BI TP T LUN & TRC NGHIM CHNG II.

10NC Chng II: NH LUT TUN HON V H THNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HA HC A: L THUYT * Xc nh v tr ca cc nguyn t trong bng h thng tun hon v tnh cht ha hc ca chng khi bit in tch ht nhn. Xc nh cng thc, tnh cht ha hc n cht v hp cht ca mt nguyn t khi bit v tr ca n trong bng tun hon: - Vit cu hnh electron theo mc nng lng tng dn - Xc nh v tr nguyn t trong bng tun hon (, chu k, nhm) - Xc nh nguyn t l kim loi, phi kim, hay kh him - Vit cng thc cc hp cht ca nguyn t: Nhm A I II III IV V VI VII Oxit cao nht R2O RO R2O3 RO2 R2O5 RO3 R2O7 Ha tr cao I II III IV V VI VII nht vi oxi Hp cht kh RH4 RH3 RH2 RH vi hidro Kh Kh (H2R) kh (HR) kh Ha tr vi IV III II I hidro Hidroxit cao ROH R(OH)2 R(OH)3 H2RO3 HRO3 H2RO4 HRO4 nht B: BI TP: 1- Anion X- v cation Y2+ u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. Xc nh v tr ca X, Y trong bng h thng tun hon 2- Nguyn t X c cu hnh electron l 1s22s22p3. Xc nh v tr ca nguyn t ny trong bng h thng tun hon v hp cht n gin nht vi hidro 3- Nguyn t X c s th t Z = 37. Xc nh v tr ca nguyn t ny trong bng h thng tun hon 4- Xt cc nguyn t Cl, Al, Na, P, F. Sp xp cc nguyn t theo th t tng dn ca bn knh nguyn t 5- Cho bit trong cc nguyn t ca cc nguyn t X, Y, Z, cc electron c mc nng lng cao nht c xp vo cc phn lp c cu hnh l: 2p3 (X); 4s1 (Y) v 3d1 (Z). Xc nh v tr ca cc nguyn t ny trong bng h thng tun hon 6- Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca nguyn t mt nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VII l 28. Tm nguyn t khi ca nguyn t nguyn t ny 7- Nguyn t nguyn t X thuc nhm VA ca bng tun hon c tng s ht p, n, e l 47. Hy m t cu to nguyn t ca nguyn t X (thnh phn cu to ht nhn nguyn t, s lp electron, s electron mi lp) 8- Hai nguyn t M1 v M2 thuc cng 1 nhm, tng in tch ht nhn l 22. Xc nh v tr ca M1 v M2 trong bng tun hon 9- Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s cc ht p, n, e l 52, trong tng s cc ht mang in nhiu gp 1,889 ln s ht khng mang in. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t X, xc nh v tr ca X trong bng tun hon v gi tn X 10- A v B l 2 nguyn t thuc nhm A trong bng tun hon a) Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c 2e lp ngoi cng. Hp cht X ca A vi oxi c 28,57% khi lng oxi. Xc nh A b) Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c 7e lp ngoi cng. Y l hp cht ca B vi hidro. Bit 5,6g X tc dng va vi 200g dung dch Y c nng 3,65%. Xc nh B 11- Nguyn t X thuc nhm VIA. Nguyn t ca n c tng s ht p, n, e l 24 a) Xc nh nguyn t X. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca X b) Y l nguyn t m nguyn t ca n km nguyn t X 2 proton. Xc nh Y Gv: Nguyn S Bo Trng THPT L Hng Phong Ph Yn

