B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

Mc lc li ni u ........................................................................................................................... 2 Chng I ................................................................................................................................ 3 tng quan v thng tin v tinh............................................................................ 3 1.1. Gii thiu ....................................................................................................................3 1.1.1. Lch s pht trin ca thng tin v tinh ..............................................................3 1.1.2. Cu trc tng th ca mt ng thng tin v tinh ............................................3 1.2. Cc dng qu o ca v tinh...................................................................................5 1.2.1. Cc dng qu o ca v tinh ..............................................................................5 1.2.2. Cc thng s chnh ca v tinh a tnh..............................................................7 1.3. Nhng vn chung ca thng tin v tinh ..............................................................9 1.3.1. Cc phng php a truy nhp v tinh ...............................................................9 1.3.2. Cc bng tn cho thng tin v tinh....................................................................13 Chng II............................................................................................................................. 17 Tng quan d n v tinh vin thng vinasat............................................. 17 2.1. Cc thng s chnh ca v tinh Vinasat .................................................................18 2.1.1. Cc thng s k thut chnh ca v tinh VINASAT .........................................18 2.1.2. Cc gii hn khai thc ca v tinh Vinasat.......................................................19 2.2. Cc s phn knh ca v tinh Vinasat ..............................................................20 2.3. Vng ph sng v tinh Vinasat...............................................................................22 Chng III ........................................................................................................................... 22 tng quan v d n thnh phn vinasat ....................................................... 22 ca b quc phng....................................................................................................... 22 3.1. Mc tiu ca D n..................................................................................................22 3.2. Quy m d n ...........................................................................................................22 3.3. a im trin khai ..................................................................................................23 3.4. Gii php cho h thng thng tin v tinh qun s ................................................23 3.4.1. La chn s dng bng tn ca Vinasat...........................................................23 3.4.2. La chn cng ngh chuyn mch gi IP.........................................................24 3.4.3. La chn cng ngh a truy nhp v tinh.........................................................27 3.5. Tng quan h thng thng tin v tinh qun s .....................................................29 3.5.1. Cu trc h thng...............................................................................................29 3.5.1. Cc dch v ca h thng thng tin v tinh qun s ........................................31 3.5.2. Cu trc tng quan trm HUB ..........................................................................32 3.5.2. Cu trc tng quan trm VSAT.........................................................................34 3.6. Bo mt h thng thng tin v tinh qun s..........................................................37 3.6.1. Cc nguy c nh hng an ninh thng tin .......................................................37 3.6.2. Bo mt giao din v tinh...................................................................................38 3.6.2. Bo mt thng tin u cui s liu IP ...............................................................39 3.6.2. Bo mt thng tin thoi u cui - u cui: ...................................................40 Chng IV ........................................................................................................................... 42 d kin trin khai ........................................................................................................ 42 d n thnh phn vinasat ca b quc phng .......................................... 42 4.1. Cng tc chun b: ...................................................................................................42 4.2. Cc giai on ca d n: .........................................................................................42 4.3. Trch nhim ca cc n v tham gia trin khai d n: ......................................42

Tng quan D n Thng tin v tinh

B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

li ni u
Thng tin v tinh ch mi xut hin trong hn bn thp k qua nhng pht trin rt nhanh chng trn th gii cng nh trong nc ta, m ra mt thi k mi cho s pht trin trong mi lnh vc khoa hc cng nh i sng ni chung v c bit ngnh vin thng ni ring. Thng tin v tinh c ng dng trong qun i ta bt u t nm 1998 vi 4 trm VSAT ca Qun chng Hi qun v nm 2000 c thm 5 trm cho khu vc Ty Bc thuc qk2. Thng tin v tinh c u im ni bt l vng ph sng rt rng, trin khai lp t nhanh v kh nng cung cp dch v a dng cho ngi dng. N l phng tin thng tin hu hiu nht kt ni thng tin lin lc vi cc vng xa xi, bin gii, hi o ni m mng thng tin c nh khng th vi ti c, ng thi thng tin v tinh nh u im trin khai lp t v thit lp lin lc nhanh s l phng tin lin lc c ng gip ng cu kp thi trong cc tnh hung khn cp. D n thnh phn B Quc phng thuc D n phng v tinh vin thng Vit Nam - VINASAT chnh l xy dng mt h thng thng tin v tinh s dng cho mc ch quc phng. Sau khi hon thnh h thng thng tin v tinh s l mt thnh phn trong h thng thng tin qun s, kt hp vi mng thng tin sn bo m thng tin lin lc vng chc phc v cho nhim v xy dng v bo v t quc Vit Nam XHCN. Ti liu ny c vit ra phc v Tp hun cho cn b thng tin ton qun, nhm gip cho cn b ch huy thng tin cc cp hiu bit tng quan v thng tin v tinh v D n thnh phn BQP thuc D n VINASAT, trn c s c th tm hiu nghin cu su hn v ch ng trong vic tham gia trin khai d n, pht huy hiu qu ca d n trong nhim v bo m thng tin lin lc ca n v mnh. Ti liu da trn cc t liu thu thp c t gio trnh ca Hc vin BCVT v tham kho cc ti liu ca nc ngoi trong qu trnh chun b d n, bc u s khng trnh khi thiu st, knh mong cc ng ch tham gia ng gp chng ti rt kinh nghim v hon thin hn. H ni, Ngy 10 thng 1 nm 2008

Tng quan D n Thng tin v tinh

B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

Chng I tng quan v thng tin v tinh

1.1. Gii thiu 1.1.1. Lch s pht trin ca thng tin v tinh
tng v mt h thng thng tin ton cu s dng v tinh bay xung quanh qu t c nh bc hc Arthur C. Clarke gii thiu trong mt tp ch Anh Wireless world (th gii khng giy) vo thng 5 nm 1945. Thng 10 nm 1957 Lin x phng thnh cng v tin nhn to u tin trn th gii m ra mt k nguyn chinh phc v tr ca con ngi, ng thi cng l ln u tin thng tin gia tri t v v tr c thc hin. Nm 1958 bn tin chc mng Ging sinh ca tng thng M Eisenhower ln u tin c pht i qua v tinh c tn l Score bay cao 1500 km. Nhng nm sau t nm 1960 n 1962 mt lot cc v tinh khi u c tn Echo, Curier, Telstar v Relay c phng ln qu o c cao thp (khong 1000 km n 8000 km), do hn ch bi tn la phng. Nm 1963 mt v tinh a tnh u tin c tn l Syncom, c cao bay 36.000 km truyn hnh trc tip th vn hi Olympic Tokyo t Nht v M. Nm 1965 v tinh Molniya ca lin x c phng ln qu o elip nghing 65o so vi mt phng xch o. Thng 7 nm 1964 mt t chc quc t v thng tin v tinh ra i, ban u c 11 nc thnh vin, gi tt l Intelsat (Internation Telecommucations Satellite). Cc nc tham gia vo t chc ny tng ln nhanh chng, 30 nm sau thng 8 nm 1994 s nc thnh vin tham gia t chc Intelsat l 133, trong c Vit Nam.

1.1.2. Cu trc tng th ca mt ng thng tin v tinh

Mun thit lp mt ng thng tin v tinh, trc ht phi phng mt v tinh ln qu o v c kh nng thu pht sng v tuyn in. V tinh c th l v tinh th ng, ch phn x sng v tuyn mt cch th ng m khng khuch i v bin i tn s. Hu ht cc v tinh thng tin hin nay l v tinh tch cc. V tinh s thu tn hiu t mt trm mt t, (SES: Satellite Earth Station) bin i, khuch i

Tng quan D n Thng tin v tinh

B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

v pht li n mt hoc nhiu trm mt t khc. Hnh 1.1 ch ra mt ng thng tin qua v tinh gia hai trm mt t Tn hiu t mt trm mt t n v tinh, gi l ng ln (uplink) v tn hiu t v tinh tr v mt trm mt t khc, ng xung (dowlink). Thit b thng tin trn v tinh bao gm mt s b pht p s khuch i tn hiu cc bng tn no ln mt cng sut ln v pht tr v mt t

ng

V tinh

ng xu n g

My pht Trm mt t pht

My thu Trm mt t thu Hnh 1.1. S ng thng tin v tinh

1.1.3. Cc c im ca thng tin v tinh

Thng tin v tinh l mt trong nhng h thng truyn dn v tuyn, s dng v tinh chuyn tip tn hiu n cc trm trn mt t. V trm chuyn tip v tinh c cao rt ln nn thng tin v tinh c nhng u im so vi cc h thng vin thng khc l: 1) Gi thnh thng tin v tinh khng ph thuc vo c ly gia hai trm. Gi thnh nh nhau khi truyn c ly 5000 km v 100 km 2) C kh nng thng tin qung b cng nh thng tin im ni im. Mt v tinh c th ph sng cho mt vng rng ln trn mt t (v tinh a tnh bp sng ton cu c vng ph sng chim 1/3 b mt qu t), nh vy mt trm mt t c th thng tin vi nhiu trm mt t khc trong vng ph sng . Nu c 3 v tinh a tnh phng ln ba v tr thch hp th s ph sng ton cu do cc dch v thng tin ton cu s c thc hin. 3) C kh nng bng rng. Cc b lp trn v tinh thng l ccthit b c bng tn rng, c th thc hin nhiu loi dch v thng tin bng rng cng nh cc dch v khc. rng bng tn ca mi b lp (repeater) c th ln n hng chc megahertz. Mi b lp c th c s dng cho hai trm mt t trong vng ph sng ca v tinh. Cc h thng thng tin trn mt t thng gii hn c ly gn

