CNG HIN CA NHNG NGI NHT VIT NAM MI

477
CNG HIN CA NHNG NGI NHT VIT NAM MI
VI CUC KHNG CHIN CHNG PHP
CA NHN DN VIT NAM (1945 - 1954)
PGS.TS Hong Hng

Trong thi gian din ra cuc khng chin chng Php ca nhn dn Vit Nam,
c mt s binh s v thng dn nc ngoi do nhiu l do khc nhau cn li Vit
Nam v tham gia cng nhn dn Vit Nam chng Php. H tr thnh nhng
ngi Vit Nam mi nh cch gi ca nhng ngi cch mng Vit Nam.
Khi Nht Bn tuyn b u hng khng iu kin cc nc ng minh, ton
b binh s Nht ng Dng lc khong 9 vn ngi. Theo tho thun ca
cc nc ng minh, binh s Nht c tp trung mt s a im di s
qun thc ca qun i Trung Hoa dn quc (pha bc v tuyn 16) hoc ca
qun Anh (pha nam v tuyn 16), ri sau thng 4 1946 ri Vit Nam v nc
t cng Hi Phng v Vng Tu. Trong khong thi gian ny, do s li lng trong
qun l ca qun Tng v qun Anh, mt s binh s Nht Bn o ng. Theo
C.E. Goscha, mt nh nghin cu lch s ngi M, s binh s Nht Bn o ng
pha bc v tuyn 16 khong 2.000 ngi, cn pha nam v tuyn 16 khong 600
ngi. Nhng con s ny lun lun bin ng v sau nhiu qun nhn Nht t
nguyn hoc b bt tr li n v.
V sao h o ng v khng mun tr v Nht Bn? Cc nh nghin cu
c nhiu cch l gii khc nhau, nhng tu chung thng quy vo cc l do: 1) Bi
quan v tng lai ca nc Nht di s chim ng ca qun M; 2) Lo s b
ngc i vi thn phn l t binh hoc b xt x vi t cch l ti phm chin
tranh; 3) Quyt tm chin u cng vi ch ca mt ngi lnh v s mng lch
s i ng hoc l c mt mi quan h tnh cm no Vit Nam.

Trng i hc Khoa hc X hi v Nhn vn, i hc Quc gia H Ni.

KY YLU HI 1H/ UC 1L \IL1 '/M HC L/' 1HL B/
TIEU BAN LCH S VIET NAM HIEN AI


Hong Hng
478
Khng phi tt c cc binh s Nht Bn o ng u tham gia Vit Minh v
cng khng phi h sn sng tham gia Vit Minh ngay sau khi o ng. Hnh
ng o ng ca h khng theo mt ch trng no v cng khng nm trong
mt t chc no.
Oka Kazuaki (cu Hi trng Hi Hu ngh Nht Vit) cho rng c khong 800
ngi Nht li Vit Nam trong c 186 ngi tng tham gia Vit Minh.
C. E. Goscha c tnh c ti a l 200 ngi t nm 1945 n nm 1950 theo
Vit Minh. Ikawa Kazuhisa, tc gi Bn bo co iu tra nghin cu v du
tch ca nhng ngi Nht tham gia khng chin chng Php Vit Nam da
vo ti liu Bn danh sch nhng ngi cha v nc t ng Dng thuc
Php ca B Lao ng v Y t Nht Bn ban hnh thng 7 1955 on nh s
qun nhn Nht Bn o ng v cn li Vit Nam tnh n cui nm 1946 l 800
ngi, trong s ngi tham gia Vit Minh khong 600 ngi v c tnh
khong mt na trong s ng xung trn mnh t Vit Nam.
Theo ngun ti liu ti Trung tm Lu tr Quc gia III, s ngi Nht hi
hng t min Bc Vit Nam din ra qua 3 t (t 1954 n 1960) vi tng
cng l 105 ngi. min Nam, t sau nm 1954, Nht kiu hi hng ri rc
nhng nhiu nht l nm 1978. Nh nghin cu Ikawa Kazuhisa tin hnh iu
tra ti Nht Bn v c danh sch 128 Nht kiu (trong 102 ngi hi hng t
min Bc Vit Nam, 26 ngi hi hng t min Nam Vit Nam).
Da vo ngun ti liu lu tr ca Cc Lu tr Nh nc, Cc Lu tr Vn
phng Trung ng ng, Cc Lu tr B Quc phng, mt s ti liu lu tr ti
Hi Hu ngh Vit Nht, cc hi k ca mt s s quan qun i v ti liu iu
tra du tch nhng ngi Nht Bn hi hng t Vit Nam ca Ikawa Kazuhisa,
chng ti tp hp c mt danh sch gm 160 ngi Nht Bn tham gia
chng Php cng nhn dn Vit Nam
1
. Nhng ngi Nht Bn ny c nhng
ng gp nht nh i vi s nghip gii phng dn tc Vit Nam.
Hot ng ni bt nht ca nhng ngi Nht Vit Nam mi l lnh vc
hun luyn qun s. iu ny xut pht t nhu cu trc tip ca cuc khng chin
chng thc dn Php. Ngy 23 9 1945, thc dn Php n sng nh chim Si
Gn. Cuc khng chin chng thc dn Php ca qun dn Nam B bt u.
Nhim v cp bch ca ng v Chnh ph Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ho lc l
phi tng cng lc lng v trang c v s lng v cht lng. Cc chin s V
quc on cn phi c kin thc v k thut v chin thut, cn b ch huy cn
phi c trnh nht nh v chnh tr v qun s. Nhng ngi Nht Vit Nam
mi c ch huy nhiu n v qun i trng dng lm nhim v hun
luyn qun s.
CNG HIN CA NHNG NGI NHT VIT NAM MI

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Nhng c quan v n v sau y c nhng ngi Nht Vit Nam mi
n ging dy hoc hun luyn k thut, chin thut qun s:
Cc Qun hun, B Tng Tham mu.
Trng Qun chnh Qung Ngi.
Trng Qun chnh Bc Sn.
Trng Qun chnh Cao Min.
Trng Lc qun Trn Quc Tun.
B T lnh Lin khu I.
B Ch huy Chin khu V.
B Ch huy mt trn Nha Trang Khnh Ho.
Trung on Trn Cao Vn.
Trung on 95 Nguyn Thin Thut.
Tnh i Qung Ngi.
Tnh i Ninh Thun.
Tnh i Bnh Thun.
Tnh i H Tnh.
Tnh i H Giang.
Tnh i Ph Th.
Tnh i Bc Giang.
Tnh i Bc Ninh.
...
Tiu biu nht l Trng Lc qun Trung hc Qung Ngi khai ging ngy
01 6 1946 (Tng Nguyn Sn lm Hiu trng) c i ng gio vin qun s
ton ngi Nht. 4 gio vin chnh ca 4 i i l: Tanimoto ng Hng,
Nakahara Mitsunobu Minh Ngc, Ikari Kazumasa Phan Lai, Kamo Tokuji
Phan Hu; 4 gio vin tr ging l: Aoyama Hiroshi, Onishi Suegami, Namada
Suegami, Minegishi Sadai. Ban Hun luyn c 2 ngi Nht l: Ishu Taku
Nguyn Vn Thng, Sato Minh Tm. B phn qun y c bc s Kisei Fujio L
Trung. Bi ging ca gio vin Nht Bn c bin son theo cun B binh thao
in ca qun i Nht. Cc gio vin Nht Bn lun th hin s nhit tnh,
gng mu, cng chu ng mi gian kh thiu thn nh cc hc vin. Trn 400
cn b ch huy s cp c o to trong mt kho hc ca Trng Lc qun
Trung hc Qung Ngi c phn ng gp khng nh ca nhng ngi Nht Vit
Nam mi.
Hong Hng
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Vic s dng cc binh s Nht Bn lm nhim v ging dy, hun luyn
qun s cho cn b v chin s Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam trong thi gian u
ca cuc khng chin chng Php t r l mt ch trng ng v hiu qu.
Nhng ngi Nht Vit Nam mi trong lnh vc ny cng pht huy cao
kh nng ca mnh. C th nh gi y l cng hin ln nht ca nhng ngi
Nht tham gia chng Php cng nhn dn Vit Nam.
Nhiu ngi Nht Vit Nam mi trc tip tham gia chin u. L nhng
binh s c o to bi bn nn trong cc n v chin u, h thng pht
huy c kh nng v k thut, chin thut gp phn tch cc cho thng li ca
nhiu trn nh. Chng ti thng k c 41 ngi Nht tham d nhng chin
dch ln hoc chin u cc mt trn a phng: Chin dch Vit Bc, Chin
dch Bin gii, Chin dch ng s 14; cc mt trn: Pleiku, Bun Ma Thut,
Campuchia, Lo, C Mau, Bin Ho, Bnh Thun, Nng, Qung Ngi, Hu, H
Tnh, Thanh Ho, Thi Nguyn, Vnh Phc, Bc Giang...
Mt s ngi Nht Vit Nam mi th hin c l nhng chin binh qu
cm, c cc chin s Vit Nam cng n v cm phc. C ngi hy sinh (Ikawa
L Ch Ng), nhiu ngi b thng (Yutumn Suchio Nguyn c Hng,
Nakano Isao Nguyn Vn Li, Mavaki Yoshira H Tm, Nobumino Taoto
Nguyn Vn Hin, Iwai Koshio Nguyn Vn Su, Nakamura Ichitaro Trn
Ho, Yamazaki Zensaku Trn H, Nobuyoshi Tachibana Trn c Trung,
Katsuo Uykawa Ng T Cn, Takeshi Amakawwa L Tng...).
Do nhng thnh tch trong chin u v phc v chin u, nhng ngi
Nht Vit Nam mi nhn c trn 30 hun huy chng cc loi ca Chnh
ph v Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam. Sau y l nhng c nhn tiu biu:
1. Iwai Koshio Nguyn Vn Su:
Hun chng Chin cng hng Nht.
Hun chng Chin thng hng Nht,
2. Ikari Kazumasa Phan Lai:
Hun chng Chin cng hng Ba.
Hun chng Chin thng hng Nht.
3. Nakahara Mitsuboni Nguyn Minh Ngc:
Hun chng Chin cng hng Ba.
Hun chng Chin thng hng Nht.
4. Yoshida Tamio Phan Tin B:
Hun chng Chin thng hng Ba.
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Hun chng Chin s hng Ba.
Hun chng Lao ng hng Ba.
K nim chng Khng chin.
5. Tsuchiyo Tuchitani Isamu Nguyn Vn ng:
Hun chng Chin thng hng Ba.
Hun chng Lao ng hng Nh.
K nim chng Khng chin.
6. Yutumi Suchio Nguyn c Hng:
Hun chng Khng chin hng Nh.
Hun chng Chin thng hng Hai.
K nim chng Khng chin.
7. Takeda Yoshiro Nguyn Vn Phc:
Hun chng Chin thng hng Ba.
Hun chng Chin s hng Ba.
K nim chng Khng chin.
8. Nakano Isao Nguyn Vn Li:
Huy chng Chin thng hng Nht.
K nim chng Khng chin.
9. Mavaki Yoshira H Tm:
Huy chng Chin thng hng Nht.
10. Yoshi Omori Nguyn Ngh:
Hun chng Chin s hng Nh.
K nim chng Khng chin.
11. Nobuyoshi Tachibana Trn c Trung:
Huy chng Khng chin hng Nht.
Huy chng Khng chin hng Ba.
12. Yazawa Tsuruji L Vn Thanh:
Hun chng Chin s hng Ba.
Hong Hng
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13. Masato Nakagawa Nguyn Vn Cn:
Huy chng Khng chin hng Ba.
Hun chng Chin thng hng Ba.
K nim chng Khng chin.
14. Shimoda Shichiro Nguyn Vn Tn:
Hun chng Khng chin hng Ba.
Hun chng Chin thng hng Ba.
K nim chng Khng chin.
15. Katsutaro Yoshida Nguyn Quyt Thng:
Huy chng Khng chin hng Hai.
Huy chng Chin s hng Hai.
16. Takeshi Amakawa L Tng:
Huy chng Khng chin hng Nht.
Huy chng Khng chin hng Ba.
Hun chng Chin s hng Ba.
17. Hayaka Seuchiro Tng Vn Hun:
K nim chng Khng chin.
18. Siro Shiina Nguyn Nht Linh:
C 7 giy chng nhn huy, huy chng cc loi.
19. Ota Takuchi Mnh Chung:
Huy chng Chin s hng Nh.
Huy chng Chin s hng Ba.
20. Kenji Mizue Nguyn Tr:
Huy chng Khng chin hng Hai.
Huy chng Chin s hng Hai.
...
C 4 ngi Nht c kt np vo ng Lao ng Vit Nam:
1. Iwai Koshiro Nguyn Vn Su: kt np nm 1952.
2. Yutumi Suchio Nguyn c Hng: kt np nm 1949.
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3. Tsuchiyo Tuchitami Nguyn Vn ng: kt np nm 1949.
4. Yoshida Tamio Phan Tin B: kt np nm 1950.
S c mt ca nhng ngi Nht, nhng ng gp cng sc v xng mu
ca h cho cuc khng chin chng Php ca nhn dn Vit Nam l mt s tht
lch s, nhng s tht lch s ny cn cha c khi phc y . Nhng thng
tin lch s trn y cn rt s si so vi thc t. Cng vic nghin cu chc chn
cn phi tip tc nhm gp phn nhn thc y hn v lch s ca cuc khng
chin chng Php (1945 1954) ca dn tc Vit Nam, v chnh sch i on kt
ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam v v mt du n lch s trong quan h Vit Nht.


CH THCH

1
Trong s ny, c nhng ngi ch bit tn Nht m khng bit tn Vit hoc ngc li, v
th c th xy ra s trng lp mt s trng hp.