ADB

Nng cao hiu qu th trng cho ngi ngho

Tm lc tng quan
S 13

S tham gia ca ngi ngho vo Siu th v cc Chui Phn phi gia tng gi tr khc *
I. Mc tiu h tr c tc ng tch cc hn i vi ngi ngho? III. Gi thuyt Mc tiu chnh ca nghin cu ny l nhm nh gi cc iu kin gia tng s tham gia ca ngi ngho vo cc chui gi tr thc phm c iu phi bi siu th1 v cc im bn l gia tng gi tr khc. Ngi ngho y ng vai tr (i) ngi tiu dng thc phm, (ii) ngi cung ng thc phm - ngi sn xut, ngi bun bn, hoc ngi lm thu trong cc doanh nghip hot ng trong lnh vc sn xut v kinh doanh thc phm. II. Cc vn t ra

Nhng gi thuyt chnh th nghim trong nghin cu ny c tm tt nh sau: - L ngi tiu dng, ngi ngho b loi khi kh nng tip cn siu th ngay t nhng bc pht trin u tin ca siu th v l do gi cao v khong cch xa; tnh hnh ny c th thay i trong bc th hai khi gi gim xung v tm bao ph ca siu th c m rng (Reardon v Berdgu, 2002; Hagen, 2004). - L ngi lao ng trong h thng phn phi thng mi, ngi ngho b loi khi s pht trin ca siu th, bi v siu th c c im l s cch tn theo hng tit kim nhn cng v u t vn ln (t phc ph, phn phi hng lot, s dng my tnh tin). - L nng dn, ngi ngho nhn chung b loi khi s pht trin ca siu th v cc yu cu v m bo cht lng v cung ng trn quy m ln, cng nh vic thanh ton chm (Reardon v Berdgu, 2004, 2005; Rondot v cng s, 2005). iu kin ngi ngho c th tip cn mt cch c li vo cc chui do siu th iu phi v cc chui cht lng cao khc bao gm vic cung ng nhng sn phm ngch v vic thnh lp cc t sn xut. - Cc siu th l khc nhau trn kha cnh mc tiu x hi, ngha l vic siu th cn bng gia cc tiu chun quy cch vi vic nh gi cnh trnh (Fox v Vorley, 2004). IV. A. Phng php C cu ca nghin cu

Cc vn chnh ca nghin cu ny c th c tm tt nh sau: - Xu hng pht trin ca h thng phn phi bn bun v bn l gia tng gi tr Vit Nam (bao gm c siu th) sau y gi l Chui Phn phi Gia tng Gi tr (DVC) - l g? - Cc Chui Phn phi mi c nhng tc ng g i vi ngi ngho trong vai tr l ngi tiu dng v ngi cung ng thc phm? - Lm th no vic hin i ho h thng phn phi c th p ng tt hn nhu cu v thc phm v ph hp hn vi thu nhp ca ngi ngho? - Trong s nhng Chui Phn phi hin ti v thay th, nhng chui no cn c xc tin v

Siu th y c nh ngha l nhng ca hng c din tch trn 500 m, t phc v. Ti Vit Nam, Siu th bao gm c Siu th bn l v Siu th bn bun (h thng Metro) -------------------------* Ti liu ny do Malica (Cc kt ni th trng v nng nghip i vi cc Thnh ph Chu , mt t hp gia CIRAD, IOS, RIFAV, VASI, v i hc Nng Lm) bin son. Ton vn tham lun c ti: http//www. markets4poor.org, Paule Moustier v cc cng s, S tham gia ca ngi ngho vo siu th v cc chui gia tng gi tr khc, Tham lun s 11

Nghin cu ny gm cc hp phn sau:

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Hp phn 1 (C1)- nh gi xu hng pht trin ca siu th v cc chui phn phi gia tng gi tr khc. Hp phn 2 (C2) nh gi mc tip cn ca ngi tiu dng ngho ti nhng chui phn phi gia tng gi tr. Hp phn 3 (C3) nh gi s tham gia ca ngi bun bn v nng dn ngho vo cc chui phn phi gia tng gi tr i vi mt s sn phm c la chn: rau cung ng cho H Ni t Sc Sn v Mc Chu; rau cung ng cho Thnh Ph H Ch Minh t khu vc ven , t cc chuyn c Trng v n Dng ca tnh Lm ng; qu vi ca huyn Yn Th tnh Bc Giang min Bc; go thm Nam nh (huyn Hi Hu) min Bc. Vic la chn cc nghin cu tnh hung ny da trn xem xt cc vn sau: (i) s tham gia ca ngi ngho vo hot ng sn xut v kinh doanh; (ii) s tham gia ca siu th v cc chui cht lng cao khc trong vic tip th bn hng. Hp phn 4 (C4) Tm hiu cc xu hng tng lai ca vic ngi ngho tham gia vo cc Chui Phn phi Gia tng Gi tr (DVCs)

B.

