O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG

LI M AU
Hien nay , do s phat trien cua cac nghanh cong
nghiep tao ra cac san pham phuc vu con ngi , ong thi
cung tao ra mot lng chat thai vo cung ln lam pha v
can bang sinh thai gay o nhiem moi trng nghiem
trong .
Trong cac loai o nhiem , o nhiem khong kh anh
hng trc tiep en con ngi , ong vat , thc vat va
cac cong trnh xay dng . Sc khoe va tuoi tho con ngi
phu thuoc rat nhieu vao o trong sach cua moi trng . V
vay , trong nhng nam gan ay o nhiem khong kh t
cac nghanh san xuat cong nghiep nc ta ang la van
e quan tam khong ch cua nha nc ma con la cua
toan xa hoi bi mc o nguy hai cua no a len en
mc bao ong .
SO
2
la mot trong nhng chat o nhiem khong kh c
san sinh nhieu trong cac nghanh san xuat cong nghiep va
sinh hoat . Viec x ly SO
2
co nhieu phng phap khac nhau .
Phng phap nao c ap dung e x ly tuy thuoc vao
hieu qua va tnh kinh te cua phng phap . V vay , o an
mon hoc vi nhiem vu thiet ke thap em hap thu SO
2
la
mot trong nhng phng an ghop phan vao viec x ly kh
thai o nhiem .
Trong o an nay se i khao sat mot phng an : X
ly SO
2
bang phng phap hap thu vi dung moi la nc .
Nham tm hieu xem qua trnh x ly co at hieu qua va
kinh te khong , e co the a vao he thong x ly kh
thai trong cac nghanh san xuat cong nghiep va sinh hoat .
Noi dung khao sat : thiet ke thap em x ly SO
2
vi
nang suat 2000m
3
/h , nong o SO
2
trong dong kh au vao
la 1% the tch , nong o SO
2
trong dong kh au ra at tieu
chuan loai A (1500mg/m
3
) thai vao moi trng .
Em xin chan thanh biet n co Cao Th Nhung , cac thay
co bo mon May & Thiet b a tan tnh hng dan va tao
moi ieu kien thuan li cho em hoan thanh o an mon
hoc nay .
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
1
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
CHNG I
M AU
PHAN A . TONG QUAN VE KH SO
2

I.1. Tnh chat hoa ly SO
2
:
SO
2
la chat kh khong mau, mui kch thch manh, de
hoa long, de hoa tan trong nc ( ieu kien bnh thng
1 the tch nc hoa tan 40 the tch SO
2
) . Khi hoa tan trong
nc tao thanh dung dch sunfur va ton tai 2 dang : chu
yeu la SO
2
.nH
2
O va phan nho la H
2
SO
3
.
SO
2
co nhiet o nong chay 75
0
C va nhiet o soi
10
0
C .
Nguyen t S trong phan t SO
2
co cap electron hoa tr
t do linh ong va trang thai oxy hoa trung gian (+4) nen
SO
2
co the tham gia phan ng theo nhieu kieu khac nhau:
- Cong khong thay oi so oxy hoa :
SO
2
+ H
2
O = H
2
SO
3
-Thc hien phan ng kh :
SO
2
+ 2CO
C
o
500
2CO
2
+ S
-Thc hien phan ng oxy hoa :
SO
2
+
2
1
O
2

o
t
O V
5 2
SO
3
SO
2
+ Cl
2
+ H
2
O = H
2
SO
4
+ HCl
Trong moi trng khong kh , SO
2
de b oxy hoa va
bien thanh SO
3
trong kh quyen . SO
3
tac dung vi H
2
O trong
moi trng am va bien thanh acid hoac muoi sunfat .
Chung se nhanh chong tach khoi kh quyen va ri xuong
gay o nhiem moi trng at va moi trng nc .
I.2. Tac hai cua kh SO
2
:
-SO
2
trong kh thai cong nghiep la mot thanh phan
gay o nhiem khong kh. Nong o cho phep kh SO
2
co trong
moi trng xung quanh chung ta la rat nho(<300mg/m
3
). No
anh hng rat nhieu en sc khoe, cac hoat ong cua
con ngi, cung nh ong vat, thc vat va bau kh quyen .
-oi vi con ngi va ong vat : khi ht phai kh SO
2
co the gay ra cac benh ve ng ho hap nh: viem phe
quan, viem phoi, gian phoi , suy tim , hen xuyen . . . . Neu
ht phai SO
2
vi nong o cao co the gay t vong .
-oi vi vat lieu va cong trnh xay dng :
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
2
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
+ Kh SO
2
co kha nang bien thanh acid sunfuric , la
chat phan ng manh . Do o chung lam h hong , lam
thay oi tnh nang vat ly hay thay oi mau sac cac vat
lieu xay dng nh a voi , a hoa , a cam thach . . . cung
nh pha hoai cac san pham ieu khac , cac tng ai .
+ Sat , thep ,cac kim loai khac , cac cong trnh
xay dng cung de dang b g , b an mon hoa hoc va
ien hoa .
- oi vi thc vat :
+ Kh SO
2
xam nhap vao cac mo cua cay va
ket hp vi nc e tao thanh acid sunfur gay ton thng
mang te bao va lam giam kha nang quang hp cua cay .
Cay cham ln , vang ua va chet .
+ Kh SO
2
lam cay coi cham ln , nhieu benh
tat , chat lng giam, hieu qua thu hoach kem .
- Ma acid : kh SO
2
trong kh quyen khi gap cac chat oxy
hoa hay di tac ong cua nhiet o, anh sang chung
chuyen thanh SO
3
nh O
2
co trong khong kh . Khi gap H
2
O ,
SO
3
ket hp vi nc tao thanh H
2
SO
4
. ay chnh la nguyen
nhan tao ra cac cn ma acid ma thiet hai cua ma acid gay
ra la rat ln. Ma acid lam tang tnh acid cua trai at , huy
diet rng va mua mang , gay nguy hai oi vi sinh vat
nc , oi vi ong vat va ca con ngi . Ngoai ra , con
pha huy cac nha ca, cong trnh kien truc bang kim loai
b an mon . . . Neu H
2
SO
4
co trong nc ma vi nong o
cao se lam bong da ngi hay lam muc nat ao quan .
I.3. Cac nguon tao ra SO
2
:
- Kh SO
2
tao ra la do s ot chay cac hp chat cha
lu huynh hay nguyen t lu huynh .
V du : cac hp chat hu c cha lu huynh trong than ,
dau mo, quang Pirit (FS
2
) , hi ot cha nhieu kh H
2
S , cac
quang sunfua . . .
- Kh SO
2
la loai chat gay o nhiem pho bien nhat
trong san xuat cong nghiep va sinh hoat . Nguon thai SO
2
chu yeu t :
+ Cac nha may nhiet ien .
+ Cac lo nung , noi hi ot bang nhien lieu than
a , kh ot , dau hoa va kh ot co cha lu huynh .
+ SO
2
sinh ra t cac nghanhsan xuat cong nghiep
: nha may loc dau , nha may luyen kim , lo uc , nha
may san xuat H
2
SO
4
. . .
+ Kh thai giao thong .
I.4. Cac phng an x ly SO
2
:
I.4.1. Phng phap hap thu :
e hap thu SO
2
ta co the s dung nc, dung dch
hoac huyen phu cua muoi kim loai kiem hoac kiem tho.
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
3
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
+ Hap thu bang nc:
SO
2
+ H
2
O < ===== > H
+

+ HSO
3
-
Do o hoa tan cua SO
2
trong nc thap nen phai can
lu lng nc ln va thiet b hap thu co the tch ln.
+ Hap thu bang huyen phu CaCO
3
u iem cua phng phap nay la quy trnh cong
nghe n gian chi ph hoat ong thap, chat hap thu de tm
va re, co kha nang x ly ma khong can lam nguoi va
x ly s bo.
Nhc iem: thiet b ong can do tao thanh CaSO
4
va CaSO
3
.
+ Phng phap Magie (Mg):
SO
2
c hap thu bi oxit hydroxit magie, tao
thanh tinh the ngam nc Sunfit magie .
u iem : lam sach kh nong , khong can loc s
bo, thu c san pham tan dung la H
2
SO
4
; MgO de kiem
va re , hieu qua x ly cao .
Nhc iem :van hanh kho, chi ph cao ton nhieu
MgO.
+ Phng phap kem : trong phng phap nay chat hap
thu la kem
SO
2
+ ZnO + 2,5 H
2
SO
4
------> ZnSO
3
+ H
2
O
u iem :cua phng phap nay la kha nang x
ly nhiet o cao (200 250
0
C) .
Nhc iem : co the hnh thanh ZnSO
4
lam cho
viec tai sinh ZnO bat li ve kinh te nen phai thng
xuyen tach chung va bo sung them ZnO.
+ Hap thu bang chat hap thu tren c s Natri :
u iem : cua phng phap nay la ng dung
chat hap thu hoa hoc khong bay, co kha nang hap thu
ln .
+ Phng phap Amoniac : SO
2
c hap thu bi dung dch
Amoniac hoac dung dch Sunfit-biSunfit amon .
u iem : cua phng phap nay la hieu qua cao,
chat hap thu de kiem , thu c san pham can thiet
(Sunfit va biSunfit amon) .
+ Hap thu bang hon hp muoi nong chay:
X ly nhiet o cao dung hon hp Cacbonat kim
loai kiem co thanh phan nh sau:
LiCO
3
32%, Na
2
CO
3
33%, K
2
CO
3
35%.
+ Hap thu bang cac Amin thm :
e hap thu SO
2
trong kh thai cua luyen kim mau
(nong o SO
2
khoang 1-2% the tch) .
Ngi ta s dung dung dch:
C
6
H
3
(CH
3
)
2
NH
2
(t le C
6
H
3
(CH
3
)
2
NH
2
: nc = 1- 1) .
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
4
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
C
6
H
3
(CH
3
)
2
NH
2
khong tron lan vi nc nhng khi lien
ket vi SO
2
tao thanh (C
6
H
3
(CH
3
)
2
NH
2
)
2
SO
2
tan trong nc .
I.4.2. Phng phap hap phu :
SO
2
c gi lai tren be mat chat ran , thu c dong
kh sach khi i qua be mat ran .
Chat hap phu cong nghiep c ban la than hoat tnh ,
silicagen , zeonit va ionit (chat trao oi ion) .
Nhc iem : can thiet phai tai sinh chat hap phu e
thu hoi cau t b hap phu va phuc hoi kha nang hap phu
cua chat hap phu . Chi ph tai sinh chiem khoang 40 70%
tong chi ph cua qua trnh lam sach kh .
I.4.3. X ly SO
2
bang phng phap nhiet va xuc tac :
Ban chat cua qua trnh xuc tac e lam sach kh la
thc hien cac tng tac hoa hoc , nham chuyen hoa tap
chat oc thanh san pham khac vi s co mat cua chat
xuc tac at biet .
PHAN B. QUI TRNH CONG NGHE
I.5. Chon qui trnh cong nghe :
Chon nguon x ly kh la t ong khoi cua nha may
san xuat acid H
2
SO
4
. Kh c x ly s bo trc khi vao
thap .
Chon dung moi hap thu la nc v nc la dung moi
hap thu re tien , de tm , khong an mon thiet b .
Thap hap thu la thap em nen dung moi hap thu la
nc sach e khong tao ra can lang lam can tr dong kh
va long .
I.6. Thuyet minh qui trnh cong nghe :
Dong kh thai t nha may thai ra c x ly s bo .
Sau o c quat thoi qua lu lng ke o lu lng va i
vao thap em thc hien qua trnh hap thu . Thap hap thu
lam viec nghch dong .
Dung moi hap thu la nc . Nc sach t be cha
c bm len bon cao v . Sau o i qua lu lng ke o lu
lng dong chay va i vao thap hap thu , nc c chay
t tren xuong . Kh SO
2
c thoi t ay thap len , qua
trnh hap thu c thc hien .
Kh sau khi hap thu at TCVN c thai phat tan ra moi
trng . Dung dch nc sau khi hap thu c cho chay vao
be cha thc hien qua trnh trung hoa va thai ra moi
trng .


SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
5
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG

CHNG II
TNH TOAN CONG NGHE
II.1. Cac thong so ban au :
Lu lng kh thai : 2000 m
3
/h .
Nong o SO
2
ban au la 1% the tch .
Nong o SO
2
sau khi x ly at tieu chuan loai A :1500
mg/m
3
.
Chon nhiet o cua nc hap thu la 30
o
C .
II.2. Tnh can bang vat chat :
Phng trnh can bang cua dung dch hap thu SO
2
bang
H
2
O c bieu dien theo nh luat Henri :
P = H*x hoac y
*

t
P
H

=m*x .
Trong o :
y
*
: nong o phan mol cua SO
2
trong dong kh ieu
kien can bang .
x : nong o phan mol kh hoa tan trong pha long .
P : ap suat rieng phan cua cau t kh hoa tan khi can
bang .
P
t
: ap suat tong cua he hap thu .
H : he so Henry .
30
o
C : H = 0.0364*10
6
(mmHg) . [2,Bang IX.1,p.139]
m : he so phan bo .
m =
t
P
H
=
760
10 * 0364 . 0
6
=47.894
y =
Y
Y
+ 1
x =
X
X
+ 1
Thay vao tren ta c :
*
*
1 Y
Y
+
=m *
X
X
+ 1
Suy ra : Y
*
=
X m
mX
) 1 ( 1 +
=
X
X
) 894 . 47 1 ( 1
* 894 . 47
+

Trong o :
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
6
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
X :
Y :
T phng trnh ng can bang ta co cac so lieu
ng can bang:
X 0 0.000
08
0.00
01
0.000
13
0.000
15
0.000
18
0.00
02
0.000
25
0.00
03
Y
*
0 0.003
8
0.00
48
0.006
3
0.007
2
0.008
7
0.00
97
0.012
1
0.01
46
T so lieu ng can bang ta ve ng can bang :
oThCan Bang Cua Dung Dch Hap Thu SO
2
Bang
nc
0
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004
X
Y
*
Nong o the tch ban au cua dong kh :
y

= 1% = 0.01
Nong o au cua pha kh theo ty so mol :
Y

=
d
d
y
y
1
= 0.0101 (KmolSO
2
/Kmolkhtr)
Nong o cuoi cua pha kh theo ty so mol :
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on Thanh Thy Trang
7
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
Y
c
=
K
K mol at lit
at
m lit m
mol g
g
o
o
) 30 273 (
) . / . ( 082 . 0
1
* ) / ( 10 * ) ( 1
) / ( 64
1
* ) ( 5 . 1
3 3 3
+
Y
c
=0.000582 (KmolSO
2
/Kmolkhtr)
Hap thu SO
2
bang nc , chon dung moi sach khi vao
thap nen : X

= 0 .
Vi X

: nong o au cua pha long , KmolSO
2
/KmolH
2
O .
Lng dung moi toi thieu c s dung :
d
c d
tr
X X
Y Y
G
L

*
min
G
tr
: suat lng dong kh tr trong hon hp .
X
*
: nong o pha long can bang tng ng vi X

.
T o th ng can bang ta xac nh c :
X
*
= 0.00021 (KmolSO
2
/KmolH
2
O)
Suy ra :
0 00021 . 0
000582 . 0 0101 . 0
min

tr
G
L
= 45.324
Chon L
tr
= 1.2*L
min
Vi L
tr
: lng dung moi khong oi khi van hanh , kmol/h
.
Suy ra :
tr tr
tr
G
L
G
L
min
* 2 . 1
= 1.2*45.324 = 54.3888
Lu lng hon hp kh vao thap hap thu :
G
hh
=
496 . 80
) 30 273 ( * 082 . 0
2000 * 1

RT
PV
(Kmol/h)
Suat lng dong kh tr trong hon hp :
G
tr
= G
hh
*(1-y

) = (1-0.01)*80.496 = 79.691 (Kmol/h)
Suat lng dung moi lam viec :
L
tr
= 54.3888*G
tr
= 54.3888*79.691 = 4334.298
(KmolH
2
O/h)
Phng trnh can bang vat chat co dang ;
G
tr
*Y

+ L
tr
*X

= G
tr
*Y
c
+ L
tr
*X
c
Suy ra :
d c
c d
tr
tr
X X
Y Y
G
L

Suy ra : X
c
=
tr
tr
c d
G
L
Y Y
= 000175 . 0
3888 . 54
000582 . 0 0101 . 0

(molSO
2
/KmolH
2
O)
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
8
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
Gtr Y
G tr Yc L tr X
L tr Xc
X
c
: nong o cuoi cua pha long .
.3. Can Bang Nang Lng :
Ky hieu :
G

, G
c
lng hon hp kh au va cuoi.
L
,
L
c
- lng dd au va cuoi.
t
c ,
t
c
nhiet o kh ban au va cuoi , C
o
.
T
,
T
c
nhiet o dung dch au va cuoi , C
o
.
I

, I
c
entanpi hon hp kh ban au va cuoi , kj/kg .
Q
0
nhiet mat mat , kj/h .
Phng trnh can bang nhiet lng co dang :
G

+ L

+ Q
s
= G
c
I
c
+ L
c
C
c
T
c
+ Q
0
Vi Q
s
nhiet lng phat sinh do hap thu kh , kj/h .
e n gian hoa van e tnh toan , ta co the gia
thiet nh sau :
- Nhiet o mat mat ra moi trng xung quanh
khong ang ke ,
Q
0
= 0 .
- Nhiet o cua hon hp kh ra khoi thap bang
nhiet o dung dch vao thap : t
c
= t

= 30
0
C .
- Ty nhiet cua dung dch khong oi trong suot
qua trnh hap thu : C

= C
c
= C
O H
2
.
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on Thanh Thy Trang
9
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
Gtr Y
G tr Yc L tr X
L tr Xc Gtr t I
Gc tc Ic L C T
Lc Cc Tc
Trong qua trnh hap thu co the phat sinh nhiet , do o
neu ky hieu q la nhiet phat sinh cua 1 mol cau t b hap
thu , th ta co :
Q
s
= q * L
tr
* (X
c
X

)
Vi mc o gan ung co the coi q khong oi trong
suot qua trnh hap thu:
( )
c c c c d c tr d d d d
T C L I G X X L q T C L I G * * * * * * * * + + +
Hoac :
( )
d c
c c
c c d d
d
c
d
c
X X
C L
L q
C L
I G I G
t
L
L
T +

+
*
*
*
* *
*
V lng cau t hoa tan trong dung dch nho nen co
the lay :
1
c
d
L
L
ong thi ta cung co the bo qua mc o bien oi
nhiet cua pha kh , tc la :
0 . .
c c d d
I G I G
Nh vay , cong thc tnh nhiet o cuoi T
c
cua dung
dch se co dang nh sau :

( )
d c
c
tr
d c
X X
C L
L q
T T +
*
*
Do lng cau t hoa tan trong dung dch nho nen : L

=
L
c
= L
tr

( )
d c d c
X X
C
q
T T +
Phng trnh hap thu cua SO
2
trong dung moi nc .
SO
2
+ H
2
O

H
+
+ HSO
3
-
Theo so tay hoa ly , nhiet sinh cua :
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
10
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
SO
2
:
2
SO

= -70.96 (kcal/mol) .
H
2
O :
O H
2

= - 68.317 (kcal/mol) .
H
+
: +

H
= 0 (kcal/mol) .
HSO
3
-
:

3
HSO
= -12157.29 (kcal/mol) .
Nhiet phat sinh cua 1 mol cau t SO
2
b hap thu :
q = (-70.96 - 68.317) ( 0 12157.29) = 12018.013
(kcal/mol) .
Nhiet o cuoi cua dung dch ra khoi thap :

( )
d c d c
X X
C
q
T T +
= 30 + 000175 . 0 *
18 * 4200
10 * 18 . 4 * 013 . 12018
3
= 30.12
o
C
Nh vay : T
c

T

= 30
o
C .
Ta xem qua trnh hap thu la ang nhiet .
II.4. Tnh kch thc thap hap thu :
II.4.1. Cac thong so vat ly cua dong kh :
- Lu lng kh trung bnh i trong thap hap thu :
2
c d
ytb
V V
V
+

V
d
, V
c
lu lng kh vao va ra khoi thap , m
3
/h .
V
c
= V
tr
* ( 1 + Y
c
)
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 . 1981 000582 . 0 1 * 01 . 0 1 * 2000 1 * 1 * + +
c d d
Y y V
(m
3
/h)
Suy ra : V
ytb
= 6 . 1990
2
2 . 1981 2000

+
(m
3
/h) .
KLR trung bnh cua pha kh :
( ) [ ]
T
M y M y
tb tb
ytb
* 4 . 22
273 * * 1 *
2 1 1 1
+

Trong o :
+ M
1
, M
2
: Khoi lng mol cua SO
2
va khong kh .
+ T : nhiet o lam viec trung bnh cua thap hap thu .
T = 30
0
C
+ y
tb1
: nong o phan mol cua SO
2
lay theo gia tr trung
bnh.

