HNG DAN S DUNG MAY HIEN SONG (OSCILLOSCOPE) May hien song (Oscilloscope) la mot dung cu o trc quan

tr lc hu ch cho anh em sa cha nghien cu ien t, ien thoai, may hien song co kha nang hien th cac dang tn hieu, xung len man hnh mot cach trc quan ma ong ho khong the hien th c, hn na co nhng khu vc tn hieu ch the hien di dang xung, ong ho o volt khong the phat hien c o co ton tai hay khong ma ch co may hien song mi the hien c, thc te co rat nhieu loai may hien song: - May hien song dung en hnh (CRT: Cathode Ray Tube) loai nay en hnh dung si ot co tim, ien ap ot khoang 6V, loai nay co cau truc kenh cang, thng la cac i may cu, tan so o t vai tram KHz en vai tram MHz. - May hien song dung tinh the long (LCD: Liquid Crystal Display), may co cau truc gon nhe, hien ai, co kha nang giao tiep may tnh va in ra dang song, tan so o khoang vai chuc MHz en vai tram MHz. Hien nay pho bien loai LCD, tuy nhien gia thanh cua may con kha cao.
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I. CONG DUNG CAC NUT CHNH TREN MAY HIEN SONG 1. POWER: Tat m nguon cung cap cho Oscillocope (P.ON/P.OFF). 2. INTENSITY: ieu chnh o sang tia quet. 3. TRACE ROTATION: Chnh vet sang ve v tr nam ngang (khi vet sang b nghieng). 4. FOCUS: ieu chnh o net cua tia sang. 5. COMP. TEST (Component Test): Dung e kiem tra linh kien (tu, ien tr). 6. COMP TEST JACK: Dung e noi mass khi th. 7. GND: Mass cua may noi vi sn may/linh kien. 8. CAL (2VPP): Cung cap dang song vuong chuan 2Vpp, tan so 1KHz dung e kiem tra o chnh xac ve bien o cung nh tan so cua may hien song trc khi s dung, ngoai ra con dung e kiem tra lai s meo do au que o (probe) gay ra. Tuy theo loai may ma tan so va bien o song vuong chuan a ra co the khac nhau. 9. BEAM FIND: An nut nay, vet sang se xuat hien tam man hnh khong b anh hng cua cac num khac, muc ch dung e nh v tia sang.
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 ay, chung toi hng dan s dung loai may hien song hai tia. * IEU CHNH KENH A (CHANNEL A) 10. POSITION: Dung e ieu chnh v tr tia sang cua kenh A theo chieu doc. 11. 1M, 25PF (jack): Jack nay dung e cap tn hieu cho channel (A). No cung la ngo vao hang ngang trong che o hoat ong X-Y. 12. VOLTS/DIV = Volt/divider = ien ap/1 o chia. Chnh tng nac e thay oi o cao cua tn hieu vao thch hp cho viec oc gia tr volt nh nh (Vpp Peak to Peak Voltage) tren man hnh. Gia tr oc tren mot thang o la Vpp/o chia. Th du: Volt/div = 2V o cao 1 o tng ng vi 2Vpp cua tn hieu. 13. VAR PULL X5 MAG: (ong truc vi Volt/div) chnh lien tuc e thay oi o cao cua dang tn hieu trong gii han 1/3 tr so at bi num Volt/div. Khi van toi a theo chieu kim ong ho. o cao dang song se at tr so c at bi Volt/div. Neu keo num VAR th chieu cao dang tn hieu se ln gap 5 lan gia tr oc, luc nay tr so thc la tr so hien th chia 5. 14. AC-DC-GND: Chon che o quan sat tn hieu.
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+ AC: Quan sat dang song ma khong can quan tam thanh phan DC. + DC: Dung e o mc DC cua tn hieu. Bat ve v tr nay, dang song khong xuat hien, ch xuat hien ng sang nam ngang cua thanh phan DC. + GND: Ngo vao tn hieu noi mass khong hien th c dang tn hieu tren man hnh. * IEU CHNH KENH CH-B (CHANNEL B) oi vi cac num sau, cach ieu chnh tng t kenh A: 15. POSITION 16. 1MHz 25PF 17. Volt/ Div 18. VAR Pull x5 mag 19. AC-GND-DC * CAC NUM IEU CHNH CHUNG CHO CA HAI KENH 20. VERT MODE: Khoa ien nay co 4 v tr + CHA: Ch hien th kenh A. + CHB: Ch hien th kenh B. + DUAL: Hien th cho ca A va B. + ADD: Cong hai dang song kenh A va kenh B lai vi nhau (ve bien o) e cho ra dang song tong.