Thu thp D liu

Cc phng php thu thp d liu i vi hp phn 1, 2 v 3 c trnh by ti Bng 1. Xu hng ca nhng chui phn phi khc nhau c phn tch thng qua vic thu thp d liu th cp. Tin hnh kho st mc tip cn ca ngi tiu dng ngho ti cc im bn l khc nhau ti H Ni, TP H Ch Minh v Mc Chu, ng thi cng thc hin so snh gi c gia cc im bn l khc nhau ti nhng thnh ph ny. Thc hin phng vn su i vi cc bn lin quan dc theo chui, cng nh iu tra s lng ngi bun bn, tin hnh iu tra (i) cc kiu mu phi hp theo chiu dc v chiu ngang gip kt ni ngi ngho vi th trng, (ii) vic phn b chi ph v li nhun gia nng dn v ngi bun bn dc theo chui, (iii) cc thun li v hn ch tng ng trong vic cung ng cho cc loi hnh im bn l khc nhau, v (iv) tc ng v mt to vic lm ca cc chui khc nhau. Hp phn 4 c bin son da trn cc kt lun v khuyn ngh ca nghin cu ny c trnh by ti mt s cuc hi tho.

Bng 1: Thu thp d liu cho tng Hp phn C1-Cc Xu hng Nhng thay i ca cc im bn l Chnh sch H mua g v u, v ti sao h li chn mua ti cc a im nht nh . Ti liu/Phng vn ca S thng mi v cc C quan chc nng khc Kho st cc h ngho: 110 h ti H Ni, 110 h ti Mc Chu, 52 h ti TP H Ch Minh (+65 h khng ngho) Chnh lch v gi gia Siu th, So snh i vi 10 sn phm ti Ch v Hng rong H Ni v TP H Ch Minh Phn tch bn chui gi tr (Rau cung cp cho H Ni v TP H Ch Minh, Qu vi Bc Giang, Go Hi Hu) iu tra s lng ti hai qun v ngoi suy Phng vn theo cp vi cc mu t ngi bn l n nng dn Phng vn su vi cc mu ngi bun bn (ngi bn l, ngi bn bun, ngi thu mua) v nng dn

C2-Mc tip cn ca ngi tiu dng

C3-Mc tham gia ca ngi cung ng Tc ng v mt to vic lm (bn l) S cc chui gi tr T chc ca cc chui gi tr

S lng ngi lm cng trong cc siu th, ch, ca hng, ngi bn hng rong Tnh cht v a im ca cc im trung gian Cc mi quan h (Theo chiu dc + chiu ngang) Tr ngi v c hi trong vic sn xut v tip th bn hng. Vic phn b chi ph v li nhun

Hot ng ca cc chui gi tr

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V. A.

Cc kt qu chnh S pht trin nhanh chng ca Siu th

nh ngha chnh thc v siu th ch c t nm 2004. Cc tiu ch chnh l din tch ln hn 250 m i vi siu th chuyn doanh v ln hn 500 m i vi siu th kinh doanh chung; cc tiu ch khc bao gm s lng sn phm v vic c nh v sinh. Trc nm 2004, S Thng mi ng k

mt s im bn hng t gi l siu th, thng c din tch ln hn 200 m. Da trn nh ngha ny, s lng siu th tng nhanh chng t nm 1990 n nm 2004 (tc tng 17%/nm ti TP H Ch Minh v 14%/nm ti H Ni trong giai on 2000-2004, t ti 55 siu th vo thng 6 nm 2004 ti H Ni (ngoi ra cn c 9 trung tm thng mi k c Metro), v 71 siu th ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh vo nm 2005 (Hnh 1)

Hnh 1: Xu hng pht trin s lng Siu th

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1990 1993 2000 2001 2002 2004 2005

Hanoi HCMC

Ngun: S Thng mi, do Hong Bng An (RIFAV) v L Thanh Loan (i hc Nng Lm) thu thp- tnh c cc ca hng t gi l siu th (c din tch >200 m, chim mt na trong tng s).

