B GIAO THNG VN TI

HC VIN HNG KHNG VIT NAM

B MN
THNG TIN DI NG

GVHD : THY V VN TN
SVTH :
TRN NGUYN MINH TON
NGUYN TH CT CHI
NGUYN PHAN MINH

Thnh ph H Ch Minh (12/2010)

CNDVK1 - Nhm 11

THNG TIN DI NG
MOBILE IP

1. Gii thiu Mobile IP ............................................................................................... 3

1.1 Cc khi nim ........................................................................................... 3
1.2 Cc chun v c trng ........................................................................... 4
1.3 Cc phin bn........................................................................................... 4
2. Nguyn l hot ng ............................................................................................. 5
2.1 Agent Discovery........................................................................................ 5
2.2 Registration............................................................................................... 6
2.3 Data Transfer ............................................................................................ 8
2.3.1 Encapsulation & Optimization ....................................................... 8
2.3.2 Routing .......................................................................................... 9
2.3.3 Tunneling ...................................................................................... 10
3. Hng pht trin ................................................................................................... 11
3.1 GPRS ....................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Fourth Generation (4G) ............................................................................ 13
4 Ti liu tham kho .................................................................................................. 13

Mobile IP

Trang 2

CNDVK1 - Nhm 11
1. Gii thiu Mobile IP :
1.1 Cc khi nim :
* Giao thc IP (Internet Protocol) : giao thc lin mng, hng d liu
c s dng bi cc my ch ngun v ch truyn d liu trong mt lin
mng chuyn mch gi. D liu trong mt lin mng IP c gi theo cc khi gi
l cc gi (packet hoc datagram). Giao thc IP cung cp mt dch v gi d liu
khng m bo, ngha l gi d liu c th n ni m khng cn nguyn vn v
khng theo th t. Trn Internet th a ch IP ca mi ngi l duy nht v n s
i din cho chnh ngi .
* Mobile IP : l mt giao thc ca IETF gip ngi dng vi thit b di
ng ca mnh c th di chuyn t mng ny sang mng kia m vn duy tr c
lin lc ang din ra, ng thi khng thay i a ch IP c nh ca n. IP tr
thnh giao thc khng th thiu trong th gii di ng v trong cng ngh tng lai
(4G).
Mobile IP cho php thit b di ng c 2 a ch : a ch nh (c nh vnh
vin) v a ch care-of (thay i khi thit b di chuyn sang mng khc).
Cc khi nim dng trong Mobile IP :
Mobile Node (MN) : trm di ng c gn c nh mt a ch IP t HA.
Home Agent (HA) : i din thng tr ca MN, v c th thng tin vi MN
theo trc tuyn khng ph thuc vo v tr hin hu ca MN.
Forign Agent (FA) : i din tm tr. Khi MN ra khi ni thng tr, n
phi c mt a ch tm tr v thng bo a ch ny cho HA bit a ch
hin hu ca MN.
Care-of Address (CoA) : a ch tm do FA cp khi MN di chuyn sang
mng khc.
Correspondent Node (CN) : trm mong mun gi d liu n MN.
Registration Request (RRQ) : Yu cu ng k c MN gi n FA v HA

Mobile IP

Trang 3

CNDVK1 - Nhm 11
1.2 Cc chun v c trng :
1.2.1 Cc chun trong Mobile IP :
- Approved by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) in June 1996;
published proposed standard in Nov. 1996
- Mobile IP is an IETF proposed standard solution for mobility at Layer 3 IP

