M t

M t H thng iu khin ng c gm c ba nhm cc cm bin (v cc tn hiu u ra ca cm bin), ECU ng c, v cc b chp hnh. Chng ny gii thch cc cm bin (cc tn hiu), s mch in v s ni mt, v cc in p cc ca cm bin. Cc chc nng ca ECU ng c c chia thnh iu khin EFI, iu khin ESA, iu khin ISC, chc nng chn on, cc chc nng an ton v d phng, v cc chc nng khc. Cc chc nng ny v cc chc nng ca b chp hnh c gii thch cc chng ring. (1/1)

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Kin thc c bn

Mch ngun Mch ngun l cc mch in cung cp in cho ECU ca ng c. Cc mch in ny bao gm kho in, rle chnh EFI, v.v... Mch ngun c xe t s dng thc s gm c 2 loi sau y: (1/3) 1. Loi iu khin bng kho in Nh trnh by hnh minh ha ny, s ch ra loi trong rle chnh EFI c iu khin trc tip t kho in. Khi bt kho in ON, dng in chy vo cun dy ca rle chnh EFI, lm cho tip im ng li. Vic ny cung cp in cho cc cc + B v + B1 ca ECU ng c. in p ca c quy lun lun cung cp cho cc BATT ca ECU ng c trnh cho cc m chn on v cc d liu khc trong b nh ca n khng b xa khi tt kho in OFF. (2/3)

2. Loi iu khin bng ECU ng c Mch ngun trong hnh minh ha l loi trong hot ng ca rle chnh EFI c iu khin bi ECU ng c. Loi ny yu cu cung cp in cho ECU ng c trong vi giy sau sau khi tt kho in OFF. Do vic ng hoc ngt ca rle chnh EFI c ECU ng c iu khin. Khi bt kha in ON, in p ca c quy c cp n cc IGSW ca ECU ng c v mch iu khin rle chnh EFI trong ECU ng c truyn mt tn hiu n cc M-REL ca ECU ng c, bt m rle chnh EFI. Tn hiu ny lm cho dng in chy vo cun dy, ng tip im ca rle chnh EFI v cp in cho cc +B ca ECU ng c. in p ca c quy lun lun cung cp cho cc BATT c l do ging nh cho loi iu khin bng kho in. Ngoi ra mt s kiu xe c mt rle c bit cho mch sy nng cm bin t l khng kh - nhin liu, yu cu mt lng dng in ln. Tham kho: Trong cc kiu xe m ECU ng c iu khin h thng kho ng c, rle chnh EFI cng c iu khin bi tn hiu ca cng tc bo m kha. (3/3)

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Mch ni mt ECU ng c c 3 mch ni mt c bn sau y: 1. Ni mt iu khin ECU ng c (E1) Cc E1 ny l cc tip mt ca ECU ng c v thng c ni vi bung np kh ca ng c. 2. Ni mt cho cm bin (E2, E21) Cc cc E2 v E21 l cc cc tip mt ca cm bin, v chng c ni vi cc E1 trong ECU ng c. Chng trnh cho cc cm bin khng b pht hin cc tr s in p li bng cch duy tr in th tip mt ca cm bin v in th tip mt ca ECU ng c cng mt mc. 3. Ni mt iu khin b chp hnh (E01, E02) Cc cc E01 v E02 l cc cc tip mt cho b chp hnh, nh cho cc b chp hnh, van ISC v b sy cm bin t l khng kh-nhin liu. Cng ging nh cc E1, E01 v E02 c ni gn bung np kh ca ng c. (1/1)

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in p cc ca cm bin Cc cm bin ny bin i cc thng tin khc nhau thnh nhng thay i in p m ECU ng c c th pht hin. C nhiu loi tn hiu cm bin, nhng c 5 loi phng php chnh bin i thng tin thnh in p. Hiu c tnh ca cc loi ny c th xc nh trong khi o in p cc c chnh xc hay khng. (1/1)

1. Dng in p VC (VTA, PIM) Mt in p khng i 5V (in p VC) iu khin b vi x l bn trong ECU ng c bng in p ca c quy. in p khng i ny, c cung cp nh ngun in cho cm bin, l in p cc VC. Trong loi cm bin ny, mt in p (5V) c t gia cc cc VC v E2 t mch in p khng i trong ECU ng c nh trnh by trong hnh minh ha. Sau cm bin ny thay gc m bm ga hoc p sut ng ng np c pht hin bng in p thay i gia 0 v 5V truyn tn hiu i. Gi khi sa cha: Nu c s c trong mch in p khng i hoc ngn mch VC, ngun in cp cho b vi x l s b ngt, lm cho ECU ng c ngng hot ng v ng c b cht my. 2. Dng mt nhit in tr (THW, THA) Gi tr in tr ca nhit in tr thay i theo nhit . V vy cc nhit in tr c s dng trong cc thit b nh cm bin nhit nc v cm bin nhit kh np, pht hin cc thay i ca nhit . Nh trnh by trong hnh minh ha, in p c cp vo nhit in tr ca cm bin t mch in p khng i (5V) trong ECU ng c qua in tr R. Cc c tnh ca nhit in tr ny c ECU ng c s dng pht hin nhit bng s thay i in p ti im A trong hnh minh ha. Khi nhit in tr hoc mch ca dy dn ny b h, in p ti im A s l 5V, v khi c ngn mch t im A n cm bin ny, in p s l 0V. V vy, ECU ng c s pht hin mt s c bng chc nng chn on.