Ba hng dn u trong ngnh kinh doanh siu th l (i) CoopMart, ca Vit Nam, c 13 siu th, s lng tng trng 40%/nm; (ii) Metro, Lin doanh c-Vit, (C 4 i siu th, tng trng 30% nm); v (iii) Big C (lin doanh Php-Vit, vi 4 i siu th). Chnh sch ca Chnh ph Vit nam l u tin bn l tp trung; vic loi b ch khng chnh thc v hng rong c quy nh r trong cc vn bn php lut, ng thi cng quy nh vic chnh ph ng h vic u t vo siu th.

B. Mc tip cn t i ca ngi tiu dng ngho Ngi tiu dng ngho ch yu mua hng bn l trong ch v hng rong. Nhng ngi ny him khi mua hng trong siu th, v nhng l do v gi c v khong cch (Bng 2). Mc d vy, tnh hnh ny c th thay i nu nh gi c trong siu th gim xung, nh th hin qua vic ngi dn TP H Ch Minh thng xuyn ti siu th hn so vi H Ni; trong khi gi hng trong siu th ti H Ni cao hn gi ch t 10 ti 40%, th ti TP H Ch Minh gi ti cc ni ny tng ng nhau. Thc phm c mua ti siu th ch yu l thc phm qua ch bin, nh ng hoc sa bt.

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Bng 2: Hnh vi mua sm ca cc H ngho ti H ni v TP H Ch Minh Thu nhp/u ngi Ni mua thc phm (Mua hng tun) Mua hng ti siu th Hn ch c bit n ca siu th H Ni TP H Ch Minh <300.000 ng/thng <500.000 ng/thng 1. Ch khng chnh thc 1. Ch chnh thc (62%) (95%) 2. Hng rong (40%) ca hng (40%) 2. Hng rong (30%) 61% cha bao gi i siu th 33% cha bao gi i siu th 0% i siu th hng tun 15% i siu th hng tun Gi cao Gi cao Khong cch Khng c thi quen Khng c thi quen Cht lng v hng ho a dng

Thun li c bit n ca siu th C.

Ngun: Figui v Truyn (2005); Phan Th Gic Tm (2005).

Phn on th trng ca Chui gi tr cht lng cao v Chui gi tr thng thng

Nghin cu ny cho thy phn on th trng ca cc chui rau qu gia siu th v cc ca hng thc phm cht lng cao, ch yu thu ht nhng ngi tiu dng c thu nhp trung bnh v cao,

c cung ng bi cc hi nng dn v cc trang tri quy m ln thnh cng trong vic pht trin sn xut IPM, so vi cc chui truyn thng, ch yu bao gm nhng nng dn sn xut nh, ngi thu mua, ngi bn bun v ngi bn l (Hnh 2). T chc cc chui cng tng t nh trong trng hp qu vi.

Hnh 2: Chui hng ho n gin ho i vi qu vi v rau cung cp cho H Ni v TP H Ch

Minh Cc hi nng dn + Cc cng ty bn cng Nng dn

Ngi thu mua

Hp ng Qun l cht lng

Siu th Ca hng Quy hng cht lng

Ngi bn bun

Ch m bn bun ni

Ngi bn l trong ch Ngi bn rong Ngi tiu dng khng ngho Ngi tiu dng ngho
tch hoc khi lng hng bn hn so vi ch v hng rong. V vy, vic pht trin siu th dng nh khng b p c s lng vic lm b mt t cng vic bn hng rong v bn hng trong ch. T trng vic lm ca siu th trong tng s vic lm ca ngnh kinh doanh bn l l khong

D. Mc tip cn t i ca ngi bun bn ngho Ch v hng rong vn ng vai tr chnh trong vic phn phi thc phm, xt theo khi lng hng bn, din tch bn cng nh s vic lm c to ra. Siu th to t vic lm trn mi n v din

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6% - mi ch tnh n cc ch bn l m cha tnh n s ngi bn hng rong v cc ca hng; trong khi t trng doanh s ca siu th trong ngnh kinh doanh bn l ca H Ni l 15%. S liu trong lnh vc thc phm cng tng t nh s liu tng th. Mc d vy, t trng ny ca siu th cao hn rt nhiu khi xt v vic lm gin

tip (11% tng s vic lm thay v 6%). T trng vic lm ca siu th trong tng s vic lm trong lnh vc kinh doanh rau qu thp hn t trng tng ng v doanh s kinh doanh (Hnh 3). Vic bn cng mt khi lng rau to ra s vic lm cho ngi bn rong nhiu gp 3 ln so vi ngi lm cng trong siu th. (Bng 3).

