TRNG CAO NG CNG NGH THNG TIN HU NGH VIT HN KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN NG DNG

N MN: K THUT CHUYN MCH TN TI: TIM HIU CNG NGH CHUYN MCH MM

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Nng, ngy

thng

nm 2011

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MC LC

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ii

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DANH MC HNH V DANH MC BNG BIU

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iii

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THUT NG VIT TT Vit tt A-F API AS AS-F ASG ATM CA CPL IAD IETF IN IP ISC ISDN ISUP ITU-T Ting Anh Acounting Function Application Programming Interface Application Server AS-Function Access Signalling Gateway Asynchronous Transfer Mode Call Agent Call Processing Language Integrated Access Device Internet Engineering Task Force Intelligent Network Internet Protocol IMS Service Control Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN User Part International Telecommunication Union--Telecommunication Standardization Bureau InterWorking- Function JAIN Language Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Media Gateway Media Gateway Controller MGC- Function Media Gateway Control Protocol Multi Protocol Lable Switch Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications Media Server Next Generation Network Public Land Mobile Network Public Switched Telephone Network Routing Function Real Time Transport Control Protocol Ting Vit Chc nng tnh cc Giao din chng trnh ng dng My ch ng dng Chc nng my ch ng dng Cng bo hiu truy nhp Phng thc truyn khng ng b Tc nhn cuc gi Ngn ng x l cuc gi Thit b truy nhp tch hp Nhm k thut Internet Mng thng minh Giao thc Internet iu khin dch v IMS Mng s a dch v tch hp Phn ngi dng ISDN Ban tiu chun ha vin thng trong Lin minh vin thng quc t Chc nng tng tc Ngn ng lp trnh JAIN Giao thc truy nhp danh b d dng Cng phng tin Thit b iu khin cng phng tin Chc nng MGC Giao thc iu khin cng phng tin Chuyn mch nhn a giao thc B Bu chnh vin thng My ch phng tin Mng th h sau Mng di ng mt t Mng thoi chuyn mch cng cng Chc nng nh tuyn Giao thc iu khin truyn ti
iv

IW-F JAIN LDAP MG MGC MGC-F MGCP MPLS MPT MS NGN PLMN PSTN R-F RTCP

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RTP SCCP SCTP SG SIGTRA N SIP SS7 TCAP

Real Time Transport Protocol Signaling Connection Control Part (SS7) Stream Control Transport Protocol Signalling Gateway Signalling Transport Session Intiation Protocol Signalling System number 7 Transaction Capabilities Application Part

thi gian thc Giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc Phn iu khin kt ni bo hiu Giao thc truyn ti iu khin Dng Cng bo hiu Giao thc truyn ti bo hiu Giao thc khi to phin H thng bo hiu s 7 Phn ng dng cc kh nng giao dch Ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian Phn ngi s dng in thoi Giao thc d liu ngi dng Thoi qua IP Ngn ng nh du m rng

TDM TUP UDP VoIP XML

Time Division Multiplex Telephony User Part User Datagram Protocol Voice over IP eXtended Markup Language

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LI NI U Ngy nay, ngy cng c nhiu cc dch v mi v cht lng dch v c yu cu cao ca cc dich v Internet, dch v IP, xu th tch hp IP/ATM/MPLS cho mng ng trc...cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin v vin thng th gii dn n s mng th h sau NGN. Mng NGN vi tri tim l cng ngh chuyn mch mm p ng c mi yu cu c ra ca ngi dng vi gi thnh r. Chuyn mch mm l h thng chuyn mch thc hin y chc nng ca chuyn mch truyn thng, c kh nng kt hp nhiu loi dch v, c th p ng nhiu loi lu lng, kh nng kt ni vi nhiu loi mng, nhiu loi thit b, d dng nng cp cng nh tng thch vi cc dch v mi v cc dch v trong tng lai. Chnh v nhng u vit trn nn trong n ny em chn cng ngh chuyn mch mm i sau tm hiu cu trc v tm hiu nhiu hn v nhng u im ca n t so snh vi chuyn mch knh truyn thng B cc n gm bn chng: Chng I: Gii thiu chung k thut chuyn mch Chng II: Mng th h k tip Chng III: Chuyn mch mm Chng IV: Kt lun Cng ngh chuyn mch mm c ra i khi c mng NGN, nn vic tm hiu ht cc vn trong khon thi gian ngn s khng trnh khi nhng thiu st.Rt mong nhn c s gp ca thy c. Xin chn thnh cm n c Trn Th Tr Vinh tn tnh hng dn em trong xut qu trnh lm n.

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CHNG I. GII THIU CHUNG V K THUT CHUYN MCH 1.1. Gii thiu chung Vin thng l mt phn ca khi nim thng tin, mt dng thc chuyn giao thng tin. Mng vin thng c coi l h tng c s ca x hi s dng k thut in, in t v cc cng ngh khc chuyn giao thng tin. Mng vin thng di gc n gin nht c nhn nhn gm tp hp cc nt mng, cc ng truyn dn kt ni gia hai hay nhiu im xc nh v cc thit b u cui thc hin trao i thng tin gia ngi s dng.
-

Thit b u cui l cc trang thit b ca ngi s dng giao tip vi mng Thit b chuyn mch l cc nt ca mng vin thng c chc nng thit lp v Thit b truyn dn c s dng ni cc thit b u cui hay gia cc nt Cc phn t v phng tin ca mng truyn thng cu trc thnh h tng

cung cp dch v.
-

gii phng ng truyn thng gia cc cc thit b u cui.

-

vi nhau thc hin truyn cc tn hiu mt cch nhanh chng v chnh xc. truyn thng nhm cung cp cc dch v cho ngi s dng. Ty thuc vo cc dch v ch cht m cc gii php cng ngh c xy dng, phng php tip cn ny v ang tn ti trong h tng mng truyn thng hin nay. Trong mt s nm gn y, cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh tin tin l xu hng hi t c v cng ngh v dch v mng truyn thng gia mng c nh, mng di ng v mng internet sang mng th h k tip NGN. H tng mng vin thng thay i khng ngng nhm p ng cc yu cu ngy cng cao ca ngi s dng, s tc ng ny lin quan v nh hng ti rt nhiu lnh vc trn cc yu t khoa hc cng ngh v khoa hc k thut, trong bao gm k thut chuyn mch. Mt xu hng mi c hnh thnh trn c s hi t v tch hp h tng cng ngh nhm xy dng mt h tng truyn thng chung cho cc mi trng kin to dch v lp cao. Chnh v vy, mt lot cc gii php k thut v cng ngh chuyn mch mi v ang c a ra v trin khai. 1.2 Cc khi nim c bn 1.2.1. Khi nim chuyn mch v h thng chuyn mch