2
1 1
1
c d
tb
y y
y
+

Vi y
d1
, y
c1
: nong o phan mol cua SO
2
vao va ra khoi
thap .
01 . 0
1

d d
y y
00058 . 0
000582 . 0 1
000582 . 0
1
1

+

c
c
c
c
Y
Y
y
Suy ra : 00529 . 0
2
00058 . 0 01 . 0
1

+

tb
y
+ M
1
= M
SO
2
= 64 (g/mol)
M
2
= M
kkh
= 28.8 (g/mol)
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
11
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
Suy ra :
ytb

=
( ) [ ]
( )
166 . 1
30 273 * 4 . 22
273 * 8 . 28 * 00529 . 0 1 64 * 00529 . 0

+
+
kg/m
3
o nht trung bnh pha kh ( cua hon hp kh ) :

2
2 2
1
1 1
* *

M m M m M
hh
hh
+
+ M
hh
, M
1
, M
2
: khoi lng phan t cua hon hp kh ,
cua SO
2
va khong kh , kg/kmol .
M
1
=
2
SO
M
= 64 (kg/kmol)
M
2
=

M
kk
= 28.8 (kg/kmol) .
( ) ( ) 986 . 28 8 . 28 * 00529 . 0 1 64 * 00529 . 0 * 1 *
2 1 1 1
+ + M y M y M
tb tb hh

(kg/kmol) .
+ m
1
, m
2
: nong o cua SO
2
, khong kh tnh theo phan
he tch.
m
1
= y
tb1
= 0.00529
m
2
= 1 y
tb1
= 0.99471
+ 30
0
c :

2
=
kk
= 0.0182*10
-3
(kg/m.s) .

1
=
2
SO

= 0.0128*10
-3
(kg/m.s) .
Thay vao ta c :

3 3
10 0182 . 0
99471 . 0 8 . 28
10 0128 . 0
00529 . 0 0 . 64 986 . 28

hh

Suy ra :
5
10 81 . 1


hh
(kg/m.s) .
-Lu lng khoi lng pha kh trung bnh :

2
c d
ytb
G G
G
+
, kg/s
G
d
, G
c
: lu lng kh vao va ra khoi thap , kg/s .
0101 . 0 64 691 . 79 8 . 28 691 . 79 * * *
2
+ +
d SO tr tr tr d
Y M G M G G
= 2346.6 (kg/h) = 0.652 (kg/s) .
000582 . 0 64 691 . 79 8 . 28 691 . 79 * * *
2
+ +
c SO tr tr tr c
Y M G M G G
= 2298.1 (kg/h) = 0,638 (kg/s) .
Suy ra :
645 . 0
2
638 . 0 652 . 0

ytb
G
(kg/s) .
II.4.2. Cac thong so vat ly cua dong long :
- V
xtb
: lu lng dong long trung bnh .
Do lng cau t hoa tan trong dung dch nho , xem qua
trnh hap thu khong lam thay oi ang ke the tch nen :

tr
tr tr tr xtb
M L V V

1
* *
Vi :
tr

la khoi lng rieng cua nc 30

0
C .

tr

= 995 (kg/m
3
) .
M
tr
: khoi lng phan t cua H
2
O , kg/kmol .
L
tr
: lu lng nc , kmol/h .
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
12
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
Suy ra :
41 . 78
995
1
18 298 . 4334
xtb
V
m
3
/h
- Khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha long :

( )
2 1 1 1
* 1 *
tb tb tb tb xtb
V V +
[2, IX.104, 183]
1 tb

,
2 tb

: khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua SO

2
, H
2
O trong
pha long .
1 tb
V
, V
tb2
: the tch trung bnh cua SO
2
, H
2
O trong pha long.
Do lng SO
2
hoa tan trong dung dch nho nen : V
tb1
0 .

995
2
2

O H tb xtb

(kg/m
3
) .
- o nht trung bnh cua pha long :
Do lng cau t SO
2
hoa tan trong dung dch nho nen
co the xem :

3
10 8007 . 0
2

O H xtb

(kg/m.s) .
- Lu lng khoi lng trung bnh cua pha long :

2
xc xd
xtb
G G
G
+

xd
G
,
xc
G
: lu lng khoi lng dong long vao va ra
khoi thap .
67 . 21
3600
1
* 18 * 298 . 4334 *
tr tr xd
M L G (kg/s) .

( )
3600
64 * 000175 . 0 * 298 . 4334 18 * 298 . 4334
* * *
2
+
+
SO c tr tr tr xc
M X L M L G
= 21.68 (kg/s) .
Suy ra : G
xtb
= 675 . 21
2
67 . 21 68 . 21
2

+

+
xc xd
G G
(kg/s) .
II.4.3. Tnh ng knh thap hap thu :
Toc o bat au tao nhu tng , con goi la toc o
ao pha W
s
(m/s ) c xac nh theo cong thc :

8
1
4
1
16 . 0
3
2
'
* ) ( * 75 . 1
* *
* *
lg

,
_

1
1
]
1

,
_

xtb
ytb
y
x
n
x
xtb d
ytb d s
G
G
A
V g

Vi :
+ G
x
, G
y
: lu lng dong long va kh trung bnh , kg/s .
G
x
= G
xtb
= 21.675 (kg/s) .
G
y
= G
ytb
= 0.645 (kg/s) .
+

xtb
,

ytb
: khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha long va
kh .

xtb
= 995 (kg/m
3
) .

ytb
= 1.166 (kg/m
3
) .
+
x
: o nht trung bnh pha long theo nhiet o trung
bnh .

x
=
xtb
= 0.8007 10
-3
(kg/m.s) .
+
n
: o nht cua nc 20
0
C .
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
13
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG

n
= 1.005*10
-3
(kg/m.s) .
A : he so , A = 0.022 .
Chon em vong Raschig bang s , kch thc em
50 50 5 mm . Cac thong so cua em :

d
: be mat rieng cua em .

d
= 95 m
2
/m
3

V
d
: the tch t do cua em .
V
d
= 0.79 m
3
/m
3
d

: khoi lng rieng xop cua em .

d
= 600 kg/m
3
Thay so vao ta c :
lg
8
1
4
1
16 . 0
3
3
3
2
995
166 . 1
*
645 . 0
675 . 21
* 75 . 1 022 . 0
10 * 005 . 1
10 * 8007 . 0
*
995 * 79 . 0 * 81 . 9
166 . 1 * 95 * '

,
_

,
_

1
1
]
1

,
_

s
W

Suy ra :
s

= 0.57 (m/s) .
Chon toc o lam viec :
513 . 0 9 . 0
'

s tb

(m/s) .
ng knh thap c xac nh theo cong thc :

17 . 1
513 . 0 3600
6 . 1990 4
3600
4

tb
tb
V
D
(m) .
Chon D = 1.2 m
II.4.4. Xac nh chieu cao mot n v chuyen khoi :
-Chieu cao tng ng mot n v truyen khoi :

L G Y
h
l
m
h h +

Trong o :
h
G
: chieu cao mot n v truyen khoi tng ng
pha kh , m .
h
L
: chieu cao mot n v truyen khoi tng ng
pha long , m .
m : he so goc ng can bang
l : lng dung moi tieu ton rieng , l =
tr
tr
G
L
-h
G
va h
L
c xac nh da vao cac cong thc thc
nghiem sau :

3
2
25 . 0
Pr Re
y y
t
G
a
V
h

5 . 0 25 . 0
3
2
Pr Re 256
x x
x
x
L
h

,
_

Vi : V
t
= 0.79 m
3
/m
3
, la the tch t do cua em .
= 95 m
2
/m
3
, la be mat rieng cua em .
a la he so phu thuoc dang em , em vong
Raschig a = 0.123 .
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
14
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG

x
=

xtb
= 995 kg/m
3
, la khoi lng rieng pha long
.

x
=
xtb
= 0.8007 10
-3
(kg/m.s) .
Cac cong thc chuan so Re
y
, Pr
y
cho pha kh va Re
x
, Pr
x
cho pha long c tnh nh sau :

y
y
y
G

4 . 0
Re

x
x
x
L

04 . 0
Re

y y
y
y
D

Pr

x x
x
x
D

Pr
ay :
+ G
y
, L
x
la toc o khoi lng cua kh va long tng
ng mot n v tiet dien ngang cua thap , kg/m
2
.s .
Tiet dien ngang cua thap : 1304 . 1
4
2 . 1
4
2 2

D
F
t

(m
2
) .
5706 . 0
1304 . 1
645 . 0

t
ytb
y
F
G
G
(kg/m
2
.s) .