Hnh 3: S lng vic lm v Khi lng hng bn ca cc im bn l rau ti H Ni

60,0% 50,0% 40,0% 30,0% 20,0% 10,0% 0,0% Bn Bn rong rong l Bn l? 0,4% 0,9% Vic lm Vi?c lm Khi lng Kh?i bn hng l?ng hng bn

trong ch? trong ch

Ca hng Ca hng/ C? a hng c? a hng/ siu Siu th th? thng quy hng th?ng qu?y hng an an ton ton

Ghi ch: S liu da trn kho st ti cc im bn l hai qun (Cu Giy v Hon Kim), sau ngoi suy cho ton b ni thnh H Ni theo h s a l nm 2004 (vi hai qun mi l Long Bin and Hong Mai). Nu ch tnh cc qun c trc nm 2004, t trng ca bn rong thp hn so vi ch bn l: (i) t trng vic lm ca bn rong l 45,50% (khi lng hng bn l 50,00%), (ii) t trng vic lm ca bn l trong ch l 43,50% (khi lng hng bn l 37,00%), (iii) ca ca hng thng thng l 6,00% (khi lng hng bn l 5,00%), (iv) ca ca hng rau a ton l 4,60% (khi lng hng bn l 6,00%), v (v) ca siu th l 0,73% (khi lng hng bn l 1,40%). Ngun: Sn v cng s. (2005).

Bng 3: S lng vic lm tnh theo khi lng bn hng Bn 1 tn rau trong 1 ngy to vic lm cho. 13 ngi bn rong 10 ngi bn l 8 ngi hng bn trong ca hng 5 nhn vin siu th quy m trung bnh 4 nhn vin Big C
Ngun: d liu v khi lng hng bn ra v s vic lm ti cc im bn hng ca Sn v cng s. (2005) (tnh c vic lm gin tip).

Ngoi ra, trong khi vic bn rong v bn hng ti cc ch khng chnh thc to vic lm ch yu cho ngi ngho, v n khng i hi trnh c bit hay vn u t (vn u t cho vic bn rong ch mc 400.000 VND), th vic tham gia bn hng ti cc ch chnh thc gp tr ngi v vn (12 triu VND), cn tr thnh mt nhn vin siu th th li gp tr ngi v trnh . E. Mc tip cn t i ca nng dn ngho Cc kt qu nghin cu xc nhn rng ngi ngho khng tip cn trc tip c vi siu th do nhng yu cu ca siu th v vn an ton (i

vi rau qu) v khi lng (i vi tt c cc loi sn phm). Nhng nng dn ngho tham gia vo cc chui siu th c kho st c cc c im sau: - Trong chui go thm: 20% nng dn (khong 520 ngi) l ngi ngho (thu nhp 50.000 60.000 ng/thng). H ch yu cung ng hng cho cc siu th thng qua cc cng ty lng thc, v gn y l thng qua cc hi nng dn. - Trong chui rau Mc Chu, su gia nh thot ngho nh cc hp ng vi cc hp tc x rau an ton cung ng cho cc ca hng rau an ton ti H Ni.

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- Trong chui rau Sc Sn, 32% s nng dn tham gia vo cc i sn xut rau an ton cung ng cho Cng ty Bo H l ngi ngho (thu nhp di 130.000 ng/thng) - Trong cc hip hi nng dn ngoi cung ng hng cho cc siu th ti TP H Ch Minh, 5% s nng dn l ngi sn xut quy m nh (vi din tch canh tc t hn 2.900 m2 ) F. Vai tr ch cht ca Hi Nng dn trong vic Ci tin Cht lng sn phm

hng tp th, (iv) qun l cht lng, (v) nhn mc xut x sn phm, v (iv) cp tn dng. Cc t chc nng dn l nhng cng c ca chnh ph h tr nng dn, c th l trong lnh vc pht trin cht lng, lnh vc m cc s nng nghip, thng mi v khoa hc v k thut ca thnh ph c bit quan tm. G. Li nhun ca Nng dn tng nh Vic cung ng hng cho siu th thng qua cc hip hi nng dn nhn chung gip lm tng thu nhp ca nng dn so vi cc chui truyn thng, vi cc mc tng rt khc nhau: (i) khng tng i vi chui c chua nht, (ii) tng 42% i vi chui qu vi v go, (iii) tng 25% i vi nng dn sn xut rau Sc Sn v (iv) tng 400% i vi chui rau mung ti ngoi Thnh ph H Ch Minh (Hnh 4 v 5).

