;
vSayonf/
r[mowdy|mefüvnf; wynfhawmfwdkYonf þenf;rjcm;
tvm;wljzpfcMYJ uygonf/r[mowdy|mefü jrwfpmG bk&m;onf a½S;
OD;pGm Oa'óudk taMumif;t&mokH;ckwdkYjzifY a[mcJYygonf/owd
y|meftrTe;f ?owdy|mefo½ky?f owdy|mef½yI mG ;ykrH sm;enf; jzpfygonf/
a&m*god½kHrSsjzifY xdka&m*gtwGuf?aq;trnfudkod½kHrSsjzifY
aq;udka&m*gtwGuf b,fykHb,fenf; tokH;cs&rnfudkrodvSsif
tusKd ;xifEikd rf nf r[kwyf g/aomuf&rnfavm¿ vdr;f &rnfavm¿
½SL&rnfavm¿ rvGJraoG od&ayrnf/þtwljzpfygonf/ udav
oma&m*gtwGuf owdy|mefaq;awmfBuD;udk od½SdcJYMuygonf/
owdy|mef b,fykHb,fenf;yGm;rnf[k yGm;ykHyGm;enf;udkrodvSsif
a½S;uodcJYaomtusdK;rsm;onf xif½Sm;vdrfYrnf r[kwfyg/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf þtwdkif;jzpfcJYMuygonf/owdy|mef
udk odcMYJ uygonf/owdy|mefonf udavoma&m*grsm;udu k pk m;&ef
aq;0g;[kvnf; odcJYMuygonf/owdyGm;ykHyGm;enf;[laom aq;0g;
udrk 0DS &J rnfyh u
Hk u
kd m; wynfah wmfrsm; em;yg;rvnf jzpfcMYJ uygonf/

½SLavudk ½SLavtwdkif;? xGufavudk xGufavtwdkif; owd

jzpf&efvdkYyif odaecJYMuygonf/tb,fYaMumifY ½SLavçxGufavudk
owdxm;½oenf;¿[k apm'emMunfhvSsifvnf; ½SLavçxGufav
rsm; ½Sad eaomaMumifY ½So d nfukd ½Sod nft Y wdik ;f od&ef[yk if tajz
xGufygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf wynfah wmfwu Ykd kd owd½v
dS sS uf touf½LS
&rnf/owd½SdvSsuf xGufoufxkwf&rnf[k rdefYMum;awmfrlygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYvnf; owd½SdvSsuf 0ifoufudk½SLygonf? xGufouf
udk xkwfygonf/b,fvdk owd½Sd&rnfudk rodyg/bmudk owd½Sd&
rnf[kum; wynfhawmfwdkY rodyg/
wynfhawmfwdkY\ þtodonf wynfhawmfwdkYt&yfü okH;pGJ
Muaom ]]armifrSef usnf;uefoGm;ovdk}}[laompum;ykHESifY xyfwl
jzpfaeygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYt&yfonf usnf;uef½SifBuD;wdkY½Gmjzpfaom
usn;f uefEiS Yf wpfwikd rf sS umG a0;ygonf/wynfah wmfw½Ykd mG ü armifreS f
qdkaom vlnHhwpfa,mufvnf; ½SdaecJYygonf/olYrdcifonf eHeuf
zefü usn;f uef½mG odYk armifreS u f v
kd wT &f ef pdwu f ;l ½Sad ecJyY gonf/
þpdwful;udk nuyif armifrSefudk ajymxm;vdkufygonf/eHeufzef
usvSsif armifrSef usnf;uefoGm;&rnf[lí jzpfygonf/
eHeufvif;í rSmp&m½Sdonfrsm;udk rSmMum;NyD; usnf;uef½Gm
odYk armifreS u
f v kd w
T af omtcg armifreS o f nf olrY cd ifuykd if ajymif
avSmifaeonf[k qdkygonf/]]tckrS usnf;uefvTwfaeovm;¿

uRefawmfu usnf;uefujyefvmwm wpfa&;awmif&aeNyD/usnf;

uef½GmwHcg;rzGifYao;vdkY wHcg;wdkifudkyif acgufxm;cJYao;onf}}
[líjzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\ xGufoufç0ifouf½IrSwfrIonf armifrSef
usnf;uefoGm;jcif;rsdK;ESifYrjcm; tvm;twl jzpfaeygonf/armif
rSeof nf usn;f uef½mG odYk oGm;cJo
Y nfvnf; trSejf zpfygonf/tb,f
tusdK;rSsrNyD;?raqmif½Gufonfvnf; trSefyifjzpfygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf xGuo f ufç0ifoufuo kd wdxm;Mu[k rdeYf
cJYygonf/b,fykHb,fenf; owdxm;&rnf[k rdefYcJYonfudk wynfh
awmfwdkY rMum;Muyg/jrwfpGmbk&m;onf Oa'óydkif;üÞ
]]tmwmyDorÜZmaem owdrm 0dae,savmau tbdZÑm
a'greóH}}[lí xGuo f ufç0ifoufukd owdxm;yku H kd rdeMYf um;cJjY cif;
jzpfygonf/
xGufavç0ifavudk xGufavç0ifavtwdkif; owdxm;bdkY
xuf xGufavç0ifavudk tbdZÑmçAsmyg'½Sd-r½Sd owdxm;bdkY jzpfyg
onf/xGufavç0ifavonf pdwåZypönf;rsm; jzpfygonf/pdwfonf
tbdZÑmjzpfaevSsif tebdZÑmjzpfaomtcg½Sd xGuaf vç0ifavESiYf
rwl uGjJ ym;jcm;em;ygrnf/Asmyg'jzpfaevSsiv f nf; arwåmjzpfaom
tcg½Sd xGufavç0ifavESifYrwl jcm;em;ygrnf/
xdaYk MumifY xGuaf v0ifavudk ½IMunfq h ifjcifjcif;onf xGuf
avç0ifavudkod&efr[kwf/avmb xGufav0ifavavm¿ a'go
xGufavç0ifavavm¿ cGJjcm;od&ef jzpfygonf/ odvSsif avmbç

a'gorjzpf&ef qifjcifrnf/qifjcifvsS if rjzpfatmif tm;xkwrf nf/

tm;xkwv f sS if rjzpfbaJ ernf/þodYk y,fazsmufEikd &f ef xGuaf vç
0ifavudk owdxm;&jcif; jzpfygonf/
£&d,myxyAÁüvnf; oGm;vSsif oGm;onf[kod&ef owd
xm;bdkY a[mMum;cJYonf[k wynfhawmfrsm; rSwfxifygonf/ t
u,fü oGm;jcif;onf avmbjzifYoGm;jcif;? avmbrygbJ oGm;jcif;?
a'gojzifY oGm;jcif;? a'gorygbJ oGm;jcif;[lí ½SdEdkifygonf/avm
bça'gorsm;jzifY oGm;-roGm;od½&dS ef owdxm;cdik ;f jcif; jzpfygonf/
a0'empaom <uif;aomtEkyóemrsm;üvnf; þenf;t
wlyif jzpfygonf/okca0'emudk okca0'emtwdik ;f ? 'kua© 0'emudk
'kua© 0'emtwdik ;f ?&m*pdwu f v
kd nf; &m*pdwt f wdik ;f ?&m*uif;aom
pdwfudk &m*uif;aompdwftwdkif; od½Sd&efrSs r[kwfyg/tbdZÑmçAsm
yg'jzpfaeaom a0'emrsm;çpdwrf sm;avm¿ 4if;wdu Yk if;aeaom a0'
emrsm;çpdwfrsm;avm¿od½Sd&ef owdxm;&jcif; jzpfygonf/
NrdKhwHcg;udkapmifYaomolonf wHcg;BuD;udkapmifYaeonf
r[kwyf /wHcg;rS0ifvmaom r0ifoifo Y u
l akd pmifjY cif; jzpfygonf/
þodjYk zpfaomfvnf; NrKd w h cH g;apmifo
Y nf wHcg;rSmyif owdxm;ygvdrYf
rnf/0ifoifYolrsm; 0ifvmonfudkvnf; owdxm;ygvdrfYrnf/
owdy|mefonfvnf; tbdZÑmESiYf Asmyg'acsreI ;f a&;yif jzpf
ygonf/um,çpdwåç"r®ça0'em av;jzmrSm owdxm;ygvdrfYrnf/
tbdZÑmçAsmyg'r[kwo f nfrsm;udv k nf; owd½adS eygvdrrYf nf/þodYk
jzpfaomfvnf; t"durSm tbdZÑmçAsmyg'od½Sda&; jzpfygonf/

jrwfpGmbk&m;onf owdy|mefudk þodkYyif a[mcJYygonf/

wynhaf wmfwo Ykd nf jrwfpmG bk&m;\ þa[mMum;csuu f kd em;rvnf
Edkifatmif todÓPfxdkif;olrsm; jzpfcJYMuygonf/xdkYaMumifY xGuf
avç0ifavudk½Iaomfvnf; xGufavç0ifav\tjzpfçtysufudk
wynfah wmfrsm; r&dypf m;rdcMYJ ujcif; jzpfygonf/xrif;udk xrif;td;k rS
jzpfonf[k odumrSsjzifY avmbça'gojzifYjzpfaom xGufavç0if
av? r[kwfaom xGufavç0ifav[k þodkYrodvSsif xGufavç0if
av\ tjzpfçtysufudk trSefodonfrqdkEdkifyg/
þodkY trSefrodvSsif tbdZÑmçAsmyg'rsm; b,fawmYrSs
rcsKyNf ird ;f r½kyo f rd ;f aomaMumifY xGuaf vç0ifavrSsom<uif;awmYNy;D
bmudrk sS rpGv J ef; rrScD o kd t
l jzpf b,fawmYrsS a&mufEikd vf rd rYf nf r
[kwfyg/xGufavç0ifav\ wu,fhtjzpfçtysufudk trSefodvSsif
um; tbdZÑmESiAYf smyg'rsm;udk tjywf okwo f ifEikd rf nf jzpfygonf/
þodkYokwfoifEdkifvSsif tbdZÑmçAsmyg'rbuf oufouf xGufavç
0ifavom <uif;awmYNy;D bmudrk sS rrScD çkd rpGv J ef;oltjzpf rvGrJ aoG
qdkufa&muf&ayrnf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf þodkYyif&nf½G,frSef;um rdefYMum;cJYyg
onf/xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; wynfhawmfwdkYonf rdkufcJY?uef;cJY?&rf;cJY
Muygonf/
xdkYaMumifY wynfhawmfwdkY\ owdxm;jcif;?0D&d,xm;jcif;?
orm"dxm;jcif;[laom orm"duE© *¨ i¾ rf sm; yGm;rsm;jcif;onf or®m0g
pm?or®mur®EÅ?or®mtmZD0[laom oDvr*¾ifw&m;jzpfyGm;rIrsm;ü

tajcrcHbJ atmufajcvGwf orm"duE© r¨ *¾irf sm;udk rsm;rsm;rScD ckd YJ

Muygonf/
oDvudt k ajcrcHaomorm"dukd yGm;rsm;aomaMumifY t"dod
u©mpm&if;0iform"drsm; rjzpfymG ;bJ ½Scd MYJ uygonf/xdaYk Mumifv Y nf;
orm"drsm;jzifo
Y mqk&H aom ynmESiv Yf nf; a0;cJ&Y ygonf/xdaYk MumifY
or®mowdjzpfaom owd\tajccH&rnfhw&m;onf xGufavç0if
avr[kwf/xGufavç0ifav\ tjzpfçtysufjzpfaom or®mur®EÅç
or®mtmZD0rsm;ysuaf Mumif;jzpfaom tbdZÑmESiYf Asmyg'rsm; jzpfyg
onf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf owdy|mefüvnf; þodkYyif tvGJBuD;
vGJatmif uGJvGJrSm;,Gif;cJYMuygonf/wynfhawmfwdkY\trSm;onf
vnf; wynfhawmfwdkYudkomru toSsifbk&m;tm;vnf; BuD;rm;pGm
yif xdyg;epfemap&ma&mufygonf/þtrSm;twGuf toSsijf rwfbk
&m;tm; wynfah wmfrsm; ½dak onGwu f sKd ; vufprHk ;kd í ½Scd ;kd uefawmY&
ygrnf/wynfah wmfw\ Ykd þodYk ½dak onGwu f sKd ; ½Scd ;kd uefawmYjcif;udk
vufcaH wmfryl g teEÅaus;Zl;ocif Ak't ¨ oSsijf rwfBu;D bk&m;UUUUUUUUU/
r[mowdy|me "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; NyD;\/