Khi nim chuyn mch

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Chuyn mch l mt qu trnh thc hin u ni v chuyn thng tin cho ngi s dng thng qua h tng mng vin thng. Ni cch khc, chuyn mch trong mng vin thng bao gm chc nng nh tuyn cho thng tin v chc nng chuyn tip thng tin. Khi him h thng chuyn mch Qu trnh chuyn mch c thc hin ti cc nt mng, trong mng chuyn mch knh cc nt mng thng gi l h thng chuyn mch (Tng i), trong mng chuyn mch gi thng c gi l thit b nh tuyn (B nh tuyn). Trong mt s mng c bit, phn t thc hin nhim v chuyn mch c th va ng vai tr thit b u cui va ng vai tr chuyn mch v chuyn tip thng tin. i vi mt s kin trc mng c bit v d nh mng ty bin (Ad-hoc), cc thit b u cui cn c th ng vai tr nh mt ni cp v nhn ngun lu lng trong mng, ng thi m nhim chc nng chuyn tip cc thng tin cho cc phn t khc trong mng. 1.2.2. Phn loi chuyn mch Ta c hai dng mng chuyn mch c bn: Mng chuyn mch knh Mng chuyn mch gi Tuy nhin, di gc truyn v x l thng tin, chuyn mch cn c th nhn nhn thnh bn kiu:
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Chuyn mch knh Chuyn mch bn tin Chuyn mch gi Chuyn mch t bo Qu trnh chuyn mch c chia thnh 3 giai on phn bit: thit lp, truyn

v gii phng. thit lp, gii phng v iu khin kt ni, mng chuyn mch knh s dng cc k thut bo hiu thc hin nh mt thnh phn bt buc. i ngc vi mng chuyn mch knh l mng chuyn mch gi, da trn nguyn tc phn chia cc lu lng d liu thnh cc gi tin v truyn i trn mng chia s, mi gi tin l mt thc th c lp cha cc thng tin cn thit cho qu trnh x l thng tin trn mng

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CHNG II. MNG TH H K TIP NGN (Next Generation Network) 2.1. Tng quang mng NGN 2.1.1. S ra i ca NGN Mng PSTN ca VNPT c xy dng v pht trin kh ton din, cung cp dch v thoi truyn thng cht lng tt ti khch hng. Tuy nhin, sau nhiu nm hot ng, PSTN bc l mt s hn ch hu nh khng th khc phc c. Chuyn mch da trn cng ngh TDM cng nhc trong vic phn b bng thng (Nx64kb/s) v gp nhiu kh khn khi a ra cc dch v mi, nht l khi trin khai mng NGN. Mng PSTN cn s u t ln, gi thnh thit b cao v chi ph vn hnh mng ln. Hn na, mng PSTN c nhiu cp khc nhau (Gateway quc t, Toll, tandem, Host) nn rt phc tp trong vic phi hp h thng bo hiu, ng b v trin khai dch v mi. Trong khi , nhu cu v cc dch v d liu pht trin mnh: Internet ngy cng ph bin, nhng i hi v dch v IP, xu th tch hp IP/ATM/MPLS cho mng ng trc...cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin v vin thng th gii dn n s cn thit phi thay i cng ngh mng. Mng mi ra i phi c bng tn rng, hiu sut cao, h tr nhiu loi hnh dch v, n gin v cu trc v qun l, d dng pht trin dch v v nhanh chng cung cp cho khch hng. Nh vy, dp ng cc yu cu t ra, cc nh qun tr mng c 2 s la chn, hoc l xy dng mt c s h tng hon ton mi hoc l xy dng mt mng c kh nng cung cp cc dch v IP bng cch nng cp trn h tng mng PSTN hin c. H tng mng ca th k 20 khng th c thay th ch trong mt sm, mt chiu v v th phng n th hai l s la chn ng n l mng th h sau. Do vy, mng NGN c hnh thnh v pht trin. S hi t ca cc mng l yu cu cn thit, mang li nhiu li ch cho nh khai thc dch v. i vi nh hng NGN mang li nhiu tnh nng c th p ng c nhiu yu cu ca khch hng nht l cc dch v bng rng nh: Tng thm tnh mm do Tp trung kh nng iu khin cuc gi thng qua chuyn mch mm Tit kim bng thng Cung cp dch v multi-media
3

(Softswitches)

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2.1.2. Khi nim Mng vin thng th h mi c nhiu tn gi khc nhau, chng hn nh: -

Mng a dch v (cung cp nhiu loi dch v khc nhau) Mng hi t (h tr cho c lu lng thoi v d liu, cu trc mng hi t) Mng phn phi (phn phi tnh thng minh cho mi phn t trong mng) Mng nhiu lp (mng c phn phi ra nhiu lp mng c chc nng c lp Cho ti hin nay, mc d cc t chc vin thng quc t v cung cc nh cung

nhng h tr nhau thay v mt khi thng nht nh trong mng TDM) cp thit b vin thng trn th gii u rt quan tm v nghin cu v chin lc pht trin NGN nhng vn cha c mt khi nim c th v chnh xc no cho mng NGN. Do nh ngha mng NGN nu ra y khng th bao hm ht mi chi tit v mng th h mi, nhng n c th tng i l khi nim chung nht khi cp n NGN. Mng thng tin th h mi l s tch hp mng thoi PSTN, ch yu da trn k thut TDM, vi mng chuyn mch gi, da trn k thut IP/ATM. N c th truyn ti tt c cc dch v vn c ca PSTN ng thi cng c th nhp mt lng d liu rt ln vo mng IP, nh c th gim nh gnh nng ca PSTN. Tuy nhin, NGN khng ch n thun l s hi t gia thoi v d liu m cn l s hi t gia truyn dn quang v cng ngh gi, gia mng c nh v di ng. 2.1.3. c im v u im ca mng NGN -

Hai c im quan trng nht ca mng th h sau NGN l:

Mng tch hp a dch v. Pht trin trn c s h tn vin thng sn c vi kin trc m v cng ngh u im ca mng NGN:

chuyn mch gi.

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Cc lp chc nng c tch hp theo chiu ngang, ngha l cng chung mt c

s h tng thc hin hi t cc chc nng mng trn lp truyn dn chung da trn c s cng ngh chuyn mch gi v c chia s bi cc dch v khc nhau. Lp iu khin c tch c lp vi lp truyn dn v c kh nng cung cp cc giao din lp trnh m (API) nhm m bo mi trng to dch v mi mt cch mm do, a nng v hiu qu.

