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Ban Thuyet Minh - Dai
Ban Thuyet Minh - Dai
LI M AU
Cung vi s phat trien cua cac nghanh khoa hoc ky thuat, nganh c kh che tao may ra
i vi nhng vai tro va nhiem vu rat quan trong trong viec tao ra cac thiet b may moc e
nham giam nhe sc lao ong cua con ngi.
e ap ng c nhng yeu cau can thiet o, trng HSPKT a ao tao cho xa hoi
rat nhieu oi ngu ky s, cong nhan ky thuat. Muc ch la trang b cho sinh vien nhng kien
thc chuyen mon va trnh o tay nghe ap ng c vi nhu cau xa hoi.
o an mon hoc cong nghe che tao may nham tong hp lai cac kien thc a hoc co lien
quan ti mon hoc cong nghe che tao may. e anh gia c kha nang tiep thu cua sinh
vien, nha trng a tao ieu kien cho moi sinh vien nhan mot e tai o an mon hoc.
Sau ay la noi dung thiet ke :QUY TRNH CONG NGHE GIA CONG CHI TIET NAP
VAN KH NEN. Bang kien thc a hoc va s hng dan cua thay Nguyen Hoai Nam a
giup em hoan thanh e tai nay.
Em xin chan thanh cam n s hng dan cua thay Nguyen Hoai Nam va cac thay co
trong khoa c kh may.
Sinh vien thc hien
Nguyen c ai
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Ngay
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Ngay
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MUC LUC
Trang
PHAN I: PHAN TCH NHIEM VU THIET KE .................................... 5
I.Phan tch yeu cau ky thuat chi tiet .............................................. 5
II.Xac nh dang san xuat ............................................................. 6
III.Chon phoi va phng phap che tao phoi .................................. 7
PHAN II: THIET KE NGUYEN CONG................................................ 11
I. Thiet ke trnh t nguyen cong.................................................... 11
II. Tnh toan lng d .................................................................... 17
III. Tnh va tra che o cat .............................................................. 19
Nguyen cong 1 ................................................................... 24
Nguyen cong 2 ................................................................... 26
Nguyen cong 4 ................................................................... 27
Nguyen cong 5 ................................................................... 29
Nguyen cong 6 ................................................................... 31
Nguyen cong 7 ................................................................... 32
Nguyen cong 8 ................................................................... 33
Nguyen cong 9 ................................................................... 34
Nguyen cong 10 ................................................................. 34
PHAN III: TNH TOAN THIET KE O GA......................................... 35
I. Gii thieu o ga ......................................................................... 35
II. Tnh lc kep can thiet ............................................................... 36
III. Tnh toan kiem nghiem sai so ................................................. 37
Tai lieu tham khao ................................................................................. 39
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2.
N = N 0 * m * 1 +
1 +
100 100
Trong o:
N0 = 30.000 chiec la so san pham theo ke hoach
m = 1 so lng chi tiet nh nhau trong mot san pham.
= (3 6)% so % d tr lam phu tung chon =5%
= (5 7)% so % chi tiet phe pham chon
=6%
5
6
N = 30.000.1.1 +
1 +
= 33300 chiec/nam
100 100
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III.
CHON PHOI VA PHNG PHAP TAO PHOI
Trong gia cong c kh cac dang phoi co the la: phoi uc, ren, dap, can.
Xac nh loai va phng phap che tao phoi phai nham muc ch bao am hieu qua kinh te
ky thuat chung cua quy trnh che tao chi tiet, ong thi tong ph ton che tao chi tiet ke t
cong oan che tao phoi cho ti cong oan gia cong chi tiet phai thap nhat.
