CHUYN : LN MEN ETHYLIC

TRNG HSP TP. H CH MINH

KHOA: S PHM SINH

CHUYEN E:

GV HD: Tran Thanh Thuy SV thc hien: (lp chuyen tu Bnh

Dng)

Hoang Th Hoai Nguyen Van Thuy

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CHUYN : LN MEN ETHYLIC

Trong thi gian 3 tun thc hin tiu lun nhm chng ti nhn c s gip tn tnh t c gio hng dn b mn vi sinh vt hc cng cc thy c trong lp. nhm chng ti chn thnh cm n n: - C Trn Thanh Thy - Ton th cc bn hc vin trong lp Trong qu trnh lm tiu lun nhm chng ti khng th trnh khi nhng sai lm thiu st. Rt mong c s thng cm v gp chn thnh ca c cng nh cc bn hc vin trong lp chng ti c th hon thnh tt hn cc bi tiu lun sau ny. Xin chn thnh cm n!

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MC LC
PHN I: M U ........................................................................trang 3 PHN II: NI DUNG I- Cc khi nim ............................................................................trang 4 II- cc vi sinh vt tham gia ...........................................................trang 4 1. Nm men thuc chi ..............................................................trang 4 2. Nm mc ...............................................................................trang 4 3. Vi khun ................................................................................trang 5 III- Tiu chun chn ging nm men ..........................................trang 5 IV- iu kin ca qu trnh ..........................................................trang 5 V- C ch ln men .........................................................................trang 5 VI- Hiu qu nng lng ..............................................................trang 7 VII- ng dng ...............................................................................trang 7 1. Sn xut cng nghp ru ethylic.......................................trang 7 2. Sn xut bia...........................................................................trang 7 3. Nm men ru lm n bt m .............................................trang 8 4. Sn xut sinh khi nm men, sn xut protein n bo......................................................trang 8 5. S dng nm men trong sn xut vitamin v enzyme ................................................................trang 9 6. Nm men c dng trong cng nghip AND ..................trang 9 7. Sn xut cc sn phm truyn thng: ................................trang 9 8. Trong y t ............................................................................trang 10 PHN III: KT LUN ...............................................................trang 11 TI LIU THAM KHO...........................................................trang 12

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PHN I: M U
Trong nhng bui sum hp gia nh, gp g bn b, lin hoan sinh nht, ci hikhng th vui c nu nh khng c ly ru, cc bia chc mng. v bia, ru tr thnh nc ung quen thuc khng ch Vit Nam m trn ton th gii. Hin nay Vit Nam c nhiu loi bia, ru mang hng v c trng cho tng a phng, tng vng. Ni n ru vang ngi ta s ngh ti Lt mng m, ni ti ru l ngh ti Min Trung yu du, ni ti bia chng ta s ngh ti H Ni. Si Gn. Nhng loi ru, bia bn trn th trng u l ng dng ca qu trnh ln men ru ethylic Vy thc cht ca qu trnh ln men ru l g? C nhng vi sinh vt no tham gia? C ch ca ln men ru th no? ln men ru c ng dng trong nhng lnh vc no? Chc hn chng ta cha hiu r ng khng no? Vi nhng thc mc trn thi thc nhm chng ti nghin cu, tm hiu v kt hp vi kin thc nhm chng ti hc c qua mn vi sinh vt hc nhm chng ti quyt nh chn Ln men ru ethylic lm tiu lun cho nhm mnh. Sau y l ton b ni dung chng ti xin c gii thiu c v cc bn cng tham kho.

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PHN II: NI DUNG

LN MEN RU ETHYLIC
I. CC KHI NIM * Cn: ru/nc 50% * Ru : ru/nc 45% * Ln men c in: sn phm to ra c phn t lng nh hn cht ban u( ru bia, axit hu c) c th thay th cng ngh ny bng qu trnh ha hc * Ln men hin i: to ra sn phm khc xa nhin liu ban u( khng sinh, enzim, vitamin). Khng th thay th cng ngh ny bng cng ngh ha hc. * Ln men ru l qu trnh phn gii ng thnh ru ethylic v CO2 c s tham gia ca nm men v mt s vi sinh vt khc trong iu kin k kh. * Ln men l s sng khng cn oxy phn t: - Luispaster II. CC VI SINH VT THAM GIA 1. Nm men thuc chi Saccharomyces - Hnh van - Kch thc: 3-10x2-12 micromet - Sinh sn: v tnh v hu tnh - Sng k kh khng bt buc - Ln mn chiu loi ng khc nhau * mt s loi nm men thuc chi Saccharomyces: S.ellipsoides( sn xut vang nho), S. carlsbergensis( ln men ni, sn xut bia vng)