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Nh s c lp gia chc nng truyn dn v iu khin kt ni, vic cung cp

dch v mi ch n gin l vic b sung thm cc my ch vo lp dch v nm pha trn lp truyn dn. Lp iu khin dch v c lp vi lp truyn dn cng lm gim thiu nh Tt c cc loi hnh dch v u c th chia s chung mt mng li, lu lng C kh nng cung cp cc dch v a phng tin. Cu trc NGN bao gm 5 lp chc nng:
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hng ca vic ng dng cc cng ngh truyn dn mi. thoi v d liu khng cn phi phn bit. 2.2. Cu trc ca mng NGN Lp truy nhp dch v (service access layer). Lp truyn ti dch v (service transport/core layer). Lp iu khin (control layer). Lp ng dng/dch v (application/service layer). Lp qun l (management layer)

Hnh 2.1 M hnh phn lp ca NGN theo ITU-T 2.2.1. Lp truy nhp dch v Lp truy nhp gm ton b cc nt truy nhp h tr cc dch v cho ngi s dng bao gm cc dch v thoi v phi thoi, cc nt truy nhp kt ni ti mng ng trc thng qua cc thit b cng ng bin v cc thit b trung k. 2.2.2. Lp chuyn ti dch v
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Lp chuyn ti phi c kh nng chuyn ti cc loi lu lng. Lp chuyn ti c t chc thnh hai cp ng trc v truy nhp. Cc giao thc hot ng trong lp truyn ti phi thch ng vi hu ht cc cng ngh lp 3. 2.2.3. Lp iu khin y l lp trung tm ca h thng thc thi qua trnh iu khin, gim st v x l cuc gi nhm cung cp cc dch v thng sut t u cui n u cui (end-toend) vi bt c loi giao thc v bo hiu no. Thc thi qu trnh gim st cc kt ni cuc gi gia cc thu bao thng qua vic iu khin cc thnh phn ca lp chuyn ti. Qu trnh x l v bo hiu cuc gi v bn cht c ngha l x l cc yu cu ca thu bao v vic thit lp v hy b cuc gi thng qua cc bn tin bo hiu. Lp ny cn c chc nng kt ni cuc gi thu bao vi lp ng dng v dch v. Cc chc nng ny s c thc thi thng qua cc thit b nh Media Gateway Controller, cc SIP Server hay Gatekeeper. 2.2.4. Lp ng dng v dch v Lp ng dng v dch v cung cp cc ng dng v dch v nh dch v mng thng minh IN, tr tin trc, dch v gi tr gia tng Internet cho khch hng thng qua lp iu khin H thng ng dng v dch v mng ny lin kt vi lp iu khin thng qua cc giao din m API. Nh giao din m ny m nh cung cp dch v c th pht trin cc ng dng v trin khai nhanh chng cc dch v trn mng. Trong mi trng pht trin cnh tranh s c rt nhiu thnh phn tham gia kinh doanh trong lp ny. 2.2.5. Lp qun l Lp qun l mng l phn qun l mng tp trung xuyn sut tt c cc lp khc. Lp ny thc hin cc chc nng qun l nh tnh cc, h tr vn hnh, cc x l lin quan n cc thu bao. Lp qun l mng c th tng tc vi cc lp khc thng qua cc giao din chun hay giao din lp trnh ng dng m API.

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CHNG III. CHUYN MCH MM 3.1. S ra i cng ngh chuyn mch mm Trong tng lai, mng th h mi s hon ton da trn c s h tng l mng gi. V th vic chuyn t mng vin thng hin ti ln mng th h mi phi tri qua nhiu giai on. Do PSTN hin ti vn hot ng tt v cung cp dch v kh tin cy (99.999%) nn vic chuyn c mng truy nhp v mng li ca PSTN thnh mng gi l rt tn km. tn dng c s h tng ca PSTN v u im ca chuyn mch gi, cu hnh mng NGN bao gm chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi c th hin nh trong hnh sau:

Hnh 3.1 Cu trc mng th h sau NGN Nh bit, phn phc tp nht trong nhng tng i ny chnh l phn mm x l gi. Phn mm ny chy trn mt b x l chuyn dng c tch hp sn vi phn cng vt l chuyn mch knh. Hay ni cch khc, phn mm s dng trong cc tng i ni ht ph thuc vo phn cng ca tng i. iu ny gy kh khn cho vic tch hp mng PSTN v mng chuyn mch gi khi xy dng NGN. Gii php c th thc thi l to ra mt thit b lai (hybrid device) c th chuyn mch thoi c dng knh v gi vi s tch hp ca phn mm x l gi. iu ny c thc hin bng cch tch ring chc nng x l cuc gi khi chc nng chuyn mch vt l. Thit b chnh l b iu khin cng phng tin MGC s dng chuyn mch mm. Hay chuyn mch mm chnh l thit b thc hin vic x l cuc gi trong mng NGN.
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3.2. Khi nim chuyn mch mm v v tr trong phn lp chc nng NGN 3.2.1. Khi nim Cc kin khc nhau v chuyn mch mm cng xut pht t gc nhn nhn khc nhau v kin trc, chc nng v cc c trng ca mng. Trc khi i ti mt khi nim chung, c th tham kho mt s quan im v chuyn mch mm ca mt s hng khc nhau. CoomWorks: Chuyn mch mm bao gm cc modul phn mm tiu chun, c chc nng iu khin cuc gi, bo hiu, c giao thc lin kt v kh nng thch ng vi cc dch v mi trong mng hi t. Thm vo , chuyn mch mm thc hin chuyn mch cuc gi m khng ph thuc vo phng thc truyn dn cng nh cc truy nhp mng, cc dng lu lng khc nhau c x l trong sut. Thng qua mng IP, chuyn mch mm cung cp cc dch v IP vi cc yu cu ngy cng cao ca khch hng. MobileIN: Chuyn mch mm l khi nim trong bao hm vic tch phn cng mng ra kha phn mm mng. Trong mng chuyn mch knh truyn thng, phn cng v phn mm ca h thng chuyn mch khng c lp vi nhau m l thc th ton vn ca mt nh cung cp. Mng chuyn mch knh da trn nhng thit b chuyn dng cho vic kt ni v c thit k vi mc ch phc v thng tin thoi. Nhng mng chuyn mch gi vi hiu nng cao hn s s dng giao thc IP nh tuyn thng tin thoi v s liu qua cc tuyn kh dng v cc thit b dng chung. Alcatel: Vi sn phm 5424Softswitch s dng gim ti Internet v chy cc ng dng VoIP H.323, h thng 1000 Softswitch ng dng lm tng i chuyn tip gi. Chuyn mch mm l trung tm iu khin trong cu trc mng vin thng. N cung cp kh nng chuyn ti thng tin mt cch mm do, an ton v p ng cc c tnh mong i khc ca mng. C chc nng qun l dch v, iu khin cuc gi gatekeeper, th hin vic hi t cc cng ngh IP, ATM, TDM trn nn c s h tng sn c. C kh nng tng thch gia chc nng iu khin cuc gi v cc chc nng mi s pht trin sau. Nh vy, ty thuc vo th trng ca mnh, cc nh cung cp khc nhau c quan im khc nhau v chuyn mch mm, tuy nhin cc quan im b sung cho nhau hnh thnh mt nh ngha chung v chuyn mch mm.