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3. Dng in p Bt/Tt 1) Cc thit b dng cng tc (IDL, NSW). Khi in p bt ON v tt OFF, lm cho cm bin ny pht hin c tnh trng Bt/Tt ca cng tc. Mt in p 5V c ECU ng c cp vo cng tc ny. in p cc ECU ng c l 5V khi cng tc ny Tt OFF, v 0V khi cng tc ny Bt ON. ECU ng c dng s thay i in p ny pht hin tnh trng ca cm bin. Ngoi ra, mt s thit b s dng in p ca 12V cquy. (2) Cc thit b dng tranzito (IGF, SPD). y l mt thit b dng chuyn mch ca tranzito thay cho cng tc. Nh vi thit b trn y, vic Bt ON v Tt OFF in p c dng pht hin iu kin lm vic ca cm bin. i vi cc thit b s dng cng tc, mt in p 5V c t vo cm bin t ECU ng c, v ECU ng c s dng s thay i in p u cc khi tranzito bt ON hoc ngt OFF pht hin tnh trng ca cm bin ny. Ngoi ra mt s thit b s dng in p 12V ca c quy. 4. S dng ngun in khc t ECU ng c (STA, STP) ECU ng c xc nh xem mt thit b khc ang hot ng hay khng bng cch pht hin in p c t vo khi mt thit b in khc ang hot ng. Hnh minh ha th hin mt mch in ca n phanh, v khi cng tc bt ON, in p 12V ca c quy c t vo cc ECU ng c, v khi cng tc ny b ngt OFF, in p s l 0V.

5. S dng in p do cm bin to ra (G, NE, OX, KNK) Khi bn thn cm bin t pht v truyn in, khng cn t in p vo cm bin ny. ECU ng c s xc nh iu kin hot ng bng in p v tn s ca dng in sinh ra ny. Gi : Khi kim tra in p cc ca ECU ng c, tn hiu NE, tn hiu KNK v v.v... c truyn i di dng sng AC. Do , c th thc hin cc php o c chnh xc cao bng cch dng my o hin sng.

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Cm bin v cc tn hiu

Cm bin lu lng kh np Cm bin lu lng kh np l mt trong nhng cm bin quan trng nht v n c s dng trong EFI kiu L pht hin khi lng hoc th tch khng kh np. Tn hiu ca khi lng hoc th tch ca khng kh np c dng tnh thi gian phun c bn v gc nh la sm c bn. Cm bin lu lng kh np ch yu c chia thnh 2 loi, cc cm bin pht hin khi lng khng kh np, v cm bin o th tch khng kh np, cm bin o khi lng v cm bin o lu lng khng kh np c cc loi nh sau: Cm bin o khi lng kh np: Kiu dy sy. Cm bin o lu lng kh np: Kiu cnh v kiu gi xoy quang hc Karman Hin nay hu ht cc xe s dng cm bin lu lng kh np kh kiu dy nng v n o chnh xc hn, trng lng nh hn v bn cao hn. (1/5) Tham kho: Kiu cnh Cm bin lu lng kh np kiu cnh gm c nhiu b phn nh th hin hnh minh ha. Khi khng kh i qua cm bin lu lng kh np ny t b lc kh, n y tm o m ra cho n khi lc tc ng vo tm o cn bng vi l xo phn hi. Chit p, c ni ng trc vi tm o ny, s bin i th tch khng kh np thnh mt tn hiu in p (tn hiu VS) c truyn n ECU ng c. (1/1)

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Tham kho Kiu dng xoy Karman quang hc Kiu cm bin lu lng kh np ny trc tip cm nhn th tch khng kh np bng quang hc. So vi loi cm bin lu lng kh np kiu cnh, n c th lm nh hn v nh hn v trng lng. Cu to n gin ca ng khng kh cng gim sc cn ca khng kh np. Mt tr "b to dng xoy" c t gia mt lung khng kh ng u to ra gi xoy c gi l "gi xoy Karman" h lu ca tr ny. V tn s dng xoy Karman c to ra t l thun vi tc ca lung khng kh, th tch ca lung khng kh c th c tnh bng cch o tn s ca gi xoy ny. Cc lung gi xoy c pht hin bng cch bt b mt ca mt tm kim loi mng (c gi l "gng") chu p sut ca cc gi xoy v pht hin cc rung ca gng bng quang hc bi mt cp quang in (mt LED c kt hp vi mt tranzito quang). Tn hiu ca th tch kh np (KS) l mt tn hiu xung ging nh tn hiu c th hin trong hnh minh ha. Khi th tch khng kh np nh, tn hiu ny c tn s thp. Khi th tch kh np ln, tn hiu ny c tn s cao. (1/1) 1. Kiu dy sy (1) Cu to Nh trnh by hnh minh ha, cu to ca cm bin lu lng kh np kiu dy nng rt n gin. Cm bin lu lng kh np gn v nh nh c th hin trong hnh minh ha bn tri l loi cm phch c t vo ng khng kh, v lm cho phn khng kh np chy qua khu vc pht hin. Nh trnh by trong hnh minh ha, mt dy nng v nhit in tr, c s dng nh mt cm bin, c lp vo khu vc pht hin. Bng cch trc tip o khi lng khng kh np, chnh xc pht hin c tng ln v hu nh khng c sc cn ca khng kh np. Ngoi ra, v khng c cc c cu c bit, dng c ny c bn tuyt ho. Cm bin lu lng kh np c th hin trong hnh minh ho cng c mt cm bin nhit khng kh np gn vo. (2/5)

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(2) Hot ng v chc nng Nh th hin trong hnh minh ha, dng in chy vo dy sy (b sy) lm cho n nng ln. Khi khng kh chy quanh dy ny, dy sy c lm ngui tng ng vi khi khng kh np. Bng cch iu chnh dng in chy vo dy sy ny gi cho nhit ca dy sy khng i, dng in s t l thun vi khi khng kh np. Sau c th o khi lng khng kh np bng cch pht hin dng in . Trong trng hp ca cm bin lu lng kh np kiu dy sy, dng in ny c bin i thnh mt in p, sau c truyn n ECU ng c t cc VG. (3/5)