c) X v Y kt hp vi nhau to thnh hp cht Z, trong t l khi lng gia X v Y l 4 : 3. Tm cng thc phn t ca Z 12- Nguyn t nguyn t X thuc nhm VIA ca bng tun hon c tng s ht p, n, e l 48. Xc nh X 13- Mt hp cht ion cu to t ion M2+ v ion X-. Trong phn t MX2 c tng s ht (p, n, e) l 186 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in la 54 ht. S khi ca ion M2+ ln hn s khi ca ion X- l 21. Tng s ht trong ion M2+ nhiu hn trong ion X- l 27. Vit cu hnh electron ca cc ion M2+; X- . Xc nh v tr ca M, X trong bng tun hon 14- Nguyn t Y l phi kim thuc chu k 3 ca bng tun hon, Y to c hp cht kh vi hidro v cng thc oxit cao nht l YO3. Nguyn t Y to vi kim loi M cho hp cht c cng thc MY2, trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. Xc nh tn M 15- Nguyn t X to c ion X- c 116 ht gm p, n v e. Xc nh cng thc oxit cao nht v hidroxit cao nht ca X 16- Hidroxit cao nht ca 1 nguyn t R c dng HRO4. R cho hp cht kh vi hidro cha 2,74% hidro theo khi lng. Xc nh tn R 17- Mt phi kim Y l cht kh (ktc) dng n cht c s oxi ha dng cao nht bng 5/3 s oxi ha m thp nht (tnh theo tr s tuyt i). Xc nh kh Y 18- Mt nguyn t R c ha tr trong oxit bc cao nht bng ha tr trong hp cht kh vi hidro, phn t khi oxit ny bng 1,875 ln phn t khi hp cht kh vi hidro. Xc nh tn R 19- a) Nguyn t A c cng thc ca oxit l AO2, trong phn trm khi lng ca A v O bng nhau. Xc nh A b) Nguyn t R c cng thc oxit cao nht l RO2, hp cht vi hidro ca R cha 75% khi lng ca R. Xc nh R 20- Nguyn t R thuc nhm A. Trong oxit cao nht R chim 40% khi lng. Xc nh cng thc oxit 21- Mt nguyn t to hp cht kh vi hidro c cng thc RH3. Trong oxit bc cao nht ca R, nguyn t oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t 22- Nguyn t X c ha tr cao nht vi oxi gp 3 ln ha tr trong hp cht kh vi hidro. Gi A l cng thc hp cht oxit cao nht, B l cng thc hp cht kh vi hidro ca X. T khi hi ca A so vi B l 2,353. Xc nh nguyn t X 23- Trong hp cht oxit cao nht, nguyn t R c s oxi ha l +5. Trong hp cht ca R vi hidro, hidro chim 8,82% v khi lng a) Tm nguyn t R b) Vit cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to hp cht oxit v hp cht vi hidro ca R 24- Hp cht kh vi hidro ca 1 nguyn t ng vi cng thc RH4. Oxit cao nht ca n cha 72,73% oxi theo khi lng a) Xc nh R. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t R b) Vit cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to hp cht oxit cao nht ca R v hidroxit 25- Nguyn t X c ha tr I trong hp cht kh vi hidro. Trong hp cht oxit cao nht X chim t l 38,8% v khi lng a) Xc nh X. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t X b) Vit cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to hp cht vi hidro v cng thc oxit cao nht ca X 26- Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c electron lp ngoi cng c biu din bng cng thc 3p3 Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c 6e lp ngoi cng. Trong hp cht ca Y vi hidro, Y chim 88,89% v khi lng X kt hp vi Y to thnh hp cht Z trong X chim 43,66%. Z c phn t khi l 142 a) Xc nh 2 nguyn t X v Y b) Tm cng thc hp cht Z v vit cng thc cu to ca Z 27- C 2 kh AOx v BHy. T khi ca AOx i vi BHy l 2,59. Trong AOx oxi chim 72,73% khi lng, cn trong BHy hidro chim 17,65% khi lng. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 kh trn 28- Khi cho 0,6g mt kim loi nhm IIA tc dng vi nc to 0,336 lt kh hidro (ktc). Xc nh tn kim loi Gv: Nguyn S Bo Trng THPT L Hng Phong Ph Yn

