Oluwamayowa Okeyoyin @02696730

Advanced Dynamics Homework 1

Question 1
A racing car travels with a constant speed of 240 km/hr around the elliptical race track.
Determine the acceleration experienced by the driver at A.

Solution:
For the driver at A moving with constant speed, then
0
t
a v = =

2
n
v
a
p
=
Where is the radius of curvature.
From calculus, the radius of curvature is given as

3
2 2
2
2
1
dy
dx
d y
dx
p

| |
+
|
\ .

=
Oluwamayowa Okeyoyin @02696730
Advanced Dynamics Homework 1
From the equation of motion of the car

2 2
1
16 4
x y
+ =
Differentiating the equation of motion to determine
dy
dx
and
2
2
d y
dx
we have;
0
8 2
x y
dy + =

2 8
y dy x
dx
=

2
8 4
dy x x
dx y y
= =
4
dy
y x
dx
=
Differentiating the expression one more time we have;

2
2
4 4 1
dy dy d y
y
dx dx
dx
+ =

2 2
2
4 4 1
dy d y
y
dx
dx
| |
+ =
|
\ .


2 2
2
4 1 4
d y dy
y
dx
dx
| |
| |
| =
|
|
\ .
\ .


2
2
2
1 4
4
dy
d y dx
y
dx
| |

|
\ .
=
But
4
dy x
dx y
= therefore;
Oluwamayowa Okeyoyin @02696730
Advanced Dynamics Homework 1

2
2
2
1 4
4
4
x
y d y
y
dx
| |

|
\ .
=

2 2 2
2 3
4
16
d y y x
dx y

+
=



( )
( )
3
2 2
3
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
3
1
4 16
4 4 4
16
x
y y x
y x y x
y
p

| |

+
|
+
\ .

= =
+ +

At A x=4 km and y=0 km, hence;
A= 1 km = 1000 m
The speed of the car is given as;

240 1000
240 66.67 /
3600
x
v km m s = = =
There acceleration at A is given as

2 2
2
66.67
4.44 /
1000
A
A
v
a m s
p
= = =

2
4.44 /
A
a m s =

Question 2
Particles A and B are traveling counterclockwise around a circular track at a constant speed of 8
m/s. If at the instant shown the speed of A begins to increase by (a
t
) A = (0.4SA) m/s
2
, where is
SA in meters, determine the distance measured counterclockwise along the track from B to A
when t = 1s.What is the magnitude of the acceleration of each particle at this instant?
Oluwamayowa Okeyoyin @02696730
Advanced Dynamics Homework 1

Solution
Given:
0
8 / v m s =
2
0.4 b s

=
1
1 t s = 5 r m =
0
120 u =
To get the distance moved by the particle, we determine an expression in terms of velocity and
distance as shown below;
Recall

A
tA
dv
a
dt
= (1.1)
Also

A
A
dS
V
dt
= Hence

A
A
dS
dt
v
= (1.2)
Substituting for Equation (1.2) into equation (1.1) we have;

A A A A
v dv bS dS =
Integrating both sides with limits of integration we have;
Oluwamayowa Okeyoyin @02696730
Advanced Dynamics Homework 1

1
0
0
A A
v S
A A A A
v
v dv bS dS =


Where
1 A
S is the distance covered in time
1
1 t s =

2 2 2
0
2 2 2
A A
v v bS
=

2 2
0 A A
v v bS = +
Recall
A
A
dS
V
dt
= hence

A
A
dS
dt
v
= Substituting for
A
v , we have;

2 2
0
A
A
dS
dt
v bS
=
+

Integrating both sides of the equation we have;

( )
1 1
2
2
0 0
0
1
1
A
t S
A
A
dt dS
v S b
=

The second half of the integral can be evaluated using trigonometric substitution as shown
below:
Let
A
u bS = and
0
a v = therefore;

1
1
2 2
0
1
A
S
A
t dS
a u
=
+

Considering the triangle in Figure 1 below, we have;



Oluwamayowa Okeyoyin @02696730
Advanced Dynamics Homework 1

0
tan
A
bS u
a v
u = =

0
tan
A
v
S
b
u = Therefore

2
sec
o
A
v
dS d
b
u u =
Also from the triangle;