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Chuyn mch mm l h thng chuyn mch thc hin y chc nng ca chuyn mch truyn thng, c kh nng kt hp nhiu loi dch v, c th p ng nhiu loi lu lng, kh nng kt ni vi nhiu loi mng, nhiu loi thit b, d dng nng cp cng nh tng thch vi cc dch v mi v cc dch v trong tng lai. 3.2.2. V tr trong phn lp chc nng NGN Do c chc nng l x l cuc gi (Call control) nn v tr tng ng ca Softswitch trong m hnh phn lp chc nng ca NGN l lp iu khin cuc gi v bo hiu (Call Control an Signaling). V cc thc th chc nng ca Softswitch l MGC-F, CA-F, IW-F, R-F v A-F.

Chuyn mch mm Lp dch v Lp iu khin Lp phng tin Lp truy nhp v truyn ti

Hnh 3.2 V tr ca chuyn mch mm trong phn lp chc nng ca NGN. 3.3 Cc mt phng chc nng Cc mt phng chc nng c a ra theo ngha chung nht nhm phn bit cc thc th chc nng trong kin trc chuyn mch mm. ISC a ra 4 mt phng chc nng: mt phng truyn ti, mt phn iu khin v bo hiu, mt phng ng dng v dch v v mt phng qun l. 3.3.1. Mt phng truyn ti Chc nng: Mt phng truyn ti thc hin chc nng vn chuyn cc bn tin gia cc thc th trong ton mng. Cc bn tin c th l bn tin bo hiu cuc gi, bn tin thit lp cuc gi hay lu lng cn truyn. C ch tryn ti cc bn tin ny c th da trn bt k mt cng ngh truyn dn no. Mt phng truyn ti cng c th c chia nh thnh 3 min: Min truyn ti IP: Min ny cung cp h thng li v chuyn mch, nh tuyn cho vic truyn ti cc bn tin qua mng IP. Bao gm cc thit b nh tuyn, chuyn
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mch, thit b cung cp c ch gim st cht lng dch v hay cc chnh sch truyn ti. Min lin kt mng: m nhn chc nng chuyn i cc dng lu lng v bo hiu gia cc mng khc nhau nhm m bo s tng thch. Bao gm cc thit b cng bo hiu, cng phng tin, cng lin kt mng. Min truy nhp khng IP: Min ny nhm h tr vic truyn dn gia mng IP v cc u cui khng IP hay mng v tuyn. Bao gm cc thit b cng truy nhp hay cng ni ht, u cui ISDN, thit b truy nhp tch hp IAD v cc cng phng tin cho cc mng di ng hay mng truy nhp v tuyn

Hnh 3.3: M hnh tham chiu chuyn mch mm ISC 3.3.2 Mt phng bo hiu v iu khin cuc gi Chc nng: Mt phng ny iu khin hu ht cc thc th ca mng, c bit l cc thc th thuc mt phng truyn ti. C ch: Cc thit b v chc nng trong mt phng ny tin hnh iu khin cuc gi da trn cc bn tin bo hiu nhn c t mt phng truyn ti, thc hin vic thit lp v gii phng cuc gi trn c s iu khin cc thit b thuc mt phng truyn ti. Thnh phn gm: B iu khin cng phng tin, thit b iu khin cng kt ni, my ch LDAP.
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3.3.3. Mt phng ng dng v dch v Chc nng: Cung cp cc dch v n ngi s dng mt cch thng nht v ng b, cc dch v c bng thng khc nhau v nhiu mc khc nhau. C ch: Cc thit b trong mt phng s iu khin tng bc cuc gi da trn cc logic c sn thng qua vic giao tip vi cc thit b trong mt phng bo hiu v iu khin cuc gi. Thnh phn gm: My ch ng dng v my ch chc nng. 3.3.4. Mt phng qun l bo dng mng y l lp c bit xuyn sut cc lp trn. Chc nng qun l c ch trng l: qun l mng, qun l dch v, qun l kinh doanh. Chc nng qun l nh: tnh cc, h tr vn hnh,bo dng mng;cung cp dch v khch hngTng tc vi 3 mt phng trn thng qua cc giao din chun hay giao din lp trnh ng dng m API (Application Programmed Interface). 3.4 Cc thc th chc nng

Hnh 3.4 Cc thc th chc nng chuyn mch mm Mi khi chc nng trn c th thc hin mt chc nng nhng cng c th kt hp cng thc hin mt cng mt chc nng. Theo cc thc th chc nng thuc cc mt phng chc nng khc nhau. 3.4.1 Chc nng iu khin cng phng tin (MGC-F) Chc nng ny thng thc hin bi thc th vy l MGC. y l mt trong nhng thit b quan trng nht v c bit ti vi nhiu tn nh Call Agent, Call controller hay chuyn mch mm. C cc c im: Duy tr trng thi cuc gi i vi mi cuc gi MG.
11

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 n K thut chuyn mch

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iu khin giao tip gia cc MG cng nh gia MG vi cc thit b u cui. ng vai tr l trung gian tha thun cc tham s kt ni gia cc u cui Tip nhn v khi to cc bn tin bo hiu i v ti cc im kt cui v cc Tng tc vi my ch ng dng nhm cung cp cc dch v ti khch hang. Qun l mt s ti nguyn mng nh: cc cng MG, bng thng Giao tip vi cc chc nng nh tuyn v tnh cc h tr cho vic tnh C th tham gia vo nhim v qun l trong mi trng mng di ng. Chc nng ny gm cc giao thc ng dng Megaco/H248 v MGCP. Chc nng Call Agent (CA-F) v Internetworking (IW-F) l chc nng thnh

thc cc MG. mng bn ngoi.

cc, nhn thc v nh tuyn.

phn ca MGC-F. CA-F th hin khi MGC x l iu khin cuc gi hay qun l trng thi cuc gi. IW-F th hin khi MGC thc hin chc nng bo hiu gia cc mng bo hiu khc nhau. 3.4.2 Chc nng nh tuyn cuc gi v tnh cc (R-F, A-F) R-F cung cp cc thng tin nh tuyn cuc gi cho MGC-F, A-F thu thp cc thng tin phc v cho vic tnh cc.C cc c im: Cung cp chc nng nh tuyn cho vic nh tuyn cuc gi lin mng. Cung cp kh nng qun l phin v di ng. Cp nht cc thng tin nh tuyn t cc ngun bn ngoi. Tng tc vi AS-F nhm cung cp cc dch v hay ng dng ti khc hang. R-F v A-F l thnh phn ca SPS-F v thng c tch hp trong chc nng

iu khin cng MGC-F. 3.4.3 Chc nng cng bo hiu v bo hiu cng truy nhp (SG-F/AGS-F) SG-F cung cp cng phng tin cho vic bo hiu gia mng IP v PLMN, PSTN. Vai tr chnh l ng gi v truyn cc bn tin bo hiu s 7 ca PSTN hay PLMN qua mng IP. AGS-F cung cp cng phng tin cho vic bo hiu gia mng IP v mng truy nhp da trn chuyn mch knh. Chc nng chnh ca AGS- F l ng gi v truyn cc bn tin bo hiu V5 hay ISDN, BSSAP, RANAP qua mng IP. c im ca SG-F v AGS-F:
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SG ng gi v truyn bn tin bo hiu ca mng PSTN (SS7) ti cc MGC-F