Tng quan D n thng tin v tinh

B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

(v d nh truyn hnh ni ht) hoc cho cc trung k dung lng nh gia cc th trng chnh 4) t chu nh hng bi a hnh ca mt t. Do cao bay ln nn thng tin v tinh khng b nh hng bi a hnh thin nhin nh i ni, thnh ph, sa mc, i dng. Sng v tuyn chuyn tip qua v tinh c th truyn ti cc vng xa xi ho lnh, hi o. Bi vy thng tin v tinh l phng tin thng tin tt nht cho cc vng nng thn v cc vng cha pht trin. Thng tin v tin c th cung cp cc loi dch v ph thng cho c thnh ph, nng thn cng nh min ni v hi o (v d truyn hnh, in thoi dung lng nh). Thng tin v tinh y nhanh s pht trin nn cng nghip v cc phng tin x l s liu nng thn. Thng tin v tinh l loi hnh dch v vin thng c th phc v cho c vng pht trin v cha pht trin 5) Dch v thng tin v tinh c bng tn rng v c th truyn ti bt k ni no trn th gii a n vic tm ra cc th trng mi cng nh m rng cc th trng dch v h tng v cc ng thng tin c s dng trn mt t. Nh v tinh y nhanh s pht trin ca cc mng truyn hnh c bit v d nh truyn hnh cp, truyn hnh tr tin (pay TV), cc nhm ngn ng v dn tc (ethnic and language), cc nhm tn gio, th thao v cc tin tc v s sum hp 6) Cc dch v mi. Do nhng kh nng c bit ca thng tin v tinh nn a vo cc khi nim mi cho lnh vc vin thng. Trc khi c thng tinv tinh (trc nm 1958), hu ht cc dch v vin thng quc t u s dng sng ngn phn x tng in ly. Thng tin ny khng p ng c cc yu cu do cht lng xu, dung lng lp, bng tn hp, ngay c khi cng ngh ca loi hnh vin thng ny t ti mc gii hn. Mt v d trong trng hp cp cu, Inmarsat l mt dch v v tinh mi, n cung cp ting, s liu v hnh nh tc thp di ng cho tu, thuyn, my bay qua v tinh 7) Cc dch v c nhn ca khch hng. Cc trm mt t nh vi anten kch thc b c th truy nhp n cc c s d liu, cc c quan b v cc h thng qun l thng tin. Cc trm ny c cc thit b u cui kch thc rt nh, gi l VSAT (very small aperture terminals). Cc u cui ny thng c t ti nh ca khch hng hay cc khu vc c cc yu cu dch v ph thng vi dung lng nh

1.2. Cc dng qu o ca v tinh 1.2.1. Cc dng qu o ca v tinh

C hai dng qu o l qu o lp v qu o trn

Tng quan D n Thng tin v tinh

B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

Qu o lp ch c mt dng qu o lp cao (HEO) m in hnh l v tinh Molniya ca Lin x (nn cn gi l qu o Molniya), nghing ca mt phng qu o so vi mt phng xch o l 65o, cn im l 1000 km v vin im l 39.400 km, chuk qu o l 11gi58ph. Dng qu o trn c th c ba loi: qu o thp (LEO), qu o trung bnh (MEO), qu o cao (HEO) hay qu o ng b khi v tinh bay cao 35.786 km, lc chu k bay ca v tinh bng chu k t quay ca qu t bng 23gi56ph04s. Trong qu o trn li c th chia ra: Qu o cc trn, mt phng qu o vung gc vi mt phng xch o, ngha l mi vng bay ca v tinh s i qua hai cc qu t Qu o trn nghing khi mt phng qu o nghing mt gc no so vi mt phng xch o Qu o xch o trn, khi mt phng qu o trng vi mt phng xch o. Trong qu o xch o trn nu chiu bay v tinh cng chiu vi chiu quay qu t v c chu k bng chu k quay ca qu t gi l qu o a tnh (GEO)

Qu o cc trn

Qu o lp nghing

Qu o xch o trn

Hnh 1.10: Ba dng qu o c bn ca v tinh

Tng quan D n thng tin v tinh

B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

C th tm tt cc dng qu o ca v tinh bng s di y.

Qu o lp Qu o cc v nghing Qu o thp (LEO) Qu o trung bnh (MEO)

Qu o trn

Cc h thng qu o lp cao (HEO)

Qu o Xch o Qu o ng b v qu o a tnh (GEO)

Vng ph sng t v trung bnh n v cao vi mt t v tinh

Vng ph sng rng ton cu nhng yu cu phi c nhiu v tinh

Ph sng ton cu vi ba v tinh

T cc dng qu o nu trn th v tinh a tnh l v tinh s dng cho thng tin l l tng nht v n ng yn khi quan st t mt vi tr c nh trn mt t. Ngha l thng tin s c bo m lin tc, n nh trong 24 gi i vi cc trm nm trong vng ph sng ca v tinh m khng cn chuyn sang mt v tinh khc. Bi vy hu ht cc h thng thng tin v tinh c nh u s dng v tinh a tnh.

1.2.2. Cc thng s chnh ca v tinh a tnh

c mt v tinh a tnh phi c cc iu kin: -V tinh phi c chu k bay bng chu k t quay xung quanh trc ca qu t, chu k theo gi thin vn l 23 gi 56 ph 04,1 s hoc 1436 pht. -Mt phng qu o v tinh trng vi mt phng xch o, ngha l v tinh phi bay qu o xch o trn v bay cng chiu quay ca qu t Vi qu o a tnh v tinh c cc c im sau: - Bn knh bay ca qu o l r = 42.164 km. - cao bay l h = 42.164 km - 6378 km = 35.786 km. - Gc nhn t v tinh xung qu t, l gc hp bi hai ng thng ni t tm v tinh v tip tuyn vi mt t ti mt im, nh trn hnh 1.11. = 81o3

Tng quan D n Thng tin v tinh

B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

- V tinh a tnh ch nhn thy cc v 81o3 Bc v Nam, vi gc ngng bng 0o. Nh vy cc v cao hn 81o3 Bc v Nam l khng nhn thy v tinh a tnh, c ngha l cc vng cc khng th thng tin qua v tinh a tnh. - Vng nhn thy ca v tinh ln mt t ca mt v tinh a tnh s l khong 45% din tch b mt qu t. Trong thc t khi thng tin vi v tinh yu cu gc ngng ca trm mt t phi ln hn 0o, thng 5o cho nn vng thc t c th thng tin qua mt v tinh a tnh l nh hn 45% din tch qu t. Bi vy phi c t nht ba v tinh a tnh mi ph sng ton cu, trong s c nhng vng hai v tinh ph sng chng ln ln nhau, c ngha l cc a im c th ng thi thng tin vi hai v tinh, cn cc vng cc c v khong 80o tr ln khng thng tin c qua v tinh a tnh, nh ch ra trn hnh 1.12.
S

2 r S A 2 O B

Hnh 1.11: Gc nhn t v tinh a tnh

- C ly xa nht t v tinh n im nhn thy trn mt t l 41.679 km, tng ng vi gc ngng bng 0o, c ly ngn nht khi gc ngng l 90o bng cao bay ca v tinh l 35.786 km Thi gian tr truyn sng t mt trm mt t n v tinh bng: t = s/c, trong s l c ly t trm mt t n v tinh, c l vn tc nh sng = 299.792 km/s. Khi s ln nht thi gian tr l t = 41.679/299.792 = o,139 s, thi gian tr ngn nht bng 35.786/299.792 = 0,119 s. Khi truyn tn hiu thoi, thi gian tr s gy nh hng ti cuc m thoi hai chiu. Khi mt ngi hi v mt ngi tr li tn hiu khi quay tr v ngi hi s phi i mt on ng bng bn ln s, tng s thi gian tr tng ln 4 ln, ngha l khong t 0,447 s n 0,556 s. Thi gian tr cng gy ra hin tng hi m, bi vy phi c thit b c bit kh hi m

Tng quan D n thng tin v tinh

B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

Ch cn 3 v tinh a tnh c th ph sng ton cu nh ch ra trn hnh 1.12. Cc thng s hnh hc c ch ra trn hnh 1.13

Hnh 1.12: V tr 3 v tinh a tnh ph sng ton cu

Trm mt t Re Tm qu t E S V tinh

Hnh 1.13: Cc thng s hnh hc gia trm mt t v v tinh

1.3. Nhng vn chung ca thng tin v tinh 1.3.1. Cc phng php a truy nhp v tinh
Thng tin v tinh l h thng thng tin v tuyn im n a im, ngha l mt v tinh c th thng tin vi nhiu trm mt t, v vy phi s dng phng php a truy nhp.

