Gii thiu chung v Ethernet Cng ngh Ethernet c xy dng v chun ho thc hin cc chc nng mng lp data

ta link v lp physical. im khc bit ln m Ethernet mang li l cc my tnh c th trao i thng tin trc tip vi nhau m khng cn qua my tnh trung tm. IEEE 802.3 l chun chnh thc ca Ethernet.

Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data link LLC MAC

Ethernet

Physical

Cc c tnh chung ca Ethernet Cc chun Ethernet u hot ng tng Data Link trong m hnh 7 lp OSI v th n v d liu m cc trm trao i vi nhau l cc khung (frame). Cu trc khung Ethernet nh sau: Preambel 7 bytes SFD DA 1byte 6bytes SA 6bytes Length LLC 2bytes 3bytes Data+pad 431497bytes FCS 4bytes

Cu trc gi tin Ethernet Cc trng quan trng trong phn mo u s c m t di y: preamble: trng ny nh du s xut hin ca khung bit, n lun mang gi tr 10101010. T nhm bit ny, pha nhn c th to ra xung 10 Mhz.

 SFD (start frame delimiter): trng ny mi thc s xc nh s bt u ca 1 khung. N lun mang gi tr 10101011. Cc trng Destination v Source: mang a ch vt l ca cc trm nhn v gi khung, xc nh khung c gi t u v s c gi ti u. LEN: gi tr ca trng ni ln ln ca phn d liu m khung mang theo. FCS mang CRC (cyclic redundancy checksum): pha gi s tnh ton trng ny trc khi truyn khung. Pha nhn tnh ton li CRC ny theo cch tng t. Nu hai kt qu trng nhau, khung c xem l nhn ng v ngc li. Cu trc a ch Ethernet Mi giao tip mng Ethernet c nh danh duy nht bi 48 bit a ch gi l a ch MAC ( Media Access Control Address ). a ch MAC c biu din bi cc ch s hexa. V d : 00:60:97:8F:4F:86 hoc 00-60-97-8F-4F-86. Khun dng a ch MAC c chia lm 2 phn: 3 octet u xc nh hng sn xut, chu s qun l ca t chc IEEE. 3 octet sau do nh sn xut n nh. a ch MAC c s dng lm a ch ngun v a ch ch trong khung Ethernet. Cc loi khung Ethernet Cc khung unicast Gi s trm 1 cn truyn khung ti trm 2 (trn hnh v )

Hnh 2: M hnh truyn thng unicast Khung Ethernet do trm 1 to ra c a ch: MAC ngun: 00-60-08-93-DB-C1 MAC ch: 00-60-08-93-AB-12 y l khung unicast. Khung ny c truyn ti mt trm xc nh. Tt c cc trm trong phn on mng trn s u nhn c khung ny nhng: Ch c trm 2 thy a ch MAC ch ca khung trng vi a ch MAC ca giao tip mng ca mnh nn tip tc x l cc thng tin khc trong khung. Cc trm khc sau khi so snh a ch s b qua khng tip tc x l khung na. Cc khung broadcast Cc khung broadcast c a ch MAC ch l FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF ( 48 bit 1). Khi nhn c cc khung ny, mc d khng trng vi a ch MAC ca giao tip mng ca mnh nhng cc trm u phi nhn khung v tip tc x l. Giao thc ARP s dng cc khung broadcast ny tm a ch MAC tng ng vi mt a ch IP cho trc. Mt s giao thc nh tuyn cng s dng cc khung broadcast cc router trao i bng nh tuyn. Cc khung multicast