hay mt SG-F khc.AGS-F ng gi v truyn cc bn tin bo hiu V5 hoc ISDN ti MGC-F. Mt SG-F c th phc v nhiu MGC-F. Mt MGC-F c th. Khi SG-F v MGC-F khng c ci t chung, SG-F s thc hin chc nng Khi AGS-F v MGC-F khng c ci t chung, AGS-F s thc hin chc Cc giao thc ng dng ca chc nng ny bao gm: SIGTRAN, TUA, SUA

giao din giao thc. nng giao thc giao din. hay M3UA trn SCTP. 3.4.4 Chc nng my ch ng dng (AS-F) AS c chc nng chnh l cung cp cc logic dch v ng dng. Cc c im ca AS-F bao gm: ngoi. Cc giao thc ng dng bao gm: SIP, MGCP, H248, LDAP, HTTP, CPL, XML. Cc giao din lp trnh ng dng m gm: JAIN v Parlay. S kt hp gia AS-F v MGC-F to ra cc nng lc iu khin cc dch v tng cng nh: in thoi hi ngh, ch cuc gi Cc nh khai thc thay v s dng mt giao din gia AS v MGC s dng mt giao din lp trnh ng dng API gia MGC v AS. Khi AS c mt tn gi khc l my ch chc nng (Feature server). Chc nng iu khin dch v SC-F xut hin khi AS-F iu khin logic dch v.
SVTH: Lm Quang Cnh 13

C th thay i cc m t v lu lng thng qua giao thc m t phin SDP. C th yu cu MGC kt thc cuc gi hay phin lin lc phc v cho mt C th yu cu MGC khi to li cc c trng cuc gi. V d nh tnh nng iu khin MS-F khi thc hin chc nng x l lu lng. C cc giao din Web v c th kt ni ti cc ng dng Web. C giao din lp trnh ng dng to cc dch v mi. Giao tip vi MGC-F hay MS-F. C th s dng cc dch v ca MGC-F iu khin cc ngun ti nguyn bn

ng dng no , v d nh thoi, lp cu hi ngh chuyn cuc gi, chng thc th gi tr trc.

 n K thut chuyn mch

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3.4.5 Chc nng cng phng tin (MG-F) MG giao tip vi mng IP thng qua cc ng im truy nhp hay trung k mng, hay MG-F hot ng nh mt cng giao tip gia mng IP v mng ngoi (mng ngoi c th l mng PSTN hay PLMN). MG-F c th cung cp cc cng giao tip gia mng IP v mng chuyn mch knh hay gia mng chuyn mch gi vi nhau (IP v 3G hay ATM). Cc chc nng c bn ca n nh l: chuyn lu lng t mt dng khung truyn dn ny sang mt dng khung truyn dn khc, thng thng l gia chuyn mch knh sang chuyn mch gi hay gia gi IP v gi ATM,..v..v. Cc c im ca MG-F Duy tr mi quan h ch/t vi MGC-F thng qua giao thc MGCP hay C th thc hin chc nng x l lu lng nh chuyn m, loi b ting vng, C th thc hin chn lu lng nh to m bo tin trnh cuc gi, to DTMF. Gim st v pht hin s thay i trng thi ca cc u cui. T phn b ti nguyn thc hin cc chc nng nu trn. Phn tch cc con s nhn c t u cui da trn k hoch nh s v quay Cung cp c ch thay i trng thi v nng lc ca cc im kt cui. Cc giao thc ng dng gm: RTP/RTCP, TDM, H248, MGCP. Chc nng ca my ch phng tin l p ng cc yu cu ca AS-F v MGC-F thc hin vic x l lu lng trn cc dng lu lng ng gi. Thnh phn chnh ca chuyn mch mm l b iu khin cng thit b Media Gateway Controller (MGC), ngoi ra cn c cc thnh phn khc h tr hot ng nh: Cng bo hiu SG, cng a phng tin MG, My ch a phng tin MS v cc my ch ng dng khc. Trong Cng a phng tin MG l thnh phn nm trn lp phng tin, cng bo hiu SG l thnh phn trn cng lp vi MGC, MS v AS nm trn lp ng dng. Cc c trng chnh ca MG-F H tr nhiu b m v chuyn i m H tr cho vic iu khin bi nhiu AS-F hay MGC-F
14

MEGACO/H248. ng gi, gim st hin tng rung pha, a ra cc x l khi b mt gi tin.

s do MGC gi ti.

3.4.6 Chc nng my ch phng tin (MS-F)

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H tr nhiu tnh nng ng thi gm + Pht hin s + To dng m bo v thng bo + To m bo + Ghi, lu tr dng a phng tin + Nhn dng ting ni + To ting ni vn bn + H tr tnh nng cuc gi Hi ngh + X l Fax + Pht hin thoi tch cc v khong trng

Cc giao thc ng dng bao gm SIP, H248, MGCP

3.5 Cc giao thc c bn ca chuyn mch mm 3.5.1 Phn la giao thc bo hiu

Hnh 3.4: Phn loi giao thc bo hiu trong chuyn mch mm H thng chuyn mch mm c kin trc phn tn, cc chc nng bo hiu v x l bo hiu, chuyn mch, iu khin cuc gi c thc hin bi cc thit b phn tn trong cu hnh mng. c th to ra cc kt ni gia cc u cui nhm cung cp dch v cho ngi dng cc thit b ny phi trao i cc thng tin bo hiu. Cch thc trao i cc thng tin bo hiu c quy nh bi cc giao thc bo hiu. Cc giao thc bo hiu c bn trong h thng chuyn mch mm gm: Giao thc H.323
15

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 n K thut chuyn mch

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Giao thc SIP Giao thc MGCP, MEGACO/H.248 Giao thc SIGTRAN Giao thc H.323 l tiu chun dnh cho truyn thng a phng tin trn c s

3.5.2 Giao thc H.323 mng chuyn mch gi, do ITU ban hnh, c s dng trao i thng tin bo hiu v iu khin gia cc MGC, gia MGC vi my ch.