Khi xac nh loai phoi va phng phap che tao phoi cho chi tiet ta can phai quan tam en
ac iem ve ket cau va yeu cau chu tai khi lam viec cua chi tiet (hnh dang, kch thc,
vat lieu, chc nang, ieu kien lam viec)
San lng hang nam cua chi tiet
ieu kien san xuat thc te xet ve mat ky thuat va to chc san xuat (kha nang ve trang
thiet b, trnh o ky thuat che tao phoi)
Mac khac khi xac nh phng an tao phoi cho chi tiet ta can quan tam en ac tnh cua
cac loai phoi va lng d gia cong ng vi tng loai phoi. Sau ay la mot vai net ve ac
tnh quan trong cua cac loai phoi thng c s dung:
Phoi uc:
Kha nang tao hnh va o chnh xac cua phng phap uc phu thuoc vao cach che tao
khuon,co the uc c chi tiet co hnh dang t n gian en phc tap (chi tiet cua ta co
hnh dang kha phc tap) . Phng phap uc vi cach lam khuon theo mau go hoac dng
n gian cho o chnh xac cua phoi uc thap. Phng phap uc ap lc trong khuon kim loai
cho o chnh xac vat uc cao. Phng phap uc trong khuon cat, lam khuon thu cong co
pham vi ng dung rong, khong b han che bi kch thc va khoi lng vat uc, ph ton che
tao phoi thap,tuy nhien nang suat khong cao. Phng phap uc ap lc trong khuon kim loai
co pham vi ng dung hep hn do b han che ve kch thc va khoi lng vat uc, ph ton
che tao khuon cao va gia thanh che tao phoi cao,tuy nhien phng phap nay lai co nang
suat cao thch hp cho san suat hang loat va.
Phoi ren:
Phoi t do va phoi ren khuon chnh xac thng c ap dung trong nganh che tao may.
Phoi ren t do co he so dung sai ln, cho o ben c tnh cao, phoi co tnh deo va an hoi
tot. phng phap ren t do, thiet b, dung cu che tao phoi la van nang, ket cau n
gian,nhng phng phap nay ch tao c cac chi tiet co hnh dang n gian ,nang suat
thap. Ren khuon co o chnh xac cao hn,nang suat cao nhng phu thuoc vao o chnh xac
cua khuon .Mat khac khi ren khuon phai co khuon chuyen dung cho tng loai chi tiet do
o ph ton tao khuon va che tao phoi cao.
Phoi can:
Co profin n gian, thong thng la tron, vuong, luc giac, lang tru va cac thanh hnh khac
nhau, dung e che tao cac truc trn, truc bac co ng knh t thay oi, hnh ong, ong vat,
tay gat, truc then, mat bt. Phoi can nh hnh pho bien thng la cac loai thep goc, thep
hnh I, U, V c dung nhieu trong cac ket cau lap. Phoi can nh hnh cho tng lnh vc
rieng, c dung e che tao cac loai toa tau, cac may keo, may nang chuyen Phoi can
ong dung che tao cac chi tiet ong, bac ong, then hoa, tang trong, cac tru rong C tnh cua
phoi can thng cao, sai so kch thc cua phoi can thng thap, o chnh xac phoi can co
the at t 912. Phoi can c dung hp ly trong trng hp sau khi can khong can phai
gia cong c tiep theo, ieu o ac biet
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quan trong khi che tao cac chi tiet bang thep va hp kim kho gia cong, at tien.
Chon phoi
Da vao ac iem cua cac phng phap tao phoi tren, ta chon phng phap uc vat lieu
la gang xam 18 - 36
+ gia thanh che tao vat uc re
+ thiet b au t phng phap nay tng oi n gian,cho nen au t
thap
+ phu hp vi san xuat hang loat va, hang khoi
+ o nham be mat, o chnh xac sau khi uc co the chap nhan e co the tiep tuc gia
cong tiep theo
+Thanh phan cua Gang xam
C
1.5
3.2
Si
1.5 3
Mn
0.5 1
S
< 0.8
P
0.1
0.2
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5. uc ap lc:
- Dung ap lc e ien ay kim loai trong long khuon
- Hp kim e uc di ap lc thng la hp kim Thiec, Ch, Kem, Mg, Al,Cu.