17 . 19
1304 . 1
67 . 21

t
xtb
x
F
G
L
(kg/m
2
.s) .
+
y
= 1.81*10
-5
kg/m.s , la o nht pha kh .
+

y
=

ytb
= 1.166 kg/m
3
la khoi lng rieng pha kh .
+ D
x
, D
y
: la he so khuech tan trong pha kh va trong
pha long , m
2
/s .
II.4.4.1. He so khuech tan trong pha long :

( )
6 . 0 '
5 . 0 12
*
* * 10 * 4 . 7
A
B
x
V
T M
D

, m
2
/s . [4,(2-41),27]
Trong o: M
B
la khoi lng mol cua dung moi , M
B
=
18
2

O H
M
(kg/kmol)
la he so ket hp cho dung moi , = 2.6
cho dung moi la nc .
T = 273 + 30 = 303
0
K , nhiet o khuech tan .
V
A
= 44.8 cm
3
/mol , la the tch mol cua dung
chat .
: la do nht cua dung dch .

=
8007 . 0
2

O H

(Cp) .
Suy ra :
( )
9
6 . 0
3 . 0 12
10 * 9568 . 1
8 . 44 * 8007 . 0
303 * 18 * 6 . 2 10 * 4 . 7

x
D (m
2
/s)
II.4.4.2. He so khuech tan trong pha kh
2
1
2
3
1
3
1
2
3
7
1 1
*
* 10 * 3 . 4

,
_

,
_

B A
B A
y
M M
V V P
T
D
[4,(2-36),25] .
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
15
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
Trong o : T = 273 +30 = 303
0
K
P = 1 at , Ap suat khuech tan .
M
A
, M
B
: la khoi lng mol kh SO
2
va khong kh
.
M
A
=
2
SO
M
= 64 (kg/kmol) .
M
B
= M
kk
= 28.8 (kg/kmol) .
V
A
, V
B
: the tch mol cua SO
2
va cua khong kh
.
V
A
= 44.8 (cm
3
/mol) .
V
B
= 29.9 (cm
3
/mol) .
The vao ta c :

5
2
1
2
3
1
3
1
2
3
7
10 148 . 1
8 . 28
1
64
1
9 . 29 8 . 44 * 1
303 * 10 * 3 . 4

,
_

,
_

y
D
(m
2
/s) .
II.4.4.3. Tnh Re
x
, Re
y ,
Pr
x
, Pr
y
:

9 . 4
10 * 8007 . 0 * 95 * 1304 . 1
67 . 21 * 04 . 0 04 . 0
Re
3

x t
x
x
F
G


67 . 64
10 * 81 . 1 * 95 * 1304 . 1
645 . 0 4 . 0
4 . 0
Re
5

y t
y
y
F
G


24 . 411
10 * 9568 . 1 * 995
10 * 8007 . 0
Pr
9
3

x x
x
x
D

352 . 1
10 * 148 . 1 * 166 . 1
10 * 81 . 01
Pr
5
5

y y
y
y
D

II.4.4.4. Tnh he so tham t :

-U
tt
=
t
x
F
V
la mat o ti thc te , (m
3
/m
2
.h) .
Trong o : V
x
= V
xtb
= 78.41 (m
3
/h) .
F
t
= 1.1304 (m
2
) .

Suy ra :

365 . 69
1304 . 1
41 . 78

tt
U
(m
3
/m
2
h) .
-Mat o ti thch hp U
th
:
U
th
= B.

d
, (m
3
/m
2
h) .
B = 0.158 (m
3
/m.h) [2,bang IV.6,177]

d

= 95 m
2
/m
3
Suy ra : U
th
= 0.158*95 = 15.01 (m
3
/m
2
h) .
Vay :
62 . 4
01 . 15
365 . 69

th
tt
U
U

Da vao o th hnh IX.16 [ 2.178 ] , ta chon = 1 e
dung moi tham t eu len em .
II.4.4.5. Tnh h
G
, h
L

SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
16
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
1016 . 0 352 . 1 67 . 64
95 1 123 . 0
79 . 0
Pr Re
3
2
25 . 0
3
2
25 . 0

y y
t
G
a
V
h

(m) .

5 . 0 25 . 0
3
2
3
5 . 0 25 . 0
3
2
24 . 441 9 . 4
995
10 8007 . 0
256 Pr Re 256

,
_

,
_

x x
x
x
L
h

= 0.6922 (m) .
II.4.4.6. Tnh chieu cao mot n v chuyen khoi :
h
Y
= h
G L
h
l
m
+

T o th ng can bang ta xac nh c he so
goc ng can bang ( ) X f Y

la : m = 48.3
Vi :
38 . 54
000175 . 0
000582 . 0 0101 . 0

c
c d
tr
tr
X
Y Y
G
L
G
L
l
Suy ra : 716 . 0 6922 . 0
38 . 54
3 . 48
1016 . 0 +
Y
h (m) .
II.4.5. Xac nh so n v truyen khoi m
Y
:
Do cau t SO
2
hoa tan trong dung dch khong dang ke
nen dung dch hap thu kha loang , phng trnh tnh m
Y
co
dang nh sau :

1 . 9

d
Y
Yc
Y
Y Y
dY
m
(m) .
Bang so lieu tnh tch phan :
i Yi Xi Y* Yi-Y* 1/(Y-Y*)
0
0.0005
82
9.1931E-
11
4.4029E-
09
0.00058
2
1718.226
06
1
0.0010
58
8.7501E-
06
0.000419
25
0.00063
87
1565.799
71
2
0.0015
34 1.75E-05
0.000838
84
0.00069
5
1438.926
26
3 0.0020 2.625E- 0.001258 0.00075 1331.683
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
17
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
1 05 77 09 38
4
0.0024
86 3.5E-05
0.001679
05
0.00080
66
1239.847
72
5
0.0029
62
4.375E-
05
0.002099
67
0.00086
18
1160.326
39
6
0.0034
37 5.25E-05
0.002520
64
0.00091
68
1090.802
49
7
0.0039
13
6.125E-
05
0.002941
96
0.00097
13
1029.506
1
8
0.0043
89 7E-05
0.003363
62
0.00102
56
975.0618
34
9
0.0048
65
7.875E-
05
0.003785
63
0.00107
95
926.3847
53
10
0.0053
41 8.75E-05
0.004207
99
0.00113
3
882.6075
12
11
0.0058
17
9.625E-
05
0.004630
7
0.00118
62
843.0284
25
12
0.0062
93 0.000105
0.005053
76
0.00123
9
807.0737
15
13
0.0067
69
0.000113
75
0.005477
16
0.00129
15
774.2696
43
14
0.0072
45
0.000122
5
0.005900
91
0.00134
37
744.2216
13
15
0.0077
21
0.000131
25
0.006325
02
0.00139
55
716.5983
13
16
0.0081
96 0.00014
0.006749
47
0.00144
69
691.1195
12
17
0.0086
72
0.000148
75
0.007174
28
0.00149
8
667.5465
87
18
0.0091
48
0.000157
5
0.007599
43
0.00154
88
645.6750
71
19
0.0096
24
0.000166
25
0.008024
94
0.00159
92
625.3287
61
20 0.0101 0.000175
0.008450
8
0.00164
92
606.3549
92
II.4.6. Chieu cao cot em can thiet cho qua trnh hap thu :

5 . 6 1 . 9 716 . 0
Y Y d
h m H
m
Chieu cao tong cong cua thap :
H = 15 . 9 4 . 0 8 . 0 2 325 . 0 4 . 0 2 5 . 6 + + + + m
II.5. Tnh tr lc cua lp em :
-Ton that ap suat cua em kho :

2 4 2
2 '
3
' 2
'
y y
d
d t
y
td
k
V
H
d
H
P

Trong o : H = 6.5 m , la chieu cao lp em .

la he so tr lc cua em , bao gom ca

tr lc do ma sat va tr lc cuc bo , phu thuoc chuan so
Re
y
:

y d
y td y
y
V
d W

'
Re
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
18
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
Re
y
> 40 : che o xoay , 2 . 0
'
Re
16
y

Re
y
< 40 : che o dong ,
y
Re
140
'

Vi :
y
= 1.166 kg/m
3
V
d
= 0.79 m
3
/m
3

y
= 1.81 10
-5
kg/m.s
d
td
=
95
79 . 0 4 4

d
d
V

= 0.0154 (m) , la ng knh tng

ng cua em .
W

y
= 0.513 m/s , toc o cua dong kh tren toan bo
tiet dien thap .
Suy ra :
6 . 678
10 81 . 1 79 . 0
166 . 1 0154 . 0 513 . 0
Re
5

y
V Re
y
> 40 nen :
343 . 4
6 . 678
16
2 . 0
'

Nh vay , thay so ta c :
5 . 500
2
166 . 1 513 . 0
79 . 0
95 5 . 6
4
343 . 4
2
3

k
P (N/m
2
) .
-Ton that ap suat cua lp em t :

1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

,
_

+
c
y
x
n
x
y
m
y
x
k v
G
G
A P P

1
Trong o : G
x
, G
y
: la lu lng cua dong long va dong
kh , kg/s .
G
x
= G
xtb
= 21.675 kg/s
G
y
= G
ytb
= 0.645 kg/s

x
,
y
: khoi lng rieng cua dong long va
dong kh ,

x
= 995 kg/m
3

y
= 1.166 kg/m
3

x
= 0.8007 10
-3
kg/m.s

y
= 1.81 10
-5
kg/m.s
Do :
2 . 0 8 . 1

,
_

,
_

,
_

y
x
x
y
y
x
G
G

= 1.4 > 0.5

Theo [2,bang(IX.7),189] ta co : A = 10 , n = 0.525 , m=0.945
, c = 0.105
Thay so vao ta c :

1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

,
_

105 . 0
5
3
525 . 0 945 . 0
10 81 . 1
10 8007 . 0
995
166 . 1
645 . 0
675 . 21
10 1 5 . 500
u
P

= 6468.37 (N/m
2
) .
Chon
u
P
= 6500 N/m
2
= 0.065 10
5
(N/m
2
) .
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
19
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
=-=-=-=-=
CHNG III
TNH TOAN C KH
III.1 Tnh chieu day than thap :
Thiet b lam viec moi trng an mon , nhiet o
lam viec 30
0
C , P
mt
= 1 at = 0.1 N/m
2
. Nen ta chon vat lieu la
thep khong r e che tao thiet b .
Chon thep : X18H10T .
- ng suat cho phep tieu chuan oi vi thep X18H10T
30
0
C :
[]
*
= 146 N/mm
2
[9,hnh1-2,22]
he so hieu chnh = 1 [9,26]
ng suat cho phep la :
[] = 1 146 = 146 N/mm
2
- Ap suat tnh toan :
h g P P
lv tt
+
P
lv
: ap suat lam viec cua moi trng .
P
lv
= P

