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Aeration Paper
Aeration Paper
`
,
C C
C
s W
s
T
20
Summer: FOTR (lb O
2
/hp-hr) = 1.27
Now calculate the horsepower required to meet the OTR
The power requirements are as follows:
Summer: hp = OTR/FOTR = (69.5 + 31.8)/1.27 = 80
Diffused Aeration Systems
Convert the total pounds of oxygen per day into standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR). This equation
corrects for the effects of surfactants, temperature, salinity, membrane fouling, etc.
Summer: Temp. = 25 C therefore C
s,T
= 8.19 1
( )
SOTR
OTR
,T
,20
( )
|
.
`
,
C C
C
F
s W
s
T
20
Summer: SOTR (lb O
2
/hr) = 378
Next convert the SOTR to standard cubic feet per minute of air required (SCFM):
SCFM
SOTR
SOTE
air
60 0 23 .
Summer:
air
= 0.0769 lb/ft
3
SCFM = 1,272
Note: The density of air was calculated using pV = nRT with the pressure being corrected for the
elevation (see Ref. 1 pp. 1249). The constants 60 and 0.23 represent the number of minutes per hour and
the lbs of oxygen per pound of air, respectively.
Now that we have the SCFM required, we need to calculate the horsepower required for the blower by
calculating the power requirement for adiabatic compression (1):
P
WRT
n e
p
p
W
|
.
`
,
]
]
]
]
1 2
1
0 283
550
1
.
where P
W
= power requirement of each blower (hp)
W = mass flowrate of air (lb/s)
R = engineering gas constant for air 53.3 (ft-lb/(lb air)R
T
1
= absolute inlet temperature (R = 460 + F)
p
1
= absolute inlet pressure (lb
f
/in
2
)
p
2
= absolute outlet pressure (lb
f
/in
2
)
n = 0.283 for air
550= ft-lb/s-hp
e = efficiency
In order to do this, we must first calculate the weight of the flow of air and the absolute inlet and outlet
pressures for the blower.
W = SCFM
air
1/60 (converts SCFM to lb/s)
p
2
= absolute outlet pressure (lb
f
/in
2
) = static pressure + dynamic pressure + atmospheric
Static pressure = pressure applied to diffuser due to the depth of submergence.
Static pressure = 14 ft-water 33.7 ft-water/atm 14.7 lb
f
-atm/in
2
= 6.1
Dynamic pressure = 2 pressure loss associated with piping and diffuser.
Summer: W = 1.630 p
1
= 14.7 and p
2
= 6.1 + 2 + 14.7 = 22.8
The power requirements are as follows:
Summer: P
W
(hp) = 53
To convert the hp to kW, multiply by 0.746 kW/hp and divide by electrical system efficiencies (motor,
variable speed drive, etc..). To convert to electrical costs ($/d), multiply the kW answer by 24 (hr/d)
kW cost ($kW/hr).
Example Aeration System Model
Based on the assumptions listed above, and the data collected, a spreadsheet format can be
developed. A sample model based on the above calculations is shown on the following page.
(insert spreadsheet model)
Summary
The model presented is the first step in discovering aeration system energy savings. Additional
columns can added to compare the impact of changing the SRT, creating an anoxic zone, or
comparing blower efficiencies at different humidity and temperature conditions.
Variations of this spreadsheet model have been used at many municipal wastewater treatment
facilities to identify cost effective improvements for aeration systems. Savings of 30 to 60% have
been identified through this modeling process saving facilities hundreds of thousands of dollars
annually.
References:
1. USEPA., (1989), Design Manual - Fine Pore Aeration Systems, Center for Environmental
Research, Cincinnati, Ohio
2. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., (1991), Wastewater Engineering: Treatment Disposal Reuse 3
rd
Ed
3. Hunt, B., (1996), Fine Bubble, Mechanical Aeration Woodard & Curran
4. Mitchell, B., (1990), A Practical Guide to Energy Conservation Measures in Water Quality
Systems, University of Florida TREEO Center, Gainsville, Florida