Mi hi nng dn, hot ng theo hnh thc cc t chc thng mi ng c phn, l cc nh cung ng thng xuyn mt s loi sn phm cho cc siu th. Nng lc cung ng ca cc hip hi ny c lin quan ti vic kt hp cc tin ch m hi mang li cho cc thnh vin ca mnh: (i) tp hun k thut (v d nh k thut sn xut rau an ton), (ii) cung ng cc yu t u vo, (iii) tip th bn

Hnh 4: Chi ph (CP) v Li nhun (LN) tng ng trong gi bn l C chua ti TP H Ch Minh

Chui c chua do driven chain, tomato Supermarket siu th iu phi
4500

Chui c chuachua truy?n th?ng Chu?i c truyn thng

4500

4000 840 3500 360 3000 200 300 2500

4000

3500 600 214 2500 200 200 2000 200 486 1500 176

3000
Supermarket's th LN Siu profit Supermarket'sth CP siu cost Cooperative's profit LN HTX Cooperative's cost

LN ng?i bn l?

CP ng?i bn l? CP ngi bn

LN ngi bn l l

LNLN ng bn bun ng?i bn bun CP ng?i bn bun CP ng bn bun LNLN ng thu mua ng?i thu mua CP ng?i thu mua LNLN ng SX ng?i sx CP ng?i SX CP ng sx

2000

890

CP HTX

Producers' profit

1500

LN ngi sx Producers' cost CP ngi sx

CP ng thu mua

1000 1610

1000 1324

500

500

Ngun: Phan Th Gic Tm v L Thanh Loan (2005).

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Hnh 5: Chi ph (CP) v Li nhun (LN) tng ng trong Gi Bn l C chua ti TP H Ch Minh (tnh theo gi tr)
18000
9000

16000
8000 1766

2700
9000

14000 12000
LN ng bn l

7000

LN siu th
LN siu th? 1263 6000

8000 700 7000 404 Ret profit

LN Cty

LN Cng ty CP Cng ty LN ng? i bn buna phng bun ? .ph

1030 270 143 448 1111 2125

LN siu LN siu th th? LN cng LN Cty

CP Cty

ty

CP Cty

5000

LN ng bn

6000

1225

10000 8000 6000 4000 2000

4000

3464

CP ngbn CP ng? i bn buna phng bun ? .ph LN ng thu LN ng? i thu mua gom
CP ng? i thu CP ng thu mua

560 5000 773 4000

3000

LN ng? i SX

gom LN ng sx

CP ng? i SX

CP ng sx

3000

2196

2000

300

CP ng bn l Ret cost CP ng bn bun Hanoi wh profit HN LN ng bncost Hanoi Wh bun HN Local Wh profit LN ng bn bun Local .ph Wh cost CP ng bn bun Coll profit .ph Coll cost LN ng thu gom CP ng thu gom Prod profit LN ngi sx Prod cost CP ngi sx

Bo him

CP cng ty B?o hi?m

5442

CP hi?p h?i LN ng?i LN ngi ch thu mua bin ng?i CP thu mua CP ngi ch LN bin ng?i SX LN ngi sx CP ng?i
CP Hip hi

2000
950 1000

1000
886

1983

3231

0 Chu?i siu th? Chui siu/ Cng ty Cng ty th,

0 Chu?i truy?n th?ng Chui truyn thng

0 Chui hip hi Chu?i hi?p h?i

Ngun: Bnh v cng s. (2005).

H.