Hin nay c 3 k thut a truy nhp v tinh ca cc trm mt t c ng dng rng ri l: - a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s - FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Acces), Tng quan D n Thng tin v tinh
9

B T lnh Thng tin lin lc - a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian - TDMA (Time Division Multiple Acces) v - a truy nhp phn chia theo m CDMA (Code Division Multiple Acces). Da trn cc k thut c bn ny, c th to mt h thng mng ln t nhiu h thng mng con bng cch phn nh mi mng con lm vic trn mt on bng tn v tinh ring r v c c cc k thut a truy nhp ghp hn hp khc nh: - a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian / a tn s - MF/TDMA (Multiple Frequency) - a truy nhp phn chia theo m / a tn s - MF/CDMA - a truy nhp phn chia theo pha m CPDMA (Code Phase Division Multiple Acces) - a truy nhp phn chia theo pha m / a tn s MF/CPDMA c im cc k thut a truy nhp v tinh: a. FDMA FDMA l k thut a truy nhp v tinh truyn thng v c s dng rng ri t lu. Trong FDMA, mi kt ni sng mang gia cc trm mt t qua v tinh c cp pht mt tn s khc nhau trn b pht p. rng bng thng cp pht cho mt sng mang c n nh trc tu thuc vo lu lng knh truyn v phng thc iu ch p dng. y l k thut ang c p dng cho nhiu mng TTVT hin c qun i ta. Cc sng mang c th l SCPC (n knh trn mt sng mang) hoc MCPC (a knh trn mt sng mang) hoc l IDR (Sng mang iu ch s). Mt trm u cui mt t c nhiu loi knh dch v nh: thoi, s liu,... c ghp li thnh lung duy nht theo phng thc FDM (Ghp knh phn chia theo tn s) hoc TDM (Ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian). Phng thc iu ch sng mang ph bin thng dng l QPSK v m sa li trc (FEC) RSV (Reed-Solomon Viterbi). K thut FDMA n gin v cu trc, thit b r tin nhng s lng thit b trm HUB s rt ln nu mng c nhiu trm VSAT cng kt ni. Hiu qu s dng bng thng v tinh khng cao, v mi kt ni sng mang ca FDMA lun lun chim bng thng cho d trm c truyn d liu hay khng. Khi trm khng c lin lc th cc sng mang vn kt ni v chim bng thng v tinh. Gia cc sng mang ln cn cn c khong bo v trnh gy nhiu sang nhau. Vi cc kt ni truyn dn ng trc dung lng ln hoc truyn hnh qung b th k thut ph hp vn c p dng l FDMA. FDMA cn c nhc im l xuyn nhiu iu ch gia cc sng mang ln cn. Ngoi ra cn Tng quan D n thng tin v tinh
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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc c d phng mc li u ra my pht (backoff) khi mt trm pht nhiu sng mang ng thi. b. TDMA Trong k thut TDMA, cc kt ni sng mang ca nhiu trm u cui c thc hin trn cng on bng tn. Trong mt on tn s, mi khi c yu cu truyn tin trm u cui c phn b mt khe thi gian xc nh pht thng tin. Ti mi thi im ch c mt sng mang ca mt trm hot ng, do xuyn nhiu iu ch t v khng yu cu li cng sut (backoff) trn v tinh. Khong thi gian pht thng tin ca mt u cui phi c nh thi chnh xc v khng ln sang trm u cui khc. Do vy cn c s ng b thi gian chnh xc trong h thng. H thng TDMA n gin c cc khe thi gian c n nh c nh. H thng phc tp thng cho php to cc khe thi gian theo yu cu truyn dn ca trm. Mt c im ca TDMA l do truyn dn theo cc khong thi gian ri rc, nn mi ln trm u cui pht thng tin (burst) yu cu tc pht cao hn nhiu so vi dung lng truyn dn thc s ca trm. iu ny dn n yu cu mc cng xut pht x ca trm cao hn so vi dng k thut FDMA c cng dung lng. Trong k thut TDMA, nu mt mng c rt nhiu trm u cui VSAT cng pht v trn mt bng thng duy nht th yu cu nh thi cho mng rt cao, tc pht ca VSAT trn khe (burst) rt ln, dn n gi thnh h thng cao. Do vy bng thng ton mng thng c phn chia thnh nhiu on tn s, mi tn s c s dng cho mt nhm cc VSAT pht v HUB, v ta c k thut gi l a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian / a tn s (MF/TDMA). Trm HUB s kim sot v cp pht khe thi gian v on bng tn lm vic cn trng khi trm VSAT c yu cu truyn tin. iu ny s gip s dng qu bng thng rt hiu qu khi mng c s lng trm rt ln v tng i ng nht. S lng VSAT trong mt khe v rng ca khe tn s thng c tnh ton cn bng gia kch c, gi thnh trm VSAT v hiu sut s dng khe tn s. Nu chia khe nh th yu cu kch c trm khng cao nhng s lng trm pht qua cng khe tn s t khng tit kim bng thng. Ngc li th u t cho trm VSAT s c gi thnh cao nhng s dng bng thng v tinh tit kim hn. MF/TDMA l k thut mi pht trin v tr thnh chun cng ngh mi cho mng VSAT. c. CDMA K thut tri ph c ng dng nhiu trong cc h thng thng tin v tuyn qun s v c a vo thng tin v tinh trong nhng nm gn y. K

Tng quan D n Thng tin v tinh

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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc thut CDMA c ng dng nhiu trong cc h thng thng tin di ng mt t v h thng v tinh tm thp. Trong CDMA, sng mang ca trm VSAT u cui c nhn vi mt b m v tri ph ra trn ton b bng tn s dng chung vi cc trm u cui khc. Mi trm c cp mt m tri ph khc nhau m khng b khi phc li cc trm u cui khc. Ti u thu HUB, tn hiu ca tng trm c tch bng cch s dng/nhn vi b m tri ph tng ng. Vi c ch ny u thu tn hiu mong mun c khi phc li; tn hiu cc knh khc v nhiu tp li b tri ph ra trn ton bng v c mc ngng thp hn tn hiu mong mun. Trong thng tin a tnh, tuyn pht t HUB cho cc trm VSAT CDMA vn p dng phng thc pht trn mt sng mang duy nht cho ton mng. trnh gy nhiu cc v tinh gn k, cn c bng thng rng tri ph cng sut tuyn pht trm VSAT mt t. Nu h thng CDMA c nhiu trm cng truy nhp trn mt bng tn th tng mc tn hiu cc knh khc cng dn cng to ra mc nhiu nn ng k so vi tn hiu c khi phc. Ngoi ra cn c s kim sot v iu khin cng sut pht ca cc trm u cui vn m bo cht lng thng tin nhng khng qu cao c th gy nhiu cho cc trm u cui khc. Do vy p dng CDMA cng hn ch s lng trm cng truy nhp trong mt di tn s v hiu qu s dng bng thng khng cao khi so snh vi k thut TDMA. K thut CDMA c u im l c th ng dng trong cc trm mt t TTVT c ng lin tc vi ng ten rt nh v khng cn bm chnh xc v tinh. Tn hiu pht ca trm c ng c tri ra trn on bng tn ln v c mc cng sut pht ch tng ng mc nhiu nn nn t gy nh hng n cc v tinh ln cn, cho d bp sng ca trm bao trm cc v tinh ny. Hin ti CDMA cha c s dng rng ri trong thng tin v tinh a tnh, khi ny lng bng thng s dng lun hn hp do gn lin vi chi ph thu knh cao. Cng ngh ny mi ch p dng trong cc ng dng c bit yu cu tnh c ng lin tc nh: trn my bay, trn xe kh ti qun s...vi iu kin chp nhn chi ph cao. Cng tng t nh TDMA, mng CDMA c rt nhiu trm VSAT th c th phn chia ton bng thng thnh cc on bng tn cho tng nhm cc trm u cui, v gi l MF/CDMA.

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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

FDMA f

VSAT 1

VSAT 2

VSAT 3

VSAT 4

VSAT 4 VSAT 3

TDMA

VSAT 2 VSAT 1

VSAT 4 VSAT 3 VSAT 2 VSAT 1

CDMA

Hnh 1.14: bng thng sng mang truyn dn theo cc k thut truy nhp FDMA, TDMA, CDMA 1.3.2. Cc bng tn cho thng tin v tinh
Thng tin v tinh l h thng thng tin s dng phng thc truyn dn v tuyn, bi vy vic la chn v n nh bng tn cng tc cho cc dch v thng tin v tinh l rt quan trng. N phi tho mn hai iu kin c bn.

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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

- Khng gy can nhiu ln cc h thng thng tin v tuyn khc cng nh cc dch thng tn v tinh trong mng. - Tn hao truyn sng nh gim nh kch thc v gi thnh ca thit b. Nh chng ta bit kh quyn qu t c chia lm ba tng: lp kh quyn di cng ri t mt t ln cao khong 11 km gi l tng i lu. Cc hin tng thi tit nh ma, bo, sng m... u xy ra trong tng i lu. Tip n l tng bnh lu, c gii hn trn khong 35 km, v trn cng l tng in ly c cao khong t 50 km n 400 km Tng in ly l mt lp kh b ion ho mnh nn mt cht kh ch yu l cc in t t do v cc ion. N c tnh cht hp th v phn x sng v tuyn in. Bng vic kho st thc t ngi ta thy tng in ly ch phn x i vi bng sng ngn tr xung. Tn s cng cao nh hng bi tng in ly cng t, cc tn s trong bng vi ba hu nh khng b nh hng bi tng in ly. Trong tng i lu sng v tuyn in b hp th bi cc phn t kh nh oxy, hi nc (H2O), CO2 v.v...cng nh trong ma v sng m. Nhng cc tn s khong 6 GHz tr xung hp th khng ng k, c th b qua. Khong tn s c gi l ca s v tuyn , nh ch ra trn hnh 1.15 Nu s dng bng tn nm trong ca s v tuyn tc l khong t 1GHz n 10 GHz th suy hao do tng in ly v tng i lu l khng ng k v suy hao truyn sng gn nh bng suy hao khng gian t do.
hp th dB
1000

100

10

hp th do tng in ly
1 0,5 0,2 0,1

ca s
.02 .05 .1 .2 .5 1 2 5 10 20

gc t 15o

50 100 200

Hnh 1.15: S ph thuc hp th kh quyn vo tn s

Nh thy bng tn l tng nht s dng cho thng tin v tinh cng nh cc h thng vi ba khc l bng tn nm trong ca s v tuyn v cc tn s nm