29- Cho 8,8g mt hn hp hai kim loi nm 2 chu k lin tip nhau v thuc nhm IIIA, tc dng vi dd HCl d th thu c 6,72 lt kh hidro (ktc). Xc nh tn 2 kim loi 30- Cho 6,9g mt kim loi X thuc nhm IA tc dng vi nc, ton b kh thu c cho tc dng vi CuO un nng. Sau phn ng thu c 9,6g ng kim loi. Xc nh tn X. TRC NGHIM 1. Hai nguyn t A, B nm 2 phn nhm chnh lin tip trong bng HTTH. B thuc nhm V. trang thi n cht A v B khng phn ng vi nhau. Tng s p trong ht nhn nguyn t A va B l 23. A, B ln lt l: A. C v Cl B. O v P C. N v S D. S v N 3+ 2. M to ra c ion bn M , tng s ht n, p, e trong ion ny l 37. V tr ca M trong bng HTTH: A. chu k 4, phn nhm IIIA B. chu k 4, phn nhm VIIB C. chu k 3, phn nhm IIA D. chu k 3, phn nhm IIIA 3. Mt nguyn t X thuc nhm V trong bng HTTH. N to hp cht kh vi hiro v chim 91.176% v khi lng trong hp cht . X l: A. As (M= 75) B. Sb (M = 122) C. N (M= 14) D. P (M= 31) 4. Nguyn t M thuc chu k 4, nhm IIB trong bng HTTH. Cu hnh e ca M trang thi c bn l: A. 1s22s22p63s23p6 3d104s2 B. 1s22s22p63s23p6 4s2 C. 1s22s22p63s23p6 3d2 D. 1s22s22p63s234s23d2 5. Nguyn t X c cu hnh e cc phn lp ngoi l 3dx4s1. X c th l: A. Cu B. Cr C. K D. K hoc Cr hoc Cu 6. Nguyn t R c th to c oxit RO2 trong oxi chim 30,476% v khi lng. R l: A. Se (M= 79) B. Ge (M=73) C. S (M=32) D. Si (M=28) 7. Sp xp m in ca cc nguyn t C, Al, Ca, Rb theo th t tng dn: A. C < Ca < Al < Rb B. Rb < Ca < Al < C C. C < Al < Ca < Rb D. Al < Ca < Rb < C 8. Th t tng dn tnh axit ca H2SO3, HClO3, HBrO3, HIO3 c sp xp l: A. H2SO3 < HIO3 < HBrO3 < HClO3 B. H2SO3 < HClO3 < HBrO3 < HIO3 C. HClO3 < HBrO3 < HIO3 < H2SO3 D. HIO3 < HBrO3 < HClO3 < H2SO3 9. Cho cc nguyn t X1 (Z=27); X2(Z=24); X3(Z=35); X4(Z=40). Nhng nguyn t thuc phn nhm ph l: A. X1, X2, X3 B. X2, X3, X4 C. X1, X2, X4 D. X1, X4 10. Nguyn t X c s hiu nguyn t l 35. Oxit cao nht ca X l: A. XO3 B. X2O C. XO2 D. X2O7 11. 3 nguyn t X, Y, Z thuc cng 1 nhm v 3 chu k lin tip nhau. X l phi kim to hp cht vi Kali trong y X chim 17,02% v khi lng. X to c vi Y 2 hp cht A, B. Trong A v B phn trm v khi lng ca Y ln lt l 50% v 40%. Khi lng nguyn t ca Z nhiu hn tng khi lng nguyn t X v Y l 4. X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. O, S, Se B. F, Cl, Mn C. O, S, Cr D. Cl, Mn, Br 12. Tnh baz ca cc hiroxit CsOH, Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Mg(OH)2 c sp xp theo trt t no? A. Mg(OH)2 > Sr(OH)2 > Ba(OH)2 > CsOH B. CsOH > Mg(OH)2 > Sr(OH)2 > Ba(OH)2 C. CsOH > Ba(OH)2 > Sr(OH)2 > Mg(OH)2 D. Ba(OH)2 > Sr(OH)2 > Mg(OH)2 > CsOH 13. Nguyn t X c Z = 16, cng thc hiroxit ng vi oxit cao nht ca X l: A. X(OH)3 B. H2XO4 C. X(OH)2 D. H2XO3 14. M3+ c cu hnh e phn mc nng lng cao nht l 3d4. Vi tr ca M trong bng HTTH l: A. chu k 4, Phn nhm IIIB B. chu k 4, Phn nhm IA C. chu k 4, Phn nhm VIIB D. chu k 4, Phn nhm VIIIB 15. Tnh axit ca cc axit HCl, HBr, HI, H2S c sp xp theo trt t no? A. HCl > HBr > HI > H2S B. HI > HBr > HCl > H2S C. H2S > HCl > HBr > HI D. H2S > HI > HBr > HCl

Gv: Nguyn S Bo Trng THPT L Hng Phong Ph Yn

