VIN KHOA HC V CNG NGH VIT NAM

VIN CNG NGH THNG TIN

PHN TCH THIT K HNG I TNG

PGS.TS. ng Vn c Email: dvduc@ioit.ac.vn

Ni dung
1. Tin trnh pht trin phn mm theo hng i tng 2. Gii thiu Ngn ng m hnh ha thng nht UML 3. M hnh ha nghip v 4. M hnh ha trng hp s dng 5. M hnh ha tng tc i tng 6. Biu lp v gi

Biu chuyn trng thi v biu hot ng

8. Biu kin trc vt l v pht sinh m trnh 9. M hnh ha d liu 10. Bi hc thc nghim
dvduc-2004 Phn tch thit k hng i tng Bi 7 - 2/21

Bi 7

Biu chuyn trng thi v biu hot ng

Biu chuyn trng thi

M t chu k tn ti ca i tng t khi n sinh ra n khi n b ph hy S dng m hnh ha kha cnh ng ca lp Biu bao gm cc thng tin sau

Cc trng thi ca i tng Hnh vi ca i tng S kin tc ng lm thay i trng thi Xy dng biu chuyn trng thi cho mt vi i tng ca lp c nhiu hnh vi ng trong d n Khng phi mi d n s dng biu loi ny

Thng thng

dvduc-2004

Phn tch thit k hng i tng

Bi 7 - 4/21

Trng thi i tng?

Trng thi i tng l kt qu ca cc hot ng trc ca i tng i tng lun trong mt trng thc xc nh ti mt thi im

Trng thi c xc nh bi gi tr ca thuc tnh v lin kt vi i tng khc Con ngi c th ca lp Person c cc trng thi: Ngi lao ng, Tht nghip, V hu Ha n mua hng: thanh ton, cha thanh ton Xe t: ang chy, ang ng C s kin xy ra Th d: ai thanh ton ha n hng
Phn tch thit k hng i tng Bi 7 - 5/21

Th d

Thay i trng thi i tng

dvduc-2004

Biu trng thi

Th d biu trng thi

Unpaid Paying Invoice Created Paid Invoice destroyed

S dng biu trng thi lm g?

Phn tch vin, ngi thit k v ngi s dng hiu hnh vi i tng Ngi pht trin hiu hnh vi i tng ci t n

dvduc-2004

Phn tch thit k hng i tng

Bi 7 - 6/21

Biu trng thi

Cc phn t ha

Trng thi khi u: Khi i tng c to ra Trng thi dng: Khi i tng b ph hy

Trng thi (State)

Hot ng Hnh ng vo Hnh ng ra

S kin iu kin canh Hnh ng

Qu (Transition)

Trng thi n
Phn tch thit k hng i tng Bi 7 - 7/21

dvduc-2004

Biu trng thi

Cc phn t ha

... Trng thi (State)

Trng thi c xc nh t kho st thuc tnh lp v quan h gia cc lp K php ha

StateName

Khi i tng trong trng thi no n thc hin vi hot ng (Activity)

Pht sinh bo co, Thc hin tnh ton v Gi thng ip n i tng khc Hot ng, Hnh ng vo, Hnh ng ra, S kin, Lch s trng thi.

C nm loi thng tin c th gp trong trng thi

...

dvduc-2004

Phn tch thit k hng i tng

Bi 7 - 8/21

Biu trng thi

Cc phn t ha

... Trng thi (State)

Canceled

do/ Arange alternate flight for customers

Hot ng (Activity)

L hnh vi m i tng thc hin khi n ang trng thi c th N l hnh vi c th ngt c Biu din trong phn t biu : do hay / L hnh vi xy ra khi i tng ang chuyn vo trng thi N l hnh vi khng th ngt c Biu din trong phn t biu : Entry L hnh vi xy ra khi i tng ang chuyn ra trng thi N l hnh vi khng th ngt c Biu din trong phn t biu : Exit

Scheduled do/ Check current date entry/ Post flight schedule on Internet ...

Hnh ng vo (Entry Action)

Hnh ng ra (Exit Action)

In Flight do/ Check current date exit/ Record landing time ...

...
Phn tch thit k hng i tng Bi 7 - 9/21

dvduc-2004

Biu trng thi

Cc phn t ha

In Flight exit/ Record landing time Land Landed

... Qu (Transition)

Qu l chuyn ng t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc Qu phn thn c t qu

S kin (Event): ci g l nguyn nhn chuyn t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc Hu ht qu u c s kin. S kin c th c i s, th d, Remove passenger(name) iu kin canh (Guard): xc nh khi no s kin xy ra, th d, Trng thi my bay t Open sang Full khi ch cui cng c ngi mua v Hnh ng (Action): hnh vi khng ngt c, xy ra nh mt phn ca chuyn tip.
State 1 Event[Guard condition] / Action

Pass / Remove passenger

Open

State 2

...
Phn tch thit k hng i tng Bi 7 - 10/21

dvduc-2004

Biu trng thi

Cc phn t ha

... Trng thi n (Nested state)

gim qu nhiu trng thi trong biu ta c th lng trng thi vo trong trng thi khc: Substate, Superstate Nu hai hay nhiu trng thi c cng qu -> nhm chng thnh superstate Th d

Biu biu bin i trng thi ca lp Flight c cc trng thi Scheduled, Open, Full v Closed Chuyn bay chuyn vo trng thi Closed 10 pht trc khi ct cnh, khng quan tm n trng thi trc ca n l Open hay Full.