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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

trong ca s v tuyn c suy hao trong kh quyn l nh nht, trong iu kin bnh thng c th b qua. Tuy nhin cc tn s nm trong ca s v tuyn c s dng nhiu cho cc h thng thng tin vi ba trn mt t, hn na bng tn ca thng tin v tinh rt rng nn ngoi cc bng tn nm trong ca s v tuyn c n nh cho thng tin v tinh th phi s dng thm cc bng tn khc. Cc bng tn c quy nh nh ch ra trn bng 1.2 Bng 1.2: Cc bng tn n nh cho thng tin v tinh
khong tn s 1,5 - 1,6 GHz 2,0 - 2,7 3,7 - 7,25 7,25 - 8,4 10,7 - 18 18 - 31 44 GHz k hiu L S C X Ku Ka Q s dng in hnh Dch v thng tin di ng (MSS) Dch v pht thanh, truyn hnh (BSS) Dch v v tinh c nh (FSS) Cc v tinh chuyn dng qun s Dch v v tinh c nh (FSS) Dch v v tinh c nh (FSS) Cc v tinh ni a

Ch : cc ch ci k hiu cho bng tn c la chn trong chin tranh th gii th hai nhm gi b mt tn s ca ra a v nh lc hng k ch, nn n c sp xp khng theo mt logch no c. Trong cc bng tn s dng cho thng tin v tinh ngch nht l bng C, bng Ku v bng Ka l cc bng tn hin ti v tng lai c s dng ph bin nht v: Bng C (6/4 GHz): cho ng ln gn 6 GHz) v ng xung gn 4GHz Bng tn ny nm khong gia ca s v tuyn t b suy hao trong hk quyn qu t cng nh trong cc iu khin kh tng nh ma, sng m... N c s dng cho nhiu h thng thng tin vi ba trn mt t cng nh cho h thng thng tin v tinh ca Intelst v cc h thng khc bao gm cc h thng thng tin khu vc b nhiu h thng v tinh ni a. Bng Ku(14/12 v 14/11 GHz): bng ny c s dng rng ri sau bng C cho vin thng cng cng. Bng Ku s dng thch hp cho thng tin v tinh ni a v thng tin gia cc cng ty. Do tn s cao nn cho php cc trm mt t s dng anten kch thc nh Bng Ka (30/20 GHz): cha c s dng nhiu do suy hao ln trong kh quyn qu t cng nh trong cc iu kin thi tit xu nh ma, sng m...u

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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

im ca bng tn ny l cho php s dng cc trm mt t nh, t b can nhiu cng nh gy can nhiu cho cc h thng vi ba khc. Nhng n c nhc im l gi thnh thit b tng i cao.

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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

Chng II Tng quan d n v tinh vin thng vinasat

Cn c vo ch th ca Chnh ph, t thng 12/1997 BQP cng cc B, Ngnh khc, phi hp vi Tng cc Bu in tin hnh nghin cu tin kh thi d n phng v tinh vin thng u tin ca Vit Nam. Sau mt thi gian di chun b D n Phng v tinh vin thng Vit Nam (Vinasat) c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt u t ti Quyt nh s 1104/Q-TTg ngy 18/10/2005 v Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT) c giao nhim v lm ch u t, thc hin D n. Da trn cc tiu ch: m bo an ton v gim thiu ri ro v tin ; p ng ch tiu k thut, tin cy yu cu, cng ngh hin i, qua tri nghim; c cc iu kin iu khon thng mi cng nh gi c hp l ca d n, sau khi xem xt bn cho cui cng ca cc nh thu, c s chp thun ca Chnh ph, Ban ch o Quc gia D n Vinasat, cc B, Ngnh lin quan, VNPT la chn nh thu Lockheed Martin Commercial Space Systems, tp on sn xut thit b quc phng v cng ngh v tr ln nht ca M l n v trng thu D n phng v tinh vin thng Vit Nam VINASAT. V tinh VINASAT do hng Lockheed Martin (M) sn xut v c phng ln qu o bng tn la y Adrian -5 (Php). V tr qu o l 1320E (132 ng). V tinh c trng lng khong 2,8 tn, tui th hot ng 15 nm. Bng tn hot ng: bng C m rng v bng Ku vi vng ph sng rng ln gm Vit Nam, ng Nam , ng Trung Quc, n , Triu Tin, Nht Bn, c v Hawaii. Theo k hoch, d kin v tinh ny s c phng ln qu o ngy 28/3/2008 v bt u a vo khai thc t thng 5 nm 2008 Trung tm Thng tin V tinh Vinasat do Cng ty VTI thuc tp on Bu chnh vin thng Vit Nam thnh lp s m trch vic qun l, vn hnh, khai thc v kinh doanh dch v trn Vinasat.

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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc 2.1. Cc thng s chnh ca v tinh Vinasat

Kiu v tinh: V tinh a tnh V tr qu o: 132 ng Trng lng phng khong 2600 - 2800 kg Tn la y: Arian-5 ca Php S my pht p: 20 ( 08 my pht p bng C, 12 my pht p bng Ku). Thi gian sng: 15 nm (c th n 20 nm)

2.1.1. Cc thng s k thut chnh ca v tinh VINASAT 1 .Bng tn C (m rng Extended C band) S b php p: 8 ng ln (Uplink) - Di tn: 6.425 6.725 MHz (300 MHz) - Phn cc: tuyn tnh V, H ng xung (Downlink) - Di tn: 3.400 3.700 MHz (300 MHz) - Phn cc: tuyn tnh V, H Tham s chung phc v tnh ton thit k ng truyn - Cng sut bc x ng hng b pht p (EIRP): 40dB - li cng sut u vo b pht p (IBO): -3dB - li cng sut u ra b pht p (OBO): -3dB - Mt thng lng bo ho b pht p (SFD): -85dBW/m2 - H s khuch i trn nhit tp m b pht p (G/T):t -8,3dB/0K n -2dB/0K. Vng ph sng theo gin : - ng ng mc EIRP: 40dBW (trong vng ng Nam ) v 42dBW (vi phn lnh th Vit Nam v ln cn) - ng ng mc G/T: -2dB/0K (trong vng ng Nam ) v 0dB/0K (vi phn lnh th Vit Nam v ln cn) 2. Bng tn Ku S b php p: 12 ng ln (Uplink) - Di tn: 13.750 13.990 MHz (240 MHz); v 14.255 14.495 MHz (240 MHz) Tng quan D n thng tin v tinh
18

B T lnh Thng tin lin lc - Phn cc: Tuyn tnh V ng xung (Downlink) - Di tn: 10.950 11.200 MHz (250 MHz); v 11.450 11.700 MHz (250 MHz) - Phn cc: Tuyn tnh H Tham s chung phc v tnh ton thit k ng truyn - Cng sut bc x ng hng b pht p (EIRP): 54dB - li cng sut u vo b pht p (IBO): -3dB - li cng sut u ra b pht p (OBO): -3dB - Mt thng lng bo ho b pht p (SFD): -90dBW/m2 - H s khuch i trn nhit tp m b pht p (G/T):t +2,0dB/0K n 6dB/0K. Vng ph sng theo gin : - ng ng mc EIRP: 54dBW trong vng lnh th Vit Nam v ln cn - ng ng mc G/T: 7dB/0K vi phn lnh th Vit Nam v ln cn. 2.1.2. Cc gii hn khai thc ca v tinh Vinasat 1. i vi bng tn C m rng - S dng ng ten c gin bc x (antenna pattern) theo khuyn ngh REC S.580-5 ca ITU-R trong quy nh khuch i ng ten ti gc lch trc l 29 - 25 log ( l gc lch trc gia VINASAT vi v tinh ln cn; 10 200). - Mt gii hn EIRP lch trc (EIRP off-axis) cho php p dng i vi ng ln trm mt t: EIRP off-axis - 46 + 29 25 log (dBW/Hz) - ng knh ng ten thu, pht trm mt t khuyn ngh s dng l 3,0m. Trong trng hp s dng ng ten nh hn (nhng khng nh hn 2,4m), cng sut pht ca ng ten phi tun th cc gii hn nu trn v phi c s phi hp cht ch vi cc bn lin quan trnh gy can nhiu h thng, c bit vi v tinh ln cn. 2. i vi bng tn Ku: - S dng ng ten c gin bc x theo khuyn ngh REC S.580-5 ca ITU-R trong quy nh khuch i ng ten ti gc lch trc l 29 - 25 log ( l gc lch trc gia VINASAT vi v tinh ln cn; 10 200). - Mt gii hn EIRP lch trc (EIRP off-axis) cho php p dng i vi ng ln trm mt t: + trong di tn: 13.750 13.990 MHz EIRP off-axis - 46,56 + 29 25 log (dBW/Hz) ; v Tng quan D n Thng tin v tinh
19

B T lnh Thng tin lin lc + trong di tn: 14.255 14.495 MHz EIRP off-axis - 47,56 + 29 25 log (dBW/Hz) Mt gii hn EIRP ng trc (EIRP on-axis) trong di tn: 14.255 14.495 MHz: EIRP on axis - 7,1 (dBW/Hz) ng knh ti thiu ng ten pht trm mt t s dng l 1,2m. ng knh ti thiu ng ten thu trm mt t khuyn ngh s dng l 0,6m thu tn hiu truyn hnh v 1,2m cho cc dch v khc (VSAT,...)

2.2. Cc s phn knh ca v tinh Vinasat

Hnh 2.1 Phn knh b pht p bng C v tinh VINASAT

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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

Hnh 2.2: Phn knh b pht p bng Ku v tinh VINASAT

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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc 2.3. Vng ph sng v tinh Vinasat

1) Bng tn C m rng: Ton b khu vc ng nam , c, n , mt phn trung quc v nht bn. 2) Bng tn Ku: Ton b khu vc ng dng, Thi lan v mt phn Mianma.