Hnh 3.5: Ngn xp giao thc H.323 UDP. H.323 h tr lu lng video qua cc chun m ha H.261, H.263 trn nn RTP H.323 h tr lu lng d liu cc giao thc T.122, T.124, T.125, T.126 qua H.245 l giao thc iu khin knh (trao i cc thuc tnh cuc gi gia 2 u v RTCP cng qua phng thc truyn ti khng tin cy UDP. phng thc truyn ti tin cy TCP cui). H.225.0 l giao thc bo hiu gia u cui v gatekeeper (thit b iu khin cng kt ni) Cu hnh mng H.323 bao gm; u cui(Terminal):TBC bt buc phi h tr nhng giao thc: + Bo hiu iu khin cuc gi H.225 + Bo hiu iu khin knh H.245
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H.323 h tr cho lu lng thoi qua cc chun m ha G.711, G729, G723.1

trn nn giao thc RTP v RTCP thng qua phng thc chuyn ti khng tin cy

 n K thut chuyn mch

GVHD: Trn Th Tr Vinh

+ Giao thc RTP/RTCP cho d liu + Cc loi b m ho thoi

Hnh 3.6 Cu hnh mng H.323 Khng bt buc h tr m ho video Cng ni(Gateway) chuyn i gia 2 mng. iu khin cng ni (Gatekeeper) c chc nng chinh l chuyn i a ch v V d: chuyn mch gi v mng PSTN, ISDN iu khin bng thng. Trong H.323 khng nht thit phi c Gatekeeper, tuy nhin nu c Gatekeeper thcc u cui phi ng k trc khi thc hin cuc gi n v iu khin a im (MCU):h tr c cuc gi hi ngh ca 3 hay nhiu hn cc n v u cui cng tham gia trong mt phin lin lc. MCU c 2 modul: MCv MPiu khin v x l cc lung d liu thoi ,video v d liu khc. 3.5.3 Giao thc SIP Giao thc SIP do nhm lm vic MMUSIC ca IETF pht trin t tiu chun RFC 2543, l giao thc ngang cp vi H.323 c s dng trao i thng tin bo hiu v iu khin gia cc MGC, gia MGC v cc my ch. y l giao thc bo hiu lp ng dng c chc nng m t vic khi to, thay i v hy phin truyn thng a phng tin gia cc u cui. SIP c a ra trn c s nguyn l giao thc trao i thng tin ca mng Internet (HTTP). Hin nay, SIP ang tr thnh s la chn thay th H.323 tr thnh mt giao thc im ni im (end to end) trong cng ngh SW.

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17

 n K thut chuyn mch

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ng dng ca my trm SIP API y S Agent phn phi M E Giao thc SIP + M rng API lp truyn ti Lp truyn ti (UDP/TCP) Hnh 3.7: Giao thc SIP trong m hnh phn lp h thng Giao thc SIP c th chy trn nn c UDP v TCP vi IPv4 hoc IPv6. 3.5.3.1 Cc chc nng ca SIP Xc nh v tr ca ngi s dng: Hay cn gi l chc nng dch tn v xc Xc nh kh nng ca ngi s dng: Cn gi l chc nng thng lng c nh ngi gi. Dng m bo cuc gi n c ngi nhn d h u. tnh cuc gi. Dng xc nh loi thng tin v cc loi thng s lin quan n thng tin s c s dng. Xc nh s sn sng ca ngi s dng: Dng xc nh ngi gi c mun Thit lp cuc gi: Thc hin rung chung, thit lp cc thng s cuc gi ca X l cuc gi: Bao gm chuyn v kt thc cuc gi, qun l nhng ngi tham gia vo kt ni hay khng. cc bn tham gia kt ni. tham gia cuc gi, thay i c tnh cuc gi. 3.5.3.2 Cc thc th mng ca giao thc SIP API n gin AIP ng dng c bit

Hnh 3.8: Cc thc th mng ca giao thc SIP

SVTH: Lm Quang Cnh

18

 n K thut chuyn mch

GVHD: Trn Th Tr Vinh

u cui SIP: C th l my in thoi SIP hay my tnh chy phn mm SIP. Proxy Server (My ch y quyn) l i din cho mt nhm cc u cui SIP,

Mi u cui s c gn mt a ch SIP URL nh danh v nhn thc. c nhim v p ng cc yu cu SIP ca nhm hay t cc proxy khc, trong trng hp n khng p ng c th yu cu s c chuyn cho mt proxy khc. Redirect Server (my ch chuyn i a ch): Nhn a ch SIP v gi li cho Registrar Server (my ch ng k): C chc nng nhn thc, bo mt. Chi li ni hi di dng a ch khc ca proxy k tip lin lc. a ch ca SIP v a ch IP ca u cui SIP ng k. Ni cch khc l my ch ny thc hin cc chc nng ng k v qun l cc u cui v a ch ca chng. Location Server (my ch nh v) l phn mm nh v u cui, cung cp thng tin v nhng v tr c th ca pha b gi cho cc phn mm Proxy Server v Redirect Server 3.5.3.3 Cc phng thc s dng INVITE: Thit lp cuc gi bng cch gi bn tin mi u cui khc tham gia ACK: Khng nh my trm nhn c bn tin tr li bn tin INVTE. BYE: Thng bo cho Server kt thc cuc gi CANCEL: Hy yu cu ang nm trong hng i REGISTER: u cui SIP s dng bn tin ny ng k vi Registrar Server OPTIONS: S dng xc nh nng lc ca my ch. INFO: S dng ti cc thng tin nh m bo DTMF Trong phin hoi thoi SIP, mi bn tham gia c gn mt a ch SIP, cc ngi s dng s ng k v tr ng nhp vi my ch SIP. Qu trnh thit lp mt phin lm vic SIP nh sau: ng k, kh to v nh a v u cui M t phin ca u cui c mi tham gia Xc nhn thi hng ng ca u cui c mi Nu u cui c mi c thi tch cc, cuc gi c thit lp Cc nhim v x l trong qu trnh cuc gi Gii phng cuc gi

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19

 n K thut chuyn mch

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Hnh 3.9: Thit lp v hy cuc gi SIP Cc bn tin tr li cc bn tin SIP nu trn gm + 1xx - Cc bn tin chung + 2xx Thnh cng + 3xx Chuyn a ch + 4xx Yu cu khng c p ng + 5xx S c ca my ch + 6xx S c ha mng 3.6 Giao thc MGCP-MEGACO/H.248 Mt trong nhng giao thc quan trong nht, l nn tng ca chuyn mch mm l giao thc iu khin cng phng tin MGCP. Giao thc ny quy nh cch thc m MGC iu khin cc MG trong vic thit lp kt ni khi m cc phn mm iu khin, x l cuc gi c tch khi cc MG. MGCP c pht trin t hai giao thc ban u l: giao thc iu khin cng n gin SGCP v giao thc iu khin thit b Internet IPDC. MGCP l giao thc c thit k dnh ch yu x l bo hiu trong mng IP, giao thc ny t c nng lc x l cho vic truyn ti cc gi thoi, v d nh VoATM.