21. TRIGGER LEVEL: Cho phep hien th mot o chia tn hieu ong bo vi iem bat au cua dang song (chnh sai, hnh b troi ngang). 22. COUPLING: at che o kch khi trong cac trng hp sau: + Auto: Mach quet ngang t ong quet, che o nay ch cho (phep) kch khi cac tn hieu ln hn 100Hz. oi vi cac tn hieu nho hn 100Hz. oi vi cac tn hieu nho hn 100MHz hay at che o normal. + Normal: Che o kch khi bnh thng. che o nay khi mat tn hieu kch khi mach quet ngang ngng hoat ong tc mat vet sang tren man hnh. + TV-V: Loai bo thanh phan DC va xung ong bo tan so cao cua tn hieu hon hp hnh anh. Tan so kch khi nho hn 1KHz. + TV-H: Loai bo thanh phan DC va xung ong bo tan so thap cua tn hieu hon hp hnh anh. Dai tan hoat ong t: 1KHz 100KHz. 23. SOURCE: Chon nguon tn hieu kch khi, neu chon sai, hnh se b troi. + CHA: Tn hieu kenh A. + CHB: Tn hieu kenh B. + LINE: Tan so ien nha AC.
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+ EXT: Tn hieu c cung cap t Jack EXT TRIGGER. + EXT EXTENAL: Ben ngoai. 24. HOLD OFF S dung nut ieu chnh nay trong trng hp dang song c tao thanh t cac tn hieu lap i lap lai va num TRIGGER LEVEL khong u e at c dang song on nh. 25. PULL CHOP: che o nay hai kenh A, B c hien th luan phien xuat hien vi tan so kha cao lam cho ta cam thay dang song la lien tuc, che o nay thch hp vi viec quan sat hai tn hieu co tan so kha cao (> 1ms/div). 26. EXT TRIGGER: Jack noi vi nguon tn hieu ben ngoai dung e tao kch khi cho mach quet ngang. e s dung ngo nay ban phai at nut SOURCE ve v tr EXT. 27. POSITION: Chnh v tr ngang cua tia sang tren man hnh, no cung chnh v tr X (ngang) trong che o X-Y. PULL X10 MAG: Khi keo ra be ngang cua tia sang c ni rong gap 10 lan. 28. TIME/DIV = Time/divider = thi gian quet / o chia.

nh thi gian quet tia sang tren mot o chia. Khi o tn hieu co tan so cang cao phai at gia tr Time/div ve gia tr cang nho. Khi at gia tr Time/div ve v tr cang nho be rong cua tn hieu cang rong ra do o neu at Time/div ve v tr cang nho (vt qua gia tr cho phep) th tn hieu hien th tren man hnh se bien thanh lan sang nam ngang (v vt qua be rong man hnh). 29. VAR: Chnh be rong cua tn hieu hien th tren man hnh. Th du: Khi hien th xung vuong co tan so 1KHz. Chu ky cua tn hieu la: T =
1 f 1 1000

ms

- Neu at Time/div = 0.5m/s So o theo chieu ngang cua 1T (chu ky) la: So o =
T Time/div 1 0.5

= 2 o

- Neu at Time/div = 1ms So o theo chieu ngang cua 1 chu ky la 1 o

- Neu at Time/div = 1s (qua nho)

 Ket luan: Phai at gia tr Time/div ve v tr thch hp. II. MOT SO NG DUNG CUA MAY HIEN SONG 1. o ien ap nh nh (Peak to Peak Voltage) - ien ap nh nh cua tn hieu (Vpp) la ien ap c tnh t nh di en nh tren cua tn hieu. Th du:

Th t tnh Vpp tren may hien song: a. oc gia tr Vol/div b. oc so o theo chieu doc c. Vpp = so o theo chieu doc Vol/Div Th du: a/ Tnh ien ap nh nh (Vpp) cua dang song sau, gia s ta ang at v tr Volt/div = 50mv.