Chng III tng quan v d n thnh phn vinasat ca b quc phng

3.1. Mc tiu ca D n Mc tiu xy dng h thng Thng tin v tinh qun s nh sau 1) Kt hp vi h thng thng tin c nh trin khai, bo m thng tin thoi, fax, truyn s liu ch huy cc n v xa, ni m h thng cp quang, vi ba, tng i in t k thut s cha vn ti bo m c; 2) Bo m thng tin thoi, TSL, fax, THHN cho cc n v lm nhim v c ng; 3.2. Quy m d n D n u t xy dng mng mt t thng tin v tinh qun s l mt thnh phn ca tng d n phng v tinh vin thng Vit Nam VINASAT. y l mt d n quy m quc gia, vi cc hng mc u t chnh: Xy dng 02 trm HUB thng tin v tinh c nh ti cc n v cp chin lc dung lng t 8 - 12 Mbps. Xy dng mng VSAT gm trn 250 trm vi cc cu hnh: c nh, bn c nh v c ng trang b cho cc cp chin dch, chin thut k c mt s loi trn tu bin Hi qun. Xy dng v nng cp h tng ph hp, trn c s h tng ca cc n v hin c thuc Binh chng Thng tin. T chc v o to lc lng vn hnh, khai thc v m bo k thut lu di.

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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc 3.3. a im trin khai a im trin khai d n trc ht l v tr lp t cc trm HUB c nh ti cc trung tm thng tin qun s trn a bn: Pha Bc: ti Sn Ty, Pha Nam: ti ng Nai,

a im trin khai cc trm VSAT l cc n v cp chin dch, chin thut, k c cc n v ng qun trn bin gii, hi o, vng su, vng xa theo nhim v tc chin trn cc a bn c BTTM quy nh, trin khai trn phm vi ton quc, c trng hp nc ngoi (khu vc chu trong vng ph sng ca v tinh VINASAT). 3.4. Gii php cho h thng thng tin v tinh qun s 3.4.1. La chn s dng bng tn ca Vinasat D n xy dng mt gii php kt hp s dng ng thi c 2 bng tn C v Ku cho mng TTVT-QS, trong : S dng bng tn Ku: xy dng ton b mng TTVT qun s trn bng tn Ku cho cc i tng c nhu cu thng xuyn c ng v di chuyn v tr ng qun vi u th kch thc an ten nh. S dng bng tn C: chp nhn s gim tnh c ng ca cc trm VSAT do bt buc phi s dng cc ng ten ln ( 2,4m). Phng n s dng bng tn C cho cc trm c nh thch hp vi mt s n v qun i t c nhu cu c ng hoc di chuyn v tr ng qun, mang li cht lng kt ni m bo hn. u im vng ph sng rng ca bng C cho php trin khai cc trm u cui ngoi lnh th quc gia. Kh nng chng nhiu ch p vi h thng 2 bng tn tt hn khi ch s dng 1 bng tn duy nht. Ngoi ra, s dng 2 bng tn cn lm tng sn sng ca h thng, d thch ng trong cc giai on pht trin TTVT tip theo ca Vit Nam.

Nh vy, phng n c la chn l s dng c 2 bng tn cho h thng TTVT-QS: bng Ku cho cc nhu cu c ng, kt hp vi bng C cho cc trm c nh.

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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc 3.4.2. La chn cng ngh chuyn mch gi IP L do la chn cng ngh chuyn mch gi IP (cng ngh IP) thay v cng ngh chuyn mch knh thng thng l: - Thit b theo cng ngh chuyn mch knh lc hu, nhiu hng dng sn xut loi ny, nht l cc b ghp knh di tn c s Multiplexer. Hin nay cc thit b TTVT gii tn c s (baseband) c xu hng chuyn sang s dng cng ngh IP tch hp a dch v vi chi ph r hn, cu hnh thit b cng n gin, d bo tr v thay th. - Cng ngh IP cho php t chc kt ni cc dch v truyn s liu, thoi, video,... ca mng TTVT vi cc mng h tng vin thng n gin, thun li hn so vi cng ngh chuyn mch knh. - Cng ngh IP s gip tit kim bng thng nhiu so vi cc cng ngh c, khng yu cu d phng cng sut (back-off) cao, do gip gim kch thc ng ten v cng sut my pht trm mt t. - Vn bo mt thng tin c th thc hin mc lung IP, v iu ny cng to iu kin thun li cho vic thit k ch to cc thit b bo mt (VSAT ti VSAT) ca ngnh c yu qun i vi chi ph thp. Phn m t v s cu trc mng di y, qua phn tch cc phn t mng s dng IP s cn thy r hn nhng u im sau ca phng n IP xut: - Tit kim chi ph v nng cao hiu qu truyn dn, gim chi ph bng thng v tinh do ch mt sng mang c pht t trm HUB cho thoi, d liu v thng tin video v c chia s cho tt c cc trm VSAT. - D liu v thoi c ng gi v nh a ch ring r vi tng trm VSAT. Nu s lng knh thoi gim v khng c THHN th bng thng s c cp pht cho truyn d liu nhiu hn. Khi tc truyn s liu ti trm VSAT v tc ti xung s tng ln. - D liu c cp pht m bo mc bng thng ti thiu v thoi s c u tin bng thng cao hn d liu. Ngoi ra, phng n IP cn gim phc tp ca thit b HUB: - Theo gii php IP, HUB ch pht mt sng mang v chia s cho tt c cc trm VSAT. Cng sut RF HUB s nh hn khi so snh vi gii php pht nhiu sng mang t HUB. - ng ln (Up-link) ca HUB ch cn mt modem iu ch duy nht, thay v rt nhiu modem nh phng n chuyn mch knh. Cc b demodulator (gii iu ch) c th chn loi c nhiu u vo sng mang ng thi. Mt s thit b HUB tch hp cao vi cc card demodulator c th gim khng gian trm HUB xung na. iu ny gip gim s lng thit b, gim phc tp u ni dy trm HUB v tiu th in. Tng quan D n thng tin v tinh
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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc - Trm HUB cng s khng yu cu (hoc rt t) mc backoff cng sut (3dB) so vi phng n nhiu sng mang (3-6dB). iu ny gim mc yu cu EIRP ca trm HUB. So snh trm VSAT: theo cng ngh chuyn mch knh (cng ngh Mux) v cng ngh IP c cu trc tng ng nhau, ch khc phn thit b ghp knh bng tn c s. Thit b router s dng loi ghp knh a dch v c sn xut rt nhiu, a dng v chng loi v ph hp kt ni giao din IP. T chc kt ni knh dch v linh hot, d dng nh vic nh tuyn cc gi tin theo a ch IP. Vi cng ngh IP vic m ho bo mt cho trm VSAT rt thun li vi mt thit b m ho lung IP cho ton b lu lng trm. Dng cng ngh Mux, m lung ghp knh serial phc tp hn hoc phi cn nhiu thit b m cho tng knh thng tin ring r. Cng ngh Mux cn cp bng thng cho cng thoi/fax giao din 2 dy FXS t nht 24-32kbps mi m bo cho thit b m u cui lm vic c. trm VSAT cng ngh IP
LNA Router HPA U/C Modem D/C Transceiver ng ten Ngoi tri Trong nh IP Voice/Fax Data Ethernet

trm VSAT cng ngh Multiplexing

LNA HPA U/C Modem D/C Transceiver ng ten Ngoi tri Trong nh

serial

Mux

Voice/Fax Data

Hnh 3.1: So snh cu trc trm VSAT theo cng ngh chuyn mch knh v IP So snh cu trc trm HUB: theo cng ngh IP c s lng thit b t hn v n gin trong kt ni so vi cng ngh ghp knh Mux. Theo cng ngh Mux, mi mt kt ni VSAT th HUB cn phi c mt cp Modem/Mux tng ng v cng cc thit b m ho bo mt. Nu mng c nhiu trm VSAT th khng gian thit b trm HUB s tng rt ln theo t l thun vi s kt ni. Theo cng ngh IP, ti HUB ch cn 1 modem pht duy nht mt sng mang cho Tng quan D n Thng tin v tinh
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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc ton b lu lng mng, b gii iu ch - demod c th chn loi c nhiu u vo trn mt thit b gip gim s lng cc thit b ca HUB. Phng n bo mt ti HUB theo cng ngh IP cng n gin hn vi 2 b m lung IP tuyn pht trc modem v tuyn thu sau cc b demodulator.
LNA

trm HUB cng ngh IP

Router HPA U/C Modem D/C IP Voice/Fax Data Ethernet

ng ten

Transceiver

Demod Demod Demod Demodulator Trong nh

IP

Ngoi tri

LNA

trm HUB cng ngh Multiplexing

HPA U/C D/C Modem Modem Modem Modem/Demod Mux Mux Mux Mux

ng ten

Transceiver

Voice/Fax Data

Ngoi tri

Trong nh

Hnh 3.2: So snh cu trc trm HUB theo cng ngh Mux v IP Cp pht bng thng v tinh cho mng theo cng ngh IP cng tit kim hn so vi cng ngh Mux, v ch cn pht mt sng mang ln cho ton b lu lng HUB so vi pht nhiu sng mng nh cho tng tuyn kt ni VSAT. Khi pht 1 sng mang duy nht s khng cn cc khong bo v gia cc sng mang, gip s dng bng thng v tinh hiu qu hn. Bng thng cp cho lu lng kt ni ca mt tuyn VSAT theo cng ngh IP cng hiu qu hn so vi cng ngh Mux, v ch khi c knh lin lc th mi chim ng truyn, knh thoi c nn vi tc nh, khi lu lng thoi trn lung t c th tng dung lng cho truyn dn gi d liu khc.