- uc di ap lc dung e che tao cac chi tiet phc tap nh vo bm xang, dau, nap buong
ep, van dan kh
- Trang thiet b at nen gia thanh san pham cao.ac tnh ky thuat tot nhng oi vi dang
san suat loat va th hieu qua kinh te khong cao.
6. uc trong khuon vo mong:
- La dang uc trong khuon cat nhng thanh khuon mong chng 6-8mm
- Co the uc c gang , thep, kim loai mau nh khuon cat,khoi lng vat uc en 100 kg
- Dung trong san xuat loat ln va hang khoi.
7. uc lien tuc:
-La qua trnh rot kim loai long eu va lien tuc vao mat khuon bang kim loai,xung quanh
hoac ben trong khuon co nc lu thong lam nguoi (con goi la bnh ket tinh) .Nh truyen
nhiet nhanh nen kim loai long sau khi rot vao khuon c ket tinh ngay, vat uc c keo
lien tuc ra khoi khuon bang c cau ac biet nh con lan
-Thng dung e uc ong, uc thoi, uc tam
Ket luan:
- Vi nhng yeu cau cua chi tiet a cho, tnh kinh te cung nh dang san xuat ta se chon
phng phap che tao phoi uc trong khuon cat mau kim loai, lam khuon bang may.
- Phoi uc at cap chnh xac la II.
- Cap chnh xac kch thc IT15 IT16.
- o nham be mat: Rz=80m.
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Pham vi
V tr
50 -120
120 260
< 50
< 50
Canh
Canh
Canh
Canh
Lng
d
2
3
3
3
Dung
sai
0.5
1
0.8
0.5
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PHAN II
Ta co dang san xuat hang loat ln , muon chuyen mon hoa cao e tang nang xuat lam
giam gia thanh san pham, giam sc lao ong th ng loi thch hp nhat la phan tan
nguyen cong. ay ta dung cac may van nang ket hp vi o ga va cac may chuyen dung
e gia cong chi tiet .
Trnh t nguyen cong phai am bao c yeu cau ky thuat e ra. V vay ma ta a ra
nhieu phng an va t o rut rut ra phng an toi u.
Phng an I
Th
t
NC
1
Nguyen
cong
Bc
Tien mat
au
May
T616
1.Tien tho
2.Tien tinh
Khoan ,
doa
May
ng
2A125
Khoan 4 lo14
Doa 2 lo 14
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Tien
Tien mat au
Tien lo 50
Khoet ,
doa lo
40
Khoet tho lo 40
Khoet tinh lo 40
Doa tho lo 40
Doa tinh lo 40
Khoan
Khoan 4 lo 5
Taro
Taro 4 lo M6
Khoan lo
15
Khoan lo 15
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Khoan lo
15, vat 30
Khoan lo 15,
vat 30
10
Tien mat
au va mat
tru , tien
ranh
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Phng an II
Th
t
NC
1
Nguyen
cong
Phay
mat
au
Khoan
+ doa
Khoan 4 lo 14
Doa 2 lo 14
Khoet
+ doa
Khoet tho lo 40
Khoet tinh lo 40
Doa tho lo 40
Doa tinh lo 40
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Tien
Tien
Khoan
4 lo 5
Taro lo
M6
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Khoan
lo 15
l= 40
Khoan lo 15
l= 40
Khoan
lo 15
l= 41,
khoet
con 30
Khoan lo 15
l= 41, khoet con
30
10
Taro
ren con
Qua viec so sanh 2 phng an a neu tren , e am bao c yeu cau ky thuat
nh : o song song , o ong tam, o vuong goc va e n gian cho cong viec gia cong
thiet ke ta chon ra phng an toi u la phng an 2.
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II.
Xac nh lng d cho nguyen cong 1,phay mat au kch thc 290.5.