(3) Mch in bn trong Trong cm bin lu lng kh np thc t, nh trnh by hnh minh ha, mt dy sy c ghp vo mch cu. Mch cu ny c c tnh l cc in th ti im A v B bng nhau khi tch ca in tr theo ng cho bng nhau ([Ra+R3]*R1=Rh*R2). Khi dy sy ny (Rh) c lm mt bng khng kh np, in tr tng ln dn n s hnh thnh chnh gia cc in th ca cc im A v B. Mt b khuych i x l pht hin chnh lch ny v lm tng in p t vo mch ny (lm tng dng in chy qua dy sy (Rh)). Khi thc hin vic ny, nhit ca dy sy (Rh) li tng ln dn n vic tng tng ng trong in tr cho n khi in th ca cc im A v B tr nn bng nhau (cc in p ca cc im A v B tr nn cao hn). Bng cch s dng cc c tnh ca loi mch cu ny, cm bn lu lng kh np c th o c khi lng khng kh np bng cch pht hin in p im B. (4/5)

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Cm bin lu lng kh np Trong h thng ny, nhit ca dy sy (Rh) c duy tr lin tc nhit khng i cao hn nhit ca khng kh np, bng cch s dng nhit in tr (Ra). Do , v c th o c khi lng kh np mt cch chnh xc mc d nhit kh np thay i, ECU ca ng c khng cn phi hiu chnh thi gian phun nhin liu i vi nhit khng kh np. Ngoi ra, khi mt khng kh gim i cc cao ln, kh nng lm ngui ca khng kh gim xung so vi cng th tch kh np mc nc bin. Do mc lm ngui cho dy sy ny gim xung. V khi kh np c pht hin cng s gim xung, nn khng cn phi hiu chnh mc b cho cao ln. Gi : in p (V) cn thit tng nhit ca dy sy (Rh) ny theo mc ca DT t nhit ca kh np c gi khng i mi thi im mc d nhit kh np thay i. Ngoi ra kh nng lm ngui ca khng kh lun lun t l vi khi lng khng kh np. Do nu khi lng kh np khng thay i, tn hiu ra ca cm bin lu lng kh np s khng thay i d cho nhit khng kh np thay i. (5/5) Cm bin p sut ng ng np (Cm bin chn khng) Cm bin p sut ng ng np c dng cho h thng EFI kiu D cm nhn p sut ng ng np. y l mt trong nhng cm bin quan trng nht trong EFI kiu D. Bng cch gn mt IC vo cm bin ny, cm bin p sut ng ng np cm nhn c p sut ng ng np nh mt tn hiu PIM. Sau ECU ng c xc nh c thi gian phun c bn v gc nh la sm c bn trn c s ca tn hiu PIM ny. Nh trnh by hnh minh ha, mt chp silic kt hp vi mt bung chn khng c duy tr chn khng nh trc, c gn vo b cm bin ny. Mt pha ca chip ny c l ra vi p sut ca ng ng np v pha bn kia thng vi bung chn khng bn trong. V vy, khng cn phi hiu chnh mc b cho cao ln v p sut ca ng ng np c th o c chnh xc ngay c khi cao ny thay i. Mt thay i v p sut ca ng ng np s lm cho hnh dng ca chip silic ny thay i, v tr s in tr ca chp ny dao ng theo mc bin dng ny. Tn hiu in p, m IC bin i t s dao ng ca gi tr in tr ny gi l tn hiu PIM. Gi khi sa cha: Nu ng chn khng c ni vi cm bin ny b ri ra, lng phun nhin liu s t mc cao nht, v ng c s khng chy mt cch thch hp. Ngoi ra nu gic ni ny b ri ra, ECU ca ng c s chuyn sang ch an ton. (1/1)

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Cm bin v tr bm ga Cm bin v tr bm ga c lp trn c hng gi. Cm bin ny bin i gc m bm ga thnh in p, c truyn n ECU ng c nh tn hiu m bm ga (VTA). Ngoi ra, mt s thit b truyn mt tn hiu IDL ring bit. Cc b phn khc xc nh n lc ti thi im chy khng ti khi in p VTA ny di gi tr chun. Hin nay, c 2 loi, loi tuyn tnh v loi c phn t Hall c s dng. Ngoi ra, u ra 2 h thng c s dng tng tin cy. (1/3)

Tham kho Loi tip im Loi cm bin v tr bm ga ny dng tip im khng ti (IDL) v tip im tr ti (PSW) pht hin xem ng c ang chy khng ti hoc ang chy di ti trng ln. Khi bm ga c ng hon ton, tip im IDL ng ON v tip im PSW ngt OFF. ECU ng c xc nh rng ng c ang chy khng ti. Khi p bn p ga, tip im IDL s b ngt OFF, v khi bm ga m qu mt im xc nh, tip im PSW s ng ON, ti thi im ny ECU ng c xc nh rng ng c ang chy di ti nng. (1/1)

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1. Loi tuyn tnh Nh trnh by trong hnh minh ha, cm bin ny gm c 2 con trt v mt in tr, v cc tip im cho cc tn hiu IDL v VTA c cung cp cc u ca mi tip im. Khi tip im ny trt dc theo in tr ng thi vi gc m bm ga, in p ny c t vo cc VTA theo t l thun vi gc m ca bm ga. Khi bm ga c ng li hon ton, tip im ca tn hiu IDL c ni vi cc cc IDL v E2. gi Cc cm bin v tr bm ga loi tuyn tnh hin nay c cc kiu khng c tip im IDL hoc cc kiu c tip im IDL nhng n khng c ni vi ECU ng c. Cc kiu ny dng tn hiu VTA thc hin vic iu khin nh v pht hin trng thi chy khng ti. Mt s kiu s dng tn hiu ra hai h thng (VTA1, VTA2) tng tin cy. (2/3)

