STAGE 1: The birth rate and death rate fluctuate at a high level, so the population stays low.

The birth rate is high because there is no birth control or family planning and education is poor. Lots of children die young (theres high infant mortality), so parents have more children so that enough survive to work on farms, as well as look after them in later life. Theres high death rate, because theres poor health cares, sanitation and diet, leading to disease and starvation. STAGE 2: The death rate falls while the birth rate remains high, so the population increases rapidly. The death rate falls because health care, sanitation and diet improve. The birth rate remains high, because there is little birth control or family planning. STAGE 3: The birth rate falls rapidly while the death rate falls more slowly. This causes the population to increase at a slower rate. The birth rate falls rapidly because of the increase use of birth control and family planning. Also, the economy becomes more heavily based on manufacturing than agriculture, so fewer children are needed to work on farms. STAGE 4: The birth rate and death rate fluctuate at a low level, so the population remains stable but high. The birth rate stays low because there is an increased demand for luxuries and material possessions, so less money is available to raise children. Theyre not needed to work to provide income, so parents have fewer children. STAGE 5: The birth rate begins to fall while the death rate remains stable. This means the populations begins to decrease. The birth rate falls because children are expensive to raise and people often have dependent elderly relatives. The death rate remains steady despite continued health care advances as larger generations of elderly people die.