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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc sng mang mng theo cng ngh IP
HUB Xe THHN 2Mb HUB VSAT 32Kb

4MHz

4MHz

6MHz

sng mang mng theo cng ngh chuyn mch knh

HUB Xe THHN 2Mb HUB VSAT 128Kb HUB VSAT 64Kb

4MHz

12MHz

Hnh 3.3: Th d cp pht bng thng cho cc sng mang 3.4.3. La chn cng ngh a truy nhp v tinh Cng ngh a truy nhp v tinh c la chn cho d n l " a tn s v a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian MF/TDMA v qua so snh gia phng thc a truy nhp FDMA v MF/TDMA chng ta thy: Hiu qu s dng bng thng: hiu qu ca knh truyn trong mt sng mang FDMA c th kh cao (ti trn 90%), nhng hiu qu s dng bng thng v tinh tnh trn ton mng li km hn so vi MF/TDMA. Do truy nhp theo MF/TDMA, u cui ch pht khi c nhu cu truyn tin v khng chim knh khi ch ch thu; ngc li theo truy nhp FDMA, u cui lun chim bng thng cho d c lin lc hay khng. Thit b trm HUB: v phc tp thit b HUB th MF/TDMA c cu trc nh, gn, chim t khng gian v tiu th in t hn nhiu so vi FDMA. Khi m rng mng thm trm VSAT: vi s lng VSAT t, HUB dng MF/TDMA c th cha cn thm thit b; nu thm nhiu ch cn b sung 1 hoc mt vi b demodulator cho hng chc n hng trm Tng quan D n Thng tin v tinh
27

B T lnh Thng tin lin lc VSAT mi. Nhng vi HUB dng FDMA, c mi VSAT ni vo mng th phi cn thm 1 b demodulator tng ng. Nh vy kh nng m rng v d phng thit b ca HUB theo MF/TDMA rt linh hot, d dng hn rt nhiu so vi cng ngh FDMA v chi ph u t thp hn cho mng ln. Kch thc trm VSAT: trm VSAT theo FDMA c kch thc tnh ton ph hp vi dung lng truyn dn. Trm VSAT MF/TDMA do pht ri rc theo cc khe thi gian nn tc khi truyn (burst) cn cao hn so vi dung lng truyn dn trung bnh; dn n kch thc ng ten v my pht ln hn so vi trm VSAT FDMA. Kh nng bo mt: sng mang VSAT trong MF/TDMA c kh nng lin tc nhy tn trong nhiu on bng tn v pht trong cc khong thi gian gin on; sng mang ca VSAT trong FDMA c pht lin tc trong on bng tn cp pht c nh. Do vy kh nng chn thu thng tin ca mt trm VSAT vi MF/TDMA kh hn nhiu so vi khi dng FDMA.

Dung lng truyn tin bng rng: tc truyn tin ca ng t VSAT v HUB lun khng i, do vy kh c th tng dung lng truyn dn ca trm khi c nhu cu bng rng nh IP/Video. Vi VSAT yu cu 4 knh thoi, 1-2 knh s liu tc thp th tng dung lng ng inbound theo FDMA thng gii hn ti 128kbps. Vi kh nng cp khe thi gian linh ng ca MF/TDMA, cho php mt trm u cui c th pht trn nhiu khe thi gian lin tip khi c nhu cu truyn dn cao, tc c th t c ti vi trm kbps. Khi dung lng truyn t, s khe thi gian c cp s tha hn. Cng ngh MF/TDMA yu cu kh nng nh thi trong mng rt chnh xc ng b h thng. Kh nng nh thi cao cho php c th chia nh khe thi gian, ng ngha vi kh nng nhiu trm VSAT ng thi kt ni trn cng on bng tn v tinh vi hiu sut truyn tin cao hn. MF/TDMA l cng ngh mi pht trin cho cc mng VSAT a dch v. u im ca cng ngh a truy nhp MF/TDMA l: - Truy nhp v tinh theo TDMA gip tn dng ti a bng thng v tinh cho truyn dn t cc trm VSAT v HUB. iu ny gip s dng hiu qu cc bng thng my pht p v tinh. - Hin ch to c cc thit b nh thi c chnh xc cao cho php s dng cng ngh TDMA vi gi thnh trm u cui h hn. - Cc thit b HUB c cu trc gn hn so vi gii php FDMA. Mi b demodulator HUB s qun l nhiu kt ni t cc trm VSAT (tu h thng c th ti 20-25 link/b hoc hn). Do vy cu trc trm HUB theo TDMA s gn hn nhiu so vi FDMA. Nhc im ca MF/TDMA l: Tng quan D n thng tin v tinh
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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc Do truy nhp v tinh theo cc khe thi gian nn cn bng thng truyn dn ca trm c tc cao hn so vi FDMA cng dung lng. V d FDMA vi 2 4 knh thoi v knh d liu cn ng truyn dung lng khong 64kbps th vi TDMA cn c tc truyn t 384kbps hoc hn na tu theo thit lp mng. Trng hp s dng MF/TDMA c tc truyn dn nh cho trm VSAT cng sut thp th li khng hiu qu trong vic s dng bng thng v tinh v hiu sut ca b Demodulator trm HUB. ng ten v HPA ca trm u cui ln hn do cn truyn vi tc cao. Nu mng s dng nhiu trm c ng c kch thc ng ten nh th s cn HPA cao hn so vi phng n FDMA. iu ny dn n tng gi thnh u t h thng. V d theo cng ngh FDMA, trm VSAT bng C dng ng ten 2,4m v HPA 2W m bo truyn dn 64kbps th s dng MF/TDMA vi tc uplink 1024kbps s cn HPA ti 20W.

Cc phn tch trn ch ra rng p dng k thut truy nhp v tinh MF/TDMA hiu qu vi mng thng tin mt t ln, c rt nhiu trm VSAT tng i ng nht v chng loi trm v nhu cu truyn dn t cc VSAT. i chiu vi mng VSAT qun s ca ta c s lng trm khng nhiu (ti 250 trm) nhng nhiu loi trm vi dung lng khc nhau (2Mbps c ng, 64 kbps c c ng v bn c nh, c trm ti 128kbps); h thng mng c 2 phn bng Ku v bng C, li c chia nh thnh cc mng con khc nhau th gii php la chn cho h thng TTVT-QS vn nn l MF/TDMA trn ton b mng, thc hin ng b HUB, nhm tn dng u th tit kim bng thng, thit b nh gn. Tuy nhin cn kt hp thm: - Phn chia bng thng lm cc on bng tn c rng khc nhau tu theo nhu cu truyn dn v mc m bo cng sut kh thi cho tng loi trm. V d trm Ku ng ten 1,2m s pht trn on bng tn nh hn trm Ku ng ten 1,8m. - i vi cc xe c ng THHN bng Ku, m bo truyn dn tc cao v d tr cng sut, cn qun l cp pht bng thng v khe thi gian ring theo nhu cu trin khai kt ni cc trm c ng, c bit l kh nng ni thng gia 2 xe vi nhau kiu mesh. Cng sut pht ca cc xe c ng THHN c tnh theo nhu cu dung lng truyn dn thc v c d phng suy hao ma. 3.5. Tng quan h thng thng tin v tinh qun s 3.5.1. Cu trc h thng H thng gm 2 mng bng tn C v bng tn Ku, mi mng C v Ku gm c 2 trm HUB d phng phn tp a l. HUB bng C v HUB bng Ku s c t cng mt v tr gi l cc nt mng v kt ni trc tip vi nhau thng Tng quan D n Thng tin v tinh
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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc qua ng truyn cp quang mt t to thnh mng li ca h thng thng tin v tinh. T cc nt mng s c cc kt ni vi mng c nh bng lung E1 chuyn ti cc dch v thoi, s liu v truyn hnh cho mng thng tin v tinh. Mng VSAT bng C gm trn 180 trm c nh c cu trc hnh sao s dng an ten ng knh ti thiu l 2,4m, bo m dch v ti thiu 2 knh thoi v 1 knh d liu trn nn chuyn mch IP Mang VSAT bng Ku gm c 4 loi trm: 20-30 trm bn c nh vi an ten ng knh an ten ti a l 2,4m, 30-40 trm c ng c nh vi ng knh an ten 1,2m lp trn cc xe t 2 cu 7 ch ngi bo m ti thiu 2 knh thoi v 1 knh s liu, 08-10 trm c ng c ln s dng cho truyn hnh vi ng knh an ten 1,5m lp trn xe t minibus 16 ch ngi bo m truyn ti c 2 chiu lung E1 v cc dch v khc nh i vi trm c nh. Mng VSAT bng Ku l mng lm vic theo cu trc hn hp saoli. 06-10 trm lp t trn tu bin vi an ten t ng n nh 1.0m Mng c thit k hot ng vng chc linh hot nh kh nng d phng a l ca trm HUB, khi 1 HUB b s c hoc thin tai hoc thi tit xu th cc trm VSAT s t ng kt ni vi trm HUB cn li, bo m thng tin lin lc khng b gin on. Bo m d phng cho m rng ln gp i dung lng v d phng khi thi tit xu cng nh tham s v tinh c bin ng. H thng qun l mng c thit lp ti mi v tr trm HUB v c th hot ng c lp, ng thi mt h thng qun l tp trung cng c thit lp gim st v iu hnh ton b mng khi cn thit. S t chc cu trc h thng thng tin v tinh qun s nh hnh v 3.4

Tng quan D n thng tin v tinh

30

B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

VSAT 1-C

Sn Ty

VSAT 1-Ku

HUB C

HUB Ku

Mng truyn dn mt t

VSAT 2-C ng Nai

VSAT 2-Ku

HUB C

HUB Ku

Cp quang ng v tinh

Xe c ng THHN Xe VSAT c ng Trm bn c nh Trm c nh Trm trn tu bin

Hnh 3.4: Tng quan t chc mng mt t TTVT-QS 3.5.1. Cc dch v ca h thng thng tin v tinh qun s 1) Dch v thoi: Cung cp kh nng thoi quay s t ng vi giao din Analog hoc IP lin lc gia cc thu bao trong mng VSAT v vi mng in thoi qun s c nh. Ti mi trm VSAT s c thit b chuyn mch IP cho php qun l ti Tng quan D n Thng tin v tinh
31