Trm ngun gi khung ti mt s trm nht nh ch khng phi l tt c. a ch MAC ch ca khung l a ch c bit m ch cc trm trong cng nhm mi chp nhn cc khung gi ti a ch ny. Hot ng ca Ethernet Phng thc iu khin truy nhp CSMA/CD quy nh hot ng ca h thng Ethernet. Mt s khi nim c bn lin quan n qu trnh truyn khung Ethernet: Khi tn hiu ang c truyn trn knh truyn, knh truyn lc ny bn v ta gi trng thi ny l c sng mang carrier. Khi ng truyn ri: khng c sng mang absence carrier. Nu hai trm cng truyn khung ng thi th chng s pht hin ra s xung t v phi thc hin li qu trnh truyn khung. Khong thi gian mt giao tip mng khi phc li sau mi ln nhn khung c gi l khong trng lin khung ( interframe gap) k hiu IFG. Gi tr ca IFG bng 96 ln thi gian ca mt bit. V d Ethernet 10Mb/s: IFG = 9,6 us Ethernet 100Mb/s: IFG = 960 ns Ethernet 1000Mb/s: IFG = 96 ns Cch thc truyn khung v pht hin xung t din ra nh sau: 1. Khi pht hin ng truyn ri, my trm s i thm mt khong thi gian bng IFG, sau n thc hin ngay vic truyn khung. Nu truyn nhiu khung th gia cc khung phi cch nhau khong IFG. 2. Trong trng hp ng truyn bn, my trm s tip tc ch ng truyn cho n khi ng truyn ri th thc hin li 1. 3. Trng hp khi qu trnh truyn khung ang din ra th my trm pht hin thy s xung t, my trm s phi tip tc truyn 32 bit d liu. Nu s xung t c pht hin ngay khi mi bt u truyn khung th my trm s phi truyn ht trng preamble v thm 32 bit na , vic truyn nt cc bit ny m bo tn hiu s tn ti trn ng truyn lu cho php cc trm khc nhn ra c s xung t v x l. X l xung t:

1. Sau khi truyn ht cc bit bo hiu tc nghn, my trm s i trong mt khong thi gian ngu nhin hy vng sau s khng gp xung t v thc hin li vic truyn khung nh bc 1. 2. Trong ln truyn khung tip theo ny m vn gp xung t, my trm buc phi i thm ln na vi khong thi gian ngu nhin nhng di hn. 4. Khi mt trm truyn thnh cng 512 bit (khng tnh trng preamble), ta xem nh knh truyn b chim (khng th c xung t). Khong thi gian ng vi thi gian ca 512 bit c gi l slotTime. Cng c nhiu trm trong phn on mng th s xung t cng xy ra nhiu, tc truyn gim xung. Khi nim slotTime

V d v khi nim slotTime Trm 1 v trm 2 c xem nh hai trm hai pha xa nht ca mng. Trm 1 truyn khung ti trm 2, ngay trc khi khung ny ti trm 2, trm 2 cng quyt nh truyn khung (v n thy ng truyn ri). mng Ethernet hot ng ng, mi my trm phi pht hin v thng bo s xung t ti trm xa nht trong mng trc khi mt trm ngun hon thnh vic truyn khung. Khung Ethernet kch c nh nht l 512 bit (64 octet), do khong thi gian nh nht pht hin v thng bo xung t l 512 ln thi gian mt bit. V d

Ethernet 10Mb/s : slot Time = 51,2 us Ethernet 200Mb/s : slot Time = 2,56 us Ethernet 5000Mb/s : slot Time = 102,4 ns u im ca cng ngh: H tr rt tt cho ng dng truyn ti d liu tc cao v c c tnh lu lng mng tnh t bin v tnh bng n. Ethernet cho php truyn ti lu lng vi hiu xut bng thng v thng lng truyn ti ln. Kt ni cung cp dch v cho khch hng thun li do khng phi thay i, nng cp cng ngh. Chi ph ban u t xy dng mng khng qu cao. M rng v nng cp d dng. Qun l mng n gin Nhc im ca cng ngh: Cng ngh Ethernet ph hp vi cu trc mng theu kiu cu trc t - p hnh cy m khng ph hp vi cu trc mng ring (dng vng). Thi gian thc hin bo v phc hi ln. Cha thc hin chc nng m bo cht lng dch v (QoS) cho nhng dch v cn truyn ti c yu cu v QoS