Lch s trng thi (Superstate history)

Nhiu khi c nhu cu nh li trng thi va trc ca i tng

B sung trng thi khi u trong siu trng thi S dng ch bo lch s lch s trng thi H ni i tng va i qua
Phn tch thit k hng i tng Bi 7 - 11/21

dvduc-2004

Biu trng thi vi trng thi n

Scheduled

Scheduled [ Current date is less than 60 days before flight ] / Set number of passenger to 0 Adding Passengers Full Add/Remove passenger Add passenger[ Last seat was sold ] Opened Open Full

[ Current date is less than 60 days before flight ] / Set number of passenger to 0 Add/Remove passenger Add passenger[ Last seat was sold ] Open

Remove passenger( PassengerName ) [ 10 min before scheduled takeoff ] [ 10 min before scheduled takeoff ] Closed Remove passenger( PassengerName )

[ 10 min before scheduled takeoff ] Closed

dvduc-2004

Phn tch thit k hng i tng

Bi 7 - 12/21

Biu trng thi v lp

M t quan h gia biu trng thi v lp

Th d Biu trng thi ca lp Digital watch

Digital_watch inc() mode_button()

inc / hours:=hours+1

Display do/ Set current time

mode_button

Set hours do/ Display hour

inc / minutes:=minutes+1 mode_button

Set minutes do/ Display minutes

mode_button

dvduc-2004

Phn tch thit k hng i tng

Bi 7 - 13/21

Biu hot ng

Biu hot ng (Activity diagram) do Odell xut cho UML

m t lung cng vic trong tin trnh nghip v trong m hnh ha nghip v m t lung s kin trong m hnh ha h thng

S dng text nh trc y s kh c khi logc phc tp, c nhiu r nhnh

Biu hot ng s dng m hnh ha

kha cnh ng ca h thng cc bc trnh t hay tng tranh trong qu trnh tnh ton

dvduc-2004

Phn tch thit k hng i tng

Bi 7 - 14/21

Biu hot ng

Hot ng (Activity)

L mt bc trong tin trnh L cc bc nh hn trong Activity Action c th xy ra khi

Hnh ng (Actions)

ang vo activity

Hnh ng vo xy ra khi activity bt u, nh du bng Entry

Hnh ng ra xy ra khi ri b activity, nh du bng Exit Hnh ng xy ra khi ang trong activity, nh du bng do Hnh ng xy ra khi v ch khi c s kin c th xy ra, nh du bng event tip theo l tn s kin

Khi ang i ra khi activity

Khi thc hin activity

Khi c s kin c bit xy ra

dvduc-2004

Phn tch thit k hng i tng

Bi 7 - 15/21

Biu hot ng

i tng v lung i tng (Object flow)

i tng l thc th, c th b cc hot ng trong lung s dng v thay i Trong biu hot ng:

Display fare

Enter credit information

[...] [Approved] Reserve seat

Ticket [Unconfirmed]

hin th i tng vi trng thi ca n

Lin kt i tng vi cc hot ng thng qua lung i tng Mt i tng c th l u vo cho hot ng.

Ticket [Purchased]

Generate confirmation number

dvduc-2004

Phn tch thit k hng i tng

Bi 7 - 16/21

Biu hot ng

Qu (Transition)

Ch ra lung iu khin t hot ng ny n hot ng khc

Trng hp n gin
Reserve seat Generate confirmation number

t gii hn trn qu iu khin: event hay guard condition

Reserve seat Cancel Refund credit purchase Cancel reservation

Generate confirmation number

Khi c s kin, iu kin canh iu khin qu c th xy ra?

Reserve seat [ New reservation ] Generate confirmation number

dvduc-2004

Phn tch thit k hng i tng

Bi 7 - 17/21

Biu hot ng

R nhnh v ng b (Synchonization)

ng b l cch m t hai hay nhiu nhnh flows xy ra ng thi

Khi ng xe [ Con xng ] [ Ht xng ] n sng Li xe i xe but, taxi, xe p

Ng dy

{OR}

Ung c ph

{XOR}
i hc

dvduc-2004

Phn tch thit k hng i tng

Bi 7 - 18/21

Biu hot ng

Ln bi (Swimlanes)

S dng m hnh ha lung cng vic trong tin trnh nghip v

Ch ra ai c trch nhim thc hin tng hot ng

phn hoch cc trng thi hot ng vo nhm Phn tch nhm trn biu bng cc ln bi Mi hot ng thuc v mt ln bi Qu c th c v t ln bi ny n ln bi khc Mi ln bi c th c ci t bi mt hay nhiu lp

dvduc-2004

Phn tch thit k hng i tng

Bi 7 - 19/21

Biu hot ng
Khch hng Nhn vin bn hng Nhn vin kho hng Yu cu mua hng X l n hng Tip tc cng vic O : Order [ang x l]

Chuyn hng ra

Gi hng i

Nhn hng

O : Order [ in] Bo gi

Tr tin

b : Bill [Cha thanh ton]

Swimlanes
b : Bill [ thanh ton] Kt thc mua hng

dvduc-2004

Phn tch thit k hng i tng

Bi 7 - 20/21

Tm tt

Bi ny xem xt cc vn sau

Biu chuyn trng thi

Trng thi ca i tng Cc phn t ha xy dng biu K thut xy dng biu trng thi
ng dng ca biu hot ng Cc phn t ha xy dng biu hot ng

Biu hot ng

dvduc-2004

Phn tch thit k hng i tng

Bi 7 - 21/21