2. Loi phn t Hall Cm bin v tr bm ga loi phn t Hall gm c cc mch IC Hall lm bng cc phn t Hall v cc nam chm quay quanh chng. Cc nam chm c lp trn trc bm ga v quay cng vi bm ga. Khi bm ga m, cc nam chm quay cng mt lc, v cc nam chm ny thay i v tr ca chng. Vo lc , IC Hall pht hin s thay i t thng gy ra bi s thay i ca v tr nam chm v to ra in p ra ca hiu ng Hall t cc cc VTA1 v VTA2 theo mc thay i ny. Tn hiu ny c truyn n ECU ng c nh tn hiu m bm ga. Cm bin ny khng ch pht hin chnh xc m ca bm ga, m cn s dng phng php khng tip im v c cu to n gin, v th n khng d b hng. Ngoi ra, duy tr tin cy ca cm bin ny, n pht ra cc tn hiu t hai h thng c cc tnh cht khc nhau. (3/3)

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Tham kho Hiu ng Hall Hiu ng Hall lm chnh in th ti v tr xy ra dng in vung gc vi t trng, khi mt t trng c t vung gc vi dng in chy trong mt dy dn. Ngoi ra, in p c to ra bi chnh in th ny thay i theo t l vi mt t thng t vo. Cm bin v tr bm ga loi phn t Hall dng nguyn l ny bin i s thay i v tr bm ga (m) nhm thay i mt ca t thng o chnh xc s thay i ca v tr bm ga. (1/1)

Cm bin v tr bn p ga Cm bin v tr ca bn p ga bin i mc p xung ca bn p ga (gc) thnh mt tn hiu in c chuyn n ECU ng c. Ngoi ra, m bo tin cy, cm bin ny truyn cc tn hiu t hai h thng c cc c im u ra khc nhau. C hai loi cm bin v tr bn p ga, loi tuyn tnh v loi phn t Hall. 1. Loi tuyn tnh Cu to v hot ng ca cm bin ny c bn ging nh cm bin v tr bm ga loi tuyn tnh. Trong cc tn hiu t hai h thng ny, mt l tn hiu VPA truyn in p theo ng thng trong ton b phm vi bn p ga. Tn hiu khc l tn hiu VPA2, truyn in p b t tn hiu VPA. Gi khi sa cha: Khng c tho cm bin ny. Vic iu chnh v tr yu cu chnh xc rt cao khi lp t cm bin. V vy, phi thay th c cm bn p ga khi cm bin ny b hng. (1/2)

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2. Loi phn t Hall Cu to v hot ng ca cm bin ny c bn ging nh cm bin v tr bm galoi phn t Hall. m bo tin cy cao hn, phi cung cp mt mch in c lp cho tng h thng mt. (2/2)

Cc b to tn hiu G v NE Tn hiu G v NE c to ra bi cun nhn tnh hiu, bao gm mt cm bin v tr trc cam hoc cm bin v tr trc khuu, v a tn hiu hoc rto tn hiu. Thng tin t hai tn hiu ny c kt hp bi ECU ng c pht hin y gc ca trc khuu v tc ng c. Hai tn hiu ny khng ch rt quan trng i vi cc h thng EFI m cn quan trng i vi c h thng ESA. (1/3)

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Tham kho: Loi t trong b chia in Nh th hin hnh minh ha, loi ny c mt rto tn hiu v cun nhn tn hiu tng ng vi tn hiu G v NE nm trong b chia in. S rng ca rto v s cun nhn tn hiu khc nhau tu theo kiu ng c. ECU c cung cp cc thng tin dng lm tiu chun l, thng tin v gc quay ca trc khuu l tn hiu G, v thng tin v tc ng c l tn hiu NE. (1/1)

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1. Cm bin v tr trc cam (b to tn hiu G) Trn trc cam i din vi cm bin v tr trc cam l a tn hiu G c cc rng. S rng l 1, 3 hoc mt s khc tu theo kiu ng c. (Trong hnh v c 3 rng). Khi trc cam quay, khe h khng kh gia cc vu nh ra trn trc cam v cm bin ny s thay i. S thay i khe h to ra mt in p trong cun nhn tn hiu c gn vo cm bin ny, sinh ra tn hiu G. Tn hiu G ny c chuyn i nh mt thng tin v gc chun ca trc khuu n ECU ng c, kt hp n vi tn hiu NE t cm bin v tr ca trc khuu xc nh TDC (im cht trn) k nn ca mi xi lanh nh la v pht hin gc quay ca trc khuu. ECU ng c dng thng tin ny xc nh thi gian phun v thi im nh la. Gi khi sa cha: Khi ECU ng c khng nhn c tn hiu G t cm bin ny, c kiu xe vn ng c chy v c kiu xe ng c cht my. (2/3)

2. Cm bin v tr ca trc khuu (b to tn hiu NE) Tn hiu NE c ECU ng c s dng pht hin gc ca trc khuu v tc ca ng c. ECU ng c dng tn hiu NE v tn hiu G tnh ton thi gian phun c bn v gc nh la sm c bn. i vi tn hiu G, tn hiu NE c to ra bi khe khng kh gia cm bin v tr trc khuu v cc rng trn chu vi ca rto tn hiu NE c lp trn trc khuu. Hnh minh ha trnh by mt b to tn hiu c 34 rng chu vi ca rto tn hiu NE v mt khu vc c 2 rng khuyt. Khu vc c 2 rng khuyt ny c th c s dng pht hin gc ca trc khuu, nhng n khng th xc nh xem l TDC ca chu k nn hoc TDC ca k x. ECU ng c kt hp tn hiu NE v tn hiu G xc nh y v chnh xc gc ca trc khuu. Ngoi loi ny, mt s b pht tn hiu c 12, 24 hoc mt rng khc, nhng chnh xc ca vic pht hin gc ca trc khuu s thay i theo s rng. V d, Loi c 12 rng c chnh xc v pht hin gc ca trc khuu l 30CA. Gi khi sa cha: Khi ECU ng c khng nhn c tn hiu NE t cm bin ny, ECU ng c xc nh rng ng c ngng chy, lm cho ng c cht my. (3/3)