Cac so lieu ban au
Cap chnh xac : 10
Chieu dai danh ngha : 29
Vat lieu la GX18-36
Kch thc ln nhat cua chi tiet :145mm
Phoi uc CCX : II
Rzo = 250 , IT14
Ti = 350
Rz0 + Ti = 700 m (bang 10 / 39 TKA NLoc)
Trnh t cac bc gia cong
- Bc 1: Phay tho
+ Cap chnh xac kch thc at c: IT1214
cv = k L = 1 145 = 145m
vi:
k = 1m/1mm (trang 75 TKA NL)
L = 145 kch thc ln nhat cua phoi
- Vay sai lech khong gian tong cong la:
0 = cv = 145m
Sai lech khong gian con lai sau khi phay tho la:
gd = c2 + k2 + dg2
vi:
+ c = 0.5mm, sai so chuan
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Phoi
Phay tho
Phay tinh
700
50
20
145
7
Dung
sai
(m)
29.926
800
30.726 29.126
Max
Min
528
1373
28.553
530
29.083 28.023
26
53
28.5
500
29.00
Tong
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Tr so gii
han (m)
Kch
thc
tnh
toan
(mm)
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28.00
Max
Min
1640
1100
80
20
1720
1120
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III.
s
n
W
1.
Cv D q
x
T m .t .S
Trong o:
Cv: he so anh hng cua ieu kien cat oi vi toc o cat.
m,y: he so mu xet en anh hng cua tuoi ben trung bnh, lng chay dao, chieu sau cat.
T: chu ky ben trung bnh.
Kv : he so ieu chnh chung cho toc o cat.
Kv=KMV.KUV.Klv.Knv
Kmv he so anh hng vao vat lieu gia cong.
Kuv he so anh hng vao vat lieu dung cu cat.
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K MV
190
=
HB
nv
18,8.380, 2.0,8
= 15,8 m/ph
600,125.10,1.1,50, 4
Mx =
C p .t x .S y .D.Z .K p
2.1000
= 2,9 KGm
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N=
M n 2,9 150
=
= 0,44 Kw
975
975
2.
Cv D q
x
T m .t .S
K MV
190
=
HB
nv
18,8.39,7 0, 2.0,8
= 17 m/ph
600,125.0,850,1.1,50, 4
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C p .t x .S y .D.Z .K p
Mx =
2.1000
= 3,06 KGm
3.
Doa tho
Cv D q
x
T m .t .S
K MV
190
=
HB
nv
15,6.39,930, 2.0,8
= 5 m/ph
600,3.0,1150,1.3,40,5
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Dn
1000
= 8,5 m/ph
4.
Doa tinh
Cv D q
x
T m .t .S
K MV
190
=
HB
nv
1000 6,5
= 52 v/ph
.40
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3.2 .TRA CHE O CAT CHO CAC NGUYEN CONG CON LAI
Nguyen cong 1: phay mat au
Dung cu gia cong la dao phay mat au rang chap manh hp kim cng BK8
May gia cong la may phay ng 6H12: cong suat 7 KW; hieu suat may 0,75
Chieu sau cat khi phay tho:t = 2,5 mm
Chieu sau cat khi phay tinh: t = 0,5mm
B la chieu rong cua phoi (B = 125 mm)
n
* Phay tho:
a. Lng chay dao:
S ph = S.n = S z .Z.n
Vi S z : lng chay dao khi phay tho
S: lng chay dao khi phay tinh
S z =0,2-0,29 mm [Bang 5-33, Trang 29 STCNCT II]
Lay S z = 0,2 mm/vong S = S z .Z = 0,2 x 14 = 2,8 mm
b. Toc o cat:
T = 180 ph [Bang 5-40, Trang 34 STCNCT II]
D 150
=
[Bang 5-127, Trang 115 STCNCT II]
Z
14
Vb = 158 m/phut
He so ieu chnh phu thuoc vao o cng vat lieu dao = 1
He so ieu chnh phu thuoc vao trang thai be mat = 0,8