16. Hn hp X gm 2 kim loi cng thuc 1 phn nhm chnh 2 chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH. Khi ha tan hon ton 8,8 g hn hp X trong HCl d th thu c 6,72 l H 2 (ktc). 2 kim loi l: A. Ca v Ba hoc Na v K B. Na, K C. Ca, Ba D. Be, Mg 17. Nng lng ion ha th nht ca cc nguyn t Li, Be, Rb, K, Na s c sp xp theo th t gim dn l: A. Rb > K > Na > Li > Be B. Be > Li > Na > K > Rb C. Li > Be > Rb > K > Na D. Li > Be > Na > K > Rb 18. Hp cht X to bi 2 nguyn t A, B v c khi lng phn t l 76.A v B c ha tr cao nht vi oxi ln lt l nO v mO v ha tr vi hiro ln lt l nH v mH, tha mn nO = nH; mO=3mH. A, B ln lt l: A. S v C B. S v Si C. Si v S D. C v S 19. Tng s ht n, p, e trong nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t M v X ln lt l 82 v 52. chng to thnh hp cht MXa. Trong phn t hp cht ny tng s p l 77. p n no ng: A. M l Na; X l As; a = 2 B. M l Fe; X l Cl; a = 3 C. M l Ba; X l N; a = 3 D. M l Sn; X l F; a = 3 20. Hy sp xp cc nguyn t Cl, Al, Na, F, P theo th t bn knh nguyn t tng dn: A. Na < F < Cl < P < Al B. Cl < P < Al < Na < F C. F < Na < Al < P < Cl D. F < Cl <P < Al < Na 21. Cc ion S2-, Cl-, K+, Ca2+ u c cu hnh chung l 3s23p6. Hy sp xp chng theo th t bn knh ion gim dn: A. S2- > Cl - > K+ > Ca2+ B. K+ > Ca2+ > S2- > Cl 2+ + 2C. Ca > K > Cl > S D. S2- > Cl - > K+ > Ca2+ 22. X, Y l 2 nguyn t cng mt phn nhm thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong bng HTTT. Tng s proton trong 2 ht nhn ca X, Y l 32. Ion m X, Y c th to thnh l: A. X2-, Y2B. X2+, Y2+ C. X2-, Y2+ D. X2+, Y223. Nguyn t X thuc chu k 4 nhm VI trong bng HTTH. Cu hnh e y ca X l: A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 hoc 1s22s22p63s23p4 B. 1s22s22p63s23p4 C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2 D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 24. Hp cht A c cng thc MXn trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. M l kim loi, X l phi kim thuc chu k 3. Trong ht nhn ca M c n - p =4; trong ht nhn ca X c n' = p'. tng s p trong A l 58. Cng thc ca A l: A. AlCl3 B. FeS2 C. MnCl2 D. ZnS2 25. Cho cc nguyn t X1(Z = 12), X2 (Z =18), X3 (Z =26), X4 (Z =14), X5 (Z =6). Nhng nguyn t thuc cng mt chu k l: A. X1, X3 B. X1, X3, X5 C. X1, X3, X4, X5 D. X1, X2, X4 26. Nguyn t X thuc phn nhm chnh trong bng HTTH c s th t ca nhm bng 1/3 s th t chu k. X l: A. Ba B. Na hoc Ba C. K D. Na 27. Cho cc nguyn t X1(Z = 12), X2 (Z =18), X3 (Z =14), X4 (Z =30). Nhng nguyn t thuc cng mt nhm l: A. X1, X2, X4 B. X1, X2 C. X1, X4 D. X1, X3 28. Sp xp m in ca cc nguyn t C, Al, Ca, Rb theo th t tng dn: A. C < Al < Ca < Rb B. Al < Ca < Rb < C C. C < Ca < Al < Rb D. Rb < Ca < Al < C 29. X, Y, R, A, B ln lt l 5 nguyn t lin tip trong bng HTTT (bt u t X c in tch ht nhn b nht). tng in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca 5 nguyn t l 90. Cc nguyn t y ln lt l: A. Cl, Ar, K, Ca, Sc B. Si, P, S, Cl, Ar C. S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca D. Na, Mg, Al, Si, P 30. Trong s cc nguyn t: He, Na, Mg, Cs. Nguyn t c nng lng ion ha thp nht l: A. Na B. Mg C. He D. Cs Gv: Nguyn S Bo Trng THPT L Hng Phong Ph Yn

Gv: Nguyn S Bo Trng THPT L Hng Phong Ph Yn