6/14/2011

Mc tiu

Cu hi khi ng

Sau khi hc xong bi ny, hc vin c th:

TNH HNH THM HA

TRN TH GII V VIT NAM

Nm c tnh hnh thin tai, thm ha trn

th gii v ti Vit Nam
Nm c cc loi thm ha thng gp
Vit Nam v ti cc khu vc trong c nc

1. Theo cc anh/ch, tnh hnh thin tai, thm ha

trn th gii nm 2009, 2010 nh th no?
a)
b)
c)
d)

S thm ha
S ngi b nh hng
S ngi cht
Thit hi kinh t

2. Tnh hnh thin tai, thm ha ca Vit Nam nh

th no so vi cc nc trn th gii?

BS. V Hu Thun
Trng Phng K hoch Tng hp
Vin V sinh Y t Cng cng Tp. HCM
Email: vhthuan2001@yahoo.com
2

Stt Tnh hnh thm ha

1

S thm ha

S ngi cht

S ngi b nh hng

Tng thit hi kinh t

2009
343

10 nc c s thin tai nhiu nht

nm 2009

Khuynh hng v s nn nhn v s thm ha

1990-2010

Tnh hnh thm ha trn th gii

2010
385

10.655

297.000

199 triu

217 triu

41.3 t US$ 123.9 t US$

Ngun: CRED, Annual Disaster Statistical Review

10 nc c s cht cao nht

2009
2010

10 nc c s thin tai nhiu nht

nm 2010

10 nc c s nn nhn cao nht

nm 2009

6/14/2011

10 nc c s nn nhn cao nht

nm 2010

10 nc c s thit hi cao nht

nm 2009

10 nc c s thit hi cao nht

nm 2010

10

11

12

10 thm ha c s ngi cht cao nht

2009

10 thm ha c s ngi cht cao nht,

2010

13

14

10 thm ha c s nn nhn cao nht,

2010

16

10 thm ha vi thit hi cao nht

2009

17

10 thm ha c s nn nhn cao nht,

2009

15

10 thm ha vi thit hi cao nht

2010

18

6/14/2011

So snh nh hng ca thm ha

giai on 2000-2008 v 2009

So snh nh hng ca thm ha

giai on 2000-2009 v 2010

19

So snh s nn nhn theo chu lc

v loi thin tai

20

So snh thit hi theo chu lc v

loi thin tai

22

% s nn nhn theo chu lc, 2010

So snh s thin tai theo chu lc

v loi thin tai

21

% s thin tai theo chu lc, 2010

23

24

Tc ng ca thm ho &
ng ph ca ngnh Y T

% thit hi kinh t theo chu lc

Him ha

Tc ng trc tip
ln con ngi
ng ph Ngnh

Y t

Thm ha

Tc ng gin
tip ln sc khe

Tnh trng d tn thng

25

Tc ng cc
dch v y t

26

6/14/2011

nh hng ca thm ha ln sc khe

1. Trc tip

2. C s
h tng
ca y t

3. C s
h tng
khc ln
nh
hng
ln sc
khe

Cht, mt tch
Chn thng

H hi c s y t
Thuc, dng c v trang thit b, dy chuyn cung cp
Cht/b thng ca nhn vin y t
Dch v y t (cp cu, iu tr, y t cng cng) ngng/tr hon
cung cp
p ng tr i vi cc nh hng trc tip ln sc khe
Bnh dch: leptospirosis, vim gan, tiu chy, vim ng h
hp, bnh ly qua vector
Lm trm trng thm cho cc bnh khc
Hu qu v sc khe tm thn
Phi nhim vi cc dc cht

ng: h thng chuyn vin, daay chuyn cung cp

Thng tin lin lc
in
Cung cp nc: bnh dch
Nh v ti sn: ngho, di di dn, bnh dch
Ni lm vic: mt vic v thu nhp, mt ma mng v sinh28k
nh hng sc khe tm thn

Sng thn 12/2004

Thm ha nng 2010

Nhng thm ha
c s ngi t vong cao
Thi gian
12/2004

Thm ha
Sng thn

a im
Nhiu nc

8/2005

Bo Katrina

5/2008
5/2008

Bo Nargis
ng t

Myanmar
Trung Quc

9/2009

Thi gian

S cht
200.000
1.000
130 000
130.000
100.000

ng t

Indonesia

7-9/2009

India

1.110
990

01/2010
6-8/2010

ng t
t nng

Haiti
Nga

222.570
55.800

3/2011

Sng thn

Nht Bn

15.280

31

S cht

Haiti
Chile
Uganda

222.570

3/2010

ng t

Th Nh K

6-8/2010

t nng

Nga

55.800

7/2010
7/2010

L
L

Trung Quc
Pakistan

1.000
1.000

10/2010

L min trung

Vit Nam

708
450
50

150

30

Bo Nargis 5/2008

32

33

ng t Haiti 1/2010

ng t Trung Quc 5/2008

34

a im

ng t
ng t
L - st l t

29

Bo Katrina 8/2005

Bo Ike Texas 9/2008

Thm ha

1/2010
2/2010
2/2010

35

36

6/14/2011

ng t Chile

L Pakistan 7/2010

Chy rng Nga 7/2010

nh: AP.

nh: AP.