124

tedrdwåbm0em "r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk; 125
tedrw
d b
å m0em "r®yZl m bk&m;½Scd ;kd
toSsifbk&m;\ r[mowdy|mefw&m;awmfrsm;ü wynfh
awmfrsm; cRwaf csmcf YJ rSm;,Gi;f cJcY surf sm;udk tjypftm;avsmpf mG wynfh
awmfrsm;od½Sdygrnf[k ½dkaopGmnGwfusdK;í ½Sdcdk;uefawmYcJYygonf/
,ckwbef toSsif&m[kvmtm; toSsifbk&m; rdefYMum;cJYaom
tedrw d b å m0emw&m;jzifY ½dak onGwu f sKd ; vufprHk ;kd í ½Scd ;kd uefawmY
cGiYf jyKygbk&m;/
wynhfawmfwdkYonf tedrdwåbm0emudkyGm;í rmeudky,f
vdkvSygonf/tb,fYaMumifYqdkaomf at;Nidrf;pGm usufpm;oGm;vm
Edik &f ef jzpfygonf/rmew&m;½Sad eorSs Nird ;f at;pGm usupf m;oGm;
vmEdkifjcif; r½Sdonfudk oabmaygufygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYudk,frS rme[kqdktyfaom ]]ig? igYudkb,fvdk
tpm; rSwo f vJ¿ igvkyx f m;wm?iguG?igYaMumifjY zpfwm}}tp½Sad om
ig[laomZmwfaumifukd a½Shwef;wifjcif;aMumifY ywf0ef;usifESifY
tqifrajyEdik jf zpfNy;D rNird ;f rat; ½Syd gonf/
Nird ;f at;pGm rusupf m;çroGm;vmEdik jf cif;\ vufonfw&m;
cHonf rmejzpfygonf/udk,fYudk,fudk txifBuD;jcif;? ,pfrl;jcif;?
a½Sw h ef;wifjcif;? wud, k af wmfqefjcif;? b0ifjrifjY cif;? armufrmjcif;?
<um;jcif;rsm; jzpfygonf/
rmew&m;onf trSefw&m;vnf; r[kwfyg/rsdK;rnfrSsyif

aumif;aom opfapYjzpfygap/ ajrça&çavçaersm;\ tultnDr&

vSsif tusKd ;w&m; jzpfymG ;ay:ygufvrd rYf nf r[kwyf g/xdt Yk wl rdrd
rnfrSsyifawmfwnfhrSefuefaeygap/rdrdwpfOD;wnf;jzifY rdrdb0udk
aqmifEikd &f eftaMumif rSyd g/xdo k Ykd rmewufvsS iu f m; avmutjyif
buf oGm;&atmifjyKouJo Y jYkd zpfí rmew&m;onf vlwpYkd u JG ikd &f efyif
jrwfaom trSew f &m;r[kw[ f k qdck jYJ cif; jzpfygonf/
xdaYk MumifY wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf Bu;D jrifv Y jkd cif;?xifay:vkjd cif;?
ausmaf Zmvdjk cif;tp½Sad om ud, k u Yf ,
kd u
f dk a½Sw
h ef;wifrrI mew&m;udk
qGJcsxm;cJYvdkygonf/ xdkYaMumifY tedrdwåbm0emudk yGm;rsm;Muyg
onf/
wynfhawmfwdkYyGm;aom tedrdwåbm0emrSm ig?olwyg;?
a,musfm;?rdef;redrdwfrsm;ukd igr[kwfatmif?olwyg;r[kwfatmif?
a,musmf ;r[kwaf tmif?rde;f rr[kwaf tmif ½IMunfq h ifjcif oabm
0ifjcif;rsm; jzpfygonf/ig?olwyg;?a,musmf ;?rde;f rt&mrsm;onf t
axGaxGujJG ym;aeaomfvnf; wu,ftm;jzifY ruGjJ ym; wom;wnf;
jzpfygonf/
qHyifçtarT;çajconf;-vufonf;çoGm;çta&[laomw&m;
rsm;\ trnfrsm;om jzpfMuonf/odrYk [kwf ½kyçf emrfEpS yf g;\ trnf
rsm;om jzpfMuonf/½kyef mrfEpS yf g;ü ig?olwyg;?a,musmf ;?rde;f r[lí
wpdk;wpdrSsr½Sd/xdkodkYjzpfvSsuf pdwf qufzefaomaMumifY þum;
a,musmf ;?þum; rde;f r uGjJ ym;Mujcif; jzpfygonf/a,musmf ;qdo k nf
tu,f½dSaomt&m r[kwf/edrdwfaumuf,lxm;aomt&mom

jzpfonf/rdef;rvnf; þtwl pdwfu edrdwfaumuf,lxm;aomt

&mom jzpfonf/
þodo Yk íd pdwu f kd edrw
d rf aumufEikd &f ef ½kyçf emrfukd Muyf
Muyf½IcJYMuygonf/ þodkYyGm;½Ijcif;onf wynfhawmfwdkYtodü
tedrdwåbm0emyGm;½Ijcif; jzpfaecJYygonf/wynfhawmfwdkYonf
w&m;vGefw&m;rsm;udk yGm;rsm;rSDcdkcJYMuygonf/igçolwyg;[laom
orkwdopöm? a,musfm;çrdef;r[laom orkwdopöm-þopömrsm;udk
acsrIef;rdMuonftxd jzpfvmMuygonf/
opömonf wx*kPaf jrmufaomaMumifY acsreI ;f í r&Ekid yf g
bJvSsuf wynfhawmfwdkYonf avmuopömudk udk,fapmif;wdkufcJYMu
ygonf/orkwdonf y&rw¬e,fa&mufvSsif ausaysmufrnf/þodkY
yif vufraxmifcJYMuygonf/
wynfhawmfrsm; þodkYjzpf&onfrsm orkwdopömudk udk,f
apmif;wdu k cf rYJ ad omaMumifY jzpfygonf/orkwo d pömonf b,fawmY
rSs rausysuyf g/ y&rw¬opöme,frsS ru t&d,opöme,fa&muf
vnf; rausysufyg/y&rw¬opömonfvnf; þtwljzpfygonf/
t&d,opöme,fa&mufvnf; ausysufjcif;r½Sdyg/
ajronf tkwcf t J jzpfa&mufaomaMumifY ausysuo f nfxif
&aomfvnf; rausysufyg/ ajrvnf;[kwf? tkwfcJvnf; [kwfyg
onf/tkwfonf bk&m;tjzpfodkYa&mufaomfvnf; rausysufyg/
bk&m;vnf;[kw?f tkwv f nf;[kw?f ajrvnf;[kwNf rJ [kwaf eygonf/
bk&m;udkvnf; tkwf[kzsufír&yg/tkwfudkvnf; ajr[k zsufír&

yg/orkwdopöm?y&rw¬opöm?t&d,opömrsm;vnf; þenf;rjcm;
jzpfygonf/
wpfESifYESpfaygif;vSsif okH;jzpfygonf/okH;jzpfaomaMumifY
wpfEiS EYf pS w
f aYkd ysmufonf[k xif&ygonf/tu,fü wpfEiS EYf pS o f nf
okH;twGif;ü tNrJwnf½dSaeygonf/raysmufysufyg/
a½Tuv kd ufaumufvyk v f sS if a½Taysmufygrnfavm¿ a½Tvuf
aumufukd a½T[o k ad omaMumifY vufaumufysuyf grnfavm¿ þ
odkYyif ½dk;½dk;pOf;pm;bdkYrsm; arYavsmYysufuGufukefonftxd atmuf
ajcvGwcf MYJ uygonf/þodjYk zpf&onfrmS w&m;tvGerf sm;udk yGm;rsm;
rdaomaMumifY jzpfygonf/þodkYyGm;rsm;jcif;udk tedrdwåbm0emyGm;
aeonf[kyif wynfhawmfwdkY xifcJYMuygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\ þtxifonf oGufoGufvnfatmifyif
rSm;cJYygMuygonf/jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ]]avmu et[H e 0g 0'grd}}
[kyif ]]avmuudk igrjiif;qdkbl;}}[k xkwfazmfrdefYMum;cJYygonf/
xdkYaMumifY ½Sif&m[kvmtm; tedrdwåbm0emudkyGm;[k ckdif;jcif;rSm
½kyçf emrfu½kd í I ig?olwyg;?a,musmf ;?rde;f rudk jiif;qdck ikd ;f jcif; r[kwf
aMumif; xif½Sm;ygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf ½Si&f m[kvmtm; tedrw d bå m0emudk yGm;
aponfrSm ½Sif&m[kvm edrdwfraumufapvdkíom jzpfygonf/
[kwfygonf/edrdwfaumufolonf rmeudky,fEdkif&ef rjzpfEdkifyg/
edrdwf[lonfrSm umvpum; jzpfygonf/tem*wfudknTef;
aompum; jzpfygonf/twdwfaumufonf[laompum;ESifY

xyfwleD;yg; t"dyÜg,f½Sdygonf/yknmyknçtmaeOÆ[kqdktyfaom
tbdocFg&w&m;wpfcck ük jzpfqt J jzpf\ tusKd ;çtjypfurkd pdppfbJ
twdwu f b,fvjkd zpfco YJ enf;¿[k twdwu f akd zmfvsS if tem*wfrmS
b,fvdk½SdvdrfYrnf[k edrdwfudkvnf; arSsmfygvdrfYrnf/xdkolonf
ypöKyeÜ t
f jzpfü acsm&f rnfrvGJ jzpfygonf/
raumif;aomtvkyfyifjzpfaomfvnf; tcsdeftcgra&muf
ao;vSsif raumif;usKd ;udrk jrif&bJ aumif;usKd ;udx k ifaewwfNrJ jzpf
ygonf/xdaYk MumifY twdwef rd w d af umufjcif;rsm;onf wu,ft Y jzpf
rSef odEikd af &;ESiYf a0;uGmapaMumif; jzpfygonf/
tjzpfrSefrodaomolonf taumif;jzpfvSsif ]]igawmfvdkY}}?
tqd;k jzpfvsS if ]]ola½Smv f }Ykd }tp½So d nfjzifY tajctaeudk tajctae
twdik ;f "r®"|d mefusus r½Ijrifb?J yk*v ¾ "d|mef0ifjcif;aMumifY rmeBu;D
jcif; jzpfygonf/trSepf ifppfü olawmfçigawmf?ola½Smçf iga½Smf r½SEd ikd f
yg/ajrpdik af jrcJukd tkwcf t J &mücsxm;vsif ajrpdik cf rJ cdik o f nfrmS ajr
pdkifcJ\tjypf r[kwfyg/csxm;rIrSm;\trSm;om jzpfygonf/
raumif;aomtrIujkd yKvyk í f raumif;usKd ;rsm; jzpfymG ;onf
rSm iga½SmfvdkY?ola½SmfvdkY r[kwfyg/aumif;aomtrIudkjyKvkyfí
aumif;usK;d rsm;jzpfymG ;onfrmS vnf; igawmfv?Ykd olawmfvYkd r[kwyf g/
trIrmS ;í tusKd ;rSm;? trIreS í f tusKd ;rSejf cif;om jzpfygonf/
ypöKyeÜ t
f rI rSerf rSeu f kd rpdppfbJ tem*wfreS af &;udo k m arSsmf
awG;aevSsif tarSsmEf iS t Yf jzpf wpfxpfpD jcm;aeEdik yf gonf/xdt k cg
olYaMumifYçudk,fYaMumifY[k pdwfaZmif;çpdwfrmefrsm; <u&ygonf/

rawmfwq arSsmfrdonfhtwdkif; jzpfvmvSsifvnf; ]]igawmfvdkY}}[k

<um;OD;rnf jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifY edrdwfaumufjcif;onf rmeBuD;aMumif;? qif;&J
aMumif; jzpfygonf/jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ½Sif&m[kvmtm; edrdwfr
aumuf&ef?rmerBu;D &ef Nird ;f csr;f pGm usupf m;oGm;vmEdik af &;udk nTef
jycJjY cif; jzpfygonf/a,musmf ;udk a,musmf ;r[kw?f rde;f rudk rde;f r
r[kw[ f k yGm;rsm;&ef nTejf ycJjY cif; r[kwyf g/a,musmf ;udk a,musmf ;?
rde;f rudk rde;f r[k odaejcif;jzifY b,forYkd sS tjypf½o dS nf r[kwyf g/
bcifwidk ;f ?om;wdik ;f onf ud, k o Yf rD;?ud,
k EYf rS rsm;udk rde;f r[k
rodbaJ eMurnf r[kwyf g/rdcifwikd ;f ?tpfrçESrwdik ;f onfvnf; ud, k Yf
om;çudk,fYarmifrsm;udk a,musfm;[k rodbJaeMurnf r[kwfyg/
þodo Yk ad ejcif;jzifY b,foaYkd omjypfrjI zpfonf r½Sad y/tjypfr½So d nf
udk tjypf[kjyKvkyfjcif;onf w&m;r[kwfonfudk w&m;vkyfjcif;
odrYk [kwf w&m;vGejf cif;yif jzpfygonf/
0dobm*tm½krH sm;onf edrw d af umufjcif;r½Sv d sS if b,forYkd sS
tjypfjzpfrnf r[kwyf g/edrw d af umufvsS iu f m; 0dobm*rqdx k m;bJ
obm0csi;f yif tjypfrsm;0ifEikd yf gonf/tzdt k m½krH sm;twGuf tr
tm½kHudk awGYjrifaomtcg tzdktwGuf tronf b,fodkYtokH;us
onf/þ,ckawGYaeaom trtm½kHonfvnf; b,fodkY tokH;us
vdrrYf nf/þodYk twdwçf edrw d af umufjcif;onfom wPSmçrmeç&m*ç
udavomrsm;yGm;jcif; jzpfygonf/trtwGufvnf; þenf;wl
jzpfygonf/

xdaYk MumifY tedrw d bå m0emyGm;onfqo kd nfrmS a,musmf ;udk

a,musmf ;[krrSwaf tmif? rde;f rudk rde;f r[krrSwaf tmif yGm;rsm;jcif;
vnf; r[kwfyg/a,musfm;çrdef;rrsm; umr*kPftm½kHcHpm;&ef b,f
odt Yk ok;H usonf?b,frsS jzpfEikd o f nf/þodYk a½St h vm;tvmzwfjcif;
[laom edrdwfraumuf,ljcif;udk yGm;rsm;jcif;om jzpfygonf/
rdbESio Yf m;orD;rsm; a,musmf ;çrde;f rrsm;jzpfMuvSsuf twl
wuGaexdkifMuNyD; wPSmçrmepaom udavomrsm; rjzpfyGm;Mu
onfrSm edrdwfraumufaomaMumifYom jzpfygonf/tjcm; aoG;
om;paom taMumif;wpkw H &m r½Syd g/,ck edrw d af umufMunfv
h sS if
,ckyif wPSmrmepaom udavomrsm; t0ifcH&ygrnf/
wynfah wmfwt Ykd ay:ü oem;jcif;w&m;udk twdik ;f rodxm;
NyD; w&m;"r®rsm; nTefMum;awmfrlcJYaom jrwfpGmbk&m;UUUUUUU
toSsifjrwfbk&m; nTefMum;cJYaom tedrdwåbm0emüvnf;
wynfhawmfrsm;onf tvGJBuD;vGJ? trSm;BuD;rSm;cJYMuygonf/w&m;
r[kwfonfü w&m;vkyfrdonftxdyif jzpfygonf jrwfpGmbk&m;/
þtrSm;twGufvnf; wynfhawmfwdkYtm; cGifYay;oem;ygrnfht
aMumif; ½dak onGwu f sKd ; vufprHk ;kd í ½Scd ;kd uefawmYtyfygonfb&k m;/
tedrdwåbm0em "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; NyD;\/