He so hieu chnh mac hp kim BK8 =0,8
He so ieu chnh phu thuoc vao chieu rong phay = 1
He so ieu chnh phu thuoc vao goc nghien chnh = 1
==> k = 8,8 x 0,8 = 0,64
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1000.101
= 214 v/ph
.150
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n
W
* Khoan:
Dung cu gia cong: mui khoan ruot ga uoi tru 14 bang thep gio P18
Chieu sau cat: t = 7 mm
a. Lng chay dao:
S = 0,52 0,64 mm/vong [Bang 5-89, Trang 86 STCNCT II]
Chon S = 0,6 mm/vong
b. Toc o cat:
Chu ky ben T = 60 phut [5-90/86 STCNCT II]
Vb = 22 m/ph [5-90/86 STCNCT II]
He so ieu chnh phu thuoc vao chieu sau lo khoan =1
He so ieu chnh phu thuoc vao chu ky ben = 0,91
V= 0,91.22 = 20 m/ph
c. So vong quay cua dung cu cat:
1000 V
n=
D
1000.20
n=
= 455 v/ph
.14
Chon n theo so vong quay thc te: n = 475 v/ph
Tnh lai van toc cat thc te:
Dn
V=
= 21 m/phut
1000
d. Cong suat cat:
Nc = 1,0 KW < N may = 4 KW [Bang 5-92, Trang 87 STCNCT II]
14
e.Thi gian gia cong
T=
= 0,05 phut/ lo x 4 lo = 0,2 phut
475 0,6
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* Doa:
Dung cu gia cong: mui doa 14 bang thep gio P18
Chieu sau cat: t = 0,1 mm
a. Lng chay dao:
S = 1,4 mm/vong [Bang 5-112, Trang 104 STCNCT II]
b. Toc o cat:
V= 9,3 m/ph [5-114/105 STCNCT II]
c. So vong quay cua dung cu cat:
1000.V
n=
.D
1000.9,4
n=
= 214 v/ph
.14
Chon n theo so vong quay thc te: n = 225 v/ph
Tnh lai van toc cat thc te:
Dn
V=
= 9,9m/ph
1000
d. Thi gian gia cong
T = 14/225. 1,4 = 0,04 phut/ lo x 2 lo = 0,09 phut
Tong thi gian gia cong cua nguyen cong : 0,29 phut
* Tien tho :
Chieu sau cat: t = 1,5 mm
a. Lng chay dao:
Khi tien mat au tho
S = 0,8 1,2 mm/vg [Bang 5-60, Trang 53 STCN II]
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* Tien ranh:
Chieu sau cat: t = 1,5 mm
a. Lng chay dao:
S = 0,16 0,19 mm/vg [Bang 5-72, Trang 64 STCNCT II]
Chon S = 0,18 mm/vg
b. Toc o cat:
V= 62 m/ph [Bang 5-74, Trang 65 STCNCT II]
He so ieu chnh phu thuoc vao chu ky ben cua dao = 0,92
He so ieu chnh phu thuoc vao mac hp kim dao = 1,54
a. Lng
chay dao:
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Nguyen cong 7 :
Taro 4 lo M6
May gia cong: May khoan can 2H55, cong suat 4 KW
Dung cu gia cong: mui taro M6 bang thep gio P18
Chieu sau cat: t = 0,5 mm
n
a. Lng chay
dao:
Sz = 1,25 mm/vg
b. Toc o cat:
Vb = 9 m/ph
He so ieu chnh phu thuoc vat lieu gia cong =1,1
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PHAN III
35
Wct
63
27
Momen xoan tao ra ln nhat khi khoet: M = 2900 Nm (a tnh phan che o cat)
Coi lc kep 2 on kep la nh nhau, ta co:
K.M = 2.W.f.l
f = 0,3: he so ma sat be mat kep[ bang 34/86 TKA Tran Van ch]
tiet
l = 63 mm : khoang cach t tam mui khoet en iem tiep xuc gia mo kep va chi
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V lc do c cau kep tao ra khong at trc tiep vao mo kep ma at doc theo than
bulong
Ta co momen quay tai A la:
W.35 Wct.62 = 0
==> W = Wct.62/35 = 326 KG
Ta xac nh c ng knh bulong
W
d =C
= 1,4
326
= 8,9mm
8
= 8 10 N/mm
Theo tieu chuan ta chon bulong M10
2.2. Tnh toan sai so cua o ga.
g = 2c + 2k + 2g
Trong o:
+ c : sai so chuan.
+ k : sai so kep chat.
+ g : sai so o ga.
max
A:
B: dung
B + min
max
H
= 0,0002
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Trang 36
1
dung sai kch thc.
3
1
- Sai so o ga = .0,025 = 0,008mm
3
Suy ra : g = c2 + k2 + 2g = 0,012 2 + 0 2 + 0,008 2 = 0,014 (mm)
Vay ta co o khong vuong goc gia ng tam vi mat phang phien ty 0,014mm
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KET LUAN
-
Sau mot thi gian nghien cu, tham khao tai lieu, cung nh van dung cac kien
thc a hoc ket hp vi s hng dan, s giup cua ban be va s hng dan tan tnh
cua thay NGUYEN HOAI NAM ,em a thc hien xong o an mon hoc cong nghe che
tao may qua viec thiet ke quy trnh cong nghe gia cong nap van kh nen
Qui trnh cong nghe nay ap ng cac yeu cau ve nang suat san suat, am bao
c cac yeu cau ve ky thuat cua chi tiet gia cong : o chnh xac ve kch thc, cac sai
so ve v tr, hnh dang hnh hoc, o nham be mat gia cong cung nh ap ng ve mat
kinh te nham giam gia thanh san pham.
Qua trnh thc hien o an, mat du em a no lc nghien cu, can nhac, va tnh
toan song do s han che ve trnh o kien thc cung nh kinh nghiem thc te nen chac
chan con mac phai nhieu sai sot, cha at s toi u trong phng phap cong nghe. Em
rat mong nhan nhng y kien ong gop ch bao cua cac thay co va cac ban e rut kinh
nghiem cho cong viec sau nay c tot hn.
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1. Tran Van ch. Thiet Ke o An Cong Nghe Che Tao May. Nha Xuat Ban Khoa Hoc
Va Ky Thuat
2. Nguyen ac Loc , Lu Van Nhang. Hng Dan Thiet Ke o An Cong Nghe Che Tao
May. Nha Xuat Ban Khoa Hoc Va Ky Thuat, 2004, 344 Trang
3. Nguyen ac Loc, Le Van Tien, Ninh c Tuan, Tran Xuan Viet. So tay cong nghe che
tao may tap 1. Nha Xuat Ban Khoa Hoc Va Ky Thuat, 2003, 468 trang
4. Nguyen ac Loc, Le Van Tien, Ninh c Tuan, Tran Xuan Viet. So tay cong nghe che
tao may tap 2. Nha Xuat Ban Khoa Hoc Va Ky Thuat, 2006, 582 trang
5. Tran Van ch, Atlas o ga . Nha Xuat Ban Khoa Hoc Va Ky Thuat, 2003
6. Ho Viet Bnh Le ang Hoanh Nguyen Ngoc ao. o Ga Gia Cong C Kh Tien
Phay Bao Mai. ai Hoc S Pham Ky Thuat TPHCM 320 trang
7. Nguyen Ngoc ao , Tran The San, Ho Viet Bnh. Che o cat gia cong c kh. ai hoc
s pham ky thuat TPHCM 256 trang
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Trang 39