=
5
10 065 . 0 (N/m
2
) .
h : chieu cao cot chat long .
h = 8.425 m
Suy ra : 091 . 0 425 . 8 995 81 . 9 10 065 . 0
5
+
tt
P N/mm
2
Chon he so ben moi han
h
= 0.95
Do :
[ ]
2 . 1524 95 . 0
091 . 0
146

h
P

> 25
Nen be day toi thieu cua than tru han chu ap
suat c tnh theo :

[ ]
4 . 0
95 . 0 146 2
091 . 0 1200
2
'

h
t
P D
S

mm
- He so bo sung be day C , mm :
C = C
a
+ C
0
+ C
b
+ C
c
Trong o :
C
a
: la he so bo sung do an mon hoa hoc
cua moi trng .
Thi han s dung la 20 nam , toc o an
mon la 0.1mm/ nam . Vay : C
a
= 0.1 20 = 2
(mm) .
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
20
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
C
b
: la he so bo sung do bao mon c hoc
cua moi trng .
oi vi TB hoa chat : C
b
= 0 (mm) .
C
c
la he so bo sung do sai lech khi che tao ,
lap rap , co the bo qua .
C
0
la he so bo sung e quy tron kch
thc , mm
C
0
= 1 mm
Thay vao ta c : C = 2 + 0 + 1 = 3 (mm) .
- Be day thc cua than tru :
S = S + C = 0.4 + 3 = 3.4 (mm) .
Chon be day than S = 4 (mm) .
- Kiem tra ieu kien :
1 . 0

t
a
D
C S
Suy ra :
1 . 0 00167 . 0
1200
2 4

: thoa ieu kien .

- Ap suat tnh toan cho phep ben trong thiet b :
[P] =
) (
) ( * * ] [ * 2
a t
a h
C S D
C S
+

[9,(5-11),131]
[P] =
462 . 0
) 2 4 ( 1200
) 2 4 ( * 95 . 0 * 146 * 2

(N/mm
2
) > 0.091 (N/mm
2
) ,
thoa ieu kien .
Vay chieu day than c chon la S = 4 (mm) .
III.2. Tnh chieu day ay , nap :
- Chon ay nap elip tieu chuan .
- Chon chieu day ay , nap bang chieu day than .
S
n
= S

= S
than
= 4 (mm) .
- Kiem tra ieu kien :
125 . 0

t
a
D
C S
Suy ra : 1 . 0 00167 . 0
1200
2 4

25 : thoa ieu kien .

- Kiem tra ap suat d cho phep tnh toan theo cong
thc :
[P] =
) (
) ( * * ] [ * 2
a t
a h
C S R
C S
+

[9,(6-5),166]
ay nap elp tieu chuan R
t
= D
t
= 1200 (mm) .
[P] =
462 . 0
) 2 4 ( 1200
) 2 4 ( * 95 . 0 * 146 * 2

(N/mm
2
) > 0.091 (N/mm
2
) ,
thoa ieu kien .
III.3. Tnh ong dan long , ong dan kh :
III.3.1. Tnh ong dan kh vao thap :
ng knh ong dan kh :
d =
V
Q
*
* 4

, (m)
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
21
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
Trong o :
Q : lu lng the tch cua kh , m
3
/s .
Q = 2000 m
3
/h
V : van toc dong kh , m/s .
oi vi kh ap lc nho , chon V = 18 (m/s) .
Vay d =
18 *
3600
2000
* 4

= 0.198 (m) .
Chon d = 200 (mm) .
Vi d = 200(mm) , van toc dong kh trong ong dan :
V =
2
*
* 4
d
Q

=
2
2 . 0 *
3600
2000
* 4

=17.68 (m/s) .
III.3.2. Tnh ong dan kh ra khoi thap :
Chon ng knh ong dan kh ra khoi thap bang ng
knh ong dan kh vao thap . d = 200(mm) .
III.3.3. Tnh ong dan long vao thap :
ng knh ong dan long :
d =
V
Q
*
* 4

, (m)
Trong o :
Q : lu lng dong long , m
3
/s .
Q = V
xtb
= 78.41 (m
3
/h) .
V : van toc dong long , m/s .
oi vi nc ap lc nho , chon V = 1.25 (m/s)
.
Vay d =
25 . 1 *
3600
41 . 78
* 4

= 0.149 (m) .
Chon d = 150 (mm) .
Vi d = 150(mm) , van toc dong long trong ong dan :
V =
2
*
* 4
d
Q

=
2
15 . 0 *
3600
41 . 78
* 4

=1.23 (m/s) .
III.3.4. Tnh ong dan long ra khoi thap :
Chon ng knh ong dan long ra khoi thap bang
ng knh ong dan long vao thap . d = 150(mm) .
III.4. Tnh bch ghep than thap :
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
22
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
Dt
D2
D4
Dtb
D1
Db
D
Chon bch lien khong co bang thep e noi than thap
.
ng knh trong thiet b : D
t
= 1200 mm .
ng knh ngoai cua bch : D = 1340 mm .
ng knh tam bu long : D
b
=1290 mm .
ng knh mep vat : D
1
=1260 mm .
ng knh bu long : d
b
= 20 (M 20 ) .
So bu long : Z = 32 cai .
Chieu cao bch : h =25 mm .
Theo [2 , bangXIII.31 , 433] ta co kch thc be mat
em :
D
2
= 1230 (mm) .
D
4
= 1254 (mm) .
Chon vat lieu che tao bch la thep CT
3
.
Ap suat moi trng trong thiet b :
p = 0.091 (N/mm
2
) .
III . 4 . 1 . Kiem tra bu long ghep bch :
a . Lc nen chieu truc sinh ra do xiet bu long :
Q
1
= Q
a
+ Q
k
.
Trong o :
Q
a
_ lc do ap suat trong thiet b gay nen
Q
a
=
4

* D
t
2
* p ( N ) .
Q
k
_ lc can thiet e gi c kn trong em ( N ) .
Q
k
=

* D
tb
* m * p .
Co the viet lai :
Q
1
=
4

* D
t
2
* p +

*D
tb
* b
0
* m * p [ 9 , ( 7 1 ) , 191 ] .
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
23
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
Trong o :
+ p_ ap suat moi trng trong thiet b , N/mm
2
p = 0.091 N/mm
2
+ D
t
: ng knh tromg thiet b , mm
D
t
= 1200 mm .
+ D
tb
: ng knh thiet b cua em ,mm .
D
tb
= D
1
2 *
2
b
Vi b_be rong thc cua em , b = 12
2
1230 1254
2
2 4

D D

mm .
The vao , ta c : D
tb
=1260 12 = 1248 mm
+ b
0
_be rong tnh toan cua em
b
0
= ( 0.5

0.8 ) b . chon b
0
= 0.5* b = 6 (mm) .
Chon vat lieu em la amiang co be day
o

= 3 mm do
moi trng co tnh an mon .
Theo [9,bang(7-2),192] ,ta co :
M = 2.0 , he so ap suat rieng .
q
o
= 10 N/mm
2
, ap suat rieng can thiet lam bien
dang deo em .
Thay vao ta c :
Q
1
= 091 . 0 * 1200 *
4
2

* 1248*6*2*0.091 = 1.1 * 10
5
(N) .
b . Lc can thiet e ep chat em ban au :
Q
2
=

* D
tb
* b
o
* q
o
=

* 1248 *6 *10 = 2.35 *10

5
(N) .
c . Lc tac dung len mot con bulong :
q
b
=
Z
Q
Z
Q Q
Z
Q
2 2 1
) , max(
= 75 . 7343
32
10 * 35 . 2
5
(N) .
d. Tnh ng knh bulong :
d
b
= 1.13 *
bl
b
q
] [
Trong o : [
bl
]
= k
o
* [ bl
'
]
[ bl
'
] : ng suat cho phep cua vat lieu lam bulong ,
N/mm
2
.
T = 30
o
C , theo [9,bang(7-5),194] ,ta co [ bl
'
] = 89.5
(N/mm
2
) .
Chon k
o
= 0.5 , ta co :
d
b
= 1.13 *
5 . 89 * 5 . 0
75 . 7343
= 14.5 (mm) 14 (mm) , thoa ieu
kien [9,bang(7-7),193].
d
b
= 14.5 (mm) < 20 (mm) , thoa ieu kien ben .
III.4.2 . Kiem tra chieu day bch :
Be day bch lien c xac nh theo cong thc sau :
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
24
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
t = 0.61 * d
b
*
2 1
2
1
) ( *
] [
* * 7 . 0 * [
*
] [
b bi
d
D P
Z
l
l
k

+
] , [9,(7-9),195] .
Trong o :
l
1 ,
l
2
: canh tay on cua momen gay uon bch .
l
1
= 15
2
1260 1290
2
1

D D
b
(mm) .
l
2
=
2
4 1200 1290
2

S D D
t b
= 43 (mm) .
P : ap suat cua moi trng , N/mm
2
.
P = 0.091 (N/mm
2
) .
d
b
: ng knh ngoai cua bulong , mm .
d
b
= 20 (mm)
[
]
: ng suat cho phep cua bulong tho dung e
ghep bch , N/mm
2
.
[
]
= 45 N/mm
2
[9,hnh(7-6),197] .
bi

