H Tn : Nguyn Vn H

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BO CO BI TP MNG MY TNH
Tm hiu , phn loi , so snh ,tnh ton hiu nng ca cc phng php truy cp CSMA
I. Tm hiu

CSMA (carrier sense multiple access) + L phng php a truy nhp cm nhn sng mang (carrier sense multiple access) + Mi my Ethernet, hay cn gi l my trm , hot ng c lp vi tt c cc trm khc trn mng , khng c mt trm iu khin trung tm.Mi trm u kt ni vi Ethernet thng qua mt ng truyn tn hiu chung cn gi l ung trung gian. Tn hiu Ethernet c gi theo chui , tng bit mt , qua ng trung gian ti tt c cc trm thnh vin. gi d liu trc tin trm cn lng nghe xem knh c ri khng , nu ri th mi gi i cc gi (data). + C hi tham gia vo truyn l bng nhau i vi mi trm . khng c s u tin . + CSMA tm cch gim nguy c gy va chm bng cch trc khi truyn th cm nhn xem c sng mang trn ng truyn khng (c tn hiu ang pht khng). Tuy nhin th trong lc pht th tn hiu vn cn thi gian n ich, nu c trm no khong t my pht n my thu m pht (tn hiu cha n nn trm cha cm nhn c) th vn c kh nng xy ra va chm.

II.

Phn Loi, So snh Da theo hnh ng khi knh bn th c 3 loi CSMA

+) 1-persistent CSMA (nng vi nht): Nu thy knh bn th ch nhng ri 1 ci l truyn ngay. tr thp nhng hiu qu thp +) Non-persistent CSMA : i mt khong thi gian li, sau cm nhn li knh. Tr ln nhng hiu sut cao +) p-persistent CSMA : L loi dung ha gia 2 loi trn, vi 1 xc sut p (0<p<1) th dng ci 1-persistent, nu khng th truyn kiu Non.

+) C mt s dng CSMA ci tin : CSMA/CD (dng trong mng LAN), CSMA/CA (dng trong WLAN)

So snh +) 1-persistent CSMA c hiu qu trong vic trnh xung t v 2 my trm cn truyn thy ng truyn bn th s khng truyn na, ch khong thi gian ngu nhin khc nhau s quay li tip tc lng nghe ng truyn. Nhc im ca phng php ny l c th tn ti thi gian khng s dng ng truyn +) Non-persistent CSMA thi gian cht ca ng truyn bng cch cho php my trm c truyn ngay sau 1 c truyn khc kt thc. Nhng 1 s my khc th khng c truyn nn tn ti hin tng xung t +) p-persistent CSMA : vi gi tr p chn hp l th hiu nng ca phng php ny cao ,gim kh nng xung t v thi gian cht ca ng truyn III. Tnh ton hiu nng ca CSMA

Hnh 1. Hin Tng xung t

Theo Hnh 1. Gi s mt t (s) cho mt tn hiu chuyn t gi A B v ngc li truyn t my BA. Thi im t thit b u cui cm nhn c ng truyn ri v truyn a (gi). Ta thi im t+ t1 My B cm nhn ng truyn ri v truyn b(gi). Sau ( t-t1) /2 giy 2 gi xy ra v chm. Trong CSMA , cho t / T nh ta c. T l thi gian truyn ht 1 gi Cng thc tnh thng lng ca CSMA l:

Nu chiu di gi tin l B bit v tc ng truyn l C bit/giy ,vy T=B/C (giy),cng thc tnh thng lng ),cng thc tnh thng lng

tng thng lng chng ta phi nng cp ng truyn tc truyn nhanh hn, v vn duy tr sp xp ca cc thit b u cui , tc l gi nguyn t. Khi cng thc tnh thng lng l