37

Photo: AFP.

38

Photo: AFP.

Sng thn ti Nht Bn 3/2011

Tm tt

Khu dn c b san phng ti

Minamisanriku. nh: Yomiuri Shimbun

Mt con tu ln b sng thn

ht vng ln ng ph bn
nhng ngi nh nt
thnh ph Kasennuma.
nh: Telegraph

Cnh hoang tn ti thnh ph Onagawa,

40
qun Miyagi. nh: EPA

1.
2.
3.
4
4.
5.

S s kin thin tai, thm ha: tng

S ngi nh hng: tng
S cht: tng
Thm ha thng gp nht: ng t,
t l,
l bo
Cc nc b nh hng nhiu nht: Chu
Thi Bnh Dng
6. Thit hi kinh t: tng >2.5 ln
7. Tn tht theo GDP cao hn trong cc nc
ngho

41

42

Cc thm ha t nhin
thng gp ti Vit Nam

c im a l

Tnh hnh thm ha

ti Vit Nam

39

Din tch: 332.600 km2

B bin: 3260 km
75-80%: i ni
Bc: Ni cao
Min trung: ni cao, t hp (40km)
ng bng Mekong: t thp

River Flooding

Flash floods

L
Typhoons
L
qut
Storm Surges
Bo
Triu cng

43

44

45

6/14/2011

Cc loi thm ha thng gp

ti Vit Nam

Cc thm ha ti Vit Nam

Chu th sng Hng

L, bo, gi lc

B bin pha Bc

Bo, l, l qut, gi lc

Min ni pha Bc

L qut, st l t, gi
lc, ng t

B bin min Trung

g

Bo,, l,, triu cng,

g, gi
g
lc

Ty nguyn

Hn hn, l qut, chy

rng, gi lc

ng Nam B

Bo, l qut, chy rng,

gi lc

B bin khu vc sng

Mekong

Bo, ngp mn, chy

rng

Chu th sng Mekong

L, hn hn, gi lc,
bo

C hai loi thm ha chnh:

Do thin nhin:

Thm ha t nhin

Bo,
Bo l
l, l quyt,
quyt hn hn
hn, triu cng

Do con ngi
Tai nn (giao thng, sn xut), chy n,
nhim mi trng
Dch bnh: SARS, H5N1, H1N1

46

S s kin:

159

S t vong

16,099
519

S ngi b nh hng

73,582,754

S ngi b nh hng trung

bnh/nm

2,373,637

Thit hi kinh t (US$ X 1,000):

7,955,750

Thit hi kinh t/nm (US$ X 1,000):

Nm
1980
1980
2000
1989
1999
1997
1985
1986
2009
1998

10 thm ha c
s t vong cao nht

Bo

2.52

L lt

1.94

Hn
hn

0.16

Chy rng

0.03

ng t

...

Ni la

...

Cn trng

...

256,637
49

10 thm ha c
s ngi b nh hng cao nht
Thm ha
Bo
Bo
L
Bo
L
Hn hn
L
Bo
Bo
Bo

S b nh hng
9,027,174
6,624,710
5,000,004
4,635,762
3,504,412
3,000,000
2,800,000
2,502,502
2,477,315
2,440,092

48

Trung bnh ca
tng loi thm ha/nm

Tnh hnh chung ca

thm ha t nhin t 1980-2010

S trung bnh t vong/nm

47

52

Thm ha
Bo
Bo
Bo
L
Bo
Bo
L
Bo
L
L

50

10 thm ha c
thit hi kinh t cao nht
Thm ha
Bo
Bo
L
Bo
Bo
Hn hn
Bo
L
L
Bo

Nm
2009
2006
2008
1997
2006
1997
1996
2007
2007
2009

Thit hi kinh t (US$)

785,000,000
624,000,000
479,000,000
470,000,000
456,000,000
407,000,000
362,000,000
350,000,000
300,000,000
280,000,000

Nm
1997
1985
1989
1999
1996
1983
2000
1986
2001
1994

S cht
3,682
798
751
622
585
578
460
435
310
310

51

Thng k theo loi thm ha

Thm
ha

S ngi nh
hng (%)

Thit hi kinh t
(US$)

66.1

60

L lt

28.3

31.7

3 t

3.6

8.3

0.65 t

Hn hn

53

T vong
(%)

Bo

4.3 t

54

6/14/2011

Tp. Tam k 11/2007

55

L ti H Ni nm 2008

Duy Xuyn, Quang Nam 11/2007

56

L ng bng sng Mkong

57

L ti H Ni

101 ngi cht, 02 ngi mt tch, v 21 ngi

b thng
Thit hi kinh t 8,6 t ng

58

59

i hc Y t Cng cng H Ni 30-10-08

60

Photo: HV. Nh

Photo: vnexpress.net

61

Photo: Nguyn Vn Hin.