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Cm bin nhit nc / Cm bin nhit kh np Cm bin nhit nc v cm bin nhit kh np c gn cc nhit in tr bn trong, m nhit cng thp, tr s in tr cng ln, ngc li, nhit cng cao, tr s in cng thp. V s thay i v gi tr in tr ca nhit in tr ny c s dng pht hin cc thay i v nhit ca nc lm mt v khng kh np. Nh c th hin trong hnh minh ha, in tr c gn trong ECU ng c v nhit in tr trong cm bin ny c mc ni tip trong mch in sao cho in p ca tn hiu c pht hin bi ECU ng c s thay i theo cc thay i ca nhit in tr ny. Khi nhit ca nc lm mt hoc kh np thp, in tr ca nhit in tr s ln, to nn mt in p cao trong cc tn hiu THV v THA. 1. Cm bin nhit nc Cm bin nhit nc o nhit ca nc lm mt ng c. Khi nhit ca nc lm mt ng c thp, phi tng tc chy khng ti, tng thi gian phun, gc nh la sm, v.v... nhm ci thin kh nng lm vic v hm nng. V vy, cm bin nhit nc khng th thiu c i vi h thng iu khin ng c. 2. Cm bin nhit kh np Cm bin nhit kh np ny o nhit ca khng kh np. Lng v mt khng kh s thay i theo nhit ca khng kh. V vy cho d lng khng kh c cm bin lu lng kh np pht hin l khng thay i, lng nhin liu phun phi c hiu chnh. Tuy nhin cm bin lu lng kh np kiu dy sy trc tip o khi lng khng kh. V vy khng cn phi hiu chnh. (1/1)

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Cm bin oxy (Cm bin O2) i vi chc nng lm sch kh x ti a ca ng c c TWC (b trung ho kh x 3 thnh phn) phi duy tr t l khng kh-nhin liu trong mt gii hn hp xoay quanh t l khng kh-nhin liu l thuyt. Cm bin oxy pht hin xem nng xy trong kh x l giu hn hoc ngho hn t l khng kh - nhin liu l thuyt. Cm bin ny ch yu c lp trong ng ng x, nhng v tr lp v s lng khc nhau tu theo kiu ng c. Cm bin oxy c mt phn t lm bng ziconi xit (ZrO2), y l mt loi gm. Bn trong v bn ngoi ca phn t ny c bc bng mt lp platin mng. Khng kh chung quanh c dn vo bn trong ca cm bin ny, v pha ngoi ca cm bin l ra pha kh thi. nhit cao (400C hay cao hn), phn t zirconi to ra mt in p nh l do s chnh lch ln gia cc nng ca xy pha trong v pha ngoi ca phn t zirconi ny. Ngoi ra, platin tc ng nh mt cht xc tc gy ra phn ng ha hc gia oxy v ccbon monoxit (CO) trong kh x. V vy, iu ny s lm gim lng oxy v tng tnh nhy cm ca cm bin. Khi hn hp khng kh - nhin liu ngho, phi c oxy trong kh x sao cho ch c mt chnh lch nh v nng ca oxy gia bn trong v bn ngoi ca nguyn t zirconi. Do , phn t zirconi s ch to ra mt in p thp (gn 0V). Ngc li, khi hn hp khng kh - nhin liu giu, hu nh khng c oxy trong kh x. V vy, c s khc bit ln v nng oxy gia bn trong v bn ngoi ca cm bin ny phn t zirconi to ra mt in p tng i ln (xp x 1 V). Cn c vo tn hiu OX do cm bin ny truyn n, ECU ng c s tng hoc gim lng phun nhin liu duy tr t l khng kh - nhin liu trung bnh t l khng kh - nhin liu l thuyt. Mt s cm bin oxy zirconi c cc b sy sy nng phn t zirconi. B sy ny cng c ECU ng c iu khin. Khi lng khng kh np thp (ni khc i, khi nhit kh x thp), dng in c truyn n b sy lm nng cm bin ny. (1/1)

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Cm bin t l khng kh-nhin liu (A/F) Ging nh cm bin oxy, cm bin t l khng kh - nhin liu pht hin nng oxy trong kh x. Cc cm bin oxy thng thng phi lm sao cho in p u ra c xu hng thay i mnh ti gii hn ca t l khng kh - nhin liu l thuyt. Khi so snh, cm bin t l khng kh - nhin liu t mt in p khng thay i nhn c mt in p gn nh t l thun vi nng ca oxy. iu ny lm tng chnh xc ca vic pht hin t l khng kh-nhin liu. Hnh minh ha trnh by mt cm bin t l khng kh-nhin liu c hin th trong my chn on cm tay. Mt mch duy tr in p khng i cc cc AF+ v AF- ca ECU ng c gn trong . V vy, vn k khng th pht hin tnh trng u ra ca cm bin t l khng kh-nhin liu. Hy s dng my chn on ny. Cc c im u ra ca cm bin t l khng kh-nhin liu lm n c th hiu chnh ngay khi c s thay i v t l khng kh-nhin liu, lm cho vic hiu chnh tn hiu phn hi t l khng kh-nhin liu nhanh hn v chnh xc hn. Ging nh cm bin oxy, cm bin t l khng kh - nhin liu cng c mt b sy duy tr hiu sut pht hin khi nhit kh x thp. Tuy nhin b sy ca cm bin t l khng kh - nhin liu cn nhiu in hn cc b sy trong cc cm bin oxy. (1/1) Cm bin tc xe Cm bin tc ca xe pht hin tc thc ca xe ang chy. Cm bin ny truyn tn hiu SPD v ECU ng c s dng tn hiu ny ch yu iu khin h thng ISC v t l khng kh - nhin liu trong lc tng tc hoc gim tc cng nh cc s dng khc. Cc loi MRE (Phn t in tr t) l loi cm bin tc chnh c s dng, nhng hin nay nhiu kiu xe s dng tn hiu SPD t ECU ABS. 1. Loi MRE (1) Cu to Cm bin ny c lp trong hp s, hoc hp s ph, v c dn ng bng bnh rng ch ng ca trc th cp. Nh c th hin trong hnh minh ha, cm bin ny c gn vo v gm c mt HIC (Mch tch hp lai) c mt MRE v cc vng t tnh. (1/2)