132

'da|'d|rwåH "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; 133
'da|'d|rwåH "r®yZl mbk&m;½Scd ;kd
twdkif;rod BuD;jrwfaom todÓPf½Sdawmfrlaom jrwf

pGmbk&m;UUUUUUU
wynfhawmfwdkYonf toSsifbk&m;\ tedrdwåbm0emü
trSm;rSm;t,Gif;,Gif; tcRwfcRwftacsmfacsmf ESvkH;oGif;yGm;rsm;cJY
onfrsm;udk toSsifbk&m;\ajcawmftpkH Mumy'kHü cdkvIHnTwfusdK;í
½Sdcdk;uefawmYtyfygonfbk&m;/,ckwbef toSsifbk&m; qGrf;cH<u
aeawmfrpl Of Am[d&m'g½kp&D , d tm; a[mMum;qk;H r twdq k ;Hk tm;jzifY
jyoawmfral om 'da|'d|rwåw H &m;jzifY 0wfwmG ;nTwu f sKd ; ½dcS ;kd uef
awmYtyfygonf bk&m;/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf 'da|'d|rwåH[laom jrwfpGmbk&m;rdefY
Mum;csufrsm;udkvnf; Munfndko'¨gvSygonf/xdkYaMumifY pdwfrSmodk
xm; yGm;rsm;vnf; yGm;rsm;cJYMuygonf/wynfhawmfwdkY\ yGm;rsm;rI
onf jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; xdyg;ovdkyif jzpfaevdrfYrnf[k xifyg
onf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf rsufapYruef;aomfvnf; todÓPf
tm;jzifY uef;olrsm;om jzpfMuygonf/xdkYaMumifY wynfhawmfwdkY\
yGm;rsm;rIonf jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; tm;emp&myif jzpfaeavmufyg
onf/ avSsmuf&rnfhpum;twGuf wynfhawmfrsm; ½SufEdk;aomf
vnf; ravSsuv f sS irf Ny;D aomaMumifY a½Srh suEf mS 0Sux
f m;Ny;D ½Sut f m;
ESifYyif avSsmufxm;0HYygonf/

wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf rsuaf pYjzifjY riftyfaom tqif;rsm;ü

jrifvSsif jrifumrSsjzpfatmif xm;Muygonf/Mum;p&mçawGYp&mçod
p&mrsm;üvnf; þtwl Mum;cgrSs?awGYcgrSs?odcgrSsjzpfatmif xm;cJY
Muygonf/jrifaomfawmifrsS rMunf?h Mum;aomfawmifrsS em;raxmif
tp½SdonfjzifY þodkYusifYcJYMuygonf/
xdaYk MumifY ]]owdrrl *lrjrif?owdrv l sS if jrLjrifonf}}qdo
k nfh
twdik ;f wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf jrifp&mrsm;üvnf; bmrSsrod? Mum;p&m
rsm;üvnf; bmrSsrod jzpfvmygonf/bmrSsrodjcif;onf aumif;
jcif;rsm;½So
d vd?k raumif;jcif;rsm;vnf; ½Syd gonf/bmrSsrodjcif;onf
avmbça'goçarm[rsm; jzpfp&mr½Sd jzpfygonf/avmbponf
r½Sdjcif;onf at;csrf;ygonf/tavmbponfr½Sdjcif;onf ydef;
ydwfygonf/yufvufomtdyfwwfaom uav;i,fyrm jzpfvm
ygonf/
þodjYk zpfonfuv kd nf; wynfah wmfrsm; taumif;[k txif
xm;rdcJYMuygonf/b,faZmrSsrusonfhtwGuf b,fuHrSsrjzpf/þ
odkYaejcif;onf b,fudavomrSs rxonfhtwGuf udavomNidrf;
aejcif;jzpfaomaMumifY tAsmuwjzifaY ejcif; jzpfonf/þodYk txif
xm;rdcYJMuygonf/
þtjzpfrsm;onfvnf; trSeyf if wynfah wmfwüYkd jzpfyg
onf/þodkYaevSsif tb,fuHrSsvnf;rjzpfyg/tb,fudavomrSs
vnf; rjzpfyg/tAsmuwrSsjzifv Y nf; aeygonf/xdaYk MumifY þw&m;
onf jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;cJYonfhtwdkif; udk,fwdkifodedkifaom

w&m;[k ,kHMunfpdwfcscJYMuygonf/
xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; wynfhawmfwdkYonf þw&m;jzifY Nidrf;
csr;f rIrsm; rwd;k yGm;Edik cf MYJ uygwynfah wmfw\ Ykd pdwEf v
S ;Hk ü taumif;
ESirYf aumif;onf uGjJ ym;atmif cGjJ cm;p&mr½Sd jzpfvmygonf/wynfh
awmfwo Ykd nf jzpfay:vmaompdwu f kd jzpfay:vmaomtwdik ;f usiYf
olrsm; jzpfvmcJYygonf/pifppf wynfhawmfwdkY\pdwfonf t[dwf
pdwfe,fy,frS rvGefwwfatmif ½SdaecJYMuygonf/wynfhawmfwdkY
onf t[dwfyk*¾dKvfb0odkY wufvSrf;aeouJYodkY jzpfvmygonf/
avmuBu;D onf wynfah wmfwt Ykd wGuf arSmifru kd v
f eG ;f vSyg
onf/wynfah wmfwrYkd eS ;f vdu k w
f ikd ;f rNrb J J &rf;vdu k w f ikd ;f vGaJ eonf
csnf; jzpfaecJYygonf/ jrifpdwfonfvnf; t[dwfpdwf? Mum;pdwf
onfvnf; t[dwfpdwf-þodkYyif t[dwfpdwfcsnf; wynfhawmfwdkY
jzpfaecJyY gonf/jrwfpmG bk&m;onf þodjYk zpf&eftwGuf 'da|'d|rwåH
w&m;awmfukd a[mazmfneT jf y qk;H rcJjY cif;um; rjzpfEikd yf g/
jrwfpmG bk&m;ESiYf &[EÅmt½Sijf rwfrsm;onf 'da|'d|rwåjH zifY
aexdkifawmfrlMuolrsm; jzpfygonf/toSsifjrwfbk&m;\ jrifvSsif
jrifumrwå? Mum;vSsif Mum;umrwå\ teufukd qdck NYJ y;D onft h wdik ;f
jzpfaevSsif qGrf;cHoGm;ívnf;jzpfrnf r[kwfyg/þjriftyfaom
t&monf BudK;avmç a>ravmyif rodrxifEdkif&myg/
xdkYaMumifY jrwfpGmbk&m;onf jrifvSsifjrifumrSs[k a[mvdk
jcif; rjzpfwef&myg/jrwfpmG bk&m;onf jrifp&mudk rsuaf pYjzifjY rif
vSsif jrif&aomtwdik ;f t½Snrf sS jzpf&ef a[mcJjY cif;om jzpfwef&myg
onf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf wynfhawmfwdkYudk jrifp&mrsm;ü tydk

aqmif;írjzpf&efEiS Yf twkid ;f t½Snx f ufveG íf rjzpf&ef qk;H rnTejf y
rnf trSejf zpfygonf/wynfah wmfwo Ykd nfvnf; jrifvsS if jrif&aom
twdik ;f t½Snt f wdik ;f rjzpfEikd cf MYJ uyg//tNrw J rf; txif aqmifcMYJ u
Nr"J r®wm jzpfygonf/
þodkY tjrifudkausmfí txifaqmifjcif;onf pdwful;,Of
jcif;? tmoa0g,dpk ;D jcif;? tpGOJ yg'gefuyfjcif;rsm; jzpfygonf/xdYk
aMumifY wynfah wmfwu Ykd kd jrifvsS if jrifaomtwdik ;f t½Snt f wdik ;f jzpf
&ef a[majymjyo qk;H rvrf;nTejf cif; jzpfygonf/t½Su d kd t½St d wdik ;f
jrif&efçMum;&efçawGo Y &d ef nTeMf um;jcif;om jzpfygonf/t½Su d kd t½Sd
twdkif;t½Snftwdkif; jrifvSsifçawGYvSsifçodvSsif wynfhawmfwdkYü
'ku©cyfodrf;onf rvGJraoGcsKyfNidrf;rnf jzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;UUUUU
wynfhawmfwdkYonf þ'da|'d|rwåHw&m;üvnf; cRwfcsKHus
atmif rSm;cJYMuygonf/wynfhawmfwdkY\trSm;onf toSsifbk&m;
twGuf ½SufbG,fvdvdjzpfygonf/þtjypfrsm;udk tjypfrsm;[k
wynfhawmfwdkY ½IMuygrnf/xdkYaMumifY þtjypfrsm;twGuf wynfh
awmfwdkYtm; oem;aomtm;jzifY cGifYvTwfygrnfhtaMumif; ½dkao
nGwfusdK;í ½Sdcdk;uefawmYtyfygonf teEÅaus;Zl;awmfocif
Ak'¨toSsifjrwfBuD;bk&m;UUUUUU/
'da|'d|rwåH "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; NyD;\/

137

oknwbm0em "r®yZl mbk&m;½Scd ;kd 138
oknwbm0em "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk;
Ak'¨toSsifjrwfBuD;bk&m;UUUUUUU
'da|'d|rwåw H &m;jzifY toSsijf rwfb&k m;tm; awmif;yefw;kd
vSsKd ; ½dak opGm wynfah wmfwYkd ½Scd ;kd cJMY uNy;D ygNy/D ,ckwbef oknwbm
0emw&m;jzifY ½dak onGwu f sKd ; vufprHk ;kd í ½Scd ;kd ylaZmfciG Yf jyKawmfryl g
bk&m;/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf armC&mZtrnf&onfhyk*¾dKvftm;
avmuudk okntm;jzif½Y &I ef nTeMf um;jyo qdq k ;Hk rawmfrcl yYJ gonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf þoknwbm0emw&mawmfudk Munfndkav;
pm; wefbdk;xm;Muygonf/xdkYaMumifY wwftm;oavmuf tcGifY
a&mufwdkif; þoknwbm0emudk ½dkaoav;pm;pGm yGm;rsm;Muyg
onf/wynfhawmfwdkY yGm;rsm;MuonfrSm avmuonfbmrSsr[kwf
onftxd jzpfygonf/wynfhawmfwdkYtodü oknonf bmrSsr½Sd
aomt&m jzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifY wynfhawmfwdkYpdwfü bmrSsr½Sd
atmif yGm;rsm;Muygonf/
bmrSsr½Sdjcif;oknonf tbdk;rwefqkH;?tokH;rusqkH; jzpf
aomfvnf; wynfhawmfwdkYtodü tbdk;wefqkH; jzpfvmygonf/
tokH;rusqkH;t&monf tokH;usqkH; jzpfvmygonf/avmuü
oknonftBuD;qkH;-þodkYjzpfvmonftxd yGm;rsm;cJYMuygonf/
pdwüf oknjzpfatmifae&jcif;onf tcsr;f omwumwdYk
xuf tcsrf;omqkH;-þodkYyif awG;rdygonf/wynfhawmfwdkYonf

þcsr;f omrsm;udk vufqifu Y rf;&ef acwfraD omukvm;jzLpum;jzifY

yif ]]Empty Your mind}}[k qkdqkH;rrdMuonftxd jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf þodkY avmuudk okntm;jzifY ½IyGm;
aomaMumifY aMumufjcif;çrufarmjcif;rsm;onf MuufaysmufçiSuf
aysmufjzifY b,fqD a&mufukefonfyifrodatmif aysmufukefyg
onf/xdaYk MumifY wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf avmutm; cGit Yf vTwEf ikd q f ;Hk
olrsm;yif jzpfwef&mygonf/ ywf0ef;usio f nf cGiv Yf w T Ef ikd v f eG ;f í
vm;¿ þcsr;f omü wrf;wrf;pGv J ef;vGe;f ívm;¿ rqdEk ikd yf g/wynfah wmf
wdu
Yk kd eHywfzukd N (f o. 5 )[líyif trnfay;cH&onftxd jzpfvmygonf/
eHywfz;kd (No. 4)onf bde;f jzL\trnfom jzpfygonf/bde;f jzL
onf avmuü vlut kd zsuq f ;D qk;H t&m jzpfygonf/eHywfzu (f 5)
kd No.
onf wynfah wmfwYkd rodyg/wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf rnfou Yl rkd sS rzsuq f ;D [k
xifygonf/qd;k oGr;f oltwGuv f nf; pdwrf ysu?f aumif;rGeo f t l wGuf
vnf; 0rf;rom? tvGew f nfNird yf gonf/
tqd;k udk tqd;k twdik ;f ? taumif;udk taumif;twdik ;f jrifvu kd f
ygonf/tm;vk;H vnf; jrifNy;D aysmufomG ;Muygonf/tqd;k udk aumif;vm
apcsijf cif;qdo k nfrmS wynfah wmfwt Ykd wGuf tvky½f w I jf cif;rsm;[k rSwf
xifygonf/xdaYk MumifY wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf tm;vk;H udk cGiv Yf w T Ef ikd q f ;Hk olrsm;
jzpfMuygonf/
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf tm;vk;H aom t&m0w¬K[o l rSsuv kd nf;
t½Sd[k rxifyg/pdwfjzifYbefqif;xm;aom pdwfqefypönf;[kom
xifygonf/wbef xdpk w d o
f nfvnf; jzpfNy;D çysuyf gonf/

xdkYaMumifY avmuBuD;ü ½kyfvnf;ruyf? emrfvnf;ruyf?