62

63

nh: Nguyn Sinh Thnh.

6/14/2011

L do triu cng ti Tp. H Ch Minh

Qung Bnh: 3000 di tn vo hang 10/2010

H Tnh 10/2010
Photo: vnexpress.net

64

Photo: H Bnh

65

66

L Qut 2008
Trong nm 2008, c 21 trn l qut:
192 ngi cht
154 b thng
Thit hi kinh t 2,3
2 3 t ng
ng.
Trong , l v st l t sau bo s 4
(Kammuri) ti cc tnh pha Bc:
153 ngi cht
113 b thng
Thit hi 2 t ng

67

68

L qut Bt Xt, Lo Cai 8-8-08

St l t Yn Bi 8-8-08

69

L qut ti Lo Cai sau cn bo s 4

70

71

72

St l t Ph Th 8-8-08

6/14/2011

Bo

Hue 2006 bo Xangsane

73

74

75

Bo Xangsane Nng, 2006

Ph c Hi An 9/2009

Thm ha do con ngi

Nh ti Qung Nam 9/2009

Bo Ketsana 2009, Min trung

76

77

Tai n
nn giao thng 1990
1990--2005

Mt s c im chnh

40000

Nhng him ha c nguy c cao:

Chy n: nh my, trung tm thng
mi/ch, khu th, m than, xe khch
Tai nn giao thng: tai nan ng b
Pht trin cng nghip: cng trnh xy
dng, ha cht, trn du
nhim mi trng
Khng b, xung t???

35000
30000

S tai nn
S cht
B thng

78

Tnh hnh thit hi v ngi

Tai nn giao thng: s b thng gp ~15 ln
ca thin tai
15.000
15 000 lt cp cu/nm
Trung bnh dch bnh/nm : 0.29

25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
79

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

80

81

6/14/2011

Trung tm thng mi ti
HCM, 2002

Chy ch H Ni, 24-12-08

Chy nh my sn ti HCM, 10/2007

Ngun: vnexpress.net

82

Chy khu cng nghip Sng Thn 1

28/10/08
84

83

Photo: An Nhn.

Chy nh kho ga H Ni,

6/2009
nh: Xun Tng

85

Chy sn nhy ti H Ni, 4/1/2010

86

N xe ch pho hoa 10/2010)

87

Photo: Hien Xam Vnexpress.net

Tm tt thit hi v ngi, ca,

CSYT ca bo

Can Tho bridge collapsed 9/2007

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

26

95

189

167

263

11

12

25

S b thng

30

132

1 949
1,949

305

259

S mt tch

30

18

266

16

62

-Sp

196

27

12

-H hi

195

806

92

S cht
-tr em
Trn du Nng, 2008
Photo: Tra Bang
Ngun: veexpress.net

CSYT

Source: CCFSC

88

89

90

10

6/14/2011

Hu qu i vi CSYT
CSHT

Thm ha thng gp Vit Nam

Chc
nng

Thuc, NVYT
TTB

-sp: 03 x

(+)

Khng Khng
ng k

Trung -h hi: 37% tnh,

75% huyn, 48% x
-sp: 1 huyn, 5 x

(+)

Khng Khng
ng k

Nam

(+)

Bc

-h hi: 60% tnh,

33% huyn, 28% x
-sp

Nghin Khng
trng
(tnh)

Thm ha t nhin: bo & l

H thng thng tin & cnh bo, Ngun lc

SOPs

Hng trm ngi cht hng nm

Hng triu ngi b nh hng
Thit hi hng triu US$ (1
(1-3%
3% GDP)
Thit hi CSYT ty theo vng

Thm ha do con ngi: TNGT & chy n

Bnh dch: t, H5N1, H1N1, SXH, HIV/AIDS

Ngun: 04 nh gi nhanh
91

01 C quan
qun l thm ha c lp

92

H thng
T nhn

H thng
nh nc

UN
NGO

CBDRM, nh gi tnh trng d b tn thng

Khung php l

93

Ti liu tham kho

1. www.ccfsc.org.vn
2. www.em-dat.net
3. www.Preventionweb.net

Xin cm n cc anh/ch
ch lng
g nghe
g

94

95

11