B T lnh Thng tin lin lc a n 32 s thu bao. Ti mi trm HUB l chuyn mch IP vi kh nng qun l n 1024 thu bao. Cc cuc gi trong n ti mt trm s khng chim bng thng v tinh m c nh tuyn ngay ti trm. Cc cuc gi ti cc trm VSAT khc c nh tuyn ngay trong mng VSAT. Cc cuc gi ra mng ngoi v gi vo mng VSAT s kt ni thng qua lung trung k E1 ti trm HUB. 2) Dch v d liu v truyn hnh: Cung cp kh nng ng dng cc dch v d liu kt ni gia cc mng my tnh VLAN, kt ni Internet...tt c trn nn cng ngh IP. Kt ni vi mng truyn s liu qun s ATM. Cung cp kh nng truyn hnh im - im tc 2.048 Mbps gia 2 xe c ng hoc gia xe c ng vi trm HUB, kh nng t chc hi ngh truyn hnh khi cn thit. Cung cp ng kt ni lung E1 tng t nh truyn dn cp quang hay vi ba lm d phng cho mng thng tin c nh. 3.5.2. Cu trc tng quan trm HUB Cc trm HUB Ku c cu trc gm cc cm thit b c bn: - H thng ng ten v thit b cao tn - Cc khi x l tn hiu ng ln - uplink - Cc khi x l tn hiu ng xung - downlink - Phn ghp ni mng Ku/ C v ghp vi mng mt t bn ngoi - Phn qun l gim st h thng Phn ng ten v thit b cao tn c cc thnh phn chnh nh sau: - 01 ng ten parabol ng knh ln trn 4,5m vi ng c iu khin bm v tinh t ng theo 2 gc t v gc phng v. - 02 b khuch i tp m thp LNB ghp d phng 1:1, thc hin khuch i tn hiu cao tn Ku thu c v i tn xung bng L. B LNB c lp t ngay sau loa pht x ca ng ten. - 02 b khuch i cng sut cao HPA cng sut loi bn dn vi d phng 1:1, cng c lp t ngay trn chn ct ng ten. - 02 b i tn ln UpConverter d phng 1:1 cho php i tn s sng mang ca HUB t trung tn IF ln tn s cao tn. - Cc b chuyn mch d phng tng ng cho tng khi thit b l loi chuyn mch in t t ng vi giao din kt ni ph hp. - 01 my thu tn hiu Beacon v tinh dng xc nh chnh xc gc hng v tinh lm tn hiu iu khin ng ten bm chnh xc v tinh t ng - 01 khi tnh ton v tr v t ng iu khin ng c quay ng ten. Phn thit b ng pht ln, bao gm: Tng quan D n thng tin v tinh
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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc 02 b iu ch sng mang tuyn pht (Modulator) vi ghp d phng 1:1. - 02 b m ho d liu IP v ng gi vi d phng 1:1. - B chuyn mch t ng cho cc b iu ch - 02 b bin i giao din phn phi v ng b thi gian vi d phng 1:1. B giao din phn phi s nhn dng cc gi IP gi t HUB n cc VSAT v chuyn sang khi ng gi IP. Khi ny chu trch nhim m ho d liu IP vo nh dng gi truyn dn v nh tuyn chng n b iu ch sng mang hng pht. B iu ch sng mang thc hin m ho sa li FEC, iu ch d liu thnh tn hiu trung tn pht i. Tc lung trung tn c th thay i c tu theo dung lng trm HUB pht cho VSAT, t 1Mbps n hng chc Mbps. Phn thit b ng xung, bao gm: - 02 my thu thi gian GPS chun cu hnh d phng 1:1 - 01 khi phn phi thi gian ng b my thu, - Cc khi ghp knh IF cu hnh d phng 1:1 - Cc b gii iu ch (Demodulator) v b kim sot ng b khung - Chuyn mch giao din mng Ethernet 10/100 Mbps cho cc gi IP gi ra t cc Demodulator. T u ra LNB l tn hiu cc sng mang thu c v chuyn xung bng L. Cc tn hiu ny c a ti cc b gii iu ch MF/TDMA lc theo tng on tn s; thc hin gii iu ch sng mang, lc bit sa li v khi phc li thnh cc gi IP gi t trm VSAT a vo mng Ethernet bn trong. Cc gi IP t VSAT tu theo a ch ch s c gi n cc phn giao din tng ng nh d liu c router nh tuyn vo mng truyn s liu hoc gi IP thoi s chuyn ti VoIP router thnh cuc gi sang mng PSTN. Phn thit b h thng qun l mng v giao din mng ngoi bao gm: - My tnh trung tm qun l iu khin mng - NMS (cu hnh cn d phng 1:1) vi phn mm giao din iu khin gim st ton b thit b trm HUB v VSAT - H thng con tng tc giao thc TCP/IP, HTTP,... - H thng giao din bo mt lung IP ca Cc C yu - Router VoIP vi chc nng chuyn mch thoi mm v cc cng giao din lung E1 bo hiu R2/SS7 ghp ni vi tng i PBX ca mng PSTN mt t bn ngoi. -

Tng quan D n Thng tin v tinh

33

B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

Beacon Tracking Receiver

ng ten Pointing Motor

Interface Converter Interface Converter

Ethernet 10/100 Mbps

ng gi IP ng gi IP D phng 1:1

Modulator

HPA

Modulator D phng 1:1

RF Tx

HPA D phng 1:1

D phng 1:1

1:1 GPS Receiver nh thi & ng b

Switch 100Mbps

Router

Router

MF-TDMA Demodulator

Chia L band

MF-TDMA Demodulator

LNB

LNB D phng 1:1

Switch 100Mbps

Voice / E1 SS7 LAN

VoIP Gateway

MF-TDMA Demodulator D phng n:m

Giao din mng mt t

Trong nh

Ngoi tri

Phn mng bng C

Qun l gim st mng

Hnh 3.5: M hnh cu trc trm HUB

3.5.2. Cu trc tng quan trm VSAT Cc trm VSAT bng Ku v C c thit k u c cu trc c bn ging nhau v cng loi thit b v s lng, gm: Thit b trong nh, u ging nhau: - 01 modem v tinh vi giao din lung IP/Ethernet, giao din IF L band - 01 VoIP router vi 4 cng thoi giao din FXS 2 dy, cng Ethernet 34 Tng quan D n thng tin v tinh

B T lnh Thng tin lin lc 01 switch LAN 8 cng Ethernet tc 10/100Mbps, 01 thit b m lung IP ca C yu, giao din Ethernet Cc my in thoi giao din analog 2 dy FXS Cc thit b ngun v ph tr khc.

Thit b ngoi tri, khc nhau tu loi trm, gm: - 01 ng ten mt t v tinh, khc nhau tu loi trm - 01 khi khuch i cng sut BUC, giao din IF L band - 01 khi khuch i tp m thp LNB, giao din IF L band Thit b ngun in v ph tr, tu loi trm VSAT: - Xe c ng THHN v xe VSAT c ng ngoi kh nng dng c ngun in li cn c my pht in cng sut 2kVA i km v cc b nn/np in. - Trm VSAT bn c nh v c nh ti cc v tr vng su, vng xa khng c in li s c trang b t hp ngun in pin mt tri v my pht in d phng cng sut 2kVA. - Trm VSAT trn tu bin, trm VSAT c nh v bn c nh ti cc v tr c in li 220V AC s c trang b thit b ct lc st ngun in, cc b nn /np in v my pht in d phng cng sut 2kVA. Tu theo c im ca trm VSAT s c s khc nhau v kiu loi ng ten, cng sut ca BUC v c thm mt vi thit b khc: Xe c ng THHN bng Ku: ng ten l loi t trn nc cabin xe v c th quay bm v tinh c nh ng c iu khin. Khi BUC c chn l loi lp trong t (rack) hoc trn gi ca ng ten; c cng sut cao truyn bng thng ln cho THHN v ng trc nhnh. Ngoi ra trn xe c cc thit b cho THHN nh: camera, thit b m truyn hnh - video codec, mn hnh theo di LCD, my tnh xch tay truyn s liu. Xe VSAT c ng bng Ku: ng ten l loi nh c th tho v lp bng tay; khi di chuyn cho vo cc thng vn chuyn chuyn dng hoc iu khin t ng gn sn trn nc xe. Thit b trong xe c gn trong cc gi, thng chng rung xc. Xe VSAT cn c thm my tnh xch tay truyn s liu. Trm VSAT trn tu bng Ku: ng ten c gn trn b n nh 3 bc t do c th quay bm v tinh t ng rt nhanh. bo v ng ten, s dng mt vm che bng vt liu trong sut vi sng in t. Thit b BUC c th chn loi lp trong t (rack) hoc ngay trn b ng ten. Trm VSAT bn c nh bng Ku: ng ten l loi c nh vi mng c gia cng thm c th tho lp d dng. ng ten c th chn loi kch thc ln hn so vi cc VSAT c ng c c d Tng quan D n Thng tin v tinh
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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc phng kt ni tt hn. Khi BUC chn loi gn trc tip ngay sau loa pht x gim suy hao pht thp nht. Trm VSAT c nh bng C: c cu hnh tng t trm VSAT bn c nh Ku, ch khc l thit b BUC v LNB s dng bng tn C. ng ten ca trm chn loi c nh ng knh t 2,4m tr ln. Khi BUC chn loi gn trc tip ngay sau loa pht x gim suy hao pht thp nht. Tn s lm vic ca BUC v LNB chn loi di C chun v C m rng c th chuyn sang s dng vi nhiu loi v tinh trong khu vc d phng tnh hung v tinh VINASAT c s c.
Tx