2. Nm mc Vai tr: s dng enzim nm mc bin nguyn liu khc thnh ng( tinh bt). Tinh bt ng phi nu chn nh enzim amilaza

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3. Vi khun * Zymomonasmobilis: ln men lien tc to ru km, khng n nh * Vi khun lactic: tch t nito cho nm men, to pH thch hp cho qu trnh ln men(pH = 4.5-5)

Vk lactic

III. TIU CHUN CHN GING NM MEN SACCHAROMYCES c im tt: - C kh nng tit h enzim Zymaza( 50 loi) ln men nhanh chng v hon ton - Chu c nng ru cao, ng cao, pH thp c ch cc vi khun Tp nhim xm nhp qa trnh ln men - C sc pht trin mnh trong mi trng ln men - Thch nghi vi nhit tng i cao - t i hi cc yu t dinh dng IV. IU KIN CA QU TRNH - Cc nm men ch ln men ng mono hoc disaccharit - Nng ng thch hp cho a trnh ln men l 10-15% - pH = 4 - 4.5 - Nhit : 28 -300C - Ln men trong iu kin k kh. V. C CH LEN MEN RU Phng trnh tm tt ca qu trnh ln men ru: C6H12O6 2C2H5OH+2CO2+ 113.4 KJ Thc cht qa trnh ln men din ra gm hn 10 phn ng khc nhau v chia thnh 3 giai on: Giai on 1: ng phn bin glucozo Axit pyruvic Giai on 2: Axit pyruvic axetandehyt Giai on 3: Axetandehyt ru ethylic

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1. Do xc tc ca glucokinaza C6H12O6 CH2O(H2PO3)(CHOH)4CHO+ADP 2. Di tc dng ca enzyme ng phn gluco phosphate izomeraza: CH2O(H2PO3)(CHOH)4CHO CH2O(H2PO3)(CHOH)3COCH2OH 3. Di tc dng ca phosphofructokinaza: CH2O(H2PO3)(CHOH)3COCH2OH+ATP CH2O(H2PO3)CO(CHOH)3CH2OH(H3PO4) + ADP 4. c xc tc bi aldolaza. CH2O(H2PO3)CO(CHOH)3CH2OH(H3PO4) CH2O(H2PO3)COCH2OH + H2O(H2PO3)CHOHCHO 5. Di tc dng ca enzyme triphosphate izomeraza: CH2O(H2PO3)CHOHCHO CH2O(H2PO3)COCH2OH 6. Nh xc tc ca enzyme triphosphatedehydronaza coenzyme ca n l NAD 2CH2O(H2PO3)CHOHCHO + 2H3PO4 + 2NAD 2CH2O(H2PO3)CHOHCOO~H3PO3 + 2NAD.H2 7. Vi s tham gia ca phosphoglyceratkinaza 2CH2O(H2PO3)CHOHCOO~H3PO3 + 2ADP 2CH2O(H2PO3)CHOHCOOH + 2ATP 8. Di tc dng ca enzyme acide 2-phosphoglyceromutaza 2CH2O(H2PO3)CHOHCOOH 2CH2OHCHO(H2PO3)COOH 9. Di tc dng ca enolaza 2CH2OHCHO(H2PO3)COOH 2CH2CO(H2PO3)COOH + 2H2O 10. Do enzyme pyrovatkinaza 2CH2=CO~(H2PO3)COOH + 2ADP 2CH3CO-COOH + 2ATP 11. Ti y, acide pyrovic b decarrboxyl to thnh aldehyt acetic 2CH3CO-COOH 2CO2 + 2CH3CHO 12. Giai on cui cng ca ln men ru l aldehyt acetic b kh bi NAD.H2 2CH3CH2OH + 2NAD 2CH3CHO + 2NAD.H2