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Tham kho Cc loi cm bin tc khc 1. Loi cng tc li g Cm bin ny l ng h loi kim lp trong bng ng h tp l v c mt nam chm do cp ng h tc lm quay nh th hin trong hnh minh ha. Lc t trng bn v tr, m cc nam v cc bc ca nam chm thay i cc v tr, m v ng cc tip im ca cng tc li g ny theo vng quay ca nam chm. Ni khc i, cng tc li g ny ng v m bn ln trong mi vng quay ca cp ng h tc . 2. Loi cm bin quang in Cm bin ny nm trong ng h tp l v c mt cp quang in bao gm mt tranzito quang v mt LED. nh sng do LED pht ra nhiu ln cho php xuyn qua v b che bi vng quay ca mt bnh xe c khe. C 20 khe quanh bnh xe ny. Bnh xe ny to ra 20 tn hiu xung trong mi vng quay ca cp. 3. Loi cm bin in t Cm bin ny c gn vo hp s v pht hin tc quay ca trc th cp ca hp s. Khi trc th cp ca hp s quay, khe h gia li cun dy v rto c gin ra v co li bi cc rng trn rto. iu ny lm tng hoc gim t trng i qua li v sinh ra mt in p AC trong cun dy ny. (1/1) (2) Hot ng in tr MRE s thay i theo chiu ca lc t t vo MRE. Khi chiu ca lc t thay i theo vng quay ca nam chm gn vo vng t tnh ny, u ra ca MRE s c mt dng sng AC nh th hin hnh minh ha. B so trong cm bin ny bin i dng sng AC ny thnh tn hiu s v truyn n i. Tn s ca dng sng ny c xc nh bng s cc ca cc nam chm gn vo vng t tnh. C 2 loi vng t tnh, loi 20 cc v loi 4 cc, tu theo kiu xe. Loi 20 cc sinh ra mt dng sng 20 chu k (ni khc i, 20 xung trong mi vng quay ca vng t tnh ny), v loi 4 cc sinh ra dng sng 4 chu k. Trong mt s kiu xe, tn hiu t cm bin tc i ng h tp l trc khi n ECU ng c, v trong cc kiu xe khc, tn hiu t cm bin tc ny n thng ECU ca ng c. Cc mch ra ca cm bin tc gm c loi in p ra v loi bin tr. (2/2)

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Cm bin ting g Cm bin ting g c gn vo thn my, v truyn tn hiu KNK ti ECU ng c khi pht hin ting g ng c. ECU ng c nhn tn hiu KNK v lm tr thi im nh la gim ting g. Cm bin ny c mt phn t p in, to ra mt in p AC khi ting g gy ra rung ng trong thn my v lm bin dng phn t ny. Tn s ting g ca ng c nm trong gii hn t 6 n 13 kHz tu theo kiu ng c. Mi ng c dng mt cm bin ting g thch hp theo ting g sinh ra bi ng c. C hai loi cm bin ting g. T th chng ta thy, mt loi to ra mt in p cao trong gii hn tn s rung ng hp, v loi kia to ra mt in p cao trong di tn s rung ng rng. Hin nay ngi ta ang dng mt s cm bin pht hin cc mch h v ngn, nh th hin trong hnh minh ha. Trong loi mch ny, in p 2,5V c cung cp lin tc tn hiu KNK cng c truyn i vi mt tn s c bn 2,5V. (1/1) Tn hiu STA (My khi ng) / Tn hiu NSV (cng tc khi ng trung gian) Tn hiu STA (My khi ng) Tn hiu STA c dng pht hin xem c phi ng c ang quay khi ng khng. Vai tr chnh ca tn hiu ny l c s chp thun ca ECU ng c nhm tng lng phun nhin liu trong khi ng c ang quay khi ng. T s mch ta thy, tn hiu STA l mt in p ging nh in p cp n my khi ng. Tn hiu NSW (cng tc khi ng trung gian) Tn hiu ny ch c dng trong cc xe c hp s t ng, v thng dng pht hin v tr ca cn chuyn s. ECU ng c dng tn hiu ny xc nh xem cn gt s c v tr "P" hoc "N" khng hay v tr khc. Tn hiu NSW ch yu c s dng iu khin h thng ISC. (1/1)

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Tn hiu A/C / Tn hiu ph ti in Tn hiu A/C (iu ha khng kh) Tn hiu A/C ny khc nhau tu theo tng kiu xe, nhng n pht hin xem ly hp t tnh ca my iu ha hoc cng tc ca my iu ha khng kh c bt ON khng. Tn hiu A/C ny c dng iu chnh thi im nh la trong sut thi gian chy khng ti, iu khin h thng ISC, ct nhin liu, v cc chc nng khc. Tn hiu ph ti in Tn hiu ph ti in ny c s dng pht hin xem cc n pha, b lm tan sng ca s sau, hoc cc b phn khc c bt khng. Nh c th thy trong s mch in, mch tn hiu ny c vi tn hiu v ph ti in. Tu theo kiu xe, cc tn hiu ny c gp li v chuyn n ECU ng c nh mt tn hiu n, hoc mi tn hiu c chuyn ring n ECU ng c. Cc tn hiu v ph ti in c dng iu khin h thng ISC. (1/1) Bin tr Bin tr ny c dng thay i t l khng kh-nhin liu trong thi gian chy khng ti v iu chnh nng CO khng ti. Bin tr ny c lp trong cc kiu xe khng c cm bin oxy hoc cm bin t l khng kh-nhin liu. Khi vt iu chnh chy khng ti c xoay v pha R, tip im bn trong in tr ny dch chuyn tng in p cc VAF. Ngc li, khi xoay vt iu chnh ny v pha L, in p cc VAF gim xung. Khi tng in p cc VAF, ECU ng c s tng lng phun nhin liu ln mt cht lm cho hn hp khng kh - nhin liu giu ln mt t. Gi y: Khi cm bin lu lng kh np kiu cnh c vt iu chnh hn hp khng ti thn ca n, s khng cn bin tr cho d khng c cm bin oxy. (1/1)

