nh l c b n c a i s

nh l M i a th c b c dng u c nghi m trn tr ng s ph c Ch ng minh Khng m t tnh t ng qut ta lun c th gi s a th c c a ta c d ng p(z) = z n + a1 z n1 + + an1 z + an , n 1. Gi s ph n ch ng r ng a th c p khng c nghi m. K hi u Sr l ng trn |z| = r, c bn knh r, tm 0 trn m t ph ng ph c C. V i m t a th c p cho tr c, ta lun c th ch n m t s th c r >> 0 sao cho rn > |a1 |rn1 + + |an1 |r + an . Xt nh x F : Sr I C nh ngha b i cng th c F (z, t) = z n + t.(a1 z n1 + + an1 z + an ). V |z| = r v 0 t 1 v b t ng th c trn ta c |F (z, t)| |z|n + t.(|a1 ||z|n1 + + |an1 ||z| + |an |), t c l nh c a nh x F n m hon ton trong C\{0}. Xt nh x G : S1 I : S1 l h p thnh c a cc nh x nh sau: S I Sr I C\{0} S1 , trong l nh x cho b i cng th c (z, t) = (rz, t). Ni cch khc, nh x G(z, t) c cng th c G(z, t) = F (rz, t) |F (r, t)| . F (r, t) |F (rz, t)|
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F (z,t) F (r,t) z |z|

t f (z) = G(z, 0) v g(z) = G(z, 1). D dng ki m tra c cc i u sau y: f v g l cc nh x S1 S1 ; f g v f (1) = G(1, 0) = G(1, t) = G(1, 1) = g(1) = 1 v i m i 0 t 1. V v y deg(f ) = deg(g). M d tnh c r ng f (z) = z n . V y deg(g) = n 1. M t khc, n u ta xt nh x H : S1 I : S1 cho b i cng th c p(rzt) |p(rt)| H(z, t) = p(rt) |p(rzt)| ta th y nh x H(z, t) c nh ngha t t v a th c p lun khc 0. Hn n a, ta c H(1, t) = 1 v i m i 0 t 1, h(z) = H(z, 0) = 1 v |p(r)| H(z, 1) = p(rz) |p(rz)| = g(z). T c l g h. V y deg(g) = deg(h) = 0. p(r) i u ny mu thu n.
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V y a th c p ph i c nghi m trn tr ng ph c.