Thun li v Tr ngi ca Siu th i vi Nng dn

Thun li chnh ca siu th l gi c v khi lng mua n nh, cn tr ngi chnh l cc yu cu v cht lng, tnh a dng mt hng, vic giao hng,

cng nh cc iu kin thanh ton km thun li, v c th l c vic ng x mang tnh c hi (Bng 4)

Bng 4: Tm tt cc Thun li v Tr ngi ca Chui siu th Chui Siu th Cc thun li ca siu th Gi c S bo m Tr ngi ca Siu th Cc yu cu v cht lng Tnh a dng mt hng iu kin thanh ton Cao hn 1020% Mua thng xuyn hng tun vi khi lng v gi c n nh Yu cu v hnh thc, an ton Ti TP H Ch Minh, yu cu phi c hn 10 chng loi 15 ngy Hai siu th yu cu bi hon i vi cc sn phm khng bn c Giao hng hng ngy ti siu th Chui truyn thng

Gi c v khi lng bin ng hn Cc yu cu lng lo Khng yu cu 13 ngy

Vn chuyn

Thu mua ti rung

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VI.

Kt lun v Khuyn ngh

Nghin cu ny xc nhn vic trong ngn hn, ngi ngho b loi khi cc chui do siu th iu phi. L nng dn, ngi ngho cng b loi khi chui, tr trng hp go thm v trng hp ca mt s nng dn Mc Chu. Cc hi nng dn vi cng tc ci tin cht lng ( an ton, hng v ca xut x), chnh l cha kho gip nhng nng dn sn xut nh c th tham gia vo cc chui ny. Cui cng, chnh cc siu th cng khc nhau trong mc trung thnh vi cc nh cung ng. nhng nng dn sn xut nh c hng li nhiu hn t s pht trin ca siu th v cc im bn hng gia tng gi tr khc, xin khuyn ngh tin hnh cc cng vic sau: (i) H tr cc h nng dn thc hin ci tin cht lng: Ph bin cc kinh nghim thnh cng Cung cp cc dch v t vn, bao gm c tp hun k thut (v hnh thc v an ton ca sn phm), v cc chng trnh tn dng, h tr cho vic bn l. Thit k mt h thng VAT r rng hn.

ngi ngho c th tm c vic lm trong ngnh phn phi bn l, v ngi tiu dng ngho c th tip cn c cc a ch bn l a dng, xin khuyn ngh thc hin cc cng vic sau: (i) Duy tr h thng bn l a dng Cho php bn hng rong (tr mt s tuyn ph chnh) v t chc h tr tn dng cho ngi bn hng rong ci thin cng vic kinh doanh ca h. Ly kin ngi kinh doanh khi di chuyn v tr ch. T chc ch cho nng dn. Khuyn khch tnh a dng trong cc chui siu th.

VII. A. 1.

Ti liu tham kho Danh sch bo co Hp phn 1

Hong Bng An, 2005. Cc xu th v chnh sch v ch v siu th ti H Ni, Malica/MMWB4P, 31 trang Phan Th Gic Tm v L Thanh Loan, 2005. Cc xu th v chnh sch v ch v siu th ti H Ni, Malica/MMWB4P, 47 trang Moustier, P., Hong Bng An, Nguyn Th Tn Lc, Phan Th Gic Tm. Cc xu th v chnh sch v ch v siu th Vit nam: Tm tt cc kt qu chnh, H ni, Malica/MMWB4P 2. Hp phn 2

(ii) H thng qun l cht lng thc phm c s tham gia ca ngi dn: Qun l an ton thc phm trn din rng v c khung hnh pht vi phm. Cng nhn chnh thc cc phng th nghim v cc c quan cp giy chng nhn xut x. H thng m bo cht lng c s tham gia ca ngi dn (PGS), l lin danh gia cc hi nng dn, hip hi ngi tiu dng v cc siu th. Ph bin cc kinh nghim thnh cng, v d nh trng hp Hp tc x Rau Mc Chu. o to cho nng dn v quyn v ngha v ca h. Xy dng cc quy tc thc hnh tt cho cc siu th.

(iii) Xy dng nng lc thu xp hp ng -

Figui, M. v Nguyn c Truyn. 2005. Mc tip cn ca ngi tiu dng ngho n cc siu th ti H Ni. Bo co d n: Nng cao hiu qu th trng cho ngi ngho, S tham gia ca ngi ngho vo siu th ti Vit Nam. H Ni, Malia (CIRAD-IOS) v Ngn hng Pht trin Chu : 63 Hong Bng An (2005). So snh gi c gia siu th v cc im phn phi khc ti H Ni, Bo co d n: Nng co hiu qu th trng cho ngi ngho, S tham gia ca ngi ngho vo siu th ti Vit Nam. H Ni: Malica (RIFAV) v Ngn hng Phtt trin Chn : 4 trang. Phan Th Gic Tm (2005): S tip cn ca ngi tiu dng ngho n cc siu th ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Bo co d n: Nng cao hiu qu th

(iv) Xc nh cc th trng ngch mi cho ngi ngho, v d nh cc ging ln c bit.