: ng suat cho phep cua bch , N/mm

2
.
bi

=112.375 (N/mm
2
) , [9,bang(7-6),198] .
ai lng

= (1 -
] 1 )
* 2
)[(
2
1
2
2
1
+

D
l D
l
l
b
+ 0.2*
2
1
l
l
= (1 -
] 1 )
1260
43 * 2 1290
)[(
43
15
2
+

+ 0.2*
43
15
= 1.32
Bch khong co :
k = 1 +
] 1 ) ( )
* 2
1 ( [
* 2
2 2
2
+
t
S
D
l
D
D
l
D
b t
t
= 1 + ] 1 )
4
( )
1290
43 * 2
1 (
1200
1340
[
43 * 2
1200
2
+
t
=1.589 +
2
26 . 223
t
Thay vao ta c :
t = 0.61 * 20
2
2
)
20
1260
(
45
091 . 0
* 32 . 1 * 7 . 0 32 *
43
15
[
)
26 . 223
589 . 1 ( * 375 . 112
45
+
+
t
t = 0.61 * 20 *
2
26 . 223
589 . 1
4399 . 7
t
+
Suy ra : t = 23.59 (mm) < 25 (mm) , thoa ieu kien ben .
Vay chon chieu day bch t = h = 25 (mm) la thoa ieu
kien ben .
III.5. Tnh bch noi ng ong dan long vi than va
ong dan kh vi than :
III.5.1. Bch noi ng ong dan long vi than :
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
25
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
Chon bch lien bang kim loai en e noi ong dan long
vi than .
ng knh trong ong dan long , D
y
= 150 mm.
ng knh ngoai ong dan long , D
n
= 159 mm.
ng knh ngoai cua bch , D = 260 mm .
ng knh tam bulong D
t
= 225 mm.
ng knh bulong d
b
= 16 mm (M16).
So bulong Z = 8 con .
Be day bch t = 16 mm .
III.5.2. Bch noi ong dan kh vi than :
Chon bch lien bang kim loai en .
ng knh trong ong dan kh , D
y
= 200 mm.
ng knh ngoai ong dan kh , D
n
= 219mm.
ng knh ngoai cua bch , D = 290 mm .
ng knh tam bulong D
t
= 255 mm.
ng knh bulong d
b
= 16 mm (M16).
So bulong Z = 8 con .
Be day bch t = 16 mm .
III.6. Tnh li em va a phan phoi long :
III.6.1. Tnh li em :
Chon vat lieu lam em la thep hp kim X18H10T . Cac
thanh co tiet dien ch nhat , 1 canh co be rong b =10
mm .
ng knh trong thap : D
t
= 1200 mm .
ng knh li em : D
l
=1165 mm.
Chieu rong bc li : b
l
= 22 mm .
So thanh em n =
95 . 52
22
1165

l
l
b
D
Chon n = 52 thanh .
Dien tch li em :
S
l
=

2
*
4
l
D

2
1165 *
4

= 1065421.625 (mm
2
) .
Tong khoi lng ma li phai chu :
m = m
1
+ m
2

Trong o :
m
1
: khoi lng vat chem kho .
m
2
: khoi lng cua dung dch .
m
1
= V

*
d

Vi :
d

= 500 kg/cm
2
, khoi lng rieng xop cua
em .
V

: the tch cua em .
V

=
2
* *
4
2
d
t
H
D

Suy ra : m
1
=
2
* *
4
2
d
t
H
D

*
d

=
500 *
2
5 . 6
* 165 . 1 *
4
2

= 2077.57 (kg) .
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
26
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
m
2
= V
dd
*
dd

= (1 V

)
2
* *
4
2
d
t
H
D

*
dd

= (1 0.79) *
33 . 861 995 *
2
5 . 6
* 165 . 1 *
4
2

(kg) .
Vay m = m
1
+ m
2
= 2077.57 + 861.33 = 2938.9 (kg) .
Tai trong ma li em chu theo mot n v dien tch :
P =
625 . 1065421
81 . 9 * 9 . 2938 *

l
S
g m
= 0.027 (N/mm
2
) .
Tai trong ma mot thanh phai chu tnh theo n v chieu
dai :
q =
l
D
n
P
*
=
52
027 . 0
*1165 = 0.6049 (N/mm) .
tren ta chon thanh dai nhat e tnh ben v theo
nguyen tac cac thanh ngan hn se ben neu thanh dai
nhat ben . e n gian ta xet thanh dai nhat tren a ,
chu lc phan phoi eu 2 goi 2 au .
Mat cat nguy hiem tai B .
Mx
max
=
8
*
2
l
D q
Kiem tra ben nhan to trang thai ng suat n :
max
max
max
* y
J
Mx
x
z

[12,(6-34),111] .
=
2
*
max
h
J
Mx
x
Vi J
x
=
12
*
3
h b
[12,(6-17a),105] .
Thay vao ta c :
2
max
max
*
* 6
h b
Mx
z
=
2
2
* * 8
* * 6
h b
D q
l
Theo ieu kien ben :
max z

[
]

2
2
* 10 * 8
1165 * 6049 . 0 * 6
h
146

h 20.54
Vay chon chieu day thanh la 25 (mm) .
III.6.2. a phan phoi long :
Chon a phan phoi long loai 1 .
Theo [2,bang IX.22,230] ta co kch thc cua a phan
phoi long nh sau:
ng knh a : D
d
= 750 (mm) .
ng knh ong dan long : d = 44.5 (mm) .
Chieu day ong dan long : S = 2.5 (mm) .
Chieu cao ong : 50 (mm) .
Khoang cach t chan ong en ranh : 10 (mm) .
Bc ong t = 70 (mm) .
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
27
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
So lng ong : 91 ong .
Chieu day a loai 1 : 5 (mm) .
Chon vat lieu lam a la thep CT
3
.
III.7. Chan va tai treo :
III.7.1. Khoi lng ay thap :
m

= (F

F
l
)*

*S
Trong o :

: khoi lng rieng cua thep X18H10T dung lam ay

nap .

= 7900 (kg/m
3
) [2,bang XII.7,313]
S : be day ay thap S = 4 (mm) .
F

=1.66(m
2
) , dien tch ay thap .
F
l
: dien tch lo ay noi ong dan long .
F
l
=
2
*
4
l
D

, D
l
: ng knh ong dan long .
The vao ta co :
m

= (1.66 -
4

* 0.15
2
)* 7900 * 4 * 10
-3
= 51.824 (kg) .
III.7.2. Khoi lng nap thap :
m
n
= (F
n
-F
ln
)*

* S
Trong o :

: khoi lng rieng cua thep X18H10T dung lam nap

thap .

= 7900 (kg/m
3
) [2,bang XII.7,313]
S : be day nap thap S = 4 (mm) .
F
n


=1.66(m
2
) , dien tch nap thap .
F
ln
: dien tch lo nap noi ong dan kh .
F
ln
=
2
*
4
k
D

, D
k
: ng knh ong dan kh .
The vao ta co :
m
n
= (1.66 -
4

* 0.2
2
)* 7900 * 4 * 10
-3
= 51.4638 (kg) .
III.7.3. Khoi lng than thap :
m
t
= V
than
*

The tch cua than thap :

V
than
= F
t
* S = [ S D D H D
l k
* ] *
4
*
4
* *
2 2


= {
3 2 2
10 * 4 * ] 15 . 0 *
4
2 . 0 *
4
2 . 8 * 2 . 1 *



= 0.1234 (m
3
) .
Vay m
t
= 7900 * 0.1234 = 974.86 (kg) .
III.7.4. Khoi lng em kho :
m
dk
= 2 * m
1
Vi : m
1
: khoi lng vat chem kho ma 1 li phai
.
Suy ra : m
dk
= 2 * 2077.57 = 4155.14 (kg) .
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
28
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
III.7.5. Khoi lng dung dch :
m
dd
= 2 * m
2

Vi m
2
: khoi lng dung dch 1 tang em .
m
dd
= 2 * 861.33 = 1722.66 (kg) .
III.7.6. Khoi lng bch noi than ay va than nap :
m
bch
= 2 * D [ *
4

2
(D
t
+ 2*S)
2
] * t *
b

Trong o :
b

: khoi lng rieng cua thep CT

3
dung lam bch .
b

= 7850 (kg/m
3
) [2,bangXII.7,313]
D = 1.34 (m) , ng knh ngoai cua bch .
D
t
= 1.2 (m) , ng knh trong cua thap .
t = 25 (mm) , be day bch .
Vay m
bch
= 2 *
4

* [1.34
2
(1.2 + 2*4*10
-3
)
2
] * 25 * 10
-3
*
7850
= 103.63 (kg) .
III.7.7. Khoi lng bch noi ong dan long vi than :
m
dl
=
D [ *
4

2
(D
y
+ 2*S
l
)
2
] * t *
b

Trong o :
b

: khoi lng rieng cua thep CT

5
dung lam bch .
b

= 7850 (kg/m
3
) [2,bangXII.7,313]
D = 260 (mm) , ng knh ngoai cua bch .
D
y
= 150 (mm) , ng knh trong cua ong dan long .
t = 16 (mm) , be day bch .
S
l
= D
n
D
y
= 159 150 = 9 (mm) .
Vay m
dl
=
4

* [0.26
2
(0.15 + 2 * 9 * 10
-3
)
2
] * 16 * 10
-3
* 7850
= 3.88 (kg) .
III.7.8. Khoi lng bch noi ong dan kh vi than :
m
dk
= D [ *
4

2
(D
y
+ 2*S
k
)
2
] * t *
b

Trong o :
b

: khoi lng rieng cua thep CT

3
dung lam bch .
b

= 7850 (kg/m
3
) [2,bangXII.7,313]
D = 290 (mm) , ng knh ngoai cua bch .
D
y
= 200 (mm) , ng knh trong cua ong dan kh .
t = 16 (mm) , be day bch .
S
k
= D
n
D
y
= 219 200 = 19 (mm) .
Vay m
dk
=
4

* [0.29
2
(0.2 + 2 * 19 * 10
-3
)
2
] * 16 * 10
-3
* 7850
= 2.7 (kg) .
III.7.9. khoi lng li em :
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
29
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
m
li
= 2 *
4 . 0 * ) * * *
4
(
2

h D
l

Trong o :
b = 10 (mm) , h = 25 (mm) : be rong va be dai
thanh em .
D
l
= 1165 (mm) .
7850
(kg/m
3
) .
Vay m
li
= 2 * (
4 . 0 * ) 7850 * 025 . 0 * 165 . 1 *
4
2

