THUYT TRNH VI IU KHIN Chc nng DAC trn VDK pic

Nhm 10:
-Nguyn Tn Khi -Phm Quc Thi -Nguyn Duy Thng
Ngun Wikipedia
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Khi nim DAC (Digital-to-analog converter):

Chuyn i s sang tng t l tin trnh ly mt gi tr c biu din di dng m s ( digital code ) v chuyn i n thnh mc in th hoc dng in t l vi gi tr s. S khi ca mt b chuyn i DAC:

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Cc c tnh ca DAC
phn gii (resolution):l thay i nh nht c th xy ra u ra tng t bi kt qua ca mt thay i u vo s. phn gii ca DAC ph thuc vo s bit, cc nh ch to thng n nh phn gii ca DAC dng s bit.DAC c cng nhiu bit th phn gii cng tinh hn. phn gii lun bng trng s ca LSB. Cn gi l kch thc bc thang (step size), v l khong thay i ca Vout khi gi tr ca u vo s thay i t bc ny sang bc khc.

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c tnh DAC
Vi DAC c N bit th tng s mc khc nhau s l 2N, v tng s bc s l 2N 1. phn gii bng vi h s t l trong mi quan h gia u vo v u ra ca DAC. u ra tng t = K x u vo s
Vi K l mc in th (hoc cng dng in) mi bc.

Nh vy ta c cng thc tnh phn gii nh sau: Vi l u ra cc i ( y thang ), N l s bit:

Tnh theo phn trm:

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c tnh DAC
CHNH XC:thng c 2 cch thng dng nht: -Sai s ton thang (full scale error):khong lch ti a u ra DAC so vi gi tr d kin (l tng) -Sai s tuyn tnh (linearity error) : khong lch ti a kch thc bc thang so vi kch thc bc thang l tng =>thng c biu bin dng phn trm u ra cc i (y thang) ca b chuyn i. DAC : chnh xc v phn gii phi tng thch vi nhau

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c tnh DAC
SAI S LCH : -L tng th u ra ca DAC s l 0V khi tt c u vo nh phn ton l bit 0. -thc t th mc in th ra cho trng hp ny s rt nh, gi l sai s lch ( offset error). =>Sai s ny nu khng iu chnh th s c cng vo u ra DAC d kin trong tt c cc trng hp. Nhiu DAC c tnh nng iu chnh sai s lch bn ngoi, s cho php chng ta trit tiu lch ny bng cch p mi bit 0 u vo DAC v theo di u ra. Khi ta iu chnh chit p iu chnh lch cho n khi no u ra bng 0V.
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c tnh DAC
THI GIAN N NH : Thi gian n nh (settling time) l thi gian cn thit u ra DAC i t zero n bc thang cao nht khi u vo nh phn bin thin t chui bit ton 0 n chui bit ton l 1. Thc t thi gian n nh l thi gian u vo DAC n nh trong phm vi 1/2 kch thc bc thang ( phn gii) ca gi tr cui cng. TRNG THI N IU: ( monotonic) - nu u ra ca n tng khi u vo nh phn tng dn t gi tr ny ln gi tr k tip. Ni cch khc l u ra bc thang s khng c bc i xung khi u vo nh phn tng dn t zero n y thang. T s ph thuc dng: DAC cht lng cao yu cu s nh hng ca bin thin in p ngun i vi in p u ra v cng nh. T s ph thuc ngun l t s bin thin mc in p u ra vi bin thin in p ngun gy ra n.
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Cc phng php chuyn i D/A:

DAC dng in tr c trng s nh phn v b khuch i cng:

B khuch i thut ton (Operational Amplifier Op Amp) c dng lm b

cng o cho tng trng s ca bn mc in th vo. du m (-) biu th b khuch i cng y l khuch i cng o. phn gii ca mch DAC trn bng vi trng s ca LSB, ngha l bng 1/8 x 5V = 0.625V
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Cc phng php chuyn i D/A:

DAC R/2R ladder: -Hn ch ln nht l khong cch chnh lch ng k gi tr in tr gia LSB v MSB, nht l trong cc DAC c phn gii cao (nhiu bit). - mch DAC mng R/2R ladder khc phc c nhc im ny. Cc in tr trong mch ny ch bin thin trong khong t 2 n 1. Hnh di y l mt mch DAC R/2R ladder c bn:

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Cc phng php chuyn i D/A:

DAC R/2R ladder: -Ta thy c cch sp xp cc in tr ch c hai gi tr c s dng l R v 2R. - Dng IOUT ph thuc vo v tr ca 4 chuyn mch, u vo nh phn B0B1B2B3 chi phi trng thi ca cc chuyn mch ny. Dng ra IOUT c php chy qua b bin i dng thnh in (Op-Amp) bin dng thnh in th ra VOUT. - in th ng ra VOUT c tnh theo cng thc:

Vi B l gi tr u vo nh phn, bin thin t 0000 (0) n 1111(15)

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Cc phng php chuyn i D/A:

DAC vi u ra dng: -Trong cc thit b k thut s i lc cng i hi qu trnh iu khin bng dng in. -mt DAC vi ng ra dng tng t t l vi u vo nh phn. Mch DAC ny 4 bit, c 4 ng dn dng song song mi ng c mt chuyn mch iu khin. Trng thi ca mi chuyn mch b chi phi bi mc logic u vo nh phn.

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 Cc phng php chuyn i D/A:

DAC vi u ra dng: -Dng chy qua mi ng l do mc in th quy chiu VREF v gi tr in tr trong ng dn quyt nh. Gi tr in tr c trng s theo c s 2, nn cng dng in cng c trng s theo h s 2 v tng cng dng in ra IOUT s l tng cc dng ca cc nhnh.

-DAC vi u dng ra c th chuyn thnh DAC c u ra in th bng cch dng b khuch i thut ton (Op-Amp)
IOUT ra t DAC phi ni n u vo ca b khuch i thut ton. Hi tip m ca b khuch i thut ton buc dng IOUT phi chy qua RF v to in p ng ra VOUT v c tnh:
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 Cc phng php chuyn i D/A:

DAC in tr hnh T: -c hai loi in tr l R v 2R c mc thnh 4 cc hnh T ni dy chuyn. Cc S3, S2, S1, S0 l cc chuyn mch in t. -Mch DAC ny dng b khuch i thut ton (Op-Amp) khuch i o. VREF l in p chun. B3, B2, B1, B0 l m nh phn 4 bit. Vo l in p tng t ng ra. -Cc chuyn mch chu s iu khin ca s nh phn tng ng vi cc switch: khi Bi = 1 th cng tc Si ng vo VREF, kho Bi = 0 th Si ni t.
-

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 Cc phng php chuyn i D/A:

DAC in tr hnh T: -Chng ta ch cn cho ln lt cc bit Bi bng logic 1 v 0 ta s tnh c VOUT sau dng nguyn xp chng ta s tnh c in p ra:
-Biu thc trn chng t rng bin in p tng t u ra t l thun vi gi tr tn hiu s u vo. Chng ta c th thy rng i vi DAC in tr hnh T N bit th in p tng t u ra VOUT s l: **Sai s chuyn i: Sai lch in p chun VREF , s tri im 0 ca khuch i thut ton, in p ri trn in tr tip xc ca tip im chuyn mch, sai s ca in tr.
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NG DNG CA DAC
Audio:Hu ht tt c cc thit b m thanh hin i u l tn
hiu s,do chng ta c th nghe thy qua loa phi nh n b DAC. DAC c trong:CD players, digital music players, and PC sound cards, VOIP (Voice over IP). Video:DAC c s dng hin thi tn hiu s trn analog monitor .

Mechanical:
An unusual application of digital-to-analog conversion was the whiffletree electromechanical digital-to-analog convertor linkage in the IBM Selectric typewriter Ngun Wikipedia
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Cc phng php ghp ni DAC T Vi x l ra thit b chp hnh

mch ghp ni h vi x l vi 1 DAC 8 bit:

mch ghp ni h vi x l vi 1 DAC 16 bit:

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 Thit k mch chuyn i DAC s dng DSPIC30f4011 (mch thc t):

Mch chuyn i DAC 8 bit,s dng IC DAC0808 v Opamo LF351 Truyn song song.

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 Thit k mch chuyn i DAC s dng DSPIC30f4011:

Kt qu:

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 Thit k mch chuyn i DAC:

Dng AD7541A : 12bit, ni tip

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Thank for your attention

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