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VI. HIU QU NNG LNG C6H12O6 2C2H5OH+2CO2+ 113.4 KJ Hiu qu thp: 2 ATP/glucozo H hp hiu kh: 38 ATP/glucozo H hp k kh: < 38ATP/glucozo

VII. NG DNG 1. Sn xut cng nghp ru ethylic 80% ethanol trn th gii bng con ng ln men, phn ru ethylic cn li c tng hp t ethylene tng hp ha hc do cng nfhieepj du m Trong cng ngh sinh hc sn xut ethanol ngi ta dung cc loi Saccharomyces khc nhau Ru ethulic l mt dung mi rt ph bin, ngi ta s dng ru trong cng nghip ch bin cao su nhn to este, Ru la mi ca Vit Nam a c huy chng vng ti hi ch quc t, t ru cao ngi ta pha thnh cc loi ru mi. Ru vang l loi ru ln men dch qu khn qua chng ct hin nay nc ta ang nghin cu ch to vang iu, vang vi

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2. Sn xut bia Bia l mt loi nc gii kht ln men ru nh khng chng ct gm: 92% nc, 2-9% ru ethylic v cc loi ng st, rt nhiu vitamin B, nn l loauj rt c a chung nhiu nc. hin nay nc ta mi nm sn xut khong 100 t lt bia Bn nguyn liu c bn quyt nh cht lng bia: + La mch mc mm Hoa Houblon Nm men\ Nc Qu trnh lm bia gm 2 cng on ch yu - Nu malt - Ln men, nho trn, chin S quy trnh sn xut bia Nguyn liu: Malt Hoa Houblon, Nc (70%malt + 30% go) ng ha (nng ng t 110Bx hay 10%) Thanh trng 115 oC trong 30 pht Ln men chnh (cy nm men) Ln men ph, chin bia Thnh phm

3. Nm men ru lm n bt m Hng nm trn th gii sn xut v tiu th khong 1,7 triu tn nm men lm n bt m c tin hnh trong iu kin khng kh cc bnh nui cy kin tc ci mt thanh trng ln men 100m3 c th thu c 5 tn nm men lm n bt m sau 20h Thng gi tt th c th sinh ra 100g sinh khi nm men + 140,14g CO2 + 78,12g H2O chnh cc CO2 s n ra khi nng bnh lm cho bnh xp Ging nm men lm n bt m l S.cerevisiae phi t nhng tiu chun sau: D khuch tn vo nc, c c tnh sinh ha n nh v bn vng tt, kh nng sinh sn nhanh, nng sut ln men cao, hm lng cht dinh dng d hp th cao.

