Economics

()
()

1-1
1-1

()
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87

()
8.23
5.39
7.55
6.76
6.32
6.54
6.03
5.67
6.77
4.83

()
3,939
4,307
4,811
5,338
5,875
6,376
6,892
7,478
8,131
8,747

()
7,626
8,111
8,982
10,470
10,852
11,597
12,396
12.838
13,918
12,040

() ()
1,186
1,219
1,390
1,535
1,622
1,784
2,152
2,183
2,365
2,154

140
125
133
95
80
77
81
136
77
59

()
4.42
4.12
3.63
4.46
2.94
4.09
3.68
3.07
0.90
1.68

1-4

1-3
1-3

1-3

1776

(1776 ~ 1848 )

(1848 ~1890 )

(1890 ~ 1936 )

(1936 ~ 1970 )

(1970




()()

10

11

2-2

changes in demand

2-3
2-3

12

2-2

changes in quality demand

2-4
2-4

13

2-4

changes in quality supply

2-7
2-7

14

2-4

changes in supply

2-8
2-8

15

2-5

( arc elasticity )

( point elasticity )

16

1.
Q2 Q1 P2 P1 Q2 Q1 P2 P1
Ed

Q2 Q1 P2 P1 Q2 Q1 P2 P1
2
2
Q P2 P1

P Q2 Q1

Q1
Q1
Q2
Q2
P1
P1
P2
P2
Q
Q
P
P

17

2.

Q P1

P Q1

18

Q2 Q1
Q
Q1
Q1

P2 P1
P
P1
P1

2-6
2-6

Ed > 1

Ed = 1

Ed < 1

19

2-5

( cross elasticity of demand Exy)

(partial elasticity)
(Y)(X)

20

2-5

EI

x
y

21

2-5

( income elasticity of demandEI)

22

2-5

EI

EI
EI
Q
Q

Q
1.1. EI
EI

Q
M

Q M

M Q

Q
Q

M
M
M
M

23

Q2 Q1 M 2 M 1 Q M 2 M 1
2. E I

Q2 Q1 M 2 M 1 M Q2 Q1
2
2

Q1
Q2
M1
M2

24

2-6

2-17

2-17

25

2-7

2-19
2-19(a)
(a)

2-19
2-19(a)
(a)

26

2-7

1.

2.

2-19
2-19(a)
(a)

2-19
2-19(a)
(a)

27

2-7

()

1.

2-21
2-21

28

2-7

()

2.

2-22
2-22

29

2-7

()

3.

2-23
2-23

30

2-7

()

4.

2-24
2-24

31

2-8

2-26
2-26

32

2-8

2-27
2-27

33

2-8

2-28
2-28

34

2-8

2-29
2-29

35

36

(M
(MU)(TU)
U)(TU)

()
()

MU
MU

()
()

37

38

3-1

3-1
3-1

39

3-2

TUMU3-1

TUMU0
TUMU0
TUMU0,

TUMUMU

MU

40

3-2

41

3-1
3-1 TU
TU
MU
MU

3-2

3-2
3-2

42

3-3

indifference curve

3-3
3-3

43

3-3

3-6
3-6

44

3-3

convex to origin
marginal of substitution MRS
x y
y x

3-7
3-7

45