RFC2002/3220 - Mobile IP

RFC2003 and RFC2004 - Tunnel encapsulation

RFC2005 - Mobile IP applicability

RFC2006 - Mobile IP MIB

- Associated RFCs

RFC1701 GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation

RFC3024 - Reverse Tunneling for Mobile IP

1.2.2 Cc c trng ca Mobile IP :

Mobile IP h tr kh nng di ng lp IP (lp mng) cho cc thit b u
cui vi hai c trng c bn sau :
S di ng hon ton trong sut i vi cc ng dng bn trn lp IP.
Ngha l cc ng dng c thc hin ging nh khi thit b u cui
khng di chuyn.
L giao thc da trn IP nn Mobile IP c th c trin khai trn bt
k mng truy nhp no, bao gm c cc mng hu tuyn (PSTN,
ISDN, Ethernet, xDSL,) v v tuyn (WLAN, GPRS, UMTS).
1.2.3 Cc phin bn : MIPv4, MIPv6, Hierarchical MIP, Fast MIP, NEMO
- MIPv4 : Gii php di ng cho mng s dng IPv4. Giao thc Internet phin
bn 4 (Internet Protocol version 4) l phin bn th 4 trong qu trnh pht trin
cc ca cc giao thc. Hin nay, MIPv4 vn ang c s dng rng ri nht.
- MIPv6 : Gii php di ng cho mng s dng IPv6. a ch IP s dng 128
bit m ha d liu, n cho php s dng nhiu a ch hn so vi Ipv4.

Mobile IP

Trang 4

CNDVK1 - Nhm 11
2. Nguyn l hot ng :

Lm th no MN bit n ang u ?
Lm th no MN thng bo cho HA bit v tr hin ti ca n ?
Lm th no MN nhn d liu t HA ?
2.1 Agent Discovery :

- Cc tc nhn di ng (HA/FA) c th qung b s c mt ca mnh trn mi

tuyn m n cung cp dch v. Mt MN khi mi n, cng c th gi i bn tin tm
kim tc nhn trn tuyn m n lin kt ti. Bt k agent no khi nhn c yu
cu ny s tr li bng bn tin qung co tc nhn (Mobility Agent
Advertisements) hay thng ip bo hiu (Beacon messages).

Mobile IP

Trang 5

CNDVK1 - Nhm 11
- MN s lng nghe cc thng ip ny tin hnh ng k.

+ Trong hnh trn MR s pht i cc thng ip tm kim tc nhn n tuyn c

a ch l 224.0.0.2
+ FA phn hi thng ip t MR km theo CoA.
+ Sau khi nhn c qung co tc nhn, MR s xc nh tc nhn ny l HA/FA.
+ Nu l FA (tc MN ang ngoi phm vi ca HA) th n s tin hnh ng k.
Ngc li th Mobile IP khng cn thit s dng.

2.1 Registration :
Khi ra khi mng gc, MN phi ng k CoA vi HA. Tu thuc vo phng thc
lin kt vi FA, MN c th ng k trc tip vi HA hoc gin tip thng qua FA
(FA chuyn tip cc bn tin ng k gia MN v HA).
* Registration Request :

Mobile IP

Trang 6

CNDVK1 - Nhm 11
- MN nhn COA t qung co tc nhn v tin hnh gi yu cu ng k
(RRQ).
- RRQ ca MN bao gm a ch nh do HA cung cp v key chia s gia MN
v HA xc thc.
- FA chng thc yu cu, ng thi chuyn tip RRQ n HA. Do MN
thng bo cho HA a ch care-of hin thi ca n bng vic gi yu cu ng k
qua FA.

* RRQ Reply :

Mobile IP

Trang 7

CNDVK1 - Nhm 11
- HA kim tra tnh ng n ca RRQ v tnh xc thc ca MN thng qua t
kha ring (message diggest). Nu sai, HA gi phn hi cho MN thng qua FA.
Ngc li, HA s to mt bng lin kt gip s ha a ch nh v a ch careof ca MN.
Mobility Binding Table
o
o

Maintained on HA of MN
Maps MNs home address
with its current COA

Visitor List
o
o

Maintained on FA serving
an MN
Maps MNs home address
to its MAC address and HA
address

2.3 Data Transfer :

Sau khi ng k thnh cng, cc gi tin gi n MN trn mng gc s c HA
ng gi v chuyn tip (tunnel) ti CoA hin thi ca MN. Ba phng thc ng
gi c th s dng l: IP-in-IP, MHE v GRE.
2.3.1 ng gi v ti u ha (Encapsulation & Optimization) :

Mobile IP

Trang 8

CNDVK1 - Nhm 11
D liu gi n MN (gm data v a ch IP nh ca MN) c ng li thnh
mt gi mi bao gm data gc v 2 header (outer v inner). Cc gi d liu ny c
th c nn li gim dung lng v tng tc truyn ti.
Cc gi ny sau c HA gi n FA. Ti y FA s b i outer header ri
gi cho MN. Cui cng gi d liu khi n MN s c lc b inner header, ch
cn li data gc ban u.

