IPv6 Routing Protocol

Ni dung:
Gii thiu IPv6 Routing BGP RIPng OSPF

IPv6 Routing Protocol

Ging IPv4, IPv6 cng dng routing table quyt nh chuyn cc gi Routing table cha thng tin v IPv6 network prefixes v lm th no chuyn n network

The next-hope interface a ch ca next-hope

Cc loi Route trong IPv6 Routing Table

Directly attached network routes: ng i trc tip trong cng subnet (prefix di 64 bit) Remote network routes: ng i gin tip qua cc router (prefix di 64 bit) Host routes: ng i n mt host c th (prefix di 128 bit) Default route

IPv6 Routing Protocols

Static Routing Dynamic Routing: t ng update Routing Table thay i ng i Cc k thut Route: Distance Vector, Link State, Path Vector Cc giao thc Routing:

BGP RIPng OSPF

BGP-4 c thit k trao i thng tin gia cc AS BGP-4 s dng k thut Path Vector tm ng

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol )

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol )

Hai Router trao i thng tin bng giao thc BGP c gi l BGP Peers/BGP Speakers Mi AS c gn mt AS number ring Kt ni bng TCP->tin cy

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol )

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol )

Cc bc thit lp mt kt ni BGP:

Router gi BGP message yu cu kt ni Nu b xung t xy ra -> gii quyt Cc Open Message c gi bo sn sng kt ni Kt ni c hnh thnh BGP Indentifier trao i thng tin v update li trong sut thi gian m thng ip Thng ip KeepAlive ngn chn kt ni b time out

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol )

RIPng

RIPng (Routing Information Protocol Next Generation )

RIPng l g?

Giao thc nh tuyn da trn gii thut BellmanFord. Cu trc gi n gin. S dng UDP port 521 thng tin nh tuyn theo chu k v phn hi cc requests. S dng trong mng IPv6 va v nh, ti a 15 hop.

RIPng

nh dng thng ip RIPng

RIPng port: UDP port number 521.

RIPng

nh dng Route Table Entry(RTE).

RIPng

Bc k (Next Hop): c nh bi gi tr ca metric trong RTE. RTE ca bc k (Next Hop RTE):

RIPng

Timers:

Update timer Timeout timer Garbage collection timer ( hold-down timer) Request message Response message

X l gi (Packet Processing):

RIPng

Nhng thay i trong Topology:

Thm ng mi. Mt ng no b li. => convegernce time Route poisoning and the hold-down timer. Split horizon, with or without poison reverse. Triggered updates.

Hn ch convergence time:

RIPng

Hn ch:

Ti a 15 hop. Vng lp nh tuyn c th lm thi gian hi t cao( high convergence time) -> counting to infinity. Metric khng phn nh c tc ng truyn.

OSPF

OSPF l g ?

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First ) -Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) -Link State Protocol -Pht trin cho mng IP

RFC -2328 OSPF version 2 -2740 OSPF for IP version 6

SPF

t mi router gc ca mt tree v tnh ton ng i ngn nht n mt ch (l cc l ca cy)da trn chi ph ly tch n c ch Mi router s lu thng tin v topology ca mng da trn nhng hiu bit ca n v mng

Shortest Path Tree (tt)

OSPF Routing Hierarchy

Thc th ln nht l mt Autonomous System(AS) Mt AS c th chia ra lm nhiu vng (area) ,l nhm ca cc mng lin tip v cc host -Cc router trong cng mt area ng nht vi nhau v Linkstate database -Area Border Routers (ABRs) l router c Interface trong nhiu area khc nhau. -AS Boundary Routers(ASBRs) : l nhng router hot ng nh Gateway

OSPF Backbone

OSPF Backbone (Area 0) phn pht thng tin tm ng gia cc area

Bao gm tt c cc ABR v BackBone router Tt c lu lng gia cc area u i qua BackBone

C th cu hnh virtual link cho backbone

OSPF Area Relationships

OSPF Stub Area

Stub area

Khng c cc external route Virtual Link khng c configure qua n Khng c cha ASBR Stub area ch nhn default route t backbone L Stub area m gii hn cc ng i vo t bn ngoi Chuyn tip cc gi d liu t cc adjacent areas n backbone hoc n cc area khc

Totally stubby area

Not-so-stubby area
Transit area

OSPF Area Types

OSPF Neighbor

Nhng router m chia s mt segment chung bn trong mt area gi l nhng neighbor

Adjacency neighbor dng trao i LSA

Mc ch : thu thp thng tin v Link-state

Neighbors Exchange Link State Info

Cc neighbor s trao i cc packet cp nht Link state c cha LSA vo thi gian u v lc cc thng tin nh ng b thay i Link state c trao i bng flooding Khi thng tin mng c cp nht y router s tnh ton mt SPF tree s dng gii thut Dijkstra

Qu Trnh Chn Adjacency

OSPF Packet Types

Hello: thit lp v duy tr mi quan h vi cc neighbor Database Description: m t ni dung Linkstate database Link-state Request :yu cu LSA t neighbor router Link-State Update:Phn hi Link-state Request packet Link State Acknowledgment:thng bo nhn mt Link-state Update packet

Designated Router

Cho mi Multi-Access Segment (hn 2 router) c mt Designated Router (DR) v mt Backup Designated Router (BDR)

Gim s lng thng tin trao i trn mt Segment

Designated Router(tt)

Khi S Dng OSPF

Tnh hi t nhanh hn Distance Vector H tr c cho nhiu mng ln

t b nh hng bi cc thng tin nh ng khng chnh xc