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20

 n K thut chuyn mch

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Vic ng dng MGCP trong thc t cng ch ra mt s nhc im ca giao thc ny nh thiu mt phng thc hu hiu MGC c th thu thp thng tin v kh nng x l ca mt MG no . Nhng nhc im trn c khc phc bi mt giao thc khc vi cc im k tha MGCP v cc tnh nng tng cng. T chc ITU phi hp vi IETF pht trin giao thc tng t MEGACO v gi tn l giao thc H.248. MEGACO/H.248 l bo hiu gia SW vi MG. Megaco/H.248 iu khin MG kt ni cc lung t ngoi.MEGACO/H.248 tng t vi MGCP v mt cu trc v mi lin h gia b iu khin v cng Gateway, tuy nhin Megaco/H.248 h tr a dng hn cc loi mng. 3.7 Giao thc SIGTRAN SIGTRAN l mt giao thc h tr cho mch in thoi IP (VoIP), n cho php truyn ti cc bn tin bo hiu s 7 qua mng IP lm lu lng mng PSTN v ISDN da trn SS7 c th truyn qua mng IP. lm c iu ny, SIGTRAN s dng mt lot cc giao thc thnh phn v cc modul: SCTP giao thc truyn ti iu khin dng: Truyn ti cc bn tin bo hiu ca mng PSTN qua mng IP; Phn mnh, ng gi d liu. L giao thc truyn ti tn hiu trn nn mng gi theo ch hng kt ni H tr chuyn giao cc bn tin MTP lp 3(ISUP,SCCP..) H tr hot ng cc giao thc lp MTP3.. H tr qun l kt hp truyn ti SCTP v lu lng gia mt SG v mt hay H tr cho MGC hay cc c s d liu lu tr chia s lu lng S dng truyn bn tin bo hiu s 7 lp MTP3 nhng SG s dng n khng

M3UA modul tng thch vi MTP lp 3:

nhiu MGC M2UA:Modul tng thch vi MTP lp 2 phi l mt nt mng SS7 IUA lp tng thch vi ngi s dng ISDN SUA lp tng thch vi ngi dng SCCP: H tr cc dch v hng kt ni v khng hng kt ni

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21

 n K thut chuyn mch

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H tr vic thng bo mt cch ng b s thay i trng thi cho cng tc H tr chuyn giao cc bn tin phn ngi dng SCCP H tr qun l kt hp truyn ti SCTP v lu lng gia mt SG v mt hay

qun l....

nhiu nt bo hiu IP.

SVTH: Lm Quang Cnh

22

 n K thut chuyn mch

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CHNG IV. KT LUN 4.1 u im v ng dng ca chuyn mch mm 4.1.1 u im ca chuyn mch mm Nhn t pha nh qun tr mng, c rt nhiu li ch h tng tnh cnh tranh v gim chi ph u t cng nh chi ph iu hnh mng. Mi trng kin to dch v mi: Vi giao din ng dng lp trnh m cc nh qun tr c th t a ra cc ng dng v dch v ti cc khch hng ca mnh. Hon ton ch ng trong vic a ra cc chin lc kinh doanh v pht trin lu di, t ph thuc vo cc nh sn xut Kh nng vn hnh v bo dng t xa: Cc nh qun tr mng thc hin vn hnh v bo dng cc thit b phn b ca mnh thng qua mng vi cc giao din trc quan Gim thi gian trin khai dich v v h thng: Nh vic ng dng cc giao din lp trnh ng dng m API nh cung cp dch v khng cn hon ton b ph thuc vo nh sn xut, do vic to ra v a dch v m th trng c th thc hin mt cch nhanh chng, tin ch v hiu qu cao m bo v duy tr c s h tng sn c: u im ny cho php cc nh qun tr mng c th va khai thc h thng c va trin khai h thng mi, dch v mi ngay trn nn h thng c Ti u ha nng lng ca mng theo yu cu t pha khch hng: y l kh nng cho php cc nh qun tr mng gim thiu chi ph cho vic d phng gia tng khch hng trong tng lai. u im ny cng to iu kin kinh doanh cho nhng ngi co vn hn ch, vi s t khch hng v cng chnh l kh nng chng c quyn, khuyn khch pht trin ng thi to iu kin cho nhiu i tc cng khai thc, u t v cnh tranh. Kh nng nng cp h thng cao, thc y vic ng dng cc cng ngh mi m khng lm nh hng ti h tng sn c. Nhn t pha khch hng: Nng cao tin ch s dng nh s pht trin cng ngh v kh nng hi t cng Gim gi thnh nh tnh cnh tranh ca th trng p ng mi yu cu v nhu cu ca ngi dng
23

ngh v tch hp dch v

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GVHD: Trn Th Tr Vinh

4.1.2 ng dng ca chuyn mch mm 4.1.2.1 ng dng lm cng bo hiu SG ng dng ny nhm vo cc nh khai thc dch v thoi cnh tranh, nhng doanh nghip ang tm kim mt gii php gi thnh thp thay cho chuyn mch knh truyn thng . S bng n truy cp Internet v khuynh hng ca cc ISP mun kt ni cc Modem Server ca h vi cc lung trung k tc c s (PRI) lm cho cc nh cung cp dch v nhanh chng cn ht cng PRI hin c. Bn cnh vic lm cn kit cc knh PRI, lu lng truy cp Internet qua ng quay s lm qu ti v tc nghn cho mng chuyn mch knh. Bi v chuyn mch knh vn c thit k phc v cc cuc gi c di trung bnh khong 3 pht, nn khong thi gian trung bnh tng thm do truy cp Internet ln hn rt nhiu nn c xu hng lm suy kit ti nguyn tng i, tng s lng cuc gi khng thnh cng. V duy tr cht lng thoi cho cc khch hng s dng dch v in thoi thc s, cc nh khai thc phi chn mt trong hai phng n: mua thm tng i, hoc cung cp cho cc ISP cc knh PRI c lu lng ti thp; c hai phng n ny u tng ng nhau v mt u t.

Hnh 4.1 ng dng lm cng bo hiu SS7 ca chuyn mch ng dng chuyn mch mm lm SG l mt trong nhng gii php trong tnh hung ny. MGC v MG c t trung k lin tng i gia nh khai thc cp thp cp v nh khai thc cnh tranh. Chuyn mch knh kt ni vi MG bng giao din TDM chun cn lin lc vi MGC thng qua bo hiu s 7. Cc modem server ca ISP v th s c chuyn sang kt ni vi MG, gii phng cc lung PRI cho chuyn mch knh TDM truyn thng. Khi cuc gi Internet hng ti ISP t pha tng i cp cao, n s i qua trung k ti MG ri c nh hng ti ISP t pha tng i cp cao, n s i qua trung k ti MG ri c nh hng trc tip ti modem server m
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khng qua chuyn mch knh nh trc. Cc cuc gi thoi vn din ra nh bnh thng. Bn cnh vic cung cp cc knh PRI gi thnh thp, chu c cc cuc gi thi gian trung bnh lu hn so vi trc y, ng dng SS7 PRI Gateway cn c kh nng cung cp cc dch v mi VoIP. 4.1.2.2 ng dng cho tng i tandem