2 2
1
sec
cos
u a
a
u
u
+
= = therefore

2 2
sec u a a u + =
Substituting for
A
dS and
2 2
u a + in the integral we have;

1
2 0
1
0
0
1
sec
sec
A
S
v
t x d
v b
u u
u
=



1
1
0
1
sec
A
S
t d
b
u u =



1
1
0
1
ln sec tan
A
S
t
b
u u = +
Substituting for secu and tanu we have;

( )
1
2
2
0
1
0 0
0
1
ln
A
S
A
A
bS v
bS
t
v v b
+
= +

( )
1
2
2
0
1
0
0
1
ln
A
S
A A
bS v bS
t
v b
+ +
=
Oluwamayowa Okeyoyin @02696730
Advanced Dynamics Homework 1

( )
2
2
1 0 1
0
1
0 0
1
ln ln
A A
bS v bS
v
t
v v b

+ +
=





( )
2
2
1 0 1
1
0
ln
A A
bS v bS
t b
v
+ +
=
Taking exponential of both sides, we have;

( )
1
2
2
1 0 1
0
A A
t b
bS v bS
e
v
+ +
=

( )
1
2
2
1 0 1 0
t b
A A
bS v bS v e + + =
Substituting for b ,
0
v and
1
t we have;

( )
2
2 1 0.4
1 1
0.4 8 0.4 8
x
A A
S S e + + =

( )
2
2
1 1
0.4 8 15.06 0.4
A A
S S + =
Squaring both sides of the equation we have;

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
1 1 1
0.4 8 15.06 0.4 15.06 0.4
A A A
S S x S + =

( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 1
0.4 64 226.803 19.05 0.4
A A A
S S S + = +
Therefore;


1
19.05 226.803 64
A
S =

1
8.546
A
S m =
Oluwamayowa Okeyoyin @02696730
Advanced Dynamics Homework 1
The distance covered by particle B in
1
t is given as

1 0 1
8
B
S v t m = =
Total distance
AB
S is given as;

1 1 AB A B
S S r S u = +

120
2 2 5 10.47
360 360
r x r x x x m
u
u t t = = =
Therefore;
8.546 10.47 8
AB
S = +
11.02
AB
S m =
Particle A will have both tangential and normal acceleration and this is given as;

( )
2
2 2
2
0 1
1
A
A A
v bS
a bS
r
| |
+
| = +
|
\ .

( )
( )
2
2
2
64 0.4 8.546
0.4 8.546
5
A
a x
| |
+
|
= +
|
\ .

11.685 347.55
A
a = +

2
18.95 /
A
a m s =
Particle B will have only the normal acceleration and this is given as;

2 2
2 0
8
12.8 /
5
B
v
a m s
r
= = =

Question 3
The automobile travels from a parking deck down along a cylindrical spiral ramp at a constant
speed of 1.5 m/s. If the ramp descends a distance of 12 m for every full revolution, = 2 rad,
determine the magnitude of the cars acceleration as it moves along the ramp r = 10m.
Oluwamayowa Okeyoyin @02696730
Advanced Dynamics Homework 1

Solution
Given: constant speed of car is 1.5 / v m s = , 10 r m =
From the Figure 1 below it can be seen that tangent to the ramp at any point is at an angle of

12
arctan
2 10 x x
o
t
| |
=
|
\ .


0
10.812 o =








Oluwamayowa Okeyoyin @02696730
Advanced Dynamics Homework 1
The components of the cars velocity are ;
0
r
v =
cos 1.5 cos10.812 v v x
u
o = =
1.473 / v m s
u
=
1.5 sin10.812
z
v x =
0.282 /
z
v m s =
10 r m = , 0 r = , 0 r =
Also
0
v ru =
1.473 10xu =
0.147 / rad s u =
The components of acceleration of the car are:

( )
2
r
a r ru =
( )
2
0 10 0.147
r
a =

2
0.216 /
r
a m s =
2 a r r
u
u u = +
10 0 2 0 0.147 a x x x
u
= +
0 a
u
=

z
a z =
0
z
a =
The magnitude of the acceleration of the car is
Oluwamayowa Okeyoyin @02696730
Advanced Dynamics Homework 1

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
0.216 0 0
r z
a a a a
u
= + + = + +

2
0.216 / a m s =