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Cc tn hiu thng tin lin lc Cc tn hiu lin lc c truyn i gia cc ECU khc nhau v c dng iu chnh cho nhau. 1. Tn hiu lin lc ca h thng TRC (iu khin lc ko) Cc tn hiu m bm ga (VTA1 v VTA2) c o bng cc cm bin v tr bm ga chnh v ph v c chuyn n ECU iu khin trt t ECU ng c. Ngc li, tn hiu TR c truyn n ECU ng c t ECU iu khin trt thng bo rng vic iu chnh lc ko ang hot ng. Khi ECU iu khin trt truyn tn hiu TR, ECU ng c thc hin cc loi hiu chnh lin quan n vic iu chnh lc ko, nh l lm chm thi im nh la. 2. Tn hiu lin lc ABS (H thng phanh chng kha cng) Tn hiu ny c truyn i khi h thng ABS ang lm vic. N c s dng iu khin vic ct nhin liu v, khi cn thit, gim tc dng hm ca ng c. 3. Tn hiu lin lc ca h thng EHPS (H thng li c tr lc in-thu lc) Khi nhit nc lm mt hoc tc ca ng c cc k thp, m t bm kiu cnh gt ca h thng EHPS s hot ng, n c th gy ra mt ti trng ln my pht in. trnh iu ny, ECU ca h thng li tr lc truyn tn hiu ny n ECU ng c ISC tng tc chy khng ti ln. 4. Tn hiu lin lc ca h thng iu khin chy xe t ng Tn hiu ny c s dng yu cu lm chm thi im nh la, v c truyn n ECU ng c t ECU iu khin chy xe t ng. 5. Tn hiu v tc ng c Tn hiu v tc ca ng c l tn hiu NE, v c a vo ECU ng c. Sau , dng sng ca n c sa n c th truyn n ECU iu khin con trt, v v.v... 6. Tn hiu lin lc ca h thng m kho kho ng c ECU ng c lin lc vi ECU cha thu pht hoc b khuych i cha thu pht m bo rng ng c ch c th c khi ng bng mt cha kha c cng ID nh c ng k trong ECU ng c hoc ECU cha thu pht. Khi c khi ng ng c bng mt cha kha khc vi cha c ID ng k, ECU ng c ngn chn vic phun nhin liu v nh la trnh vic khi ng ng c. 7. Tn hiu v gc m bm ga Tn hiu gc m bm ga (VTA t cm bin v tr bm ga do ECU ng c x l v sau c kt hp vi cc tn hiu L1, L2 v L3 c truyn n ECU ECT. ECU iu khin h thng treo, v cc h thng khc. 8. Cc tn hiu lin lc ca h thng thng tin a chiu i vi cc tn hiu lin lc t (1) n (8) ch cn chuyn v nhn cc tn hiu ca cc ECU thng tin khc nhau. Trong cc xe s dng h thng thng tin a chiu, ECU ng c, ECU ca A/C, ECU chng trm, ng h tp l, v v.v... gn quanh ECU trung tm v ECU thn xe. iu ny cho php cc tn hiu cm bin cn thit cho ECU nhn c qua mt ECU khc khng lin quan vi tn hiu ny trong mng thng tin. ECU ng c cng c th nhn c cc tn hiu cm bin cn thit t mt ECU khc hoc c ng c th chuyn theo cc tn hiu cn thit cho cc ECU khc thng qua cc cc MPX1 v MPX2 ca n. (1/1)

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Cc loi khc 1. Cng tc n phanh Tn hiu t cng tc n phanh c s dng pht hin hot ng ca phanh. in p ca tn hiu STP cng l in p cung cp cho n phanh nh th hin hnh minh ha. 2. Cm bin nhit kh EGR Cm bin nhit kh EGR c lp bn trong van EGR v s dng mt nhit in tr o nhit kh EGR. 3. Cng tc hoc gic ni iu chnh nhin liu Cng tc hoc gic ni iu chnh nhin liu thng bo cho ECU ng c v xng ang c s dng l loi bnh thng hoc xng cht lng cao hn. Gi y: Mt s kiu xe s dng gic ni iu chnh nhin liu thay cho cng tc iu chnh nhin liu. u ni ny s c ni khi s dng xng cht lng cao hn, v tho ra khi s dng xng bnh thng. Trong cc kiu xe khc, vic ny c lm ngc li. i vi thng tin v v tr ca gic ni hoc phng php chuyn mch xng bnh thng/cht lng cao hn, hy tham kho sch hng dn ca ch s dng. (1/4) 4. Cng tc nhit nc Cng tc nhit nc c gn vo thn my, v bt ON khi nhit nc lm mt tr nn cao. 5. Cng tc li hp Cng tc ly hp di bn p khp ly hp v pht hin xem bn p khp ly hp c phi l ang c p xung hon ton. 6. Cm bin HAC (B cao ln) Cm bin HAC ny pht hin s thay i ca p sut kh quyn. Cu to v hot ng cng ging nh cm bin p sut ng ng np. Cm bin ny i khi trong ECU ng c, v i khi bn ngoi n. Khi xe chy ni c cao ln, p sut kh quyn gim khi t trng khng kh gim. Do cc ng c EFI kiu L, tr nhng loi c cm bin lu lng kh np kiu dy sy, thng lm cho hn hp khng kh - nhin liu giu ln. Cm bin HAC b cho lch ny trong t l khng kh-nhin liu. (2/4)