= 168.34 (kg) .
III.7.10. Khoi lng a phan phoi long :
m
a
= 2*
4

*(D
d
2
91*d
2
)*

* t
Trong o :
D
d
= 750 (mm) , ng knh a .
n = 91 , so ong .
d = 44.5 (mm) , ng knh trong ong dan long .
t = 5 (mm) .
Vay m
a
= 2*
*
4

[0.75
2
91*0.0445
2
] * 7850 *5 * 10
-3
= 23.57
(kg) .
III.7.11. Tong khoi lng toan thap hap thu :
m = m

+ m
n
+ m
t
+ m
dk
+ m
dd
+ m
bch
+ m
dl
+ m
dk
+ m
l
+ m
a
=
= 51.824 + 51.4638 + 974.86 + 4155.14 + 1722.66 +
103.63 + 3.88 +
+ 2.7 + 168.34 + 23.57 = 7258.1 (kg) .
III.7.12. Tai trong thap :
P = 7258.1 * 9.81 = 71201.67 (N) .
Chon thap co 4 chan va 4 tai treo .
Tai trong at len 1 chan :
G =
4
P
= 17800.42 (N)

1.8 * 10
4
Chon tai trong at len 1 chan : G = 2.5 * 10
4
(N) >
1.8 *10
4
(N) .
Theo [2,bang XIII.35,437] ta co kch thc chan :
L = 250 (mm) .
B = 180 (mm) .
B1 = 215 (mm).
B2 = 290 (mm) .
H = 350 (mm).
h = 185 (mm) .
S = 16 (mm) .
l = 90 (mm) .
d = 27 (mm) .
Theo [2,bang XIII.36,438] ta co kch thc tai treo :
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
30
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
L = 150 (mm) .
B = 120 (mm) .
B1 = 130 (mm).
H = 215 (mm).
S = 8 (mm) .
l = 60 (mm) .
d = 30 (mm) .
a = 20 (mm) .
=-==-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-==-==-=-=-=-==-=-=-=-=-==-=-=-
==-=-=-=-=--=--=
CHNG 4
TNH TOAN THIET B PHU
IV.1. Tnh bon cao v :
Viet phng trnh Bernoulli cho mat thoang cua bon cao
v (mat cat 1 ) va au ra ong dan long vao thap ( mat
cat 2) .
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
31
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
Z
1
+ H
g
V
g
P
Z
g
V
g
P
+ + + +
* 2
*
* * 2
*
*
2
2 2 2
2
2
1 1 1

Trong o :
Z
1
, Z
2
: chieu cao mat thoang bon cao v va mat cat
au ra ong dan long vao thap , m .
V
1
, V
2
: van toc mat cat 1 , mat cat 2 , m/s .
H : ton that t mat cat 1 en mat cat 2 , m .
2 1
, : he so hieu chnh ong nang .
P
2
= P
1
= P
a
: xem ap suat mat thoang bon cao v va
ap suat au vao ong dan long la nh nhau .
H
0
= Z
1
Z
2
: chieu cao mc chat long cua bon cao v so
vi chieu cao ong dan long vao thap .
V
1
= 0 (m/s) , V
2
= 1.23 (m/s) .
T phng trnh Bernoulli ta co :
H
o
= Z
1
Z
2
= H
g
V V
g
P P
+

* 2
* *
*
2
1 1
2
2 2 1 2

H
o
= H
g
V
+
* 2
*
2
2 2

(1)
Chuan so Re =

* *
2
d V
Vi

= 995 (kg/m
3
) .

= 0.8007 * 10
-3
(kg/m*s) , o nht cua nc 30
o
C
.
V
2
= 1.23 (m/s) .
Suy ra : Re =
3
10 * 8007 . 0
995 * 15 . 0 * 23 . 1

= 229271 > 2300 : che o chay

trong ong la chay roi nen 1
2
.
Thay vao (1) ta c :
H
o
= H
g
V
+
* 2
2
2
Trong o : H = h
d
+ h
cb
Vi h
d
: ton that doc ng ong , m .
h
cb
:ton that cuc bo tai mieng vao , mieng ra , cho
uon , van , m .
IV.1.1. Ton that doc ng ong :
h
d
=
g
V
d
L
* 2
* *
2
2
, m .
Trong o :
: he so ton that .
L : chieu dai ong . Chon L = 5 m .
d = 0.15 (m) , ng knh ong dan long .
V = V
2
= 1.23 (m/s) , van toc dong long chay trong ong .
Do Re > 10000 nen :
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
32
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
=
2
) 5 . 1 Re lg * 8 . 1 (
1

[13,(9-33),202] .
=
2
) 5 . 1 229271 lg * 8 . 1 (
1

= 0.015 .
Vay h
d
= 0.015 *
15 . 0
5
*
81 . 9 * 2
23 . 1
2
= 0.0386 (m) .
IV.1.2. Ton that cuc bo :
Chon he thong ong co : theo [12,phu luc 3-4,236] ta
co :
- 4 khuyu cong (uon goc 90
o
) : he so ton that
cuc bo
kh

=1.1 .
- 3 van : he so ton that cuc bo
v

=0.15 .
- au vao ong :
dv

=0.5 .
- au ra (ca vao thap ) :
dr

=1 .
Ta co :
h
cb
=
g
V
g
V
dr dv v kh
* 2
) * 3 * 4 (
* 2
*
2 2
+ + +
h
cb
= (4*1.1 + 3*0.15 + 1 + 0.5)
81 . 9 * 2
23 . 1
2
= 0.4896 (m) .
Vay H
o
= 0.0386 + 0.4896 +
81 . 9 * 2
23 . 1
2
= 0.6053 (m) .
IV.1.3. Chieu cao bon cao v :
Z
1
= H
o
+ Z
2
= H
o
+ h
chan
+ h
ay
+ h
lv

Trong o :
h
chan
= 0.185 (m) .
h
ay
= 0.325 (m).
h
lv
: chieu cao lam viec cua thap .
h
lv
= 6.5 + 2*0.4 + 0.8 + 0.225 = 8.325 (m) .
Suy ra : Z
1
= 0.6053 + 0.325 + 0.185 + 8.325 = 9.45 (m) .
IV.2. Tnh cong suat bm :
Viet phng trnh Bernoulli cho mat cat au vao ong
hut (mat cat 1-1) va mat cat au ra ong ay(mat cat
2-2) .
H
b
+ Z
1
+ H
g
V
g
P
Z
g
V
g
P
+ + + +
* 2
*
* * 2
*
*
2
2 2 2
2
2
1 1 1

Suy ra :
H
b
= (Z
2
Z
1
) + H
g
V V
g
P P
+

* 2
* *
*
2
1 1
2
2 2 1 2

Trong o :
Z
1
, Z
2
: chieu cao mat cat (1-1) va (2-2) , m .
Z
2
Z
1
= 9.45 (m) .
P
2
= P
1
= P
kt
: xem ap suat mat cat (1-1) bang ap
suat mat cat (2-2) .
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
33
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
V
1
, V
2
: van toc dong chay trong ong hut va trong ong
ay , m/s . Chon ng knh ong hut bang ng knh ong
ay d
1
= d
2
= 0.15 (m) nen V = V
1
= V
2
= 1.23 (m/s) .
H : ton that cot ap t mat cat (1-1) en mat cat
(2-2) , m .
2 1
, : he so hieu chnh ong nang .
H
b
: cot ap cua bm , mH
2
O .
Chuan so Re =

* *d V
=
3
10 * 8007 . 0
15 . 0 * 995 * 23 . 1

= 229271 >2300 :
che o chay trong ong la che o chay roi nen
1
2 1

.
Vay
2
2 2
2
1 1
* * V V nen ta co :
H
b
= Z
2
Z
1
+H
Trong o : H = h
d
+ h
cb
Vi h
d
: ton that doc ng ong , m .
h
cb
:ton that cuc bo tai mieng vao , mieng ra , cho
uon , van , m .
IV.2.1. Ton that doc ng :
h
d
=
g
V
d
L L
* 2
* *
2
2 1
+

L
1
: chieu dai ong hut . Chon L
1
= 1 (m) .
L
2
: chieu dai ong ay . Chon L
2
= 15 (m) .
: he so ton that , = 0.015 .
V = V
1
= V
2
= 1.23 (m/s) .
Vay h
d
=
81 . 9 * 2
23 . 1
* 015 . 0 *
15 . 0
15 1
2
+
= 0.1234 (m) .
IV.2.2. Ton that cuc bo :
Chon he thong ong co : theo [12,phu luc 3-4,236] ta
co :
- 2 khuyu cong (uon goc 90
o
) : he so ton that
cuc bo
kh

=1.1 .
- 2 van : he so ton that cuc bo
v

=0.15 .
- au vao ong :
dv

=0.5 .
- au ra (ca vao thap ) :
dr

=1 .
Ta co :
h
cb
=
g
V
g
V
dr dv v kh
* 2
) * 2 * 2 (
* 2
*
2 2
+ + +
h
cb
= (2*1.1 + 2*0.15 + 1 + 0.5)
81 . 9 * 2
23 . 1
2
= 0.3084 (m) .
IV.2.3. Cot ap cua bm :
H
b
= 9.45 + 0.1234 + 0.3084 = 9.8818 (mH
2
O) .
e an toan ta chon H
b
= 10 (mH
2
O) .
IV.2.4. Cong suat cua bm :
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
34
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
N
lt
=

* 1000
* * * g H Q
b
, Kw [10,113] .
Trong o :
Q : lu lng bm , m
3
/s .
Q =
3
10 * 78 . 21
3600
41 . 78

(m
3
/s) .
H
b
= 10 (mH
2
O) .
) / ( 995
3
m kg , khoi lng rieng cua nc 30
o
C .

: hieu suat cua bm .