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trng cho ngi ngho, S tham gia ca ngi ngho vo siu th ti Vit Nam, H ni: Malica (i hc Nng Lm) v Ngn hng Pht trin Chu : 30 Figui, M., Phan Th Gic Tm, Nguyn c Truyn, 2005: nh gi mc tip cn ca ngi tiu dng ngho ti siu th ti Vit Nam: Bi tng hp 3. Hp phn 3

tho tng kt v Hi ngh quc t. Amsterdam,

14-19 thng 11/2004.

V Trng Bnh, o c Hun, Phm Trung Tuyn, 2005. nh gi mc tham gia ca ngi ngho vo cc Chui phn phi gia tng gi tr (DVC): trng hp ca go tm xoan Hi Hu, MALICA/MMWB4P, H ni, 38 trang. Nguyn Th Tn Lc. 2005. S tham gia ca ngi ngho vo chui phn phi qu vi, MALICA/MMWB4P, H ni, 50 trang. H Thanh Sn, V Trng Bnh v Paule Moustier, 2005. nh gi s tham gia ca ngi ngho vo chui gi tr rau tri v, MALICA/MMWB4P, H ni, 50 trang Phan Th Gic Tm v L Thanh Loan. 2005. nh gi s tham gia ca ngi ngho vo cc Chui phn phi gia tng gi tr (DVC): Trng hp rau mung v c chua ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh, MALICA/MMWB4P, H Ni, 46 trang Moustier, P., o Th Anh, V Trng Bnh, o c Hun, Muriel Figui, Nguyn Th Tn Lc, H Thanh Sn, Phan Th Gic Tm, tm tt bo co C3, MALICA/MMWB4P, H ni B. Ti liu tham kho khc

Cam-pu-chia, Cng ho Dn ch Nhn dn Lo v Vit Nam. Mc tiu ca d n l nhm (i) thc hin phn tch s vn hnh ca th trng v mc m ngi ngho c th hng li t cc th trng , v (ii) xy dng nng lc h tr s pht trin ca th trng v ngi ngho thng qua cc hot ng nghin cu, t chc mng li v xc tin i thoi chnh sch ti ba nc m d n c mt. D n c ng ti tr bi Ngn hng Pht trin Chu (ADB), Vin nghin cu ADB, v B Pht trin Quc t Vng quc Anh. Thng tin v cc hot ng d n c ti trang web www.markets4poor.org.

Nng cao Hiu qu Th trng cho ngi ngho. D n ny h tr cc hot ng ti

Bn tm lc ny nm trong lot bi ca D n H tr K thut Khu vc mang tn

bit thm thng tin, xin lin h : NGN HNG PHT TRIN CHU C quan thng tr ti Vit Nam D n Nng cao Hiu qu Th trng cho Ngi ngho P. 701-706, To nh Mt tri Sng Hng 23 Phan Chu Trinh, H Ni, Vit Nam Tel: + (844) 9331374 Fax: + (844) 9331373 Web site: www.markets4poor.org

Fox, T., Vorley, B. Trch nhim gii trnh ca cc bn lin quan vo lnh vc Siu th ti Vng Quc Anh. Bo co tng kt ca d n Cuc ua ln v tr dn u, IIED, Lun n, 33 trang. 2004 Hagen, J. M. 2002. Nguyn nhn v h qu ca vic i mi h thng bn l thc phm ti cc nc ang pht trin: Siu th ti Vit Nam. New York, M, i hc Cornell, Qun tr v Khoa kinh t hc t ng dng: 19 trang. Reardon, T., J.A. Berdgu v J. Farrington. 2002. Siu th v ngnh sn xut nng nghip ti M La tinh: nh hng ti ni no khc? Vin cnh v ngun ti nguyn, ODI, s 81. Rondot P., E. Binabe v M.-H. Collion, 2004 Cc t chc kinh t nng thn v vic ti c cu th trng: Vn hi v Thch thc no cho nhng ngi sn xut nh?. Mt ti liu v vn ton cu. Cc th trng thng tr, Giai on 1: Hi

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