Theo hng dan tren ta de dang tnh c:

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Vpp = 3 o x 50mv = 150mV Th du: b/ Tnh Vpp cua dang song sau, biet v tr Volt/div cua may hien song ang c at v tr: 0.5V.

Theo hng dan tren ta de dang tnh c: Vpp = 4 x 0.5V = 2V 2. Tnh chu ky (T) va tan so (f) cua tn hieu Th t e tnh chu ky, tan so cua tn hieu Bc 1. oc so Time/div. Bc 2. em so o theo chieu ngang 1 chu ky. Bc 3. Chu ky cua tn hieu: T = so o/1T Time/div. T = s f = Hz 1 T Bc 4. Tan so cua tn hieu f = neu T = ms f = KHz T = s f = Hz

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Th du: Khi o tren may hien song, tn hieu co dang song nh hnh di ay, v tr Time/div ang bat la 5ms, tnh chu ky, tan so cua tn hieu.

Biet Time/div = 5ms T = 4 5 = 20ms f=

1 T 1 20

KHz = 50Hz

Neu so o cua mot chu ky la so le, so o/1 chu ky c em se khong chnh xac, do o ta phai em chu ky tng ng vi so o chan, sau o lay so chu ky chia cho so o e biet c so o trong mot chu ky. Th du:

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- Biet Time/div = 2s Ta co 5o 2 chu ky Do o: - So o/T = 5/2o - Chu ky T = time/div)

1 5 2

2s = 5s (so o/1T

T 5 - Tan so cua tn hieu se la: f = MHz = 200KHz

Bai tap: Tnh chu ky, tan so cac tn hieu sau: a/

Biet Time/div = 0.5ms b/

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Biet Time/div = 50s 3. Tnh ien ap DC cua tn hieu: Th t thc hien tnh ien ap DC cua tn hieu Chnh tia sang nam tam man hnh. - Khi o ien ap DC tia sang b dch chuyen theo chieu doc. - ien ap DC: VDC = so o dch chuyen volt/div. Th du:

Biet Vol/div = 5V/o VDC = 2 5 = 10 V ien ap DC cua tn hieu la 10VDC 4. o o lech pha gia hai tn hieu: - Bat may ve che o hien th 2 kenh. - o lech pha cua tn hieu: + Tnh so o tren mot chu ky (n)
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+ Tnh so o0 lech nhau gia 2 chu ky (m) 360 m n + o lech pha: Th du:

Time/div = 0.5ms, m = 1, n = 4 = 900

3600 1 4

lech

pha:

III. PHNG PHAP CHUAN LAI MAY HIEN SONG * Thc te may hien song thng chnh sai, ket qua o b sai. Trc khi s dung ta phai chuan lai may e ket qua oc c at o tin cay can thiet. * Phng phap: Dung ngo ra chuan (cal). V du tren may Pintek la 2Vpp-1KHz. - Chnh o cao: Bat volt/div = 0.5V, van num Pull x 5Mag (ong truc vi num volt/div) sao
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cho be cao cua tn hieu la 4 o (do Vpp = 2V so o theo chieu cao =

2Vpp 0.5

= 4o?

- Chnh o rong: Bat Time/div = 0.5ms Xoay num var sao cho be rong cua mot chu ky tn hieu la 2 o. (So o cua mot chu ky =
2o 0.5

= 4)

Kinh nghiem: Vi mot may hien song tot, nut VAR va PULL x 5Mag thng c chnh theo chieu kim ong ho ve v tr toi a la co the s dung chnh xac.

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