=
ck tl o
* *
Trong o :
o

: hieu suat the tch .

tl

: hieu suat thuy lc .

ck

: hieu suat c kh .
Chon loai bm ly tam . Theo [3,bang II.32,439] , ta chon :
o

= 0.96
tl

= 0.85
ck

= 0.96
Vay

= 0.96 * 0.85 * 0.96 = 0.783

Thay vao ta c :
N
lt
=
783 . 0 * 1000
81 . 9 * 995 * 10 * 10 * 78 . 21
3
= 2.72 (Kw) .
Cong suat thc cua bm :
N
thc
=
lt
N *
[5,6]
Vi

: he so an toan cong suat . Theo [5,bang 1-1,6]

ta chon

= 1.4 .
Vay cong suat thc cua bm :
N
thc
= 1.4*2.72 = 3.808 (Kw) .
Chon N
thc
= 4 (Kw) .
IV.3. Tnh cong suat cua quat :
Chon quat ly tam .
Viet phng trnh Bernoulli cho mat cat ong hut (mat
cat 1-1) va mat cat ong thoi kh vao ay thap (mat
cat 2-2) .
H
q
+ Z
1
+ H
g
V
g
P
Z
g
V
g
P
+ + + +
* 2
*
* * 2
*
*
2
2 2 2
2
2
1 1 1

Trong o :
Z
1
, Z
2
: chieu cao mat cat (1-1) va mat cat (2-2) .
Z
1
= Z
2

P
1
, P
2
: ap suat dong kh ong hut va ong ay .
P
1
= 0 , ap suat d cua moi trng .
P
2
= P

= 6500(N/m
2
) .

: khoi lng rieng cua dong kh , kg/m

3
.
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
35
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG

= 1.166 (kg/m
3
) .
V
1
, V
2
: van toc dong kh mat cat (1-1) va mat cat
(2-2) .
Chon ng knh ong hut bang ng knh ong ay
nen :
V
1
= V
2
= V = 17.68 (m/s) .
2 1
,
: he so hieu chnh ong nang .
Che o dong chay trong ong :
Re =
5
10 * 81 . 1
166 . 1 * 2 . 0 * 68 . 17 * *

d V
= 227789 > 2300 nen che
o dong chay trong ong che o chay roi . Nen 1
2 1

.
Suy ra :
2
2 2
2
1 1
* * V V
T phng trnh Bernoulli ta co :
H
q
= (Z
2
Z
1
) + H
g
V V
g
P P
+

* 2
* *
*
2
1 1
2
2 2 1 2

=
H
g
P
+
*
2

=
H
g
P
u
+

*
Trong o : H = h
d
+ h
cb
Vi h
d
: ton that doc ng ong , m .
h
cb
:ton that cuc bo tai mieng vao , mieng ra , cho
uon , van , m .
IV.3.1. Ton that doc ng :
h
d
=
g
V
d
L
* 2
* *
2

L : chieu dai ong dan kh . Chon L = 10 (m) .

d =0.2 (m) , ng knh ong dan kh .
: he so ton that . Theo [3,II-65,380] , he so ton that
c xac nh :
]
7 . 3
)
Re
81 . 6
lg[( * 2
1
9 . 0

+

Vi
d

: o nham tng oi .
Chon ong thep han trong ieu kien co an mon .
2 . 0 (mm) [3,bang II-15,381]
Suy ra : =
001 . 0
200
2 . 0

Thay vao ta c :
]
7 . 3
001 . 0
)
227789
81 . 6
lg[( * 2
1
9 . 0
+

Suy ra : = 0.021
V = 17.68 (m/s) .
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
36
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
Vay h
d
=
81 . 9 * 2
68 . 17
* 021 . 0 *
2 . 0
10
2
= 16.728(m cot kh) .
IV.3.2. Ton that cuc bo :
Chon he thong ong co : theo [12,phu luc 3-4,236] ta
co :
- 4 khuyu cong (uon goc 90
o
) : he so ton that
cuc bo
kh

=1.1 .
- 3 van : he so ton that cuc bo
v

=0.15 .
- au vao ong :
dv

=0.5 .
- au ra (ca vao thap ) :
dr

=1 .
Ta co :
h
cb
=
g
V
g
V
dr dv v kh
* 2
) * 3 * 4 (
* 2
*
2 2
+ + +
h
cb
= (4*1.1 + 3*0.15 + 1 + 0.5)
81 . 9 * 2
68 . 17
2
= 101.17(m cot kh) .
IV.3.3. Cot ap cua quat :
H
q
= h
cb
+ h
d
+
g
P
u
*

=
17 . 101 728 . 16
81 . 9 * 166 . 1
6500
+ +
= 686.16
(m) .
IV.3.4. Cong suat cua quat :
N
lt
=

* 1000
* * * g H Q
k q
, Kw [10,153]
Trong o :
Q : lu lng dong kh , m
3
/s .
Q =
56 . 0
3600
2000

(m
3
/s) .
k

= 1.166 (kg/m
3
) .

: hieu suat chung .

3 2 1
* *
[10,153]
Vi -
1
: hieu suat ly thuyet cua quat ,chon 8 . 0
1

.
-
2

: hieu suat cua o , chon

95 . 0
2

.
-
3

: hieu suat oi vi he truyen bang ai ,

chon
95 . 0
3

.
Thay vao ta c :

= 0.8 * 0.95 * 0.95 = 0.722 .

Vay cong suat cua quat :
N
lt
=
09 . 6
722 . 0 * 1000
81 . 9 * 166 . 1 * 16 . 686 * 56 . 0

(Kw) .
Cong suat thc cua quat :
N
thc
= k * N
lt
, Kw [10,153]
Vi k : he so d tr them cho ong c .
oi vi bm ly tam ,N
lt
> 5 (Kw) : k = 1.1 .
Vay cong suat thc cua bm :
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
37
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
N
thc
= 1.1 * 6.09 = 6.699 (Kw) .
Chon N
thc
= 7 (Kw) .

CHNG V
TNH KINH TE
Ten thiet b Thong
so ky
thuat
So
lng
n gia Thanh
tien(VND)
Thep khong
g
Kg 1270 50,000/kg 63,500,000
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
38
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
Thep CT
3
Kg 158.1 10,000/kg 1,581,000
Bulong M20
M16
M10
96
32
24
5,000/con
4,000/con
3,000/con
480,000
128,000
72,000
Tong tien
vat t
65,761,000
Tien gia cong
che tao
65,761,000
Tong tien
che tao thap
131,522,000
Lu lng ke 1 1,500,000/
cai
1,500,000
Ap ke t
ong
1 500,000/c
ai
500,000
Bm 5.5Hp 1 700,000/H
p
3,850,000
Quat 9Hp 1 600,000/H
p
5,400,000
Ong nha PVC m 46 5,000/m 230,000
Ong thep m 10 30,000/m 300,000
Van thep va
Racco
5 cai 50,000/ca
i
250,000
Van nha va
Racco
12 cai 10,000/ca
i
120,000
Tong tien
cac chi tiet
cong nghe
12,150,000
TONG
CONG
143,672,00
0
KET LUAN
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
39
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
Hieu suat cua qua trnh hap thu cao (94%) , nhng tieu
ton lng nc lam dung moi ln(78.41m
3
/h) . Do o , ve
mat kinh te cha at yeu cau do tieu ton lng nc ln
va thai lng nc sau x ly vao moi trng khong c
tai s dung .
Can phai khao sat phng phap hap thu SO
2
vi dung
moi khac e xem dung moi o co at yeu cau ve hieu
suat x ly va at yeu cau ve tnh kinh te khong ?
u iem cua qua trnh :
+ Hoat ong tot trong moi trng an mon .
+ Dung moi hap thu re , de tm .
+ Ket cau n gian , van hanh thuan tien .
Nhc iem :
+ Nang suat x ly nho .
+ Kh trc khi vao thap phai x ly s bo lam
sach bui va ha thap nhiet o dong kh .
+ Nc hap thu phai sach , tranh tao can trong
qua trnh hap thu lam tac dong kh va dong long .
* TAI LIEU THAM KHAO :
SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
40
O AN HOC PHN GVHD : PHM VN HNG
[1]. Vo Th Ngoc Ti , giao trnh Qua trnh & Thiet b
Cong nghe hoa hoc . Tap 11 Hng dan o an mon hoc
, HBK TP.HCM 1993 .
[2]. Cac tac gia , So tay Qua trnh & Thiet b tap 2 ,
NXB KHKT Ha Noi 1999 .
[3]. Cac tac gia , So tay Qua trnh & Thiet b tap 1 ,
NXB KHKT Ha Noi 1999 .
[4]. Vo Van Bang Vu Ba Minh , Qua trnh & Thiet b
Cong nghe hoa chat Tap 3 truyen khoi , HBK TP.HCM
1997 .
[5]. Pham Van Bon Vu Ba Minh Hoang Minh Nam ,
Qua trnh & Thiet b Cong nghe hoa chat Tap 10 V du &
Bai tap , HBK TP.HCM .
[6]. Nguyen Van Phc , Qua trnh & Thiet b Cong
nghe hoa chat Tap 13 Ky thuat x ly chat thai cong
nghiep , HBK TP.HCM .
[7]. Pham Ngoc ang , Moi trng khong kh , NXB
KHKT .
[8]. Nguyen Bin , Tnh toan Qua trnh & Thiet b Cong
nghe hoa chat & Thc pham tap 2 , NXB KHKT .
[9]. Ho Le Vien , Thiet ke & Tnh toan cac chi tiet
thiet b hoa chat tap 1 , NXB KHKT .
[10]. Tran Hung Dung - Nguyen Van Lua Hoang Minh
Nam - Vu Ba Minh , giao trnh Qua trnh & Thiet b Cong
nghe hoa chat Tap 1 Quyen 2 , NXB HQG TP.HCM .
[11]. Nguyen Minh Tuyen , Tnh toan May & Thiet b
hoa chat , NXB KHKT .
[12]. Trng Tch Thien Vu Duy Cng , Giao trnh C
ky thuat , HBK TP.HCM .
[13]. Tap the giang vien Bo mon c lu chat , Giao
trnh C lu chat , HBK TP.HCM .

SVTH : Lu Cng Thng
on Thanh Thy Trang
41