½kyçf emrfEpS &f yfrv S w
G jf cif; jzpfygonf/þvGwv f yfjcif;onf oknjzpfyg
onf/þoknonf tv,ftvwfjzpfygonf/ynwfvnf; rwG,?f
y&rwfvnf; rNi?d r½Sad ejcif;udk odaejcif;om y&rwfqwfqwf
edAmÁ efjrwf[k txifBu;d xifaeygonf/
xdo k nk w"mwfü ESpçf vrsm;pGm wynfah wmfrsm; usiv f nfusuf
pm; yGm;rsm;aexdik cf &YJ ygonf/ Mumaomtcgüum; jyóemwpfcck t k
wGi;f rawmfwq oufqif;rdvsS if tajz½Smr& ½Sv d mwwfygonf/þ
odyYk if Nird ;f at;jcif;tqk;H ra&mufaMumif;?tjypftemtqm½Sad Mumif;
wynfah wmfrsm; &dypf m;rdcMYJ uygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf avmuudk okntm;jzifY ½IymG ;aponfrmS
trSejf zpfygonf/xdo k jYkdzpfaomfvnf; wynfah wmfw\ Ykd ½IymG ;csurf sm;onf
rsm;pGmyif cRwaf csmrf mS ;,Gi;f cJMY uygonf/
avmuudck iG v Yf w T jf cif;[k wynfah wmfwx Ykd ifaomt&monf
avmuudk tarSmifwu kd o f iG ;f jcif;om jzpfygonf/avmuonf qkEiS 'Yf Pf
þESpfwefü wpfwefweftyfESif;&NrJ jzpfygonf/raumif;oludk
ed*[ ¾ vky(f ESrd )f í aumif;olukd y*¾[vky(f jri§ )Yf &ygrnf/
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf avmuudk cGiv Yf w
T af y;olrsm;r[kwb f J
rodjcif;trdu k wf &m;rsm;ay;olom jzpfaecJyY gonf/trdu k u f kd ay;olt
wGuf qkvmbfonf qif;&Jjcif;jzpf&rnfrmS rvGjJ zpfygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;UUUUUUU
avmuudk okntm;jzifY ½IaponfrmS wynfah wmfwEYkd iS rYf wl

uGjJ ym;jcm;em;&rnf trSejf zpfygonf/igçolryg jyóemudk jyóemt

wdik ;f ½IMunf&h ef nTejf ycJjY cif;onf avmuudk okntm;jzif½Y &I ef nTejf y
cJjY cif;\ teuftw¬ jzpfygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf tjzpfçtysuaf vmujyóemudk igçolwyg;ç
a,musmf ;çrde;f rwdjYkzifY ½Iwaf eonfukd vif;vif;xifxif odjrifawmfrl
rnf trSejf zpfygonf/avmujyóem&yfrsm;ESiYf olv Y -l ud,k vYf ?l oloap-
m
udk,fomap? olemap-udk,femap? a,musfm;omap-rdef;romap?
a,musmf ;emap-rde;f remap/þodt Yk m;jzifY yk*Kd¾ vof ;Hk oyfrrI ygatmif
½IvsS if jyóemonfNird ;f ayrnf/yk*Kd¾ vo f ;Hk oyfryI gaevSsif avmu
jyóemonf rNird ;f Edik af tmif ½Iw I af yawmYrnf/
txl;ojzifY jyóemudu k ikd w f ,
G &f mü igçigY[mçigYbufom;/
þodkYryg0ifbJ udk,fwG,fMunfhIjcif;onf okntm;jzifY avmuudk
odkYr[kwf jyóemudk MunfhIjcif;jzpfayonf/jrwfpGmbk&m;onf
jyóemudk jyóemtwdik ;f ½IMunf&h ef oknwbm0emudk a[mMum;
cJjY cif; jzpfygonf/
jyóemjzpfaom tjzpfçtysufavmuonf &efolaMumifY
jzpfvSsif t"dyÜg,fwpfrsdK;? udk,fYbufom;aMumifYjzpfvSsif t"dyÜg,f
wpfrsdK;/þodkYyif jyóem\trSefrsm; taysmufuG,fcH&ygonf/
jyóemrSefudk odkYr[kwf avmutrSefudkawGYod&ef jyóemudk
jyóemtwdik ;f ½IMunfb h Ykd vdt
k yfygonf/jyóemü igçolponfjzKwf
í ½IMunfh&rnf[k qdkvdkygonf/
]]temodvSsif aq;½Sd?temrod aq;r½Sd}}[lonfhtwdkif;

avmuudt k rSetf wdik ;f jrifro

I nf bmjyóemrSsNiad e&ef r½Sad wmY
yg/avmurSvGwfygonf/
þodkY avmurSvGwfajrmufa&;twGuf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf
oknwbm0emudyk mG ;rsm;&ef nTejf ycJjY cif; jzpfygonf/wynfah wmf
wdkYü ÓPfrsufapYrsm; raygufra&muf ½SdaecJYygonf/xdkYaMumifY
þrSsajzmifjY zL;aomvrf;yif jrwfpmG bk&m;\ tnTet f jyudck &H aomf
vnf; vGJratmif oa0xdk;í vGJcJYMu&ygonf/
þ wynfhawmfwdkY\ tvGJtrSm;onf wynfhawmfwdkYtm;
epfemapovdk vGrJ mS ;rIEiS rYf oufqikd af om Ak't
¨ oSsijf rwfb&k m;tm;
vnf; xdyg;ovdk jzpfapcJYygonf/ þtjzpfonf wynfhawmfwdkY
twGuf 0efav;vSygonf/xdaYk MumifY tjypfukd tjypf[k txyfxyf
tcgcg ½IrnfjzpfaMumif;ESiYf toSsijf rwfb&k m;tm; ½dak onGwu f sKd ;
vufprHk ;kd um ½Scd ;kd awmif;yef avSsmufxm;&ygonf teEÅaus;Zl;
awmfocif Ak'¨toSsifjrwfBuD;bk&m;UUUUUUUU/
oknwbm0em "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; NyD;\/

143

"mwk0db*F "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; 144
"mwk0b
d *F "r®yZl mbk&m;½Scd ;kd
toSsifjrwfbk&m;tm; oknwbm0emw&m;jzifY tjypfudk
tjypftm;avsmpf mG ½dak onGwu f sKd ; vufprHk ;kd Ny;D ½dcS ;kd uefawmYcyYJ gNy/D
,ckwbef "mwk0b d *Fw&m;jzifY wynfah wmfrsm;\trSm;udk
avSsmufxm;zGit Yf NH y;D trSeu
f jkd yKjyifrnft
h aMumif; ½dak onGwu f sKd ;
vufpkHrdk;NyD; txyfxyf ½Sdcdk;uefawmYygrnfbk&m;/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ykuúKomwdtm; "mwfajcmufyg;udk a0
befydkif;jcm;í a[mawmfrlcJYygonf/wynfhawmfwdkYonfvnf; þ
a[mMum;csufudk MunfndkMuygonfbk&m;/xdkUYaMumifY "mwfajcmuf
yg;w&m;awmfü wynfhawmfrsm; yGm;rsm;BudK;ukwf tm;xkwfMuyg
onf/wynfah wmfrsm; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwMf uonfrmS þodjYk zpfygonf/
þwpfvrH sS avmufu, kd u f m,ü cufrm?,dpk ;D ?cd;k ½Sed ?f vIy½f mS ;
rIrsm;ESifY ½kyfuvmyfwdkYtMum;rsm;wGif tm½kHajcmufyg;odrIrsm;om
jzpfMuonf/igr[kwf?olwyg;vnf;r[kwf/a,musfm;çrdef;rvnf;
r[kwf/yk*¾dKvfçowå0gyif r[kwf? "mwfwdkYom [kwfMuonf/þodkY
yif wynfhawmfwdkY ½IMunfhMuygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf þodkY"mwfrsm;tjzpf odrf;qnf;aom
aMumifY avmbça'goçarm[rsm; csKyNf ird ;f Muygonf/xdjYk yif tavm
b?ta'go?tarm[rsm;vnf; Nidrf;Muygonf/ tukodkvf\ t
aMumif;rlvjzpfaom a[wkw&m;rsm;vnf; Nird ;f ygonf/ukov kd \ f

rlvjzpfaom a[wkw&m;rsm;vnf;Nidrf;Muygonfbk&m;/[kwfyg
onf/wynfhawmfwdkYonf "mwfrSstjzpfom ½IaomaMumifY yk*¾dKvfç
owå0gaysmufygonf/xdkYaMumifY avmbjzpfp&mvnf; r½Sd/
tavmb('geapwem)jzpfp&mvnf; r½S/d a'gojzpfp&mvnf; r½S/d
ta'go(arwåm)jzpfp&mvnf; r½Sd/bmrSsr½Sd jzpfygonf/
þodkYjzpfvmjcif;onf wynfhawmfwdkYtwGuf aumif;ovdk
vdk?raumif;ovdkvdktjzpf ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm;cHpm;&ifqdkifMu&ygonf/
þodYk rjywf½q I ifjcifEikd vf sS if Nird ;f at;aernfjzpfaomfvnf; þodYk
rjywf&q I ifjcif&efvnf; rvG,af tmif ½Syd gonf/BuKd ;pm;í rjywf
atmif½q I ifjcifjyefvsS iv f nf; igYu, kd u
f ykd if ig[krodawmYo?l olw
yg;ponf vkH;0yifrodEdkifawmYol jzpf&mygonf/
þodkY orkwdopömusdK;ysufjcif;onf wynfhawmfwdkYtm;
avmuESifYtqufjywfaom oGufoGufvnft½l; jzpfapygrnf/
ESpfodESpfjriftm;jzifY wNydKifeufjzpf&efvnf; taMumif;r½Sdyg/&Hcg
"mwftm;jzifY? &Hcg igçolwyg;-orkwdtm;jzifY þodkYjrifvSsif t,l
rpifjcif;yif jzpf&mygonf/
xdUk aY MumifY þ"mwfw&m;onf wynfah wmfwt Ykd m; ESpuf ,
kd f
ESppf tk m; cHpm;&apygrnf/jrwfpmG bk&m;onf tb,foYkd a[mawmf
rlcaYJ voenf;¿ þodyYk if q&mtoSsio f cifjrwfb&k m;ü pGypf aJG om
pdwfxm;rsm; rawmfwqyGm;cJYonftxd jzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf wynfhawmfwdkYtm; þtjypfrS cGifYvTwf
awmfrlyg/wynfhawmfwdkYonfom todEkHYaES; ÓPftvGefa0;aom

aMumifY raxG;wwf?rtHwwfjzpfcJY&jcif; trSefjzpfygonf/jrwfpGm

bk&m;a[maMum;awmfrlcsufum; wynfawmfwdkY½IyGm;csuf teuf
t"dyÜg,fwdkYMum; rsm;pGmuGJvGJaernf jzpfygonf/þodkYjzpfvSsuf
wynfhawmfwdkYrodcsufonf wynfhawmfwdkYüom tjypfjzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ykuúKomwdom0utm; "mwfajcmufyg;
jzifY a[mMum;awmfrl&mü ykuúKomwdonf ykuúKomwdr[kwf? ig
bk&m;onfvnf; igbk&m;r[kwf/þodkY jyKawmfrljcif; r[kwfyg/
ykuúKomwdtjzpfa&muf&ef rjynfhpkHao;aom"mwfrSsomjzpfaom
yx0Dponfh (Oyg'geu©E¨m)w&m;rsm;onfom igçigY[mç ponf
r[kw[ f k a[mazmfneT jf y qk;H rawmfrcl jYJ cif; jzpfygonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf qHyifçarT;n§i;f paom yx0Drsm;? onf;
ajcçovdyfpaom tmaygrsm;? oEÅyÜepaom awaZmrsm;? txuf
av(O'¨*rF )çatmufav(ta"m*r)paom 0ga,mrsm;? em;aygufp
aom tmumorsm;ESifY qif;&Jçcsrf;omponfudkodrI 0dnmPfrsm;/
þ(Oyg'geu©Em¨ )"mwfrsm;onf igçigY[mponfr[kw/f tjyifbufrS
yx0DponfESifYtwl jzpfonf/"mwfrsm; jzpfonf/þodkY a[mMum;
jyo qkH;rawmfrlcJYygonf/
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf þqk;H rpum;udk yx0D"mwfponfrsm;
onf igçigY[mr[kwf[lírSsom rMum;Muyg/þwpfvHrSsavmuf
ud,
k u f m,onf igr[kw?f olr[kw/f yx0Dpaom"mwfrsm;om[kwf
onf/þodkYom Mum;cJYMuygonf/
Oyrmtm;jzifYÞ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf wynfhawmfwdkYtm;

tdk;wpfvkH;udknTefjyí þtdk;rSajrnufonf tdk;r[kwf/tdk;\Opöm

vnf;r[kwf[k nTefjyouJYodkY jzpfygonf/þü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf
td;k rSajrrsm; td;k r[kwyf ?Hk wjcm;ajrrsm;ESit Yf wlomjzpfy?Hk td;k ESiaYf jr
wjcm;pDjzpfyu Hk kd nTejf yaejcif; jzpfygonf/
xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; wynfhawmfwdkYonf þnTefjycsufudk
td;k ESiaYf jr oD;jcm;pDjzpfyn Hk eT jf ycsu[ f k em;rvnfEikd f jzpfMuygonf/
td;k r½S?dS ajrrSsom½So d nf[k nTejf yjcif;omjzpfaMumif; em;vnfMu
rnfjzpfMuygonf/wynfah wmfw\ Ykd em;vnfcsuo f nf jrwfpmG bk&m;
\nTefjycsufESifY vkH;0roufqdkifonftxd vGJaecJYygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tdk;udk tdk;r[kwf[k ½IrSwfyGm;rsm;&ef t
b,ftusKd ;iSm nTejf yawmfryl grnfenf;¿ td;k udk ajrnufrsS ½jI cif;jzifY
tb,ftusKd ;udk jzpfapygrnfenf;¿ajrnufrsS om½So d nf?td;k rlum;
r½S/d þodo Yk jd cif;onf todÓPfuw kd ;kd yGm;&ef jzpfEikd yf grnfavm¿
xdkYaMumifY jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tdk;r[kwf[knTefjyjcif; r[kwfyg/
td;k ü½Sad eaomajrnufuo kd m td;k r[kw[ f k nTejf ycJjY cif; jzpfygonf/
tdk;ü½Sdaomajrnufudk tdk;r[kwf?tjyifrSajrnufrsm;ESifY
twlwlyif/ajrnufonf ajrnufomjzpfonf/þodkYum; oGefoif
oifY oGefoiftyfvSayonf/tdk;ESifYajrnufrSs ykdif;jcm;odjrifjcif;
r½Sv d sS ivf nf; oifjY rwfvrS nf r[kwyf g/xef;vsuo f nf xef;yifrS
oD;onfxifouJYodkY &,fbG,fruif; jzpfygrnf/
xdkYaMumifY jrwfpGmbk&m;onf vlYtwGif;ypönf;jzpfaom
yx0Dpaom"mwfrsm;onf vljY yifyjzpfaom yx0Dpaom"mwfrsm;