BUC
10/100Mbps

Switch

Router VoIP

Ethernet

M IP

Modem

L band

LNB

Rx

Voice/Fax Data/RS232 Ethernet

Trong nh

Ngoi tri

Hnh 3.6: Cu trc c bn trm VSAT C/Ku

Ring i vi trm VSAT c ng Truyn hnh hi ngh S dng loi xe t 16 ch ngi, hai cu, c kh nng c ng ti cc a hnh phc tp, c khng gian ph hp trin khai thit b trn xe. Xe c tho hai dy gh ngi pha sau to khng gian cho lp t thit b. Cc xe VSAT c ng truyn hnh hi ngh (THHN) c dung lng ln n 2,048Mbps, c th dng lm ng truyn dn lung E1/G703 khi cc tuyn truyn dn vi ba, cp quang c s c. Cc lung d liu IP t xe c ng THHN s pht trn cc sng mang ring r trong mt di bng tn c chia s dng chung cho cc trm yu cu bng thng rng v khng i hi thng xuyn c kt ni. Cc xe truyn hnh hi ngh c thit k c cu trc lm vic theo kiu hnh li (Mesh), tc l trong mng truyn hnh 02 xe THHN c th lm vic c lp v trc tip c vi nhau khng cn thng qua trm HUB. Cc xe VSAT THHN c cc giao din cho ngi s dng bao gm: + 4 knh thoi nn tc t 8 n 9,6 kbps. + 2 cng truyn d liu tc thp t 9,6 n 19,2 kbps. + 01 giao din E1/G703. + 1 knh THHN giao thc IP/Ethernet. Tng quan D n thng tin v tinh
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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc Xe VSAT c ng truyn hnh hi ngh bng Ku lm vic trong h thng mng hnh sao, hnh li hoc lin kt vi trm HUB theo kiu im ni im (SCPC) trn c s cng ngh truy nhp bng tn v tinh MF/TDMA. Cu trc thit b ca mt xe c ng THHN bao gm cc thnh phn sau: - ng ten Parabol >1,5 m vi b g v v chp bo v khi c ng. - ng c iu khin ng ten. - B khuch i v i tn ln (BUC). - B khuch i tp m thp LNB. - B iu khin t xa iu chnh ng ten. - Gi lp my v thit b ngun in - Thit b Route VoIP. - Thit b truyn hnh hi ngh (Video Conference). - Switch LAN 8 cng Ethernet tc 10/100Mbps. - Thit b iu ch v gii iu ch (Modem). - Ph kin ng b km theo.

Ethernet

L band IF Tx

Router VoIP
10/100Mbps

M IP Switch

Modem

HPA

Tx

Voice/Fax Data/RS232
Video

L band IF Rx

LNB

Rx

Camera
Audio

AVL Encoder Trong nh Laptop Ngoi tri

Monitor

A/V

Hnh 3.7: S cu trc thit b trn xe c ng THHN 3.6. Bo mt h thng thng tin v tinh qun s Bo mt cho h thng thng tin v tinh do Cc C yu/BTTM chu trch nhim thc hin v l mt phn ca D n thng tin v tinh VINASAT B quc phng. 3.6.1. Cc nguy c nh hng an ninh thng tin Nh m t trong hnh 3.6.1, bao gm: Tng quan D n Thng tin v tinh
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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc - Cc i chn thu, khai thc thng tin c tnh nng cao, t trn t i phng; - i pht nhiu c nh, t trn t i phng hoc gn bin gii hay trn tu bin, gy nhiu cho h thng theo ng uplink; - My bay mang my pht nhiu ng uplink v downlink, c th thm nhp vo vng ph sng ca v tinh. V tinh thng tin

My pht nhiu ng ln trn my bay

Chim ot knh lnh

My pht nhiu ng xung t b

Tn cng vo khu vc mt t

My pht nhiu b mt c Lc lng ch tn cng v tinh Chn thu/thm d Lc lng mt t iu khin v i

Hnh 3.6.1: Cc nguy c nh hng n h thng TTVT Cc kh nng e do trn c th c ngn chn bng nhiu bin php bo v. Mt s bin php c th d dng thc thi trn h thng VINASAT, tuy nhin mt s khc li c chi ph qu cao so vi quy m ca d n v ch kh thi i vi nhng nc ln, c tim nng cao trong cng nghip v tr, hoc c kh nng ti chnh ln. 3.6.2. Bo mt giao din v tinh Trong h thng c 2 trung tm HUB (mi trung tm c 01 trm HUB bng Ku; 01 trm HUB bng C), trn 250 trm VSAT c u t mi v 9 trm VSAT nng cp. Cng ngh truyn dn gia VSAT HUB c la chn l cng ngh IP. Trong , HUB l ni trung chuyn cc lung IP gia cc trm VSAT vi nhau v vi mng vin thng qun s (ATM, PSTN). c im ca kt ni VSAT-HUB l: mi knh kt ni l mt lung IP c cp a ch IP tnh vi ba loi hnh thng tin: thoi, d liu v truyn hnh. Gii php bo mt giao din v tinh VSAT-HUB c xy dng theo m hnh hub-spoke nhm bo Tng quan D n thng tin v tinh
38

B T lnh Thng tin lin lc mt d liu c trao i gia cc trm HUB vi trm VSAT, khng bo mt d liu truyn dn qua mng mt t.
VSAT 1 - C

L 614, Sn Ty HUB C HUB Ku

VSAT1 - Ku MV

MV MV MV

MV MH1 MH2 MV

Cp quang ng v tinh Xe VSAT truyn hnh Xe VSAT c ng Trm b n c nh Trm c nh Trm trn tu bin
Trm bo mt C yu
VSAT 2 - C VSAT2 - Ku TSLQS

MV

A98 TP.HCM HUB C HUB Ku

MV

MV MV MV

MV MH3 MH4 MV

MV

Hnh 3.6.2: M hnh h thng bo mt giao din v tinh 3.6.2. Bo mt thng tin u cui s liu IP + Bo mt thoi: ti mi trm VSAT thit b bo mt thoi v tinh (MTVS) l dng IP phone, c u ni trc tip vi VoIP router ca trm VSAT. Ti mi trm HUB: thit b gateway chuyn tip c kt ni vi mng PSTN thng qua mt giao din E1/R2/SS7, bo m 30 trung k thoi gia mng PSTN vi mng v tinh cho lin lc mt gia cc my in thoi bo mt trong mng PSTN vi my in thoi bo mt trong mng v tinh. Tng quan D n Thng tin v tinh
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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc + Bo mt truyn hnh: chun kt ni gia thit b u cui truyn hnh trn cc xe c ng vi thit b m MVO l IP/Ehernet, theo ng kt ni gia thit b truyn hnh vi thit b MVO-1U cc S ch huy nm trong h thng truyn hnh giao ban xa BQP trin khai. Cu trc:

Hnh 3.6.3: V tr t trm Bo mt ti trm VSAT

CPU BUS

Ethernet Port 1

Ethernet MAC/PHY

IP r

Engine bo mt VSAT

Ethernet Port 2

Ethernet MAC/PHY

IP m

Console

Hnh 3.6.4: Cu trc trm Bo mt u cui VSAT

3.6.2. Bo mt thng tin thoi u cui - u cui: Thng tin thoi l mt loi hnh thng tin c bn phc v lnh o ch huy trong qun i. Thoi v tinh, vi c th ca n, s bo m c thng tin phc v lnh o ch huy qun s ti nhng n v ng qun bin gii, hi o, v nhng n v c ng. Bo mt thoi l mt trong nhng thnh phn c bn ca h thng bo mt thng tin qun s. Thit b bo mt thoi v tinh s bo mt tn hiu thoi t u cui n u cui, ngn chn nguy c chn thu tt c cc im trn ton tuyn truyn dn. Tng quan D n thng tin v tinh
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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

Hnh 3.6.5: M hnh bo mt knh thoi u cui u cui.

Hnh 3.6.6: M hnh x l lin thng knh thoi bo mt gia mng IP v PSTN

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B T lnh Thng tin lin lc

Chng IV d kin trin khai d n thnh phn vinasat ca b quc phng

4.1. Cng tc chun b: Hin nay D n c B trng BQP ph duyt thit k tng d ton, Binh chng ang tch cc phi hp vi cc c quan B Quc phng hon tt cng tc chun b u thu mua sm thit b v xy dng h tng cc trm. D kin ton b cng tc chun b trin khai u thu mua sm thit b v xy dng h tng s hon tt trong thng 2 v u thng 3 nm 2008. 4.2. Cc giai on ca d n: D n s chia thnh 3 giai on thc hin trong 3 nm 2008 n 2010 - Nm 2008: Trin khai lp t 1 cm trm HUB v 61 trm VSAT, u tin cho cc n v bin gii, hi o. - Nm 2009: Trin khai lp t cum HUB th 2 v 102 trm VSAT - Nm 2010: Trin khai cc trm VSAT cn li 4.3. Trch nhim ca cc n v tham gia trin khai d n: y l d n ln, gp phn lm cho h thng thng tin qun s ngy cng vng chc v vn ti mi min ca t quc, nng cao kh nng phng th v sn sng chin u ca qun i ta. Vi ngha c bit quan trng ca d n, yu cu lc lng thng tin ton qun phi tch cc ch ng tham gia trin khai d n. Ni dung cc cng vic bao gm: - Tham gia kho st chun b h tng cc trm VSAT. - Tham gia xy dng h tng cc trm VSAT. - Tham gia lp t trin khai cc trm VSAT. - Tham gia hun luyn khai thc s dng, bo dng VSAT. - Tip nhn v t chc khai thc c hiu qu cc trm VSAT phc v cho lnh o ch huy hon thnh nhim v B Quc phng giao.

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