Chng 5 Cc vn nh trong radar mt m tng hp nghch Trong lc ng dng cc thut ton ISAR, c mt s thit k cc thng s, chng hn nh nh dng li cc d liu

u ISAR th, ng dng cc hm ca s, cn c x l cn thn m cht lng nh ISAR c th c ci tin. Trong phn ny, tp trung m t v tho lun lm th no iu chnh cc thng s ny c c mt nh ISAR cht lng tt. 5.1 Mi quan h Fourier Khi nim bin i Fourier rt quan trng trong nh SAR, ISAR. Theo cch c in, to thnh nh ISAR c thc hin bng cch chuyn i d liu trng tn x t min tn s gc sang min nh bng bin i Fourier. Trong qu trnh x l SAR, ISAR, chui d liu thu thp c s ha m cc thut ton x l tn hiu s c s dng a ra nh cui cng. Qu trnh s ha tn hiu c trch dn trong phn 1.6. Sau khi s liu c chuyn i sang dng s, ta c th ng dng bin i Fourier trong min ri rc (DFT). Tip theo, s gii thch ngn gn cc vn rt c bn nhng cng rt quan trng lin quan n vic thc hin cng nh cht lng ca nh ISAR. 5.1.1 DFT Qu trnh s ha v ly mu ca mt tn hiu tng t c phn tch trong hnh 5.1. x(t) l mt tn hiu trong min thi gian lin tc vi chu k (5.1a), s(t) l tn hiu trong min thi gian quan st c chu k l T c m t trong hnh (5.1b), v vy c th coi s(t) l mt i din cho tn hiu gc ban u x(t). Sau khi s ha s(t) vi tn s ly mu Ts=1/fs, ta c tp hp tn hiu ri rc s[n] nh hnh (5.1c), vi fs l tn s ly mu. Gi s x(n) l tn hiu ri rc c chiu di hu hn L. Cng thc bin i DFT N im (NL) ca x(n) l: X(k) = ( )

Cp DFT thun v ngc c cho bi cng thc bn di : S[k] = s[n] = k = 0,1,2,.,N-1 n = 0,1,2,.,N-1

s[n] v S[k] l cc tn hiu trong min thi gian v trong min tn s. Trong nh ISAR, d liu th thng c thu thp trong ta tn s gc v c chuyn i * cha dch 5.2 nh rng ca nh ISAR xy ra hin tng rng ca khi d liu trng tn x li khng thu thp c cc tc ly mu tn s hoc gc vi i hi nh nht. D nhin, y l bn cht ca DFT v ch thy c khi ng dng qu trnh x l tn hiu ISAR. Hin tng ny c gii thch vi mt v d nh sau : Gi s nh cc im tn x c xc nh v c v nh hnh 4.21. nhn nh ISAR t nhng tn x ny, kch thc nh ISAR c la chn l [18m . 16m]. S la chn kch c ca nh ISAR p t t l ly mu ( hoc phn gii ) trong min tn s v min gc f = = = = 8.333Mhz (5.15a)

= 0.001171875rad (0.06710) (5.15b)

Nu d liu c thu thp theo t l ly mu nh trn, nh ISAR ng s nh hnh 4.22. Tuy nhin nu d liu c ly di mu, khi s xy ra hin tng nh ISAR rng ca. m t mt cch chnh xc, d liu c ly mu trong min tn s v min gc gp i t l tnh ton trong cng thc 5.15. Chn f = 16.666MHz v = 0.13420.

La chn phn gii tn s v gc ny s tng ng vi mt ca s ISAR nh hn. p ng nh ISAR c kch c 9m.8m c v nh hnh 5.4

Hnh nh trn c hin tng rng ca l do vic ly di mu ca cc d liu c thu thp trong min Fourier. iu ny l do thc t gi tr f v mi tng ng vi kch thc hnh nh ISAR 8m .8m. 5.3 nh dng cc nh dng li cc l k thut lp bn ph bin c s dng rng ri trong qu trnh x l SAR/ISAR. Vn ch yu c thc hin trong nh dng cc l nh dng cc d liu trng tn x li tng ng vi d liu cc trong khng gian tn s vo mt mng li hnh ch nht DFT c th c p dng choa s hnh thnh nhanh chng hnh nh ISAR, nh m t trong hnh 5.5 V d liu tn s v gc thu thp khng nm trn mt mng li hnh ch nht ca mt phng kx v ky. Hu ht cc im d liu s khng trng vi cc im li trong min Fourier nh trong hnh 5.5. Mt trong nhng k thut ni suy ph bin nht c s dng trong nh dng cc l s cc im ln cn. l mt k thut rt chung v c th c p dng cho bt k d liu no khng i hi hnh thc ca mt mng li n nht. Trong cc ng dng SAR/ISAR, phng php ny thng c s dng ni suy cc d liu nh dng cc vi mt mng li hnh ch nht ly mu n nht. Trong s ni suy bc nht, 4 im ln cn gn nht vo mt mng li n nht tuyn tnh da vo khong cch ca chng n cc im d liu gc kxi kyi nh m t trong hnh 5.5. Khi d liu 3D c thu thp, cc thut ton s c m rng mi im trong khng gian kx-ky-kz l ni suy vi tm im ln cn gn nht trn mng li n nht nh hnh 5.6. i vi trng hp 2D, nu im d liu gc c mt bin l Ai v xy ra trong

on [n. kx , m. ky] v [(n+1). kx , (m+1). ky], khi 4 im li gn nht trn mt phng kx-ky c cp nht s dng s ni suy tiu chun sau : s [n. kx , m. ky] = Ai. s [n. kx , (m+1). ky] = Ai. s [(n+1). kx , (m+1). ky] = Ai. s [(n+1). kx , m. ky] = Ai.

(5.16)

Hnh 5.5 Ni suy c th c s dng theo nhiu cch khc nhau nh dng li cc d liu cc ISAR (trng hp 2D)

Vi R =

(5.17)

V rks (k=1,2,3,4) l cc khong cch t 4 im li n cc v tr d liu gc c ch ra nh trong hnh 5.5. s l d liu nh dng li mu n nht trn mt phng