Hnh 4.2 ng dng lm tng i Tandem Chuyn mch mm a ra gii php ng dng thay th tng i qu giang nh trn hnh 4.2, pha bn phi cho thy Chuyn mch mm cng vi cc MG thay th chc nng ca cc tng i chuyn tip chuyn mch knh trc y, cc tng i ni ht kt ni ti cc cng a phng tin bng giao din chun TDM thng thng v vi chuyn mch mm qua h thng bo hiu s 7. M hnh ny mng li mt s li ch so vi m hnh mng chuyn mch knh:
-

Loi b li trung k hot ng hiu sut khng cao, thay th chng bng cc

ng dn tc cao trong mng IP/ATM phc c cho cc cuc gi cn chuyn tip, gim ti cho cc tng i chuyn tip truyn thng hoc loi b chng hon ton.
-

Gim c chi ph vn hnh v gim c s tng i chuyn tip, s trung k

t hn (so vi mng li trc y), v trnh khng phi thit k cc mch TDM phc tp.
-

Gim c mt s lng cc cng chuyn mch dng cho cc trung k gia cc Truy nhp cc ti nguyn tp trung mt cch hiu qu hn. Hp nht thng tin thoi v s liu vo mt mng duy nht, qua gim vn

tng i ni ht vi nhau.
-

u t v chi ph so vi cc mng ring bit hin nay cho thoi v s liu.

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4.1.2.3 ng dng trong VoIP

Hnh 4.3 M hnh kin trc m VoIP. Trong l trnh tin ti NGN, tip cn hi t cc dch v trn nn mng IP c coi l chin lc cho mng hi t. Cng ngh truyn thoi qua IP c nh gi l cng ngh c kh nhiu im li th khi h tng mng vin thng cha chuyn i hon ton sang mng gi. VoIP l cng ngh c xy dng trn m hnh H.323 l m hnh h tr truyn thng a phng tin trn nn mng gi, m hnh ny bao gm c cc phn t thuc tiu chun H.323 quy nh v cc mng khc nh PSTN, ISDN v mng di ng Chuyn mch mm c ng dng trong cng ngh VoIP th hin qua cc thnh phn chc nng sau: Gateway GW v Gatekeeper. Gateway (GW) GW mt im cui trong mng thc hin cc chc nng chuyn i v bo hiu v d liu, cho php cc mng hot ng da trn cc giao thc khc nhau c th phi hp vi nhau. Trong mng VoIP, Gateway H.323 cho php kt ni mng VoIP vi cc mng khc. N cung cp cc kh nng truyn thng thi gian thc v song hng gia cc u cui H.323 trong mng gi vi cc u cui trong mng khc hay vi cc Gateway khc. Trong khuyn ngh H.323, Gateway H.323 l mt phn t tu chn v
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c s dng nh l mt cu ni gia cc u cui H.323 vi cc u cui H.310 (cho B-ISDN), H.320 (ISDN), H.321 (ATM), H.324M (Mobile). Cc chc nng chnh ca Gateway gm: Cung cp phin dch gia cc thc th trong mng chuyn gi ( mng IP) vi mng chuyn mch knh (PSTN). Cc Gateway cng c th phin dch khun dng truyn dn, phin dch cc tin trnh truyn thng, phin dch gia cc b m ho/gii m hoc phin dch gia cc u cui theo chun H.323 v cc u cui khng theo chun ny. Ngoi ra, n cn tham gia vo vic thit lp v hu b cuc gi. Cc thnh phn ca mt Gateway gm cng a phng tin MG, b iu khin MG v cng bo hiu SG. Gatekeeper Gatekeeper l mt thc th tu chn trong mng H.323 cung cp cc chc nng bin dch a ch v iu khin truy nhp mng cho cc thit b u cui H.323, cc Gateway v cc MCU. Ngoi ra, Gatekeeper cng c th cung cp cc dch v khc cho cc phn t mng trn nh qun l bng thng hay nh v cc Gateway. Gatekeeper cung cp cc dch v c bn sau y: Bin dch a ch: GK c th bin dch t a ch nh danh sang a ch truyn ti. iu khin ng nhp: GK qun l qu trnh truy nhp mng ca cc im cui bng cc bn tin H.225.0. iu khin bng thng: GK qun l bng thng ca mng bng cc bn tin H.225.0. Qun l vng: GK s cung cp cc chc nng trn cho cc u cui c ng k vi n. Ngoi ra, Gatekeeper cn cung cp mt s dch v tu chn khc: Bo hiu iu khin cuc gi: GK quyt nh c tham gia vo qu trnh bo hiu cho cuc gi hay khng. Cp php cho cuc gi: GK GK quyt nh c cho php cuc gi c tin hnh hay khng. Qun l bng tn
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Qun l cuc gi Sa i a ch nh danh Bin dch s c quay: GK s chuyn cc s c quay sang s E.164 hay s mng ring. Qun l cu trc d liu 4.2 So snh chuyn mch mm v chuyn mch knh truyn thng Chuyn mch mm thc hin cc trc nng tng t chuyn mch knh nhng vi nng lc mm do v cc tnh nng u vit hn. u im c c do:chc nng chuyn mch c thc hin: Bng phn mm. Cc giao din lp trnh ng dng m. Cng c 3 b phn chnh l: Phn mm ng dng Phn mm iu khin. Phn cng chuyn mch. Tuy nhin, trong CMK phn cng lun i km 2 thnh phn cn li, lm tng tnh c quyn trong cung cp h thng trng chuyn mch, lm gii hn kh nng pht trin dch v mi ca nh qun tr. Ngc li, CMM a ra giao din lp trnh ng dng m, c kh nng tng thch phn mm iu khin v phn cng ca nh cung cp khc nhau. Bng 1: So snh chuyn mach mm v chuyn mch knh c tnh Phng php chuyn mch Kin trc Kh nng thch hp ng vi ng dng ca nh cung cp khc Kh nng thay i mm do, linh hot Gi thnh c tnh Gi thnh ca cu hnh c bn
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Chuyn mch mm Trn c s phn mm Phn tn theo cc chun m D dng (API m)

Chuyn mch knh Trn knh truyn Ring bit ca tng nh sn xut v tp trung cao Kh khn

D dng Thp Chuyn mch mm Thp

Kh khn Cao Chuyn mch knh Cao

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Kh nng kt ni ng thi Vi trm n vi triu kt Dung lng ban u Truyn thng a phng tin Hi ngh truyn hnh Cc loi d liu h tr di cuc gi To dich v mi ni Nh, c th xy dng tng i dung lng vi trm s C Cho cht lng tt hn Thoi,fax, d liu, video Khng hn ch D, nhanh v c th t lm

V trng nghn n mt triu kt ni Yu cu dung lng rt ln Rt hn ch C h tr nhng hn ch Ch yu l thoi v fax Ngn Kh, chm v ph thuc vo nh sn xut

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