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7. Cm bin p sut hi nhin liu Cm bin p sut hi o p sut hi nhin liu trong bnh nhin liu. Cu to v hot ng c bn ca cm bin ny ging nh cm bin p sut ng ng np. Khng ging nh c im u ra ca cm bin , tuy nhin cm bin p sut hi ny c th pht hin nhng thay i nh v p sut hi. 8. Cm bin p sut tng p Cm bin p sut tng p pht hin p sut tng p c tua bin tng p np vo (p sut ng ng np). Cu to v hot ng c bn ca cm bin ny ging nh ca cm bin p sut ng ng np. Nu p sut ng ng np trong b np kh kiu tuabin tng p tr nn cc k cao, ECU ng c s ct cung cp nhin liu bo v ng c. 9. Cng tc p sut du Tn hiu ca cng tc p sut du c s dng xc nh p sut du ng c thp. Tn hiu p sut du ny c s dng iu khin h thng ISC. Khi p sut du thp, vic bi trn v lm mt cc b phn ca ng c s b cn tr. Do , ECU ng c s tng tc chy khng ti, v.v..., hi phc p sut du n mc bnh thng. (3/4) 10.Cng tc tng tc Cng tc tng tc ny cng c gi l cng tc bm ga m hon ton, v n c trc tip lp bn di tm sn ca bn p ga. (4/4)

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Cc chn on Khi ECU ng c lu gi mt DTC (m chn on h hng) trong b nh, DTC ny phi c kim tra v phi tin hnh cc vic sa cha. DLC c mt cc SIL nm trong DLC3, cc ny ni trc tip vi ECU ng c c dng khi cn hin th DTC trn mn hnh my chn on cm tay. Cc cc TE1, TE2, E1, TC v CG lm cho n MIL nhp nhy. (1/1)

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Bi tp
Hy s dng cc bi tp ny kim tra mc hiu bit ca bn v cc ti liu trong chng ny. Sau khi tr li mi bi tp, bn c th dng nt tham kho kim tra cc trang lin quan n cu hi v dng in. Khi cc bn c cu tr li ng, hy tr v vn bn duyt li ti liu v tm cu tr li ng. Khi tr li ng mi cu hi, bn c th chuyn sang chng tip theo.

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Cu hi- 1 Nhng cu sau y lin quan n mch in ca h thng iu khin ng c. Hy chn v nh du ng hoc Sai cho mi cu. No. Cu hi ng hoc Sai Cc cu tr li ng 1. Ngun in khng i (BATT) ca mch in ngun c chc nng d ng tr khi mch ngun ny khng bnh thng. Sai 2.Tu theo cc kiu xe, cquy lun cung cp in cho ECU ng c thm ch khi tt kho in OFF. 3.Cc im ni mt ca tt c cc cm bin v b chp hnh u c tip mt sn xe gn cc b phn ny. 4.Cc VC cung cp in p khng i 5V c to ra trong ECU ng c cho ngun in ca cm bin. 5.Mi cm bin c mt mch ngun t ECU ng c hoc c quy lm vic. ng ng ng ng Sai Sai Sai Sai

Cu hi- 2
Nhng cu sau y lin quan n cm bin lu lng kh np kiu dy sy. Hy nh du ng hoc Sai cho mi cu.
STT Cu hi ng hoc Sai Cc cu tr li ng

1. N c bn tuyt ho v khng c cc c im c hc c bit. 2.N c cu to n gin v c mt cm bin quang hc. 3.N o th tch khng kh np bng dy sy. 4.N o khi lng khng kh np bng dy sy.

ng ng ng ng

Sai Sai Sai Sai

Cu hi- 3
Nhng cu sau y lin quan n cm bin v tr bm ga. Hy chn cu ng. 1. Cm bin v tr bm ga truyn tn hiu VTA dn dn theo gc m ca bm ga. 2. i vi cm bin v tr bm ga khng c tip im IDL, ECU ng c s s dng tn hiu VTA thc hin vic iu khin bit v pht hin trng thi chy khng ti. 3. i vi cm bin v tr bm ga khng c tip im IDL, ECU ng c nhn tn hiu IDL t cc ECU khc iu khin. 4. i vi cm bin v tr bm ga khng c tip im IDL, ECU ng c xc nh v tr 0V ca tn hiu VTA nh trng thi chy khng ti.

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Cu hi- 4
Nhng cu sau y lin quan n b to tn hiu G v NE. Hy nh du ng hoc Sai cho mi cu.
STT Cu hi ng hoc Sai Cc cu tr li ng

1. Tn hiu G c chuyn n ECU ng c nh thng tin v gc chun ca trc khuu. Tn hiu NE c chuyn n ECU ng c nh tn hiu v tc ng 2. c. 3.ng c c th tip tc n my, thay th tn hiu G d cho tn hiu NE mt. 4.Khi tn hiu G mt, c cc kiu xe, ng c n my, v mt kiu xe ng c s cht my.

ng ng ng ng

Sai Sai Sai Sai

Cu hi- 5
Nhng cu sau y lin quan n cm bin nhit nc v cm bin nhit kh np. Hy chn cu no l ng. 1. Cm bin nhit nc c bt m khi nhit nc lm mt tr nn cao. 2. Cm bin nhit kh np o t trng ca khng kh np. 3. Khi mch in ca nhit in tr lp trong mch b h, in p cc ca cm bin trong ECU ca ng c s l 0V. 4. Khi nhit ca nc lm mt hoc khng kh np thp, in p cc ca cm bin trong ECU ca ng c tr nn cao. Ngc li in p cc ca cm bin tr nn thp khi nhit cao.

Cu hi- 6
Nhng cu sau y lin quan n cm bin tc . Hy chn cu no l ng. 1. Cm bin tc ny o tc quay ca trc khuu ca ng c. 2. Trong cm bin tc kiu MRE, tn hiu SPD c bin i thnh tn hiu s trong ng h tp l. 3. Mt s kiu xe dng tn hiu SPD ca ECU ABS nh l tn hiu tc . 4. Tn hiu tc ny chy qua ng h tp l m bo iu khin ng h tc xe.

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