CHNG I.

MA TRN NH THC H PHNG

TRNH TUYN TNH
1. KHI NIM V MA TRN
Bi 1: Thc hin cc php tnh sau
1

6
1.
0

5 2 11 5

0 7 3 2

4
2 1 1
2.
2 (1 2)
1 2 1
0

1
1 1 0 2
1 2 3
2
4.
0 1 1 0
3 0 4 1 0 2 1 3

cos
5.
sin

sin

cos

1
2

( n `, 0 < 2 )

1 an
, a R v n `
3.
0 1
2 1
2
Bi 2: Cho A =
v f ( x ) = 3x + 2 x 4 . Tnh f ( A) .
0 3
Bi 3:
6 4
x + y
x y x
1. Tm cc s thc x, y , z , w sao cho 3
=
+
.
3
z w 1 2 w z + w
2 1
2. Tm tt c cc ma trn cp 2 giao hon vi ma trn A =
.
0 1

2 2
1 1 3
2 1 2

t t t
Bi 4: Cho cc ma trn A = 1 2 2 , B = 1 2 , C =
. Tnh C B A .
2
3
1

3 2
2 2 5

Bi 5: Tm ma trn X trong cc trng hp sau

2 1 3 2 1 2
1.
. X.
=

4 5 5 3 3 4
2 1
1 1 1 1
2.
. X X .
=

1 2
1 1 1 1

1 2 2

3. 2 5 4 X

2 4 5

3 5
1 5

7 6 = 3 2 2

2 1
2 1

2. NH THC

Bi 6: Tnh cc nh thc sau y

1.

7 6 5
1 2 1
3 2 2

2.

1 2 3 4

2 3 4
5 6 7
8 9 1

3.

2 3 4 1
3 4 1 4
4 1 2 3

1 2 3 4

4.

2 3 4 1

5.

a+x
x
x
b+x

3 4 1 4

x
x

x2 + 1

6.

c+x

3.

1
2
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
....
..... .....
n 1 n 1 n 1
n
n
n

4 1 2 3

Bi 7: Tnh cc nh thc cp n sau y

1 2 3 ....... n 1 n
1 0 3 ....... n 1 n

1.

1 2 0 ........ n 1 n
......................................
1 2 3 ............ 0 n
1 2 3 ........ n 1 0

3.

1
1
1

1
2
2

1
2
3

.......
.......
.......

1
2
3

1
2
3

... ... ... ....... ....

....
1 2 3 ....... n 1 n 1
1 2 3 ....... n 1
n

Bi 8:Gii cc phng trnh sau y

1 x x 2 x3

1 2
1.
1 3

4
9

8
=0
27

1 4 16 64

3. HNG CA MA TRN
Bi 9: Tm hng ca cc ma trn sau

xy
xz

.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......

x a a " a
a x a " a
4. a a x " a
" " " " "
a a a " x

x
x +1 x + 2
2. x + 3 x + 4 x + 5 = 0
x+6 x+7 x+8

xy

xz

y +1
yz
2
yz
z +1
2

n 1
n 1
n 1
.......
n 1
n

n
n
n
...
n
n

 1 3 5 1
2 1

2 1 3 4

1.
2. 4 2
5 1 1 7
2 1

7
7
9
1

0 2 4
2 4

1 4 5
1 2

3. 3 1
3.
7
0 1

0 5 10
1 7
2 3

Bi 10: Ty theo tham s m , hy tm hng ca cc ma trn sau

1 2 3
3 1

4 5 6
2 2

1.
2.
7 8 9
m 4

10 m 12
1 7

3 2 4

5 1 7
1 8 2
3 1
1 4
1 3
4 4
1
4
10
17

2
1

3
1

m 1 1 1

Bi 11: Cho ma trn A = 1 m 1 m . Tm m r ( A) < 3 .

1 1 1 m2

4. MA TRN NGHCH O
Bi 12: Tm ma trn nghch o ca cc ma trn sau y bng phng php bin i s
cp
1 3 5
1 3 2
1 0 3

3. 5 0 1
2. 2 1 3
1. 2 1 1
3 1 0
3 2 1
3 2 2

1 2 0 1
2 1 0 2
1 1 0 0

1 1 2 0
2 2 1 0
0 1 1 0

4.
5.
6.
0 1 1 2
0 2 2 1
0 0 1 1

2 0 1 1
1 0 2 2
1 0 0 1

5. H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

Bi 13: Gii cc h phng trnh tuyn tnh sau
x1 2x 2 + x 3 + 2x 4 = 1

2.
1. x 1 + x 2 x 3 + x 4 = 2
x + 7x 5x x = 0
2
3
4
1

x1 + 3x 2 + 5 x3 + x 4 = 0

4 x1 7 x 2 3x3 x 4 = 0
3x + 2 x + 7 x + 8 x = 0
2
3
4
1
Bi 14: Gii v bin lun cc h phng trnh sau

+z = 1
mx + y

1. x + my + z = m
x
+ y + mz = m 2

x 1

3. x 1
x
1

2 x 2
+x 2

+x 3
x 3

+2 x 4
+x 4

+7x 2

5x 3

x 4

+ y + (1 m )z = m + 2
x

+2 z
=
0
2. (1 + m )x y
2x
my
+3z
= m+2

=
=

1
m 4.
= 4m

+3x 2
+5x 2
+5x 2
+3x 2

+2 x 3
+2 x 3
+6 x 3
+4 x 3

+4 x 4
+9 x 4
+ mx 4
+3x 4

+2 x 2

x3

3x 2

+7x 3

= 1

+x 2

+3x 3

+x 2

+2 x 3

+2 x 2

+3x 3

+ mx 4

x1
2 x
1
6.
x 1
5x 1
m+2

+x 2

+x 3

+ mx 4

m +1

+3x 2

+4 x 3

+2 mx 4

2m + 3

+4 x 2

+2 x 3

+3mx 4

3m + 1

+x 2

+2 x 3

+2 mx 4

= m2 + m + 2

2x1 x 2 + x 3 + x 4 = 1

5. x 1 + 2 x 2 x 3 + 4 x 4 = 2
x + 7x 4 x + 11x = m
2
3
4
1
x1
x
1
7. 2 x 1
3 x
1
x 1

x1
2 x
1

x1
x 1

=
=
=
=

1
1
3
2

m
+y
+z
=
mx

Bi 15: Cho h phng trnh 2 x + (1 + m )y + (1 + m )z = m 1 . Tm tham s m

x
+y
+ mz
=
1

h phng trnh trn c nghim.

ax 3y + z = 2

Bi 16: Cho h phng trnh ax + y +2 z = 3 (I), trong a, b l tham s.

3x +2 y + z = b

1. Xc nh a, b h (I) l h Cramer. Khi hy tm nghim ca h theo a, b .

2. Tm a, b h (I) v nghim.
3. Tm a, b h (I) c v s nghim v tm nghim tng qut ca h.
x 1 3x 2 + 4 x 3 x 4 = 0

2 x1 + x 2 2 x 3 + 2 x 4 = 0
Bi 17: Tm h nghim c bn ca h phng trnh
.
3x1 2 x 2 + 2 x 3 + x 4 = 0
x1 + 4 x 2 6 x 3 + 3x 4 = 0