2.3.2 nh tuyn (Routing) :

- Cc gi tin gi i t MN c chuyn trc tip ti ni gi (CN Correspondent Node). Tuy nhin, cc gi tin gi cho MN lun c nh tuyn
qua HA. Vn ny c gi l nh tuyn tam gic.
- Vic ti u ho ng i c thc hin trn giao thc IPv4: mi CN s duy
tr mt kho cha lin kt, cha a ch care-of ca cc MN. Khi cc gi tin s
c chuyn tip trc tip t CN n a ch care-of hin thi ca MN.

Mobile IP

Trang 9

CNDVK1 - Nhm 11
2.3.3 Chuyn tip (Tunneling) :
- Sau khi nh tuyn, HA s s to nn 2 ng thng tin ni gia HA vi FA
v gia FA vi MN (hay HA vi MN).

- Khi CN gi d liu cho MN, n s c a n HA. D liu s c ng

gi vi header l a ch ca HA v FA. Khi a n FA, d liu c g b
header a ch HA ri chuyn tip n MN. Ti MN cc header s c g b ch
cn d liu nguyn vn ban u.
- Mt khi MN gi thng ip ng k mi (tc khi MN chuyn vng), nh
tuyn c s b v hiu. Cn trong trng hp MN ang nh th bng lin kt v
vic chuyn vng khng cn cn thit.
- D liu m CN gi n MN s c chuyn tip qua HA, ngc li d liu t
MN s c chuyn trc tip cho CN.

Mobile IP

Trang 10

CNDVK1 - Nhm 11

3. Hng pht trin :

3.1 GPRS :
-

Mc d GPRS c kh nng h tr s dng nhiu giao thc lp mng khc nhau

(IP, X.25,) vic s dng giao thc IP li t ra vt tri hn c. Xu hng
hin nay l cc mng u h tr giao thc IP.

Vic la chn giao thc IP cho mng v tuyn cng c nhiu l do khc nhau :

Th nht, vic xy dng cc mng trn c s IP gip cc ng dng c

vit cho mng hu tuyn c th hot ng c trn mng v tuyn.

Th hai, gim chi ph nh vic tch hp v qun l tp trung cc mng

hu tuyn v v tuyn.

Th ba, nhng ci tin trn cng ngh IP, nh cht lng dch v
(QoS) c th c p dng trc tip trn mng v tuyn.

Mobile IP

Trang 11

CNDVK1 - Nhm 11
-

Ngoi ra, vic hng ti mt mng IP cho php pht trin v a ra cc dch
v theo yu cu rt d dng, cho php cc dch v c mt mi ni, bt k s
khc bit hay cc tr ngi v k thut trn h tng mng.

Ngi dng c th thc hin cc kt ni IP t bt k mng truy nhp no, bao

gm c GPRS. Ni cch khc khng c s khc bit no gia vic s dng
mng Ethernet, WLAN, hay GPRS khi truy nhp Internet v ngi dng c
th di chuyn t h thng ny sang h thng khc m vn duy tr c cc kt
ni bn trn lp IP. y cng chnh l iu m Mobile IP c th lm c trn
GPRS.

Hai bc cn phi thc hin pht trin h thng GPRS theo hng h tr
Mobile IP : Trong bc u tin ch cn thc hin mt s thay i nh l c th
cho php ngi dng di chuyn gia cc mng GPRS h tr Mobile IP. Bc
tip theo l ti u ho ng i, gip cho vic trao i thng tin hiu qu hn.

Mobile IP

Trang 12

CNDVK1 - Nhm 11
3.2 Fourth Generation (4G) :
- T sau s ra i ca MIPv4, c rt nhiu nghin cu nhm gim thi gian t
lc d chuyn n lc HA nhn c thng tin CoA ca MN (delay). Cng vi s
ra i ca IPv6, MIPv6 cng c ngh. Hin ti Mobile IP vn ang c
tip tc nghin cu v hon thin. Mobile IP ha hn l mt gii php cho chuyn
giao mng trong th h mng th 4 (heterogeneous networks).

4. Ti liu tham kho :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_IP
http://vntelecom.org/diendan
http:// ietf.org
Mobile Networking Technology Cisco Systems. 2002

Mobile IP

Trang 13