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4. Sn xut sinh khi nm men, sn xut protein n bo Nm men c nhiu ueue im so vi cc vi sinh vt khc to sinh khi sinh trng v pht trin nhanh, ln men nhanh, tn dng ph liu r tin, c thnh phn dinh dng ht sc qu gi i vi con ngi v vt nui. T Saccharomyces cerevisiae ti t hp ngi ta chit c cc nhn t hooc mn sinh trng ca b, khng nguyn Heapatir B, tng hp protein t nm men c th s dng nhiu loi nguyn liu khc nhau, nh ngun cacbon: R ng, bt ng cc, nc thi ca nh my, 5. S dng nm men trong sn xut vitamin v enzym Vitamin t nm men c sn xut di hai dng Dng th: nh thc n cho ngi v vt nui, trong b ln men Dng tinh khit bng nhiu cch ty theo cng ngh ca tng nc. Ngy nay, nhiu enzym sn xut c t nm men bn g con ng cng ngh sinh hc v tr thnh hng ha bn trn th trng th gii. trong cc loi enzym c bn trn th trng th gii, th proteaza chim 59%; Glucanaza chim 28%; Lipaza chim 3% v 10% thuc cc enzyme khc nhau 6. Nm men c dng trong cng nghip AND Trong cng ngh AND ngi ta c th chuyn mt on gen t t bo cho sang t bo nhn. trc khi chuyn ngi ta c th dng k thut PCR nhn nhanh cc on AND cn chuyn. Ty thuc v kch thc v tnh cht ca vt cho v vt nhn, mc ch ca cng ngh m ngi ta chn loi vec t c th Plasmid, phage, cosmide, YAC S.cerevisiae v nhiu loi nm men khc ngi ta tm thy cc plasmid, cc nhim sc th nhn to YAC 7. Sn xut cc sn phm truyn thng: a. Ru np than Sn phm ru ca Vit Nam c sn xut bng phng php th cng t nguyn liu l np than. Ru np than khng qua chng ct, im c bit l sn phm cui gm dch ln men ln b ln men c lm nhuyn Thnh phn ca ru ngoi mt lng ng v ru nht nh cn c mt s cht khng c ru chng ct nh vitamin (vitamin B1, B2, B12), amino acid (asparagine, lysine, acid glutamic). C gi tr dinh dng, gip tiu ha tt. Go np vo sch, ngm 3-4 gi, ro, nu chn ngui
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B sung bnh men t l 2-3%, trn u v cho vo h hay vi Trong ln men ru np than, vi cn thp 7-10%, ethanol d dng b oxy V th sau khi ln men phi b sung mt lng ru tinh khit, nng cao nng ru, trnh oxy ha ru lm gim cht lng. Sn phm cui cng c th 2 dng: Dng c: sau khi ln men em c khi ln men xay nhuyn, b sung ru v . Dng trong: sau khi ln men, xay nhuyn xc b, b sung ru. Sau em lc v thu phn dch trong em . Ru c ni c nhit n nh v mt t nht 6 thng trc khi s dng. b. Ru cn Ru cn l thc ung c o mang m bn sc ca ngi dn tc min ni. Ln men theo phng php c truyn khng qua chng ct, khng qua hm cn v khng s dng b ru, ch s dng dch ln men. Ru c mi thm du c trng, v ngt, khng cay, khng ng. Trong sn xut ru cn, ngi ta dng vi sinh t nhin t bnh men l. Nguyn liu lm bnh men: Go v cc loi cy l c trng mi dn tc nh cy ng v cy me k zt (dn tc KHo) hay cy B hinh ho", "khi mc ci", c ring, l tru khng, qu t (dn tc Thi); v, l cy Blakda (dn tc Banna)Cc loi l cy ny c tnh khng khun, cha tinh du tao hng v cho ru. Ch lm ru ra sch, trng nc si, phi kh. Go, bp mi gi, nu va chn, ngui v trn thm vi tru Trn bnh men l vo hn hp cm - tru cn m theo t l 3 bnh men/5kg nguyn liu bc l chui sch hoc cho vo gi (di y gi phi lt sn tru), mt m gia tng sinh khi ca vi sinh vt trong men. La l tru ln lt bn trong y ch, cm men ln n cch ming ch khong 10 phn th mt lp tru dy. Nhi tro vi nc bt ming ch ru.
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Sau khong 1 thng ru dng c, c mi thm nh, v ngt m, mi thm. ru c s hi ha gia cc thnh phn acid hu c, cn, ng v hng thm. Nng cn trong ru cn tng ng hay cao hn 1-2% so vi cn ca bia. Ngy nay, men l khng d tm, cht lng ru khng n nh, do ngi dn bn x s dng bnh men Trung Quc hay bnh men sn xut trong nc 8. Trong y t - Cn kh trng - Sinh khi nm men sn xut dch truyn

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PHN III: KT LUN

Nh vy c th ni rng ln men ru ethylic l qu trnh ln men phc tp phn gii ng thnh ru ethylic v CO2 c s tham gia ca nm men v mt s vi sinh vt khc trong iu kin k kh. y l qu trnh ln men quan trng v rt ph bin c con ngi ng dng trong cuc sng v trong nhiu lnh vc nhm ci thin cuc sng gia nh v pht trin kinh t t nc. Tc nhn khng th thiu ca ln men ru l cc loi nm men n c xem nh chic my cy ca cng ngh sinh hc c s dng sn xut protein, enzim, vitamin, v gp phn khng nh trong y hc

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TI LIU THAM KHO

Gio trnh: 1.C s sinh hc vi sinh vt ca nguyn thnh t 2. vi sinh hc ca nh xut bn gio dc Trang web: http://www.google.com.vn/
http://www.khoahoc

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