Vai tr ca cc cht ph gia trong qu trnh lu ha cao su Ngun: vinachem.com.

vn Mi nm ngnh cng nghip cao su trn th gii tiu th khong 2 n 2,5 triu tn cht n c 0 nghn tn l cc khong cng nghip (ch yu l mui than en). Ngi ta trn cao su nguyn liu (cht n hi - elastomer, polyme v nh hnh) vi cc thn compound), sau em lu ha to thnh cao su. V c tnh n hi nn sn phm cao su c tr li vi dng gc m khng b bin dng. Ngoi ra, cao su cn lm trit tiu nng lng do hoc tnh. Cao su cn c kh nng chu mi mn cao hn thp, khng thm nc v khng kh, kh ha hc. Cc cht n hi thng mi gm c polyisopren (hoc cao su t nhin - CSTN), mt s loi cao isopren tng hp, cao su polybutaien, cao su styren-propylen, cao su etylenpropylenien , cao su butyl, cao su do nhit v cao su nitryl). CSTN l m cy cao su qua ch bin. Do vy, cao su th nguyn cht c tnh cht vt l thay y ha bi cc cht oxy ha, thm ch vi c khng kh. Cao su tng hp c sn xut bng qu trnh ngng t hoc trng hp (polyme ha) mt s hyr hp thng mi ch yu gm c cao su neopren, buna, butyl v cc loi cao su c bit khc. Hu ht cc loi cao su u phi tri qua qu trnh lu ha thay i cu trc v n nh n qu trnh lu ha thun li, cc ha cht gm c cht lu ha, cht xc tc v cht xc ti ht ph gia khc nh cht do ha, cht chng oxy ha, cht chng ozon ha, cc cht to mu Cht xc tc v cht hot ha Lu hunh (S) l cht lu ha (to lin kt ngang) chm. Khi tng dn lng S th cng cn th gim bn lin kt. Tuy nhin, mt s cht hu c nh alinin v thiocarbanilit lm gim th bin oxy ha ca cao su trong qu trnh lu ha, v vy ci thin c cc tnh cht ca cao Ban u, cht xc tc lu ha l cc oxit kim loi (nh bt ch trng v vi), sau ng thiazol, ithiocarbamat, xantat v thiuram. Trong cc loi ny, cht xc tc loi guaniin c nht, ng thi bt u qu trnh chy sm cng chm. Nhn chung, khi dng cc cht xc tc hu c li i hi phi dng cht hot ha (xc tin) g tc lu ha, gim nhit lu ha v ci thin cc tnh cht c hc ca cao su lu ha. ha hiu qu v n gim lin kt ngang ca S, ng thi kch thch hnh thnh cc lin kt Cha. Cc loi km oxit siu mn c s dng phi c hm lng ti thiu 99,5% ZnO v c x trnh lu ha S, km oxit cn hot ng nh mt cht to lin kt ngang i vi polyme cha c (nh cao su clopren, cao su brombutyl, cao su clobutyl, hoc cao su nitril carboxyl ha v cao su styren - butadien cacboxyl ha). Mt s hp cht khc c s dng nh cht hot ha trong lu ha cao su l: - Magi oxit (MgO) c dng ch yu vi cc elastomer loi neopren. - Ch oxit (PbO) t ph bin nhng vn c s dng cng vi thiazol, ithiocarbamat, hoc c sunfua. - Cc axit bo, v d, axit stearic, axit oleic v ibutyl amoni oliat c s dng (di dn phn tn ca km oxit. Cht hm lu ha/ cht lm chm qu trnh chy sm Cc cht hm lu ha hoc cht lm chm qu trnh chy sm c s dng ngn chn cc qu hng sm (nh MgO, axit salixylic, axit benzoic, axit axetylsalixylic, anhyrit phtalic, N-nitroso-iphenylamin hoc axit stearic) nng 0,2-1% s ko dn thi gian bt u chy gim tc ca qu trnh lu ha. Cc cht ny c bit c ch nh dng khi cc cht xc g qu trnh trn v cn luyn. V mt ha hc, magi oxit nung kim tnh c chc nng v hot tnh nh mt cht nhn axit, c vi cc loi cao su v elastomer. Cht n, cht hm chy v cht to mu Cht n gia cng lm tng cng ca hp phn khng lu ha v ci thin cc tnh cht ca g rch, v lm tng cng ca cao su. Cht n gia cng c kh nng thay i mnh nht lng n, trong khi cht n khng hot tnh nh canxi cacbonat nghin (GCC) v kaolanh khn hm ch cn lm gim bt tnh cht c l ca cao su lu ha. Hin nay, c hai loi cht n gia cng thng mi ch yu l mui than v silic oxit. Mui tc ha hc b mt mng c trng hu c vi elastomer. Ngc li, silic oxit l cht c tn omer, v vy v mt ha hoc, cht n silic oxit c th c x l vi hp cht silan thnh cao su. Cc cht n ny c sn vi c ht s c Cc cht n khong tr ch yu c s dng trong ngnh cng nghip cao su l bt , bt nh oi khong khc nh iatomit, felspat, nephelin xienit, thch cao, pyrophylit, zeolit, v.v.. . Ngi ta cn dng mt s cht n trong x l cao su vi tc dng lm cht hm chy, cht ch

rihyrat (ATH), km borat, antimoni oxit, v.v...). Mt s khong v ha cht c b sung vo t hp phi liu cao su (khng cha mui than) , st oxit, km oxit, litopon v mt s thuc nhum hu c. Titan ioxit c xem l cht to hc v gip cao su chng li thoi bin ca tia UV cao, gip sn phm cao su bn mu.