ESiYf twljzpfonf/,if;yx0Dpaom"mwfrsm;udk igçigY[mponfjzifY

rodr;f yduk tf yf/ajrça&ponfrsm;onf ajrça&ponfjzpfouJo Y Ykd Al;
oD;çyJo;D çc0Jo;D ponfrsm;onf ajrça&ponfrsm;\ "mwfajymif;rsm;
yif jzpfonf/,if;wdkYudkpm;í om;aumifrsm;\ tom;onfrsm;
onfvnf; ajrça&ponfrsm;yif jzpfonf/,if;toD;tESçH tom;çig;
wdkYudkpm;í BuD;yGm;aeaom qHyifçtarT;ponft&mrsm;ü½dSaom
yx0Dponf-onfvnf; yx0Dponfyif jzpfonf/tjyifbufrS
yx0DponfESifYtwl yx0Dyifjzpfonf/
þodjYk zpfaomaMumifY yx0Dponfonf igçigY[mponfjzifY
rodr;f ydu
k of ifaY Mumif;/yx0Dponfukd igçigY[mponfjzifY odr;f ydu k f
pGv
J ef;jcif;aMumifY qif;&J'u k o
© m&rnfjzpfaMumif; a[mMum;awmf
rljcif; jzpfygonf/
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf þodaYk [mMum;awmfrcl suu
f kd em;cGuüf
rxif? rodrjrif jzpfcMYJ uygonf/yx0Dponfrsm;onf igçigY[mp
onfrsm; r[kwaf omaMumifY ig[lonf r½S/d igY[mponfvnf; r½S/d
olwyg;çolwyg;[mponfvnf; r½Sd/bmrSs r½Sd/"mwfrSsom½Sdonf/
þodkY em;vnfodjrifaecJYMuygonf/
wynfah wmfw\ Ykd em;vnfcsuo f nf td;k taMumif;oifjy&mü
tdk;onf ajrnufrsm;jzifY jyKvkyfxm;aomt&mjzpfaMumif;/xdktdk;
ü½Sdaeaomajrnufonf þr[myx0DajrBuD;rS ajrnufyifjzpf
aMumif;/xdkYaMumifY tdk;ü½Sdaomajrnufonf tdk;r[kwfaMumif;
oifjyonfukd ajrnuftjyifvnf; td;k r½S/d ajrnufvnf; td;k r[kwf

[kqv kd sS if td;k r½S[ d ak jymjcif;jzpfrnf[k em;vnfoEl iS w Yf al eygonf/

td;k \tjcif;t&m tmum&Bu, d m0daooudk oifjyolonf
þodkYyif oifjy&ygvdrfYrnf/odkYrS tdk;udk trSefusodjrifNyD; tdk;ü
jrwfE;kd jcif;çaMumuf½UHG jcif;[laom tpGt J vef;rsm; uif;vGwyf grnf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onfvnf; wynfhawmfwdkYtm; þodkYyif w
ynfhawmfwdkYudk,f wynfhawmfwdkY pdwfysufjcif;?pdwfaysmfjcif;paom
tpGJtvef;rsm;uif;vGwf&ef yx0Dponfudk wynfhawmfwdkYESifY
wynfhawmfwdkY[mrsm;-ponfjzifY rxif&ef? cGJjcm;oifMum;cJYjcif;
jzpfygonf/
yx0Dpaom ypö,rsm;\ or0g,jzpfaom wynfhawmfwdkY
onf yx0DponfrSm wynfhawmfwYdkjzpfonf? yx0DponfrSm
wynfah wmfw[ Ykd mrsm; ponfjzpfonf-þod, Yk &l ef rjzpfEidk yf g/yx0D
ponfonf yx0Dponfomjzpfonf/þodkYom,l&ef ½Sdygonf/
þodkY,laomaMumifY yx0Dponf rpGJyg/rpGJaomaMumifY
yx0DponfwYkd tNrKd u&f nfjzifY oGe;f avmif;onfjzpfap rwkev f yI f
yg/yx0DajrBu;D onf rwkev f yI o
f uJo
Y Ykd jzpfygonf/r[myx0Dajr
BuD;onf tNrdKuf&nfudk arSsmfvifYonfvnf; r½Sdyg/aMumuf½GHUonf
vnf; r½Sdyg/þtwl tqdyf&nfudkvnf; arSsmfvifYjcif;?aMumuf½GHU
jcif; r½Syd g/
þodNYk ird ;f at;&ef jrwfpmG bk&m;onf yx0Dpaom "mwf
ajcmufyg;ud½k yI mG ;&ef rdeMYf um;cJjY cif; jzpfygonf?igçolwyg;ça,musmf ;ç
rde;f rr½S-d þodo Yk jd rif&ef yx0Dpaom"mwfajcmufyg;udk yGm;rsm;apcJY

onf r[kwfyg/wynfhawmfwdkYonf þodkYjzpfvSsif trSm;BuD; rSm;cJY

Muygonf/"mwfajcmufyg;ukd½IyGm;í igçolwyg;ça,musfm;çrdef;r
r½Sd[líyifxifatmif yGm;cJYMuygonf/
wynfah wmfw\ Ykd tjrifrmS ;csuo
f nf wynfah wmfwEYkd iS w Yf uG
jrwfpmG bk&m;tm; tepfemBu;D epfematmif jyKro d uJo Y Ykd jzpfcyYJ g
onf/þtrSm;onf wynfhawmfwdkYü rsm;pGm tjypfjzpfygonf/þ
tjypfukd teEÅaus;Zl;awmfocif toSsijf rwfA'k t ¨ m; ½dak onGwf
usKd ;í ½Scd ;kd um txyfxyfawmif;yef&ygrnf/
teEÅaus;Zl;awmfocif Ak'¨toSsifjrwfBuD;bk&m;UUUUUUU
wynhaf wmfwo Ykd nf þtjypfukd tjypf[½k NI y;D ?aemufxyfw
bef jyefírjzpfatmif BuKd ;pm;ygrnf/xdaYk MumifY xdt k jypfrS wynfh
awmfwdkYtm; cGifYvTwfoem;ygrnfhtaMumif; ½dkaopGmnGwfusdK;í
½Sdcdk;toem;awmfjrwfcH awmif;yeftyfygonfbk&m;UUUUYYUUU/
"mwk0db*F "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; NyD;\/

151

tbd"r® "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; 152
tbd"r® "r®yZl mbk&m;½Scd ;kd
toSsifjrwfbk&m;tm; "mwk0db*Fw&m;jzifY ½dkaonGwfusdK;
vufprHk ;kd um ½Scd ;kd uefawmYc&YJ ygNy/D ,ckwbef tbd"r®mckepfusr;f
jzifY wynfhawmfrsm; oifMum;em,lxm;aom tbd"r®mw&m;jzifY
toSsifbk&m;tm; ½dkaonGwfusdK; vufpkHrdk;í ½Sdcdk;uefawmYtyfyg
onfbk&m;/
yXrqk;H ½Scd ;kd &rnfrmS þtbd"r®mrsm;onf toSsib f &k m; ES
vkH;om;tmabm*tjzpfBuD; jzpfMu½kHrSsru toSsifbk&m;EIwfawmf
wGwfwGwf½Gwfí rdefYcJYcsufrsm;[k wynfhawmfwdkY odem;vnfcJYcsuf
rsm; jzpfygonfbk&m;/
toSsifjrwfbk&m;onf wynfhawmfwdkYodaeaom þtbd
"r®mw&m;awmfjrwfBu;D udk b,fot Yl m;rSs a[mxm;awmfrcl jYJ cif;r½Sd
jzpfygonf/
þt&mudkvnf; wynfhawmfrsm; todtjrif vGJrSm;Muyg
onf/þodYk rSwcf rYJ jd cif;onfyif ü tjypfuif;pifco YJ nf r[kwyf g/
uxm0w¬Kusrf;onf t½Sifr[marm*¾vdykwåwdó q&m
awmf\ a[mMum;csuf jzpfaecJyY gonf/wynfah wmfw\ Ykd tjrifonf
roefYpifNyDqdkvSsif tm;vkH;yifroefYrpifjzpfcJYMuygonf/
,rdkufusrf;?y|mef;usrf;rsm;onfum; tvGefw&mrS av;
eufvaS omaMumifY toSsib f &k m;\ EIwaf wmfww G w
f w G ½f w
G íf a[m

cJcY su[f k txifroufatmif wynfah wmfwrYkd wwfEikd f ½Scd &YJ ygonf/

xdo
k jYkd zpfaomfvnf; pmayordik ;f ynm½SiBf u;D wdu Yk rl ,rdu
k ?f
y|mef;usr;f rsm;onf pmaywefb;kd t&qdrk l uxm0w¬Kusr;f \
aemufü rkcsraoG½&dS ayrnf[k rdeq Yf okd nfukd odygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf wdrfaomynm½dSonfjzpfí tbd"r®m
tm;vkH; toSsifbk&m;yifa[monf/toSsifbk&m;omoem uG,f
vSsifyif y|mef;usrf;u píuG,frnf/þodkYtxd ,kHMunfBudK;pm;
rSwfom;aerdcJYMuygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\rSwfom;csufonf trSefESifYuGJjym; vGJrSm;
aecJo Y nf[k wynfah wmfwYkd &dypf m;rdc&YJ ygNy/D tbd"r®musr;f rsm;t
ay: þodYk trSeEf iS u Yf jGJ ym;atmif vGrJ mS ;cJcY surf sm;udk jyifqif&yg
rnf/
xdok jYkd zpfaomfvnf; tbd"r®musr;f rsm;onf wynfah wmfwYkd
rsuaf pYü av;eufNrJ av;eufvsS uyf if ½Sad ernfjzpfygonf/jrwf
pGmbk&m; a[mcJo Y nfjzpfap?ra[mcJo Y nfjzpfap? t½Sio f m&dyw k &å m
a[mcJo Y nfjzpfap?tjcm;yk*Kd¾ vw f pfO;D OD; a[mcJo Y nfjzpfap wynfh
awmfwdkYonf tbd"r®musrf;rsm;udk Munfndkrnfom jzpfygonf
bk&m;/
tbd"r®mw&m;awmfonf acwftavSsmuf a&;olray:cJí Y
b,foal &;onf[k ray:aomfvnf; oHCmawmfrsm; a&;om;a[m
ajymcsufonf w&m;awmfrSaoGznf&ef vkH;0taMumif;r½Sdyg/
w&m;awmfonfvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mMum;csuo f m jzpfygonf/

xdkYaMumifY rnfola&;onfjzpfap jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;

csuu f kd a&;jcif;jzpf?jrwfpmG bk&m; EIwjf zifw
Y w
G w
f w
G ½f w
G í
f ra[m
aomfvnf;? a[monf[kqdkEdkifaomw&m;ü wynfhawmfrsm; pdwf
tm;xufoefpGm o'¨gMunfndkMuygonfbk&m;/
trSepf ifppfü tbd"r®mw&m;awmfonf jrwfpmG bk&m;a[m
Mum;awmfcJYaom w&m;awmfrsm;rS toD;tjcm;w&m;awmfrsm; r
[kwfcJYyg/tbd"r®mw&m;awmfonf jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrl
aomw&m;awmfrsm;\ tbd"r®mw&m;awmfom jzpfygonf/
tbd"r®mw&m;awmfonf vGwfajrmufrIudkaqmifEdkifaom
jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;cJYaom w&m;awmfwpfyk'f r[kwfyg/vGwf
ajrmufrIudkaqmifEdkifaom jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;cJYaom w&m;
awmftrsm;tjym;rS tESpo f m& tcsut f vufrsm;udk azmfxwk cf suf
rsm;om jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifY trSefü tbd"r®mw&m;awmfonf usifYBuHBudK;
ukwftm;xkwf&efw&m; r[kwfyg/jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;cJYaom
usifYBuHBudK;ukwftm;xkwf&ef w&m;udkemMum;&mü em;vnf&ef
taxmuftuljyKaomw&m;om jzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;cJYaom w&m;awmfrsm;onf "r®u©
E¨mtm;jzifY taxmifru rsm;vSygonf/xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; þrSs
rsm;jym;aom "r®u©E¨mrsm;\tajccH y&rwfonf ½kyfemrfESpfyg;?
"mwfckepfq,fYESpfyg;om jzpfonf/
Oyrmtm;jzifÞ Y rm*"bmompum;vk;H rsm;onf &maxmif

rursm;vSaomfvnf; pum;\tajccHy&rwfonf Asn;f ço&ESpyf g;

tu©&mav;q,fYESpfvkH;omjzpfouJYodkY jzpfygonf/
Asnf;rsm;ço&rsm;onf tu©&mav;q,fYwpfvkH;tjzpf p
um;vk;H wdik ;f yg0ifNy;D pum;vk;H rsm;\ tajccHy&rwfjzpfaomfvnf;
Asn;f rsm;ço&rsm;udk Asn;f rsm;ço&rsm;twdik ;f bwfç½Gwçf em;qif&ef
vk;H 0r[kwyf g/Asn;f rsm;ço&rsm;onf pum;\ tajccH(y&rwf)jzpf
aomfvnf; pum;udkbwf&mü Asnf;rsm;ço&rsm;udkbwf&ef r[kwf
awmYbJ pum;eufudkombwf&ef jzpfygonf/
xdaYk MumifY Asn;f rsm;ço&rsm;onf pum;eufrsm;uk?d pum;udk
ajymqdak &;om;&mü tok;H csc&H ef tajccHy&rwfrsm;om jzpfonf/
pum;eufonf xdAk sn;f ço&wd\ Yk twGt J pyfay:rSí D xGuv f maom
Asn;f ço&wdrYk S oD;jcm;jzpfaomt&m jzpfonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlaom w&m;"r®ESifY þ"r®\
tajccHjzpfaom tbd"r®wo Ykd nfvnf; þtwljzpfygonf/tbd"r®
onf jrwfpmG bk&m;a[maom "r®\tajccH(y&rwf)yif jzpfygonf/
xdaYk MumifY tbd"r®mudk y&rw¬w&m;av;yg;[kyif ajymqd&k jcif;jzpf
onf/pum;ü Asnf;ço&rsm;jzpfaom tu©&myg0ifaomfvnf;
tu©&mudrk bwfbJ pum;eufuo kd mbwfouJo Y ?Ykd "r®ü ½kyçf emrfjzpf
aom tbd"r®my&rwfrsm; yg0ifaomfvnf; y&rwfudkrbwfbJ
y&rw¬udkom bwfçrSwfçemMum;&ayrnf/Asnf;ço&rsm;jzpfaom
tu©&monf pum;wnfaqmuf&ef jzpfouJYodkY ½kyfçemrftbd"r®m
onfvnf; "r®wnfaqmuf&efrSs jzpfayonf/

opömav;yg;w&m;udk trsm;owå0gwdkYtm; today; a[m

Mum;azmfxkwfawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;UUUUUU
wynfhawmfwdkYonf tbd"r®mü þodkYrjrif pdwfrxifbJ
"r®xufyif av;eufaomw&m;? wynfhawmfwdkY ½IyGm;çrSwfom;&
rnhfw&m;?þodkY ,kHpm;çtm;xm;rdcJYMuygonf/wynfhawmfwdkYonf
uBu;D çcauG;tu©&mrsm;bwfjcif;udk pmbwfonf[rk w S Nf y;D txyf
xyf atmf[pfbwfrw S af erdcMYJ uygonf/wynfah wmfwv Ykd kd bwfMu?
rSwfMu&efvnf; EId;aqmfnTefMum;aerdcJYMuygonf/
pmbwfcdkif;&mü pmüygaomtu©&mrsm;udk bwfaeolt
wGuf t"dyÜg,fuG,faeonfrSm aA'ifar;bG,frvdkouJYodkY wynfh
awmfwdkYonfvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;w&m;awmfrsm;bwfMu&ef jzpf
aomfvnf;?w&m;awmf\tajccH y&rwfrsm;rSmom ÓPfupm;í
aysmyf g;aerdonft h wGuf toSsib f &k m;\ w&m;eufjzpfaom t&d,
opömrsm; tb,frsm ruG,faysmuf½SdygawmYrnfenf;µ
wynfhawmfwdkYonf tbd"r®mw&m;ü þodkYyif tjrifrSm;
cJYMuygonf/wynfhawmfwdkY\ þtjrifrSm;csufonfvnf; wynfh
awmfwdkYtm;vnf;aumif;? toSsifbk&m;tm;vnf;aumif; rsm;pGm
epfemapygonf/þtrSm;twGufvnf; toSsifjrwfbk&m;tm;
½dkaonTwfusdK; vufpkHrdk;í txyfxyf ½Sdcdk;uefawmYtyfygonf
bk&m;/
xdjYk yifvnf; tbd"r®mw&m;ü trSm;rsm; 'kEiS aYf '; ½Sad ecJY
ygao;onf/þt&mrsm;udkvnf; txyfxyf½Sdcdk; vufpkHrdk;í ½Sdcdk;

uefawmY&ygOD;rnf/þt&mrsm;rSm t"dutm;jzifY uHESifYuH\t

usdK;(0dyguf)rsm; qufET,fykHrsm; jzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf owå0grsm;udk ]]uH\tarGcHrsm;omjzpf
onf}}[k a[mcJYygonf/owå0gonf uH\tquftEG,fjzpfonf/
uHomvSsif vJavsmif;&m½So d nf/aumif;uHjyKvsS if aumif;? raumif;
uHjyKvSsif raumif;[k rdefYMum;cJYygonf/
uHonf ZeuuH? OyxrÇuuH? OyyDVuuH? OyCmwuuH
[lí tusdK;ay;udpötm;jzifYvnf;aumif;/*½kuH? tmoEéuH?
tmpdPu Ö ?H u#wåmuH[í l tusKd ;ay;tvSnt hf m;jzifv
Y nf;aumif;/
'd|"r®a0'eD,uH? OyyZÆa0'eD,uH? ty&my&d,m,a0'eD,uH?
ta[moduH[lí tusdK;ay;tcsdeftm;jzifYvnf;aumif; trsdK;rsdK;
½Sdygonf/
uH[lonfrSm aumif;rIçraumif;rIjyKpdwfrsm;ESifY twljzpf
aom vIHUaqmfwwfonf;owåd½Sdaom ]]apwemw&m;}}yif jzpfyg
onf/
xduk rH sm;\ tusKd ;udjk zpfapwwfaomowåo d nf uH\Zeu
owåd jzpfygonf/xdk Zeuowå½d adS omuHonf ZeuuH jzpfygonf/
OyxrÇuuH[o l nfrmS tusKd ;udk wdu
k ½f u
kd rf jzpfapbJ tusKd ;ay;&ef
tjcm;uHudk taxmuftyHYjyKwwfaomuH jzpfygonf/OyyDVuuH
rSm tjcm; tusKd ;ay;&efowå½d adS omuHukd ESyd ef ,fwwfaomuH jzpfyg
onf/OyCmwuuHrSm tjcm; tusdK;ay;wwfaomowåd½SdaomuH
udk jzwfypfwwfaomuH jzpfygonf/

wynfhawmfwdkYtodü ,ckb0 tusdK;0dyguftjzpfrsm;\

ZeuuHonf rarG;rDujyKcJYaomuH jzpfonf/OyxrÇupaom
uHrsm;onf onfb0jyKaomuHrsm;vnf;jzpfonf/xdkuHrsm;onf
vnf; raorDtusKd ;ay;aomuHonf 'd|"r®a0'eD,uH jzpfygonf/
aoNy;D aemufb0tusKd ;ay;aomuHonf OyyZÆa0'eD,uH jzpfyg
onf/aoNyD;aemuf aemifb0rqkH;oa½GU tusdK;ay;aomuHonf
ty&my&d,m,uH? tusKd ;ay;ír&awmYaomuHonf ta[moduH
jzpfygonf/
todynm\tydkif;tjcm;udk ajymqdkjcif;iSm rwwfaumif;
aom Ak'¨toSsifjrwfMuD;bk&m;UUUUUUUU
wynfhawmfwdkYonf uHESifYpyfí þodkYyif odxifrSwfom;
xm;cJYMuygonf/wynfhawmfwdkY\ uHw&m;t,ltjrif tbd"r®mü
tajccHonf a½S;b0çaemufb0qufoG,fcsuf jzpfygonf/a½S;b
0çaemufb0tjrifjzifY uHukd teufziG yYf gonf/wbef uHteufziG Yf
jzifY a½S;b0çaemufb0tjrifudk cdkifrmatmif axmufulygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\ þuHtbd"r®mü wynfhawmfwdkYraorD
jyKvyk af om b,favmuDurH qdo k nf jyKvyk o f nfrS raorDtwGi;f ü
b,foaYkd omtusKd ;0dygufurkd sS rjzpfapEdik af tmif ½Scd yYJ gonf/wynfh
awmfwdkYjyKorSs aumif;rIçraumif;rIuH[lorSs\tusdK;onf wynfh
awmfwrYkd aorDtwGi;f ü vk;H 0r&[lí jzpfonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY umrukodkvfudkyGm;vSsif xdkumrukodkvf\
tusKd ;0dygufpw
d of nf y#doaE¨?b0if?pkw?d w'g½kH av;udprö sS wyfyg

onf/wynfhawmfwdkYü y#doaE¨?b0if?pkwd?w'g½kHrsm;om jzpfaom

aMumifY jzpfygonf/'d|"r®a0'eD,uHt& vufiif;b0rSm tusKd ;
ay;rnfqv kd sS if b,fojYkd zpfatmifay;&rnf[yk if rodEikd ½f &dS ygonf/
pdwfonf uHpdwf? 0dygufpdwf? Bud,mpdwfrSsom jzpfygonf/
Bud,mpdwfonf taou©r[kwfolwdkYESifYrqdkifí uHpdwfESifY0dyguf
pdwrf sm;om wynfah wmfwEYkd iS q Yf ikd yf gonf/0dygufpw
d rf sm;onfvnf;
y#doaE¨?b0if?pkwdudpörsm;om a,bk,soufqdkifygonf/
xkyd #doaE¨paom pdwrf sm;rSmvnf; rarG;rD b0uH\tusKd ;
csnf;qdkvSsif þb0uH\tusdK;0dyguftwGuf jzpfcGifYae&monf
r½Sdatmifjzpfygonf/ þb0jyKaomuHonfom þb0uHjzpfí?
þb0jzpfaom0dygufonfonf þb0uH\0dygufrsm;r[kwf
jzpfaeygonf/
xdkYaMumifY þb0jyKaomuH\ 'd|"r®tusdK;onf tb,f
jzpfoenf;rodatmif ½S&d ygrnf/r&-t&,lygrS xdu k o H nf o[
Zmwur®owåjd zifY xdu k EH iS tYf wljzpfaom pdwçf apwodu½f yk rf sm;ü
uHenf;wljzpfyGm;csuf[k &rnfuJYodkY ½Sdygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf uHESifYpyfvmvSsif ed*P²em#ykwå\
wynfrh sm;ESirYf jcm;atmif rarG;rDtwdwu f kd vufqyk jf yKrcd MYJ uolrsm;
jzpfyonf/ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|drsm; jzpfMuonftxd jzpfygonf/
raumif;rIjyKorl sm; raumif;rIjyKNy;D aemuf jyKaomaMumifY
jzpfaom cHpm;rI(a0'em)rsm;onf tusdK;(0dyguf)jzpfygonf/xdk
tusKd ;a0'emonf jyKcsed Ef iS o Yf ;D jcm;pD(ememcPdu) jzpfMuygonf/

xdktusdK;a0'em\ a0'emoabmokcjzpfvSsif xdktusdK;a0'em

aMumifY raumif;rIukd xyfjyKcsiaf omaMumifY xyfíjyKygonf/ jyK
befrsm;aomaMumifY tusdK;rsm vlodxif½Sm; axmifwef;usaom
aomu?y&da'0ponftxd jzpfyGm;ygonf/
þü raumif;rIudkjyKaomuH(ur®)onf raumif;aomtrI
\tusKd ;(0dygu)jzpfaom cHpm;rIrsm;udk ZeuuHtjzpf aus;Zl;jyKyg
onf/xdck pH m;rIrsm;aMumifY aemufxyfwbef xdrk aumif;rIrsKd ; jyKcsif
(udavojzpf)jyefygonf/ jyKcsifrI(wPSm)aMumifY xyfjyK(ur®)yg
onf/jyKaomaMumifY cHpm;&rItusdK;(0dygu)rsm; jzpfjyefygonf/
'kwd,uH\tusdK;ü yXruHonf Zeuowådr½SdawmYaomfvnf;
OyxrÇuowåd½Sdonf[k qdk&ygrnf/
'kw,
d uH\ tusKd ;a0'emjzpfcsed üf xdak 0'emudk ydik ;f jcm;qif
jcifvsS if wwd,uHjzpf&ef tiftm;aumif;aumif;r&jzpfí wwd,
raumif;rIuu H kd jyKyifjyKaomfvnf; qkwef pfaomaMumifY xdw k wd,
uH\ tusdK;0dygufa0'emü 'kwd,uH\taxmuftyHYrsm; tESdyf
pufcH&ygonf/xdkYaMumifY wwd,uHonf OyyDVuuH jzpfygonf/
wwd,tusKd ;a0'emü vk;H 0ydik ;f jcmrdaomaMumifY pwkwu ¬ H
jzpfaomtcg wwd,uHudk vkH;0uyfíjzwfygonf/xdkYaMumifY
pwkw¬uH\tusdK;ü wwd,uH\owådrsm; vkH;0uif;pifygonf/
pwkw¬uonf OyCmwuuHvnf; ac:qdkEdkifygonf/
þ yXrtusKd ;udjk zpfapaom yXruHonf 'd|"r®a0'eD,
uH/ 'kwd,uHaMumifYjzpfaom 'kwd,tusdK;ü yXruH\owåd yg0if

ao;aomaMumifY 'kwd,tusdK;udkaxmufvSsif yXruHonf OyyZÆ

a0'eD,uH/ wwd,çpwkwp¬ onfjzifY aemiftcGio Yf ifí
Y tusKd ;jzpf
vSsif?xdktusdK;rsm;udkaxmufí yXruHonf ty&my&d,m,a0'eD
,uH/jyKvyk yf ;D OyyZÆçty&my&d,m,ponf tusKd ;rjzpfawmYvsS if
xdkyXruHonfyif ta[moduH/ uHonf þodkYom jrwfpGmbk&m;
w&m;awmft& jzpf&ef½rdS nf jzpfygonf/
wynfah wmfwüYkd uHjyKNy;D aemuf xdu k \
H tusKd ; tjzpfçtysuf
jrif&mçuG,&f myg? ypöKyeÜ af &maemifwcsed yf g tusKd ;rsm; uHtm;avsmf
pGm jzpfyGm;aeonfudk txift½Sm; odjrifaeMuygonf/
wynfah wmfwYkd aumif;rIjyKvsS if vlaumif;vljrwfjzpfNy;D ?
raumif;rIjyKvsSif vlqdk;vl,kwf jzpfygonf/þodkYvlaumif;vlqdk;
rsm;jzpfMujcif;ESiYf aumif;çraumif;uHrsm;wynfah wmfwjYkd yKMujcif;udk
tbd"r®menf;usus qufo, G íf r& jzpfaeMuonfrmS wynfah wmf
wd\Yk tbd"r®mtjrifrsm; tqk;H pGecf Rwcf sKu H saeMuíom jzpfygonf
bk&m;/
aemufuaumif;í tckaumif;/ tckaumif;vSsif aemif
vnf; aumif;vdrfYrnf[kqdkí aemufudkrarG;rD? aemifudk aoNyD;[k
wxpfcs-csxm;cJMY uygonf/tckaumif;aumif; tckvyk í f r&awmY
bdouJYodkY jzpfcJYygonf/wynfhawmfwdkYodjrifaeaom uHtbd"r®m
BuD;onf w&m;½Sifraeaom tbd"r®m? w&m;aoaeaom tbd
"r®mBuD; jzpfygonf/rwdk;wufaomtbd"r®m? wdk;wufraeaom
uHtbd"r®mBuD;jzpfygonf/

jrwfpGmbk&m;onf wdk;wufaom tbd"r®mydkif½SifBuD;om

jzpfygonf/'kuu © jkd yonfrmS 'kuü© ikyv f sS Kd ;epfae&ef r[kwyf g/'ku©
jzpfaMumif;udyk ,fí r*¾uykd mG ;ap&efrsS jzpfygonf/csKyv f sS if 'kuj© y
onfrSm 'ku©Nidrf;&efjzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ "r®\tESpfom&jzpfaom tbd"r®monf
þodo Yk uf0if½iS of ef wd;k wufraeyg/xdaYk MumifY arG;rSaoonftxd
woufv;Hk rarG;rDujyKcaYJ om uH\tusKd ;0dygufuav;ESiaYf eonf
[laom uHtbd"r®mudk Ak't ¨ oSsijf rwf ra[mcJaY omf wynfah wmfwYkd
\ oów'd|dtjrifjzifY rodEdk;em; wnfaqmufxm;rdaom tbd
"r®mom jzpf&mygonf/
wynfah wmfw\ Ykd þtbd"r®mtrSm;onf toSsib f &k m;tm;
twdik ;f rod xdyg;apcJyY gonf/toSsib f &k m;w&m;rsm; vk;H 0csKyq f ;Hk
taysmufuG,fcH&onftxd jzpfcJYygonf/wynfhawmfwdkY\ xdkt
jypfonf rnfonfht&mjzifYajzonfjzpfap rjyEkdifavmufatmif
tvGefBuD;rm;vGef;vSaomtjypf jzpfygonf/þrSs BuD;rm;vSaom
wynfhawmfrsm;\tjypftwGuf toufudkyif toSsifbk&m;tm;
vSLay;tyfxdkufonf[k wynfhawmfrsm; ,kHMunfygonf/
xdaYk MumifY wynfah wmfrsm; ½dak opGmnTwu f sKd ;í ½Scd ;kd avSsmuf
xm;0HYygonfbk&m;Þ
wynfhawmfwdkYtoufudk þtbd"r®mtrSm;BuD; oifMum;
ydcYk sccYJ suf trSm;udk rem;wrf;jyKjyifbYkd tpOftNrJ wm0ef,l xrf;
aqmifygrnfbk&m;/

teEÅaus;Zl;awmfocif Ak'¨toSsifjrwfBuD;bk&m;UUUUUU
wynfah wmfwo Ykd nf wynfah wmfw\ Ykd trSm;ü prf;0g;rdonf
txd od½cS &YJ ygNy/D xdo
k Ykd od½o
dS rSs jyifqifa&;ü toufukd ta&;r
xm;awmYyg/taocH&rnfqdkvSsifvnf; taocHygrnf/ pnf;pdrfç
*kPfod&f? tausmftapm? vmbfoyÜum? 'g,umç'g,dumr
aemufyw d q f ;Hk &aeaomb0 tppudk wynfah wmfwYkd ylaZmfp&mxm;
NyD; toSsifbk&m;tm; wynfhawmfwdkY\ þtrSm;udk jyifqifrnfjzpf
aMumif; ½dak opGmnGwu f sKd ;í txyfxyf½cdS ;kd avSsmufxm;awmif;yef
tyfygonf bk&m;UUUUUUU/
tbd"r®m "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; NyD;\/

164

"r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; ed*kH; 165
"r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; ed*kH;
avmb?a'go?arm[?rme?'d|dpaom udavomacs;an§mf
tvdr;f vdr;f jzpfaeMuojzifY at;Nird ;f Ny;D qk;H jcif;odYk ra&mufao;
aom vlom;ordik ;f udk ckwyf ikd ;f jzwf½iS ;f ÓPftvif;udk ay;oem;
awmfrlcJYaom vlom;\ teEÅaus;Zl;awmfocif Ak'¨toSsifjrwf
bk&m;UUUUUU
toSsifbk&m;onf wynfhawmfwdkY\todÓPfü twdwf
ESpaf xmifiY g;&mausmuf mvuyif at;Nird ;f jcif;tqk;H odYk qdu k af &muf
NyD;awmfrlcJYonf[k odjrifaecJYygonf/
xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; toSsifbk&m;xGef;n•d§íxm;cJYaom
opömtvif;a&mifonf ,aeYxufwdkif wynfhawmfwdkY\ b0t
npftaMu;rsm;udk avSsmfaq; okwfoifay;vSsufyif ½Sdaeygao;
onf/
xdkYaMumifY wynfhawmfwdkYonf at;Nidrf;jcif;tqkH;odkY
qdkufa&mufawmfrlNyD;aom toSsifbk&m;\ teEÅaus;Zl;awmfudk
w-o xkwfazmf ylaZmfí NyD;qkH;cJYMuygNyD/
avmu\rsufapYtrSefjzpfaom toSsifbk&m;\ opöm"r®
tm; yDjyifMunfvifatmif þodYk aq;avSsmo f wk of if&aom wynfh
awmfwdkY\aumif;rIonf ESpfyg;aomtusdK;rS wpf00omjzpfaom
tusdK;rSsudk aqmif½GufEdkif&ef wynfhawmfrsm; vdkvm;awmifYwtyf
ygonf/

"r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; ed*kH; 166
ESpfyg;aomtusdK;rSmÞ
wynfah wmfw\ Ykd tusit Yf BurH sm; rjynfrh pkH rukerf i½Sv
d sS if
olawmfaumif;cyford ;f wdu Yk acgif;wdr;f a½Smif½mS ;jcif;r½Sbd ?J odonfh
twdkif; jrifonfhtwdkif; jyKjyifqkH;ronfudk wynfhawmfrsm;u
&½Sd&efESifY
wynfhawmfrsm;tusifYtBuH avmufiukefvkH jynfhpHjkcif;½Sd
vSsif owå0gcyford ;f u acgif;wdr;f jiif;qdjk cif;r½Sb d J ud,k tYf usKd ;udk
ud,
k v f v
kd m; rrSwd rf okH BuKd ;pm;Edik &f ef jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\ þaumif;rIonf wynfhawmfwdkYvdkvm;
aom tusdK;ESpfyg;rS wpfyg;raomtusdK;udk onfykd;aqmif½Guf&ef
vnf; tav;teuf qk>rufawmif;qdktyfygownf;/ /
"r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; NyD;\/

167

armae,sy#dywf ½SpfvkH;bGJU 168
armae,sy#dywf ½SpfvkH;bGJU
1/ armae,s0wf? rcRwfa[mrnf/
jznfhusifYEdkifcJ? jzpfcJvSonf?
0D&d,ESifY? pdwfucdkifusnf?
vGefBudK;pm; wdk;yGm;EkdifvdrfYrnf/
2/ uJY&JUcsD;rGrf;? ½Gmwef;ESpfvD?
twltrSs? jyKMuwnfMunf?
pdwfusçpdwf<u? ½Sif;pGa½SmifzD?
armae,s OD;pGtusifYrnf/
3/ oHedrfYçoHjrifY? [efESifY>rufcsD?
rD;vSsH[lrSs? rdef;ryvD?
awmaeolaumif;? zsm;a,mif;wwfonf?
vGwfajrmufa&; ppfaw;usifY7rnf/
4/ arxkefumr? a0;pGa½SmifzD?
vlaMumufçvlruf? pdwfxufrwnf?
twGef;çtqGJ? vlY0Jtrnf?
armae,s wwd,tusifYrnf/
5/ olYvdkigvnf;? olvnf;igYvdk?
udk,fcsif;pmw&m;? a½Shxm;ydkrdk?
rn§if;rowf? vGwfvyfatmifudk?
vltrsm; oem;Muapvdk/

6/ &wmaMumifYMu? r&wmawmifYw?
vlrsm;ckefcuf? e&ufþ[m?
rsufapYaygufu? þajcmufckyg?
armae,s usifYMuOyrm/
7/ 0rf;ydkufvSsvSs? tm[m&csifYcg?
vSsyfay:rzuf? enf;vSsuftmom?
tvdk½kyfodrf;? at;Nidrf;rqm?
rqma&; pOfawG;vdkYNidrf;yg/
8/ qGrf;cHNyD;u? awm00ifyg?
opfyifatmufESifY? ausmif;atmufoifY&m?
&[ef;wdkYxkH;? oDwif;okH;yg?
armae,s usifYMuOyrm/
9/ awmae&[ef;? ½Tifvef;atmifom?
aMumufrJYçrufrJY? awG;csJUavYvm?
aMumufçrufESpfyg;? z,f½Sm;NyD;cg?
xdk&[ef; ½Tifvef;awmNrdKifrSm/
10/ vif;t½kPfysdKU? ½GmodkY0ifyg?
½Gmtmrdo? pkHpGJjzmjzm?
vSLbdkYçyifYbdkY? pdwfnIdUa½Smifyg?
armae,s usiMYf u e0rm/
11/ vlYtdrf<ubd? rked½SifrSm?
vlYudpörI? rjyKa½Smifyg?

Mobmçedrdwf? t&dyft0g?
tpm;xGuf EIwf>rufrqdk&m/
12/ r&vnf;aumif;? &aumif;vdkYom?
opfyifausmcdkif;? ykHEIdif;pdwfrSm?
r&t&? jynfh0wlyg?
armae,s {u'orm/
13/ qGrf;cHMubd? rked½SifrSm?
rtygbJ? ttxJ0ifcg?
tvSLenf;vnf;? pdwfxJrem?
tvSLrsm; pdwfxm;wnfhrwfpGm/
14/ vlYvGwfvyfa&;? Nidrf;at;acrm?
ESpfcgra&muf? wpfacgufvnf;r&yg?
tedrfYçtjrifY? qifYqifYusifYyg?
armae,s 'ku'orm/
15/ wPSmtvsifjzwf? tqdyfjywfolrSm?
BuD;i,fudpö? pdwfuy,fcGg?
tdkufpyfylaqG;? idka<u;uif;uGm?
vGwfvyfa&; raES;usifYavyg/
16/ oif"kef;"g;oGm;? csdKjym;yrm?
rkedw&m;? a½Shxm;NyD;cg?
awmufacgufcgawG;? 0rf;a&;rapmifYyg?
armae,s pwkw¬'orm/

17/ tBuHukefvSsuf? qm;csufrae?

tBuHaxGjym;? pdwfrsm;rayG?
teHYpdrf;jzwf? NiduyfwmawG?
tusifYjrwf csOf;uyfaeygav/
18/ &[ef;eD;yg;? 0yfwGm;íom?
xD;xD;aevSsuf? jznfhpGufodu©m?
rkedtppf? jzpfíaysmfvm?
armae,s aomV'orm/
19/ ynm½SdxkH;? ESvkH;rlcg?
ausmfaZmçodçMum;? ½Suftm;ydkum?
BudKufçrkef;azsmufvTifY? psmefESifYaecg?
o'¨g"mwf vGefjrwfjyKavyg/
20/ acsmif;ajcmufajrmif;ao;?a&ajy;wlpGm?
r[mjrpfBuD;? a&pD;nifom?
jrpf&JUa&pD;? usifYenf;,lyg?
armae,s t|'orm/
21/ a&rjynfhtdk;? oHrsdK;pkHpGm?
a&jynfhonfhtdk;? ql½dk;rvm?
a&tdk;jynfhbd? rkedr[m?
toHwdwf uif;qdwfoljrwfrSm/
22/ [kwfrSefusdK;½Sd? rsm;bd0gpm?
odonfhtwdkif;? rqdkif;a[myg?

tusdK;rNyD;? odvnf;a½Smifyg?
armae,s 0dousifYp&m/
23/ usifYarmae,s? a[mjycJYwm?
jznfhusifYEdkifcJ? jzpfcJvSwm/
0D&d,ESifY? pdwfucdkifrm?
vGefBudK;pm; wdk;yGm;xdkolrSm/
armae,sy#dywf NyD;\/

173
e
"r®puf ½SpfvkH;bGJU 174
"r®puf ½Spv f ;Hk bGUJ

"r®pufw&m;? yGm;rsm;½Gwfqkd?
ewfa&mvla&m?aomaomxdkxdk/?
Mum;olcyfodrf;?at;Nidrf;atmifudk?
opömrsm; emMum;Muapvdk/
1/ wpf&mYokH;ESpf? ouú&mZfr[m?
0gqdkvjynfh? a>raeYqnf;qm?
yOö0*ftm;? bk&m;jrwfpGm?
"r®puf a[m>rufrd*'g/
2/ w&m;usifYp? a0;pGa½Smifyg?
xufvrf;atmufvrf;?ESpfvrf;ESpfjzm?
½kyfçemrfrkef;u? vkH;vkH; xufyg?
tm½kHrGrf; atmufvrf; umrom/
3/ atmufçxufruyf? tvGwftv,f?
usifYp&mvrf;? jrifprf;vG,fvG,f?
t&d,r*f? tcsuf½SpfoG,f?
odjrifEkdifa&;? Nird ;f at; odEikd w
f ,f/
4/ [kwfwmMunfhçawG;? oufarG;[kwfwm?
[kwfwmajymçvkyf? tm;xkwf[kwfwm?
[kwfwmatmufarY? ra½GU[kwfwm?
t&d, r*¾tif½Spfjzm/

5/ pGJNidae&? ao& tdkçem?

cspfuGJçrkef;uGJ? tpGJaxGvm?
vdkr&vnf;? tpGJemem?
tJ'gbJ qif;&JrSefopöm/
6/ pGJwmMunfhawG;? oufarG;pGJwm?
pGJwmajymçvkyf? tm;xkwfpGJwm?
pGJwmrarY? ra½GUpGJwm/
tJ'gbJ qif;&JjzpfaMumif;yg/
7/ uRwfvGwfae&? ao& tdkçem?
cspfuGJçrkef;uGJ? tpGJryg?
vdkr&vnf;? tpGJuRwfcg?
tJ'gbJ qif;&Jrjzpf&m/
8/ [kwfwmMunfhçawG;? oufarG;[kwfwm?
[kwfwmajymçvkyf? tm;xkwfvkyfwm?
[kwfwmrarY? ra½GU[kwfwm?
tJ'gbJ qif;&JNidrf;aMumif;yg/
9/ a½S;yuwl;? Mum;bl;uif;uGm?
'ku©qif;&J? 'gbJvdkYom?
jrifodxdk;xGif;? a&mufvif;0dZÆm?
opömrsm; igYt;jzpfay:vm/
jzpfwdkif;'ku©? odrSsvdkYom?

jrifodxdk;xGif;? a&mifvif;0dZÆm?
vkyfzG,frsm; igYtm;jzpfay:vm/
jzpfwdkif;'ku©? 'ku©vdkYom?
NyD;onfrsm; igYtm;jzpfay:vm/
ork',? 'gyvdkYom?
opömrsm; igYtm;jzpfay:vm/
onfork',? y,frSvdkYom?
onfork',? y,fcsNyD;cg?
NyDonfrsm; igYtm;jzpfay:vm/
'ku©cyfodrf;? at;Nidrf;vmwm?
jrifodxkd;xGif;? a&mifvif;0dZÆm?


onfeda&m"? qdkufrSvdkYom?
onfat;Nidrf;BuD;? qdkufNyD;vdkYom?
Nidrf;at;bdkYvkyfief;? onfvrf;udkom?
onfr*fw&m;? yGm;rs;vdkYom?
onfr*¾ifBuD;? yGm;NyD;vdkYom?
21/ yOö0*frsm;? axmifem;pdkufyg?
av;çokH;çq,fYESpf? rjzpfopöm?

igbk&m;vdkY? rMum;b,fcg?
odawmYrS Ak'¨0efcHwm/
22/ ÓPftjrifrsm;? igYtm;aygufvm?
vGwfajrmufqufquf? rysufwnfrSm?
vuf½Sd0dyguf? qkH;vSsufaewm?
b0opf rjzpfaemifb,fcg/
23/ yOö0*frsm;? w&m;Munfndk?
½Sifaum@n? ÓPf0jrLNzdK?
w&m;rsufvkH;? ½TifNyKH;MunfcsdK?
jzpforSs csKyfMuol>rufqdk/
24/ opömpufjrwf? vnfywfatmifudk?
rnfolvSnfhEId;? rEdk;eudk,f?
bk&m;½Sifjrwf? vSnfhywfrdefYqdk?
oHqifYa<u; ta0;e,fwcdk/
25/ tvTmqifYqifY? jrifYxufjrifYudk?
aomif;obm0? avmuvludk/
½dkufcwfvIyf½Sm;? yGm;rsm;ajymqdk?
pGrf;oxuf pGrf;csufpHydkrdk/
26/ ½SifawmfAk'¨? rdefY[>rufqdk?
aum@nem;? aygufxGm;onfudk?
tnmod&? aum@nyk*¾dKvf?
bk&m;rS tyçrMunfndk/

27/ ½Sifaum@n? Ak'ävSsmufqdk?

t½SifYxHyg;? w&m;usifYvdk?
at;a[YajymMum;? bk&m;BudKqdk?
aum@n b0&[ef;"dk&f/
"r®w&m;? yGm;rsm;½Gwfqkd?
ewfa&mvla&m?aomaomxdkxdk?
Mum;olcyfodrf;?at;Nidrf;atmifudk?
opömrsm; yGm;rs;Muapvdk/
"r®puf½SpfvkH;bGJU NyD;\/

w&m;½Spv
f ;Hk bGUJ 180
w&m;½SpfvkH;bGJU
1/ jrwfbk&m;ESifY? trsm;oHCm?
a[mazmfnTefjy? t&d,opöm?
urÇmvlom;? usdK;rsm;pdrfYiSm?
usifYEdkifa&; raES;½GwfqdkrSm/
2/ vlESifYvljcif;? aygif;oif;onfhcg?
udk,fom &çr&? oluepfem?
udk,fYepfem&? olu omrçom?
t&d, 'ku©rSefopöm/
3/ rarG;rDu? b0 xdkçþ?
½Sdçr½Sda&;? tawG;yvD?
opömysufjym;? w&m;aoGznf?
ork', opötrSefrnf/
4/ a½S;uHypfcs? b0 vmçrvm?
BuHpnfaxGjym;? rrsm;Mu&m?
vlYuHazG;awmY/ Nidrf;at;vlrSm?
t&d, opöeda&m"m/
5/ aoNy;D jzpfçrjzpf? pdppfrBuH&m?
udk,fEIwfpdwfxm;? w&m;olrSm?
qif;&Jtaygif;? vGwfaMumif;rSefpGm?
t&d, opö usirYf *¾g/
6/ vlaumif;çvlqdk;? ESpfrsdK;½Sdwm?
qdk;a&;çaumif;a&;? uHa½S;ryg?
w&m;½Spv
f ;Hk bGUJ 181
vluqdk;awmY? vlqdkjzpfvm?
vluaumif; vlaumif;jzpfrnfom/
7/ udk,fEIwfESvkH;? apmifYokH;onfhcg?
aumif;onfhuHbJ? rvGJjzpfvm?
ESvkH;udk,fEIwf? zsif;,kwfaomcg?
qdk;uHbJ tNrJjzpfay:vm/
8/ owfrIçcdk;rI? usL;rItm½kH
um,uHrSm;? rw&m;usifYxkH/
rcdk;çrowf? usL;jzwftm½kH?
xdkuHrsm; w&m;jzpfaeykH
9/ vdrfçqJçukef;wdkuf? zsif;rdkuf0gpm?
0pDuHrSm;? rw&m;usifYwm?
[kwfrSefusdK;½Sd? aygif;rdcsdKom?
qdk;uHrsm; w&m;0pDrSm/
10/ tacsmifçtzsuf? ,Gif;uGuftBuH?
raemuHrSm;? rw&m;ykH[ef?
udk,fYtm;udk,fudk;? olYtusdK;olpH?
trSefyGm; w&m;raemuH/
11/ jrwfbk&m;ESifY? trsm;oHCm?
a[mazmfnTefjy? t&d,opöm?
urÇmvlom;? usdK;rsm;pdrfYiSm?
jzpfEdkifa&; raES;usifYavyg/
w&m;½SpfvkH;bGJU NyD;\/
vlYr[med'gef; 182
vlYr[med'gef;
vlY"r®wm rsufapYtm½kH?em;tm½kH tzkHzkHESifYawGUavaomf
trSefaemufvdkuf udk,fYtBudKuftwdkif; taumif;çtqdk;trsd;rsdK;
tusK;d cHpm;&Nrw J nf;/taumif;cHpm;vnf; raemrSm r0/raumif;
cHpm;vnf; oabmrSmrusESifY topf&rnfhtaumif;udk awmifYw
rGwfodyfonf/
rGwfodyfawmY ½SmazG/ ½SmazGawmY &½Sd/ &&SdawmY okH;pGJ/
okH;pGJawmY NidpGef;/ NidpGef;awmY udk,fY[mrSwf/ udk,fY[mrSwfawmY
odrf;ydkuf/ odrf;ydkufawmY o0efwdk/ o0efwkdawmY apmifYa½Smuf/
apmifYa½SmufawmY b0trsdK;rsdK; &ownf;/
wkwfqGJ&aomb0onfvnf; b0/"m;qGJ&aomb0onf
vnf; b0/vdrfvnfqJqdk&aomb0onfvnf; b0/ref;rIwf&Gwf
bwf&onfhb0onfvnf; b0/yo ylaZmf&aomb0onfvnf;
b0/BuKd ;ukwu f siBYf u&H aomb0onfvnf; b0/aumif;umif;çqd;k
qdk; trsdK;rsdK;aom &rf;wkwfçrSef;wkwf tvGeftrif;jyKvkyforSs
b0wdkYonf b0csnf;omwnf;/
b0&awmY 0dnmPfay:/0dnmPfay:awmY pdwfawGçudk,f
awGx/pdwaf wGçud, k af wGxawmY tm½kaH wGEiS x Yf cd u
kd /f xdcu kd f
awmY cHpm;rIjzpf/cHpm;rIawGjzpfawmY cHpm;rIawGysu/f cHpm;rI
awGysuaf wmY pd;k &dryf al qG;? idak <u;0rf;enf;? qif;&J'u k a© wG
a&muf/'ku©a&mufawmYrdkufuef;/rdkufuef;awmY udk,fYb0
ordik ;f ud,k rf jrif/rjrifawmY rod/(rodawmY &rf;wkw/f &rf;

vlYr[med'gef; 183
wkwfawmY 'ku©jzpf/'ku©jzpfawmY rod)/

þodv Yk sS if vl"Y r®wm qif;&JomxifawmYatmif 'kuo © o H &m
csmcsmvnfownf;/
'ku©oHo&m vlYb0ordkif; qpfykdif;íMunfhaomf today:
rnf/odawmY rawmifYw/rawmifYwawmY r½SmazG/r½SmazGawmY
r&½S/d r&½Sad wmY rok;H pG/J rok;H pGaJ wmY rNipd eG ;f /rNipd eG ;f awmY ud,k [ Yf m
rrSw/f ud, k [
Yf mrrSwaf wmY rodr;f ydu k /f rodr;f yku
d af wmY 0efrwd/k 0efr
wdkawmhrapmifYa½Smuf/rapmifYa½SmufawmY wkwfç"m;qGJ&aomb0
ponf rjzpf/
b0rjzpfawmY 0dnmPfray:/0dnmPfay:awmY udk,fawG
pdwfawG rx/udk,fçpdwfawGrxawmY tm½kHawGESifY rxdcdkuf/rxd
cdu
k af wmY cHpm;rIawGrjzpf/rjzpfawmY rysu/f rysuaf wmY Nird ;f csr;f /
Nidrf;csrf;awmY Nidrf;csrf;wmudkod/(odawmY t[kwftrSefvkyf/vkyf
awmY Nidrf;csrf;/Nidrf;csrf;awmY Nidrf;csrf;wmudkod/)
þodv Yk sS if vl"Y r®wmudvk eG af jrmufí Nird ;f csr;f jcif;ESitYf wl
touf½iS af exdik Nf y;D ? tEkyg'daoo"mwf edAmÁ efjrwfukd ud, k w f ikd f
xkwfacsmuf rsufarSmufjyKownf;UUUUUUU/
vlYr[med'gef; NyD;\/

184

014 Dhammapuja

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

014 Dhammapuja

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1

atmufygrax&frsm;ESifY wynfh &[ef;½Sifvlrsm;

Ä tvGJw&m;? tpGJrSm;? cGjJ cm;rodyg/

r[mAsL[okwå yEé&or*gxm (ud,

or®my&dAmÁ Zed,okwå owår*gxm (ud,

udk,fwdkifbwf½I avhvmol\ rSwfwrf;

uREykf of nf vltjzpf arG;zGm; oefpY ifco hJ nf/

w&m;awmfrsm;jzifY jrwfpmG bk&m;tm; uefawmhyal Zmf zl;arSsS mf

( "r®yZl mbk&m;½Scd ;dk ed'gef;Ny;D \)

"r®yZl m bk&m;½Scd ;kd ed'gef; (ud,

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

owå0grsm;tm; wpfO;D csi;f vGwaf jrmufr?I Nird ;f at;rItwGuo f m jzpf

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

xdaYk MumifY jrwfpmG bk&m;onf owå0grsm;aoNy;D aemuf rjzpf

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

wdkY\ tvSw&m;udk aumif;aumif;em;yg;rvnf&jzpfNyD; z½dkz&J

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

tjyKtrlçtajymtqdçk pdwaf epdwx f m; ,Gi;f rSm;çaygufysurf aI MumifY

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

½kyaf &m*g qd;k qd;k 0g;0g;rsm; ½Sad omfvnf; pdwaf &m*guif;pif

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

jzpfygonf/xdkYaMumifY olwdkYonf rvGwfvyfol?rNidrf;at;olrsm;

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

udavom? oHa,mZOf? tEko, tp½Sad omw&m;rsm;onf

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

tjzpf wGufcsuf pdwful;vmygonf/

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

vm;rSsr,SOf jzpfygonf/ tdyjf cif;?pm;jcif;? tqif;ponfuckd pH m;

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

Mu,fro I nf pifMu,fox l üH om &yfwahH ernf r[kwyf g/y#dZ0D ac:

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

vlrIqufqHa&;ü txpftaigYtm;vkH; ukefqkH;aysmufuG,fygvdrfY

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

Nidrf;csrf;a&;udkvnf; ay;awmfrlcJYygonf/ emjcif;aMumifYjzpfaom

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

atmufvrf;çtxufvrf; &nf½G,fcsufrsm;onf twåESifY

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

Ak'¨0g'&nf½G,fcsuf "r®ylZmbk&m;½Sdcdk; NyD;\/

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

r*¾opöm "r®yZl m bk&m;½Scd ;kd

twdkif;rod aus;Zl;awmfocif Ak'¨toSsifjrwfBuD;bk&m;UUU

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

þw&m;rsm;onf toGiftm;jzifY taxGaxGjzpfatmif

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

toSsifjrwfbk&m;onf þodkYyif a[mMum;cJYaomfvnf;

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

yGm;cJYMu&ygonf/aemufqkH;tm;jzifY ½kyfçemrfy&rwfudk w&m;xif

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

þodkYyif wynfhawmfwdkY todÓPfrsm; pl;cJYça&mufcJYMuygonf/

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

yg;? jA[®0[d m&av;yg;? uHo;Hk yg; ponftm;jzifv Y nf; yg0ifygonf/

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

þodkYjzpfvsif t&d,opömqdkufaomw&m;onf avmuD

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

awmfwdkYonf r*Fvm?arwåmponfrsm; w&m;r[kwf? owdy|mefp

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

r½SdaomaMumifY 'ku©vu©Pmponfudk ½IyGm;r&jzpfNyD; wynfhawmf

"r®ylZm bk&m;½Sdcdk;usrf; (udk,fwkdif bwf&IavYvm&eftwGufom(jzefYa0&efr[kwf)

wynfhawmfwdkYonf rodonfhtavsmuf w&m;udk emrfbJç

½kyaf &mg qd;k qd;k 0g;0g;rsm; ½Sad omfvnf; pdwaf &mguif;pif