H iu Hnh Tin Tin

Ging vin: Tun Anh Email: anhdt@it-hut.edu.vn B mn: Khoa hc my tnh Vin Cng ngh thng tin v Truyn thng

NI DUNG
M u: Gii thiu mn hc Ni dung: Phn I: H thng phn tn
Chng 1: Cu trc ca h thng phn tn Chng 2: H thng qun l file phn tn Chng 3: iu phi trong h thng phn tn

Phn II: Cc h thng c trng Chng 4: H thng iu hnh thi gian thc Chng 5: H thng x l a phng tin Kt lun

M u: Gii thiu mn hc
L phn nng cao ca nguyn l h iu hnh Mc tiu mn hc
Gii thiu v h thng x l qun l ti nguyn phn tn Tm hiu cc vn x l lin quan trong qu trnh qun l ti nguyn phn tn Gii thiu cc h thng c trng

Yu cu

Ti liu tham kho

Nguyn Thanh Tng, Bi ging h iu hnh. H Bch khoa H ni Nguyn Gia inh, Nguyn Kim Tun, Nguyn l h iu hnh H Quang Ty. C bn v h iu hnh phn tn William Stalling. Operating System. Prentice Hall, 1995 Tanenbaum. Modern Operating System. Pretice Hall, 2007

Chng m u
H thng kin thc v h iu hnh n b vi x l
Khi nim Tnh cht c im Cc thnh phn
H thng qun l vo ra H thng qun l b nh H thng qun l file H thng qun l tin trnh iu trong h thng n b vi x l

Phn I: H thng phn tn

Chng 1: Cu trc ca h thng phn tn
1.1 Gii thiu v h thng phn tn 1.2 Cc loi h iu hnh phn tn 1.3 Cu trc v m hnh mng ca h phn tn 1.4 Cu trc v giao thc giao tip 1.5 c im ca h thng phn tn 1.6 V d 1.7 Tng kt, bi tp

Chng 2 Chng 3

Chng 1: Cu trc ca h thng phn tn

Mc tiu:
Cung cp kin thc tng quan ca h thng phn tn v giao tip gia chng Cung cp thng tin cu trc ca h iu hnh phn tn

H thng phn tn l h thng gm nhiu b vi x l c lp v b nh v xung ng h.

Mi mt b x l c b nh ring, cc b vi x l giao tip nhau. Cc b vi x l khng nht thit phi ging nhau.

H thng qun l file phn tn l h thng file-service, trong users, servers, v thit b lu tr l cc thnh phn tham gia. Service ny hot ng hoan toan qua giao tip kt ni mng.

1.1 Gii thiu v h thng phn tn

H thng phn tn l h thng bao gm cc my tnh kt ni vi nhau qua mi trng giao tip nhng x l c lp vi nhau
VD: nu ng di gc t mt my tnh

Cc my tnh trong h thng phn tn gm nhiu chng loi v c chc nng khc nhau
Ti so li phi xy dng h thng phn

tn

1.1.1 Vn chia s ti nguyn

Nu cc my tnh c kt ni vi nhau th mt ngi my ny cng c th s dng ti nguyn nm my khc VD: Nu my A c th s dng my in ca my B th tc l my B c th truy nhp c vo file ca my A. Do , chia s ti nguyn trong h thng phn tn l vic cung cp c ch truy nhp ti nguyn t xa.

1.1.2. Tng tc x l
Nu mt bi ton c th chia nh thnh cc bi ton con Gii quyt cc bi ton con mt cch ng thi h thng phn tn cho php thc hin iu trn tng my tnh. V vy s tng tc gii quyt vn . Khi nim Load sharing Load sharing rt ph bin trong cc h iu hnh phn tn

1.1.3 Tnh tin cy

Trong h thng phn tn nu mt thnh phn gp li, th cc thnh phn khc vn hot ng. VD: Nu h thng phn tn gm nhiu my tnh, khi mt my ngng hot ng th n khng nh hng n h thng cn li. Do trong h thng phn tn phi tn ti module pht hin li. Khi li c pht hin ra th n phi dng cng vic ti thnh phn li, thc hin khi phc v c th chuyn cng vic cho thnh phn khc trong h thng.

1.1.4 Phng thc trao i thng tin

H thng bao gm nhiu thnh phn, cc thnh phn trong h phn tn ch yu giao tip thng qua phng thc trao i thng tin.
Mc vt l gi l truyn thng ip. Mc ng dng th l giao thc nh: FTP, mail, Login, RPC,

u im
Cc phng thc ny c th thc hien trao i gia cc thnh phn cch bit vi nhau v a l. ng dng cc phng thc trao i ny s thu nh th gii, VD nh nhng cng ty a quc gia.

1.2 Cc loi h iu hnh phn tn

Hai h iu hnh ph bin
H iu hnh mng H iu hnh phn tn

Trn thc t
H iu hnh mng d trin khai H iu hnh phn tn h tr ngi dng tt hn

1.2.1 H iu hnh mng

H iu hnh mng cung cp mi trng cho php truy nhp bng phng thc truy nhp t xa s dng ti nguyn v truyn d liu. Remote login
truy nhp vo h thng t xa, ngi s dng cn ng nhp vo h thng, y l mt chc nng quan trng ca h iu hnh mng. VD: truy nhp vo kho d liu t ti trng H Bch khoa a ch: soict.hut.edu.vn

telnet soict.hut.edu.vn

1.2.1 H iu hnh mng (tt)

Truyn file t xa
Mt chc nng khc phi h tr ca h iu hnh mng l cho php truyn ti file t xa. Trn Internet hien nay ang h tr giao thc FTP

VD: c file l hello.java trn server soict.hut.edu.vn mun ly file ny xung my cc b

ng nhp vo soict.hut.edu.vn: FTP soict.hut.edu.vn Nhp thng tin account Copy file v bng lnh: get hello.java

C ch FTP
Get, Put Ls hoc dir Cd

1.2.2 H iu hnh phn tn

H phn tn l t hp bao gm cc my tnh c lp vi trnh din h thng nh mt my tnh n trc ngi dng.
Truy nhp ti nguyn t xa cung ging nh- cch ng-i s dng truy nhp ti nguyn cc b. Di tr D liu v tin trnh s -c h iu hnh phn tn kim sot.

1.2.2 H iu hnh phn tn (tt)

Di tr d liu: vic di tr d liu c hai ph-ng thc
Ton b d liu Mt phn d liu

Di tr cng vic thc hin: t chc d-i hai hnh thc

Gi ph-ng thc thng qua RPC Gi thng ip ti thnh phn phn tn, thnh phn phn tn s to ra tin trnh v thc hin sau gi tr kt qu cho tin trnh gi.

Di tr tin trnh: l m rng ca di tr cng vic

1.3 Cu trc v m hnh mng ca h phn tn

Cc dch v phn tn c m t thng qua cc c t chc nng. Thi hnh cc dch v phn tn ph thuc vo kin trc h thng v mng truyn thng h tng Mc trn, kin trc h thng c m t mt cch tru tng thng qua cc thnh phn chnh v mi quan h ca cc thnh phn ny Mc di, kin trc mng c t cc phng tin truyn thng Tn ti rt nhiu m hnh h thng v kin trc mng

1.3.1 Kin trc ca h thng phan tn

M hnh mng LAN

1.3.1 Kin trc ca h thng phan tn (tt)

M hnh mng WAN

1.3.1 Kin trc ca h thng phan tn (tt)

HH tp trung ch bao gm hai kiu thc th chnh l Tin trnh v file HH phn tn bt buc b sung thnh phn th ba, l ng truyn thng

1.3.1 Kin trc ca h thng phan tn (tt)

M hnh Ch khch

1.3.1 Kin trc ca h thng phan tn (tt)

M hnh processor-pool

1.4 Cu trc v giao thc giao tip

Giao thc truyn thng l tp cc quy tc quy nh vic trao i T nhm cung cp dng thng tin ng tin cy v ng trt t trong qu trnh truyn thng. truyn thng ti im xa
in thoi

Th - Bu chnh

1.4 Cu trc v giao thc giao tip (tt)

c im
Giao thc hng kt ni
To v duy tr kt ni Tin cy C trnh t

Giao thc khng hng kt ni

Khng tin cy Khng theo trnh t Nhanh

La chn giao thc ?

Truyn File Qung b thng tin

1.4 Cu trc v giao thc giao tip (tt)

Trong h thng, truyn thng xy ra ti nhiu mc khc nhau
Cc my truyn thng Cc mng truyn thng Thit k mng truyn thng, ng thi phn tng

Yu cu trong thit k
Mi tng t-ng ng vi mt mc Mi tng m nhim chc nng nht nh Thng tin i qua mi tng l t nht S tng ln Hai h thng khc nhau giao tip vi nhau nu cng giao din Cc chc nng l tp cc tng Cc tng k nhau c giao thc Hai b giao thc: OSI v TCP/IP

1.4.1 Giao thc chun OSI

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) ca T chc chun ha quc t (ISO)
Giao tip truyn thng ca cc tin trnh thc hin qua by tng

1.4.1 Giao thc chun OSI (tt)

Tng vt l c t c trng in t v c hc ca ng truyn thng vt l gia cp hai nt Tng iu khin kt ni d liu (DLC) m bo truyn tin cy nhm bit (c gi l khung - frame) Tng mng: Tng mng gii quyt vn gi cc gi (packet) dc theo mng Tng giao vn: Trch nhim c bn ca tng giao vn l cung cp vic truyn thng tin cy Tng phin, trnh din v ng dng: cc dch v b sung ti h thng.
Tng phin b sung dch v hi thoi v ng b cho tng giao vn Tng trnh din cung cp m ho d liu, nn v bin i m Tng ng dng dnh cho ngi thit k ng dng, chng hn dch v th in t v truyn file.

1.4.1 Giao thc chun TCP/IP

1.4.1 Giao thc chun TCP/IP

1.5 c im ca h thng phn tn

H phn tn c cc c im c bn
Tnh chia x ti nguyn Tnh m Kh nng song song Tnh m rng Kh nng chu li Tnh trong sut

Chia s ti nguyn
Ti nguyn ca h thng c cc QT chia x (s dng chung) m khng b hn ch bi tnh trng phn tn ti nguyn theo v tr a l.
Mi ti nguyn cn phi c qun l bi mt chng trnh c giao din truyn thng Cc ti nguyn c truy nhp, cp nht tin cy v nht qun.

Qun l ti nguyn:
Lp k hoch v d phng, t tn cc lp ti nguyn, cho php ti nguyn c truy cp t ni khc, nh x tn ti nguyn vo a ch truyn thng ...

Tnh m
Tnh m ca mt h thng my tnh l tnh d dng m rng
Phn cng (thit b ngoi vi, b nh, cc giao din truyn thng ...) Phn mm (cc m hnh HH, cc giao thc truyn thng, cc dch v chia x ti nguyn ...)

Tnh m ca HH phn tn c thi hnh da trn vic cung cp c ch truyn thng gia cc QT v cng khai cc giao din c dng truy cp ti nguyn chung.

Kh nng song song

H phn tn hot ng trn mt mng truyn thng c nhiu my tnh, mi my tnh c th c mt hoc nhiu CPU. Trong cng mt thi im nu c t hai QT tr ln cng tn ti, ta ni rng chng c thc hin ng thi Thc hin
Nhiu ngi s dng ng thi a ra cc lnh hay tng tc vi chng trnh ng dng Nhiu CT phc v chy ng thi. T iu kin a x l, kh nng song song ca h thng phn tn tr thnh mt thuc tnh

Kh nng m rng
Tnh khng thay i phn mm h thng v phn mm ng dng khi h thng c m rng v d: S dng mt file qu cao xut hin nh kt qu ca vic tng s ngi s dng trn mng.
trnh tnh trng tc nghn xy ra nu nh ch c mt phc v p ng cc yu cu truy cp file , cn nhn bn file trn mt vi phc v v h thng c thit k sao cho d dng b sung phc v Cc gii php khc l s dng Cache v bn sao d liu

Kh nng chu li
Kh nng chu li th hin vic h thng khng b sp bi cc s c do cc li thnh phn (c phn cng ln phn mm) trong mt thnh phn Gii php
Dng kh nng thay th m bo hot ng hiu qu, lin tc Xy dng ch-ng trnh m bo phc hi khi s c xy ra

Tnh trong sut

Tnh trong sut ca h phn tn c hiu nh l s che khut i cc thnh phn ring bit ca h thng my tnh (phn cng v phn mm) i vi ngi s dng v nhng ngi lp trnh ng dng

Mc tiu thit k h thng phn tn

Ch-ng 2: H thng qun l file phn tn

Ni dung
Gii thiu v h thng qun l file Thit k h thng file phn tn Giao dch Nhn bn

2.1 Gii thiu v h thng qun l file

H thng tnh ton l tp hp cc thao tc x l trn i t-ng d liu D liu cn l-u gi lu di tm kim D liu l-u trn my tnh v -c t tn d-i dng file File l ti nguyn ca h thng
H thng qun l file thnh phn ca h iu hnh Nhim v: t tn, to mi, xo, tm kim v bo v Chia s v phn b trong h thng phn tn

2.1 Gii thiu v h thng qun l file (tt)

H thng file phn tn (DFS) l h thng qun l file phn tn vt l trn cc nt v cung cp ph-ng thc qun l file ca h thng file tp trung S tn ti cc file trong phm vi ca h thng l trong sut i vi ng-i dng H thng DFS p ng -c
Phn tn Nhiu ng-i dng Nhn bn Trong sut

2.1 Gii thiu v h thng qun l file (tt)

Mc tiu thit k DFS: che du s phn tn v a ng-i dng DFS m bo trong sut
Trong sut vi ng-i dng
Ng-i dng ng nhp ti my tnh bt k trong h thng vi mt th tc ng nhp ng c tnh ny gi l trong sut ng nhp. Truy cp tt c cc file trong h thng, bt k file cc b hay xa ng nht. Tnh cht ny gi l trong sut truy nhp.

File phn tn
Tn -c t cho file khng cha thng tin v v tr vt l ca file, gi l trong sut nh v File c th di chuyn t v tr vt l ny sang v tr vt l khc m khng phi i tn. gi l c lp nh v

2.1 Gii thiu v h thng qun l file (tt)

a ng-i dng
Nhiu ng-i dng c th ng thi s dng mt file. gi l trong sut ng thi Nhng ng dng-giao dch i hi truy nhp file mt cch c lp. y l yu cu ti DFS nhm h tr trong sut ng thi ti mc giao dch.

Nhn bn
File trong DFS -c nhn bn cung cp d- tha m bo tnh sn sng v cho php truy nhp ng thi hiu qu DFS vi trong sut nhn bn thc hin cp nht trn cc bn sao v user khng thy s tn ti ca cc bn sao

2.2 Thit k h thng file phn tn

Vn duy nht trong thit k v trin khai DFS
Chia x file Nhn bn file

2.2.1 File v h thng qun l file

Tn file Thuc tnh file D liu

File -c to ra gn vi tn t-ng tr-ng Khi truy cp file, tn file -c nh x ti s hiu file duy nht (ufid hoc th file), cho php nh v -c file vt l Chc nng ca h thng qun l file Cc thuc tnh file
Ch nhn, kiu, kch th-c, tem thi gian v quyn truy nhp file

2.2.1 File v h thng qun l file

Ph-ng thc truy nhp file
Truy nhp tun t: mi file m, h thng duy tr mt con tr nh v file nhm nh v tr ca n v d liu tip theo s -c truy cp Truy nhp trc tip: Mi thao tc c/ghi cha thng tin a ch y v c lp vi thao tc c/ghi khc Truy nhp tun t s hiu (ch s k tip): Cc n v d liu -c a ch trc tip bng s hiu (kho) gn vi mi khi d liu

T chc file theo kiu dy

2.2.1 File v h thng qun l file

H thng file t chc v cung cp dch v truy nhp v bo v cho tp hp file. Bn thnh phn dch v chc nng chnh:
Th- mc, xc thc, file v h thng

2.2.1 File v h thng qun l file (tt)

T chc file d liu trong h thng file c th l dy hoc phn cp Thng th-ng d-i dng phn cp, t chc theo nhiu mc Th- mc
File -c t tn Truy nhp file theo -ng dn

2.2.1 File v h thng qun l file (tt)

M hnh trin khai DFS
Client/Server Thnh phn cung cp cc dch v th- mc, xc thc, file v h thng

2.2.3 nh x File v cung cp dch v

nh x file l khi nim ch ph-ng thc h thng file cung cp dch v t file server v thit b l-u gi khc nhau gn mt h thng file c tn t xa ti h thng file phn cp ti mt im -c nh v bng mt tn -ng dn

2.2.3 nh x File v cung cp dch v

nh x h thng file l thao tc c quyn v -c thi hnh theo ba th hin khc nhau:
(1) Gn hin: li gi gn kt r rng mi khi cn (2) Gn khi ng: gn kt -c thc hin ti thi im khi ng my khch (3) Gn t ng: gn kt -c thc hin t ng hon ton theo yu cu trong ln u tin file m

Khi chia s file? nh x file l cch thun tin t -c tnh trong sut nh v truy nhp file

2.2.4 DFS c trng thi v khng trng thi

Phin thao tc file ging nh- kt ni thc hin hi/p gia client v file server Kt ni v bn cht l yu cu thit lp v kt thc mt phin truyn thng Trng thi ca phin
-Cc file -c m -c t file v th file -Con tr nh v file hin thi -Thng tin nh x -Tnh trng kha -Kha phin -Cache hoc buffer.

2.2.4 DFS c trng thi v khng trng thi

V l do g v khi no thng tin trng thi l cn n?

Chn thnh cm n!