Enzymes: Biological Catalysts

Industrially important because of special characteristics.

Substrate specificity, biocompatibility,

Speed,
Reusability, etc Examples- Amylases, Proteases, Lipases, Cellulases, etc.

Lipases:
Triacylglycerol acylhydrolases, E.C. 3.1.1.3 Catalyse hydrolysis of triacylglycerol to glycerol and free fatty acids. Catalyze the reactions at polar and non-polar interface

Catalyse transesterification reactions in non-aqueous environment.

Sources

Selectivity of Lipases:
Chemoselectivity
Regioselectivity Stereoselectivity

Lipase Catalyzed Reactions

The two main categories: I) Hydrolysis:

RCOOR + H2O RCOOH + ROH

II) Synthesis: Reactions under this category can be further classified: (a)Esterification RCOOH + ROH RCOOR + H2O (b)Interesterification RCOOR + RCOOR RCOOR + RCOOR

(c)Alcoholysis
RCOOR + ROH RCOOR + ROH (d)Acidolysis RCOOR + RCOOH RCOOR + RCOOH

Mechanism of lipase catalysis.

P. Reis , K. Holmberg , H. Watzke , M.E. Leser , R. Miller Lipases at interfaces: A review Advances in Colloid and Interface Science Volumes 147?148 2009 237 - 250 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2008.06.001

Applications of Lipases
Industry Bakery Beverages Chemical Detergent Cosmetics Effect Flavour improvement and shelf life propagation Improved aroma Enantioselectivity Hydrolysis Synthesis Hydrolysis of Milk Fat Cheese ripening Modification of Butter fat Transesterification, Hydrolysis Hydrolysis Product Bakery Products Beverages Chiral Building Blocks and Chemicals Removal of stains Emulsifiers, moisturising agents Flavored Agents Cheese Butter Cocoa Butter, Margarine Fatty acids, Glycerol, Mono and Diacylglycerides Leather Products

Dairy

Fats and Oil Leather

Applications of Lipases..Contd
Industry Meat and Fish Paper Pharmaceuticals Biofuel Clinical Diagnostics Effect Flavor Development and fat removal Hydrolysis Trans-esterification and Hydrolysis Transesterification of vegetable oil Product Meat and Fish products Paper Products Drugs Biodiezel